A kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of motor speed control device, relates in particular to a kind of winding connection method, power inversion circuit and control mode of 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device.
Technical background
3 phase switch reluctance motor governing systems are widely used.The salient pole of motor stator/rotor core is uniform on circumference, and the salient pole number is generally 12/8 utmost point, and the phase arc angle of stator salient poles is π/(12).Every phase winding is linked to be by coil on 4 uniform salient poles, and during by electric current, the magnetic of 4 salient poles is N, S is spaced.The polar arc angle of rotor with salient pole is a bit larger tham π/(12), pole span τ=π/4.
Fig. 1 is shown the schematic diagram of 3 phases, 12/8 pole switching reluctance motor iron core.The a phase winding of the tandem-type connection of having drawn among the figure, end is A end to end
1, A
2, b and c phase winding are similar, and end is respectively B end to end
1, B
2And C
1, C
2
In the 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device, the most frequently used connection of the power inversion circuit of motor winding as shown in Figure 2.Insulate between three phase windings of motor itself, each inverter circuit by three half-bridge forms drives.Whole inverter circuit is by the three-phase rectifier power supply U of capacitor filtering
dPower supply.
The curve that the phase winding inductance L changes with angle of rotor θ is shown in Fig. 3 solid line.When fixed/rotor with salient pole center line overlapped, L was maximum L
MThe L value was very little when salient pole overlapped with the groove center line, approached zero.Obtain dotted line after idealized and show broken line.L=L
MThe time account for angle range θ
1, the ascent stage of L and descending branch respectively account for angle range τ/3; All the other angle ranges (τ/3-θ
1) in, the L value is zero.
In the motor phase winding, be connected with the pulsating current that the angle of flow is τ/3~τ/2, the cycle is 2 τ.The angle range that comprises the inductance ascent stage when electronic is main, obtains positive electronic torque; The angle range that comprises the inductance descending branch during braking is main, the torque that obtains bearing.Be connected with the phase current of phase phasic difference 2 τ/3 on three phase windings, the two alternate overlap angle that 0~τ/3 are arranged.Resulting torque and sense of current are irrelevant.
Fig. 2 shows six brachium pontis of three half-bridges in the inverter circuit.Wherein three brachium pontis are that one of positive brachium pontis power switch is connected to dc power anode, during the power switch conducting, flow out electric current to phase winding.Other three brachium pontis are negative brachium pontis, and one of power switch is connected to dc power cathode, and during the power switch conducting, electric current flows into power switch in the phase winding.
Above-mentioned six brachium pontis are generally made with six two unit IGBT tube modules.The IGBT pipe that a pair of push-and-pull output is arranged in this module, and on two IGBT pipes fly-wheel diode oppositely in parallel; By the extremely anticathode short circuit of control, just can turn-off an IGBT pipe effectively, thereby obtain the brachium pontis of plus or minus.
Two unit IGBT tube module is very ripe product, in frequency converter etc., obtained widely applying, now in the brachium pontis only with an IGBT pipe rate of doing work switch, and only use the diode that is in series to come afterflow, obviously not giving full play to the ability of module, is a kind of waste on the resource.
For main circuit, also to consider the line problem between motor winding and power inversion circuit, line is thicker, and cost was than higher when line was long; Fig. 2 shows that main circuit needs six roots of sensation line, and line is many, and that the user connects is cumbersome, also is easy to generate wiring faults and electromagnetic interference.
The utility model content
A kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device that the utility model designs in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above just.
The technical scheme that its technical problem that solves the utility model adopts is:
A kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device comprise motor and power inversion circuit.Motor is 3 phase switch reluctance motors, and its stator core has an equally distributed 6Z salient pole, and Z is a positive integer, the polar arc angle be π/
6ZAll be embedded with the same coil of specification on the stator salient poles, equally distributed 2Z salient pole coil adopts series, parallel or series-parallel connection mode to connect into 1 phase winding, and when aliving, the magnetic of 2Z salient pole is N, S is spaced; Rotor core has a uniform 4Z salient pole, the polar arc angle be a bit larger tham π/
6Z, pole span τ be π/
2ZThe connection of 3 phase windings is stars, floats after the head end of three phase windings connects together, and three head ends are 3 phase inputs of motor winding, directly links on 3 phase output terminals of power inversion circuit; Power inversion circuit is general three-phase inverter bridge circuit, is made of six power switchs, every phase push-and-pull output, and fly-wheel diode all oppositely in parallel on each power switch is when power switch turn-offs, by the diode continuousing flow that is in series.
Flow through the electric current of positive and negative alternation in the phase winding of described a kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device, the cycle is 2 τ; 3 is all like this mutually, phase phasic difference 2 τ/3 corners between 3 phase currents; Its phase current waveform and phase place, carry out the closed-loop control of phase-splitting, each mutually all comprises current sensor, and current regulator, pulse width controller, gate circuit and push module recently change the size of phase voltage by the conducting of two power switchs on this phase brachium pontis in the three-phase inverter bridge circuit.
The bipolarity mode is adopted in the copped wave control of described a kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device power switchs, in the three-phase inverter bridge circuit, and this phase brachium pontis push-and-pull output, two power switch conduction ratio sums equal 1.
The unipolarity mode is adopted in the copped wave control of described a kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device power switchs, and two-way control is complementary, and the conduction ratio sum still equals 1; When the phase current that requires during greater than positive threshold values, a power switch that is terminated at dc power anode carries out copped wave, and during less than negative threshold values, then a power switch that is terminated at dc power cathode carries out copped wave.
Six power switchs of described a kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device comprise fly-wheel diode, can use three two cell power switch modules, also can use one six cell power switch module.
The utility model motor 3 phase windings are connected into star, and power inversion circuit adopts common three-phase bridge circuit.That is the line tail of three phase windings floats after connecting together, and three the end of a thread are then directly linked in the output of three-phase inverter bridge circuit.According to the document introduction, the positive and negative alternation of phase current of inverter circuit output, the cycle is 2 τ, is the square wave current that the positive and negative half-wave angle of flow is 2 τ/3, when phase current equalled zero, the magnetic conductance of this phase stator salient poles just in time was in main descending branch.
3 general phase switch reluctance motors adopt the two-phase excitation, and so-called " two-phase excitation " belongs to stator core salient pole uniform on the circumference of 1 phase, and after its embedded coil was linked to be phase winding, the magnetic of these salient poles was same polarities during energising, all was the N utmost point or the S utmost point.The magnetic flux that the phase winding magnetic potential produced must could be closed through the salient pole of other phase, so two alternately have a mutual inductance, the inductance of each phase winding also changes simultaneously.When analyzing torque, must take into account self-induction and mutual inductance simultaneously.And the polar arc angle of rotor core salient pole is 2 times of stator salient poles.The analysis showed that even the stator salient poles magnetic conductance meets idealized linear conditions, the motor torque that is obtained also has sizable pulsation.In order not produce above-mentioned torque pulsation, the motor that the utility model need not " two-phase excitation ", the polar arc angle of rotor with salient pole with 1 mutually in the connection of stator salient poles coil still 3 phase motor with general are the same.
The beneficial effect of a kind of novel 3 phase switch reluctance motor speed regulating device of the utility model is that its circuit design is reasonable, realizes simply, and is easy to connect, its adjusting speed accuracy height, and motor torque is steady; In the utility model between power inversion circuit and motor winding line have only three, when making inverter circuit with two unit or six cell power switch modules, the rated capacity of assembly can be fully utilized.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of 3 phases, 12/8 pole switching reluctance motor iron core salient pole;
Fig. 2 is the winding connection method and the power inversion circuit of 3 phase switch reluctance motors used always;
Fig. 3 is the curve that motor phase winding inductance changes with angle of rotor;
Fig. 4 is the winding connection method and the power inversion circuit of the utility model 3 phase switch reluctance motors;
Fig. 5 is a phase current and this waveform of torque mutually during best motoring condition in the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the phase-splitting controlling party block diagram of in the utility model phase current being carried out;
Other several phase current waveform of the utility model when Fig. 7 is optimum state.
Embodiment
For making the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer, the utility model execution mode is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The front introduced 3 mutually 12/8 pole switching reluctance motor fixed/salient-pole structure of rotor core, with being connected of each salient pole coil in each phase winding, no longer describe in detail here.In the utility model speed regulating device, three phase windings are connected into star, with three-phase inverter bridge circuit, constitute main circuit shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 5 has provided the ideal curve that a phase winding inductance L a changes with the motor rotor corner, and period tau is rotor polar distance π/4.La=L
MAngle range θ
1Very little, can not surpass τ/3; The absolute value of the ascent stage of La and descending branch slope equates, respectively accounts for angle range τ/3; All the other (τ/3-θ
1) angle range La=0.B phase and c phase winding inductance are respectively Lb (θ)=La (θ-τ/3) and Lc (θ)=La (θ-2 τ/3), do not draw among the figure.
The phase current of three-phase inverter bridge circuit output is positive and negative changeable, and be 2 τ the same period.Phase site is in a phase winding inductance L a change curve.During best motoring condition, the waveform that requires a phase current ia as shown in Figure 5, it is the square wave current that a positive and negative half-wave angle of flow is all 2 τ/3, when ia was zero, La was in decrement phase.
At ia is zero τ/3 angle ranges, and motor a phase salient pole can not produce electromagnetic torque, and the angle range that phase current exists is bigger, the ascent stage that has comprised La, no matter sense of current plus or minus all can produce positive electronic torque, the result just obtains the positive electronic torque shown in the Ta among Fig. 5.
B phase and c phase current are respectively ib (θ)=ia (θ-2 τ/3) and ic=ia (θ-4 τ/3).Whenever all satisfy ia+ib+ic=θ.Electronic torque mutually then is respectively Tb (θ)=Ta (θ-τ/3) and Tc=Ta (θ-2 τ/3) to b with c mutually.Three-phase stacks up, and electronic torque total on the motor rotor is continuous.
If the Phase advance θ of phase current
2Then there is θ at the angle at the inductance decrement phase
2Angular region produces negative electronic torque.Along with θ
2Gradually strengthen, work as θ
2>θ
1The time, the angular range that obtains the positive electricity dynamic torque at inductance in the rising stage becomes (τ/3-θ
2+ θ
1).3 is superimposed, and average electrical dynamic torque total on the motor rotor descends, up to θ
2>(τ/3-θ
1/ 2) after, the average electrical dynamic torque becomes negative value, and motor enters on-position.
Because the waveform and the phase place of phase current are had relatively high expectations, the phase winding load has inductive nature again, in the utility model, the phase current i that requires is carried out the closed-loop control of phase-splitting.Each all has current sensor S, current regulator A mutually
1, pulse width controller A
2, gate circuit D
1And D
2, push module B
1And B
2Deng, two power switch K on this phase brachium pontis in the dependence three-phase inverter bridge circuit
1And K
2Conducting recently change the size of phase voltage.
In the utility model, the copped wave of power switch control can be adopted the bipolarity mode, this phase brachium pontis push-and-pull output of three-phase bridge type inverse electric current, power switch K
1And K
2The conduction ratio sum equal 1.
In the utility model, the copped wave of power switch control also can be adopted the unipolarity mode, and two-way control is complementary, and the conduction ratio sum still equals 1, but that finally realize copped wave is K
1And K
2In a power switch.When i greater than positive threshold values+I
0The time, one is terminated at the power switch K of DC power supply positive
1Carry out copped wave, i is less than negative threshold values-I
0, then a power switch that is terminated at dc power cathode carries out copped wave.
Fig. 6 shows that solid line is the block diagram that the utility model adopts the bipolarity chopping way.Pulse width controller A among the figure
2Acting on the unified carrier signal J of three-phase; While gate circuit D
1And D
2On acting on fault-signal H, switch-off power K switch during fault
1And K
2, K
1And K
2Last fly-wheel diode V respectively in parallel
1And V
2L is the phase winding of motor, and one is terminated at K
1And K
2The push-and-pull output, the other end is the mid point of 3 phase stars.
If adopt the unipolarity chopping way, will increase dotted line so and show partly, wherein D
1And D
2Be two threshold values comparators, with deciding K
1And K
2In which carries out copped wave.
In Fig. 5, the torque of a phase is a square wave that lasting corner is τ/3, three superimposed after, there is not pulsation in total rotor torque.Even in fact there is not saturation problem in iron core, torque also is to have pulsation, it produces reason, the phase winding inductance is quite complicated with the change curve of rotor angle θ first, image pattern 3 does not show that solid line is so desirable, second the existence of phase winding inductance can not suddenly change phase current, and the lifting of electric current has a process.
Irrelevant based on the electromagnetic torque that is obtained in the switched reluctance motor and electric current, should also be noted that under the null prerequisite of instantaneous value sum of 3 phase currents of phase phasic difference 2 τ/3, as shown in Figure 7, phase current ia is changed into ia among the figure
1Or ia
2Or ia
3, also can obtain with Fig. 5 in the torque of Ta.But ia
1Or ia
2Or ia
3Waveform than ia complexity.The motor iron loss can increase, and in the electric current, changing between positive negative value has a process, also can produce new torque pulsation simultaneously, and therefore, the utility model is selected ia for use.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is in order to restriction the utility model, not all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the protection range of the present utility model.