CN102431434A - Hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle - Google Patents
Hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN102431434A CN102431434A CN2011103726789A CN201110372678A CN102431434A CN 102431434 A CN102431434 A CN 102431434A CN 2011103726789 A CN2011103726789 A CN 2011103726789A CN 201110372678 A CN201110372678 A CN 201110372678A CN 102431434 A CN102431434 A CN 102431434A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle, which adopts hydrogen as fuel and belongs to the field of automobiles. The hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle is characterized in that an alcohol pyrolysis hydrogen generator is serially connected onto an exhaust pipeline of a hydrogen engine, alcohol is catalyzed and pyrolyzed to generate hydrogen in the vehicle by the aid of exhaust waste heat (a supplementary heat source for realizing cold state temperature rise and keeping constant temperature of a reaction bed of the alcohol pyrolysis hydrogen generator adopts an electric heating mode), and generated hydrogen is transferred as the fuel of the engine so as to drive the vehicle to run and drive the engine to generate power and supply power for users. An ultra-low emission or zero emission level can be achieved when the hydrogen is combined with the engine to drive the vehicle. Alcohol can be made of various raw materials, including sugarcanes, corns, broomcorn, cassavas and the like which are reproducible resources and are inexhaustible. The alcohol as a raw material for generating the hydrogen can be water-contained methanol or ethanol of 50 degrees to 65 degrees, manufacturing process is simple, and cost is low. In addition, the liquid alcohol is also quite safe and convenient in storage, transport and network supply.
Description
Technical field:
It is a kind of under cold start the present invention relates to, and the pure cracking hydrogen generator that will be used for engine exhaust heat hydrogen manufacturing is heated to the required operating temperature of hydrogen production from catalytic pyrolysis, lets it produce hydrogen; Again the hydrogen that is produced as hydrogen engine fuel; Drive the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile of running car; Realize that whole process uses no or little fuel oil; Directly aqueous alcohols is cracked into hydrogen-rich gas fuel (3H2+CO2, CH4, CH3OCH3), and with the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile of hydrogen-rich gas as hydrogen cell mixed power automobile fuel.Belong to the automotive engine field.
Background technology:
Hydrogen is the human desirable energy of pursuing of 21 century.Utilize hydrogen as motor vehicle fuel, can thoroughly break away from human dependence oil resources; Can eliminate the harm of exhaust emissions from root to human environment.But the productive costs of hydrogen is expensive, is 4-12 times of gasoline.The hydrogen fuel that international hydrogen vehicle adopts is 35～70MPa high pressure or the tinning of subzero 252 ℃ of ultralow temperature liquid hydrogen, just can reach the continual mileage of demarcation; Exist serious potential safety hazard.And network hydrogen supply infrastructure investment is huge.Here it is, and hydrogen vehicle and hydrogen cell automobile are realized business-like obstacle in decades.So national governments and automobile industry circle think that in the near future, the most real scheme that solves the energy and environmental issue is mixed power electric car or electronlmobil.
Mixed power electric car be one by fuel engines and two parts of electrical motor (electrical generator) jointly as the automobile of propulsive effort; When in the city, moving; Automobile drives with the electric energy that battery pack stores earlier, during to the expressway, uses the regular fuel engine drive again; The prime power of this mixed power electric car or fuel engines still need burn gasoline.But it is compared with regular fuel automobile or pure electric automobile, the effect that have the reduction oil consumption and the thing that reduces pollution emissions, can start continuously for a long time.People see that mixed power electric car is a kind of cambic type, and it is not finally broken away from the dependence of oil resources and eradicates the harm of exhaust emissions to the mankind.In order to reach the ultimate aim of the energy and environmental protection, relatively the selection of reality is alcohol (hydrogen) Dai Ran.And the gordian technique that realizes alcohol (hydrogen) Dai Ran is exactly " hydrogen engine---a pure cracking hydrogen generator ".
The inventor had obtained multinomial patents of invention such as CN8510947, ZL94116320.2, ZL96100965.9, ZL200510011068.0, US7650953B2 once; 126 experts of technical scope inner tissue, engineer at pure cracking hydrogen production and hydrogen supply have carried out the experimental study in 26 years by a definite date, and have obtained breakthrough progress and reached the scientific and technological achievement of practicability.
Above-mentioned prior art; Under cold start; All need elder generation to come heating alcohol cracking hydrogen generator, let pure cracking hydrogen generator reach operating temperature, the hydrogen manufacturing of pure cracking hydrogen generator ability with the engine exhaust heat of mixed power electric car; So pure cracking hydrogen generator hydrogen manufacturing physical presence has one period delay time, need use fuel oil to start during this period of time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to exist technical barrier, the shortcoming of practicability to present international mixed power electric car and hydrogen engine; Reach pressing for of society and market economy; Invent a kind of whole process and use no or little fuel oil; Directly aqueous alcohols is cracked into hydrogen-rich gas fuel (3H2+CO2, CH4, CH3OCH3), and acts as a fuel, drive the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile of running car with hydrogen-rich gas.
