CN201165470Y

CN201165470Y - Highly effective, fast and structure compact vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN201165470Y
Application number: CNU2007201733255U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李兴虎; 宋凌珺; 李宁
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2007-09-24
Filing date: 2007-09-24
Publication date: 2008-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2017-09-24

Abstract

The utility model provides a highly effective and quick vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas preparation device with compact structure, which belongs to the new energy resource field and is used for preparing vehicle-mounted hydrogen-rich gas in a short time. The device is a cylindrical structure and comprises a plasma generator (1) and a plasma reactor (2), wherein the plasma generator and the plasma reactor are connected together, the plasma generator (1) is provided with an eccentric gas inlet (4), the inner cavity of the plasma generator (1) is divided into two gas chambers; the lower gas chamber is used as the fuel premixing chamber. The entire device is vertical type and made of stainless steel material, and hydrocarbon fuel is reformed for hydrogen preparation by the plasma reforming method on the basis of the chemical reaction characteristic of plasma. The device has the advantages that the starting is quick; the efficiency is high; the cost is low; the device is easy to realize; the hydrogen preparing speed and efficiency are greatly improved.

Description

A kind of efficient, fast, the vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities of compact construction

Technical field

The utility model belongs to new energy field, the effect of this device be make hydrocarbon fuel at normal temperatures and pressures apace with air generation partial oxidation reaction, produce hydrogen-rich gas, thus improve automobile efficiency of combustion, reduce noxious emission.

Background technology

At present, problems such as global energy dilemma, environmental pollution are serious day by day.And automobile is as the main consumer of oil, and the petroleum resources that its consumes are more and more, expellant gas when it travels (attitude) pollutent (CO, NO _x, HC), particulate pollutant, EVAP evaporative emission etc. also become the main source of urban air pollution.Therefore, exploitation new forms of energy cheap, cleaning have become the extremely urgent task of automotive industry.

The calorific value of hydrogen is 140kJ/g, is approximately three times of gasoline, is considered to replace the desirable energy of mineral fuel.Though the peak pressure of hydrogen jar has reached 70MPa, but can not satisfy the requirement of continual mileage, and have problems such as potential safety hazard, the vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities then can address the above problem preferably, is one of selection of the most real onboard hydrogen source.At present, the method for vehicle-mounted hydrocarbon fuel reforming hydrogen manufacturing has two kinds of chemical reforming process and reforming plasma methods.

(1) chemical reforming process

Chemistry reformation ratio juris is under the effect of catalyzer, makes hydrocarbon fuel generation chemical transformation produce hydrogen, reforms and self-heating recapitalization comprising steam reforming, partial oxidation.Vapor reforming hydrogen production is the technology of comparative maturity, under the effect of catalyzer, hydrogen in the hydrocarbon fuel and the hydrogen in the water all can be changed into hydrogen, therefore it produces hydrogen rate height, but because this reaction is thermo-negative reaction, thus need outside heat supply, so the thermo-efficiency of total system is low.The partial oxidation reformation hydrogen production is the technology of comparative maturity in the industrial hydrogen production field, it in addition can be rich hydrogen hydrogen with heavy oil conversion, its product hydrogen rate is lower than the steam reforming, and airborne nitrogen can dilute the volumn concentration of hydrogen in the aerogenesis, but because this reaction is thermopositive reaction, so outside heat supply is few, the thermo-efficiency of total system is higher, and start time is short, dynamic response is fast.Self-heating recapitalization is about to the steam reforming of heat absorption and the partial oxidation reformation of heat release combines, and realize the self-equilibrating of heat under certain condition, the hydrogen generation efficiency height of this reformation mode, capacity usage ratio height, but local superheating phenomenon (i.e. " focus ") appears easily.

(2) reforming plasma method

Reforming plasma (Plasma reforming) is the nearly 10 years just methods of a kind of reformation hydrogen production of appearance, it is when utilizing gas to pass through high voltage electric interpolar space, the mobile electronics will make the gas molecule division between electrode, produce the 4th attitude--the plasma body of material.Owing to exist living radical (as O, OH, O in the plasma body ₃Deng), thereby can cause the generation of part chemical reaction.Because the energy density height of plasma body does not need catalyticreactor, therefore can reduce the size and the quality of reformer significantly.The reforming plasma apparatus structure is simple, hydrogen manufacturing speed fast, it is fast to start, can without catalyzer, can be at normal temperatures and pressures, cause hydrogen production reaction in extremely short time, less reaction compartment, the ideal that therefore is considered to small-scale production hydrogen under the changeable condition is selected.As everyone knows, the negative electrode Pt catalyzer of PEMFC can be poisoned by CO, the CO maximum permissible value that can tolerate at present is about 10ppm, utilize the Plasma reforming process can make hydrocarbon fuel that decomposition reaction at high temperature takes place rapidly, the product of this reaction is charcoal and hydrogen, do not produce the gas CO that makes the Pt poisoning of catalyst, and greenhouse gases CO ₂Though plasma generator needs consumed power to produce plasma body, but the electric energy of its consumption is tens watts only, is equivalent to the energy that a car headlamp consumes, relatively the energy of its consumption, the energy of its saving is more, and products of combustion is more cleaned.The big advantage of another of reforming plasma is that its reformable fuel is a lot, as alcohol, diesel oil, biologic garbage, Sweet natural gas etc.

This shows that chemical reforming process is that they excite the Activity of Chemical Reaction material different with the difference of reforming plasma legal system hydrogen principle.The active substance of chemistry reforming process is a catalyzer, and the active substance of reforming plasma method is a living radical.But catalyzer often needs its activity of competence exertion at high temperature, therefore needs heating, makes that the energy that consumes is more, and generally needs several minutes heat-up time, therefore utilizes the device for producing hydrogen of chemical reforming process to start slower.But the reforming plasma method does not need catalyzer, just can react at normal temperatures, therefore utilizes the device for producing hydrogen of reforming plasma method to start fast.

The utility model content:

For addressing the above problem, the utility model provides a kind of low cost, starts vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities fast, efficient, compact construction.

The technical scheme that adopts is as follows: the vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities, it is a cylinder-like structure, comprise interconnective plasma generator and plasma reactor two portions, plasma generator comprises inlet mouth, inlet mouth is set to centering type, and the inner chamber of plasma generator is divided into two air chambers, and lower chamber is the premixer of fuel, whole device is vertical, adopts stainless material to make.

The design of centering type inlet mouth, make air inlet produce eddy current, increased the duration of contact of gas and electric arc, so that produce more plasma body, the premixer that waits the lower chamber of stripped producer inner chamber to act as a fuel can mix fuel better, whole device is vertical, gas flows from the bottom up, because the density of hydrogen is little, this structure helps overflowing of hydrogen.

The vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities also with the sparking plug of removing lateral electrode as negative pole, and sparking plug is installed in a plasma generator end vertically, device for producing hydrogen ground connection produces plasma body as positive pole with spark discharge.At normal temperatures and pressures, after hydrocarbon fuel and AIR MIXTURES enter plasma generator, produce plasma body through spark discharge.Afterwards, reactant enters plasma reactor, and in this zone, plasma body will promote fuel and air generation partial oxidation reaction, produce hydrogen-rich gas at short notice.

The characteristics of this vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities are: utilize reforming plasma method reformation hydrogen production, hydrogen manufacturing speed and hydrogen production efficiency height, cost is low, startup is fast, compact construction, and is easy to realize.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure iron of vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities;

Fig. 2 is that the A-A of vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities is to view;

Fig. 3 is the applicating example synoptic diagram of vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities.

The number in the figure explanation

The 1-plasma generator; The 2-plasma reactor; The 3-electrode mounting hole; The 4-inlet mouth; The 5-air outlet; The 6-ignition control unit; 7-has removed the sparking plug of lateral electrode; The 8-cleaner; 9-hydrogen powered vehicle engine; 10-ground connection.

Embodiment

The structure iron of this vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device as shown in Figure 1.Hydrocarbon fuel and AIR MIXTURES enter plasma generator 1 from inlet mouth 4, through sparking plug discharge generation plasma body.Afterwards, reactant enters plasma reactor 2, and in this zone, plasma body promotes fuel and air generation partial oxidation reaction, produces hydrogen-rich gas at short notice.The hydrogen-rich gas that makes is 5 outflows from the air outlet.

In actual applications, can use this vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device separately, also can be with the use in parallel of two or more these vehicle-mounted hydrogen production devices.Can be designed to hydrogen powered vehicle on-board hydrogen generation system as shown in Figure 2.This system uses 1 vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device, with ignition controller 6 control spark discharges.Fuel and Air mixing gas enter vehicle-mounted hydrogen production device from inlet mouth 4, and reforming under the effect of spark discharge plasma body obtains hydrogen-rich gas, passes through cleaner 8 then, enters hydrogen powered vehicle engine 9 at last.

Claims

1. vehicular hydrogen-rich gas preparation facilities, it is a cylinder-like structure, comprise interconnective plasma generator (1) and plasma reactor (2) two portions, it is characterized in that: plasma generator (1) comprises inlet mouth (4), inlet mouth (4) is set to centering type, and the inner chamber of plasma generator (1) is divided into two air chambers, and lower chamber is the premixer of fuel, whole device is vertical, adopts stainless material to make.