The present invention also aims under cold start; The pure cracking hydrogen generator that will be used for engine exhaust heat hydrogen manufacturing is heated rapidly to the cracking and catalyzing operating temperature; Also can cracking hydrogen production in cold start, realize the method for the round-the-clock hydrogen manufacturing of pure cracking hydrogen generator, method of the present invention is directly to utilize the own battery pack (III) of automobile to drive DC motor work; Let DC motor drive alternator generation again; The electric energy that alternating current generator produces is that the pure cracking hydrogen generator heating of cold start provides the energy, lets pure cracking hydrogen generator heat temperature raising, solves pure cracking hydrogen generator cracking problem under the cold start.
The present invention also aims under cold start; According to the demarcation of the intensification of pure cracking hydrogen generator, constant temperature, limit temperature by the thermocouple transmission signals; Control with control circuit (66) computer ECU (Electronic Control Unit) vehicle-mounted computer electronic control unit; Directly adopt automotive engine to drive alternator generation, for the pure cracking hydrogen generator temperature booster (24) that cools off provides electric current or thermal source.
The present invention accomplishes through structure: by car chassis (I), automobile case, bearing circle, wheel (IV), drg, driving engine, motor (II), automotive battery group (III); The hydrogen cell mixed power automobile that Fuel Tank, control circuit (66) and each control cock that is connected with control circuit (66) lead are formed; It is characterized in that being equipped with in the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile hydrogen engine (31); The output line of its automotive battery group (III) is connected with DC motor (33); DC motor (33) drives alternating current generator (32) generating; Provide/export the energy and electric power for the cold start-up electric heater (24) in the pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) is connected, the freeing pipe (2) of hydrogen engine (31) is connected with pure cracking hydrogen generator (1), joins with muffler tail pipe (22) through bypassing exhaust valve (6) again; The hydrogen delivery pipe (58) of alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (1) joins with the hydrogen nozzle (62) of hydrogen engine (31) inlet end, and the pure input pipe (46) of pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) joins with pure storage bin (49);
Perhaps use computer ECU (Electronic Control Unit) electronic controller; The demarcation transmission signals of pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) intensification that obtains according to sensor/thermocouple, constant temperature, limit temperature; Directly drive alternating current generator (32) generating, for the cold start-up electric heater (24) in the pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) of cooling carries out electro heat with automotive engine;
Perhaps artificial external 220 volts of source of ACs directly are cold start-up electric heater (24) heating in the pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) under the state of cooling.
Cold start-up electric heater (24) is electromagnetic heater or infrared radiation heater, and power is 1.5～3KW, and pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) cracking temperature is 200 ℃-300 ℃.
Alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (1) is made up of exterior pure storage bin (49), storage hydrogen tube (53), pure input pipe (46), hydrogen delivery pipe (40,55,58), control cock (48,51,57), hydrogen pump (41), pressure maintaining valve (59) and control circuit (66); Alcohol input pipe (46) one terminations alcohol storage bin (49), the other end and pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) input end join; Hydrogen delivery pipe (40) one ends and pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) mouth join, and the other end joins with storage hydrogen tube (53); Between hydrogen delivery pipe (58) and hydrogen engine (31) inlet end hydrogen nozzle (62) join, a hydrogen pressure maintaining valve (59) is housed.
The freeing pipe (2) of hydrogen engine (31) is exhaust air inlet pipe (3) and exhaust shunt tube (8) at the outside bifurcated of pure cracking hydrogen generator (1); Bypassing exhaust valve (6) is housed, exhaust passage joint (10), muffler tail pipe (22) is housed in exhaust shunt tube (8) in cylindrical shape alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (1) inside; Exhausting silencer hole (5), exhausting silencer pipe (4), noise silencer through hole dividing plate (9), hush tube (11,13), noise elimination dividing plate (12,14,15), catalyst chamber (16) and the hot cell of vaporizing (26); Wherein communicate through cross over pipe (25) between catalyst chamber (16) and the hot cell of vaporizing (26); Cold start-up electric heater (24) is equipped with in catalyst chamber (16) and the hot cell of vaporizing (26) bottom, and temperature control thermocouple (18), hydrogen delivery pipe interface (19) and pure fuel inlet pipe interface (21) are equipped with in catalyst chamber (16) and top, the hot cell of vaporizing (26).
The top flange of catalyst chamber (16) covers the hydrogen delivery pipe interface (19) that is welded with pure cracking hydrogen; Hydrogen delivery pipe interface (19) is connected with the hydrogen nozzle (62) that engine cylinder covers with hydrogen pump (41), storage hydrogen tube (53), hydrogen pressure maintaining valve (59); Or join with mixer on the carbureted engine air inlet pipe; At the top of catalyst chamber (16) capping (20) is housed; Capping (20) but in loading catalyst, be welded with threaded line pipe on capping (20) hole and can insert temperature control thermocouple (18), the lead of temperature control thermocouple is connected with the temperature control electronic instrument; Catalyst chamber (16) bottom is filled with wire gauze and magnet ring, catalyst chamber (16) in and the space of boring a hole between tubulation (17) outer wall be filled with pure catalyst for cracking.
Be welded with pure fuel inlet pipe interface (21) at the top of the hot cell of vaporizing (26), the outer end of pure fuel inlet pipe interface (21) joins with pure storage bin (49), pure input pipe (46).
Vaporized hot cell (26) and catalyst chamber (16) adopts copper, corrosion-resistant steel or corrosiron material, is fully enclosed circular cylindrical shell, and it is rounded cellular to be uniformly distributed with perforation tubulation (17,23) on its front and back panel.
The hydrogen feedstock of hydrogen engine (31) is an alcohols, mainly is aqueous methanol, ethanol, mixed alcohol or does not have the sulphur hydro carbons, and its pure water ratio is 1: 0-1.17.
The alcohol be made up of bottom intubate (52), electromagnetic valve (51), alcohol pipe (50) return-flow system of cracking again is housed between pure storage bin (49) and storage hydrogen tube (53).
In the storage hydrogen fine stiller (W) in storage hydrogen tube (53) tube hydrogen storage material is housed, can be by choosing any one kind of them in platinum, palladium, Ti-Ni alloy, activated carbon, the nano carbon fiber hydrogen storage material.
Principle of work: the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile is by car chassis (I), automobile case, bearing circle, wheel (IV), drg, driving engine, alternating current dynamo (II), battery pack (III); Fuel Tank, control circuit (66) and each control cock that is connected with the control circuit lead are formed; It is characterized in that being equipped with in the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile hydrogen engine (comprising pure cracking hydrogen generator of coupling), the output line of its automotive battery group (III) is connected driven alternator (32) running generating provides electric energy and thermal source with the special-purpose DC motor (33) of cold start-up to the cold start-up electric heater in the pure cracking hydrogen production producer.When automotive battery group power shortage; Available hydrogen or oil drive vehicle-mounted special-purpose alternating current generator (32) running generating, power supply as engine fuel; To the heating that heats up of the electric heater of pure cracking hydrogen generator, can make it reach the necessary design temperature of producer reformation hydrogen production fast with interior at three minutes like this.The freeing pipe UNICOM of hydrogen engine pure cracking hydrogen generator (hereinafter to be referred as reaction vessel) and bypassing exhaust valve; Join with muffler tail pipe again; The hydrogen delivery pipe of alcohol cracking hydrogen generator and the hydrogen nozzle of hydrogen engine inlet end join, and the pure input pipe and the pure storage bin of pure cracking hydrogen generator join; Alcohol cracking hydrogen generator is made up of exterior pure storage bin, storage hydrogen tube, pure input pipe, hydrogen delivery pipe, control cock, hydrogen pump, pressure maintaining valve and control circuit, pure input pipe one termination alcohol storage bin, and the other end and pure cracking hydrogen generator input end join; Hydrogen delivery pipe one end and pure cracking hydrogen generator mouth join, and the other end joins with storage hydrogen tube; Between hydrogen delivery pipe and hydrogen engine inlet end hydrogen nozzle join, a hydrogen pressure maintaining valve is housed.
The freeing pipe of hydrogen engine is exhaust air inlet pipe and exhaust shunt tube at the outside bifurcated of pure cracking hydrogen generator; The bypassing exhaust valve is housed, exhaust passage joint, muffler tail pipe is housed in exhaust shunt tube in cylindrical shape alcohol cracking hydrogen generator inside; Exhausting silencer hole, exhausting silencer pipe, noise silencer through hole dividing plate, hush tube, noise elimination dividing plate, catalyst chamber and the hot cell of vaporizing; Wherein catalyst chamber and vaporizing communicates through cross over pipe between the hot cell; Catalyst chamber is equipped with the cold start-up electric heater with the bottom, hot cell of vaporizing, and catalyst chamber is equipped with temperature control thermocouple, hydrogen delivery pipe interface and pure fuel inlet pipe interface with the top, hot cell of vaporizing; The top flange of catalyst chamber covers the hydrogen delivery pipe interface that is welded with pure cracking hydrogen; Hydrogen delivery pipe interface is connected with the hydrogen nozzle that engine cylinder covers with hydrogen pump, storage hydrogen tube, hydrogen pressure maintaining valve (59); Perhaps with the carbureted engine air inlet pipe on mixer join, at the top of catalyst chamber (16) capping is housed, but capping in loading catalyst; Be welded with threaded line pipe on the capping hole and can insert the temperature control thermocouple; The lead of temperature control thermocouple is connected with the temperature control electronic instrument, and catalyst chamber bottom is filled with wire gauze and magnet ring, in catalyst chamber and the space between the perforation tubulation outer wall be filled with pure catalyst for cracking; Be welded with pure fuel inlet pipe interface at the top in the hot cell of vaporizing, the outer end of pure fuel inlet pipe interface joins with pure storage bin, pure input pipe; Vaporized hot cell and catalyst chamber adopts copper, corrosion-resistant steel or corrosiron material, is fully enclosed circular cylindrical shell, and it is rounded cellular to be uniformly distributed with the perforation tubulation on its front and back panel; The hydrogen feedstock of hydrogen engine is an alcohols, mainly is aqueous methanol, ethanol, mixed alcohol or does not have the sulphur hydro carbons, and its pure water ratio is 1: 0-1.17; The alcohol be made up of bottom intubate, electromagnetic valve, the alcohol pipe return-flow system of cracking again is housed between pure storage bin and storage hydrogen tube; In the storage hydrogen fine stiller (W) in the storage hydrogen tube tube hydrogen storage material is housed, can be by choosing any one kind of them in platinum, palladium, Ti-Ni alloy, activated carbon, the nano carbon fiber hydrogen storage material; The cold start-up electric heater is electromagnetism or infrared radiation heater; Power is 1.5～3KW, when pure cracking hydrogen generator cracking temperature reaches 200 ℃-300 ℃, can carry out the aqueous alcohol reformation hydrogen production; Wherein the catalyst activity component is main with nickel, copper metal, abundant raw material.The reaction formula of its reformation hydrogen production is following:
2C
2H
5OH+3H
2O-----7H
2+2CO
2+CO+CH
4
2C
2H
5OH+H
2O-----3H
2+CO
2+CO+2CH
4
2C
2H
5OH-----3CH
4+CO
2
C
2H
5OH-----H
2+CO+CH
4
C
2H
5OH+2H
2O-----2H
2+CO
2+CH
4
CH
4+2H
2O-----4H2+CO
2
C
2H
5OH+3H
2O-----6H
2+2CO
2
Above reaction descriptions utilizes aqueous alcohols to be raw material reformation hydrogen production, the hydrogen-rich gas (H that is produced
2, CH
4, CO
2, CO, CH
3OCH
3) can all introduce driving engine and act as a fuel CH wherein
4, CO
2Hydrogen engine there is the remarkable effect that suppresses detonation, thereby has solved the international headache of the relevant detonation of hydrogen engine.
In order to adapt to the needs that the new and old energy replaces, make the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile have popularity and practicality, can be fuel still with gasoline, diesel oil, its tractive performance and former machine are identical.When the driving engine cold start, do not have alcohol, a no hydrogen feed or when the accumulator jar power shortage under steam; Be that available fuel oil start the engine drives special-purpose vehicle ac generate (32) generating, reach necessary heat of catalytically reforming hydrogen producing and temperature for pure cracking hydrogen generator heating provides the electric power thermal source to be rapidly heated.
The present invention and existing international hybrid vehicle compared with techniques have following outstanding advantage:
1,100% generation of hydrogen (alcohol) combustion greatly improves the combustion efficiency of modern engine.It and electrical motor combination power, the electrical motor discharging is zero.Alcohols is a regenerative resource, is fuel with alcohol (hydrogen), and its terminal discharging is aqueous vapor.
2, the dependence to oil resources has fundamentally been broken away from alcohol (hydrogen) 100% generation combustion.Can implement fuel oil and mix hydrogen for adapting to practical demand that the new and old energy replaces, alcohol (hydrogen) is adjustable at random to the alternative amount 0-100% of fuel oil.General automotive engine utilizes the present technique scheme can realize that alcohol (hydrogen) is more than 80% to the average of fuel oil for the combustion amount when normal operation, when no pure feed, can oil be fuel still.
3, the alcohols mature production technology is with low cost, and sugarcane, corn, sugar grass, cassava, go mouldy grain and a large amount of biomass straw etc. all are inexhaustible, the nexhaustible renewable resources of production first, ethanol.
4, because hydrogen engine is to be fuel with hydrogen, when the driving engine middle-low load working condition, has higher heat efficiency (doubling), if it is better to realize that gasoline is mixed the hydrogen energy-saving effect than fuel engines heat efficiency.Therefore hydrogen engine has enlarged the field of application of complete machine optimum condition, thereby has reduced the conversion loss to motor and accumulator charging & discharging energy, alleviates the weight and size of generator set, reduces production costs.
5, the life cycle of international hybrid vehicle was extended to more than 120 years by 20 years.
6, utilize engine exhaust heat suitable equally with principle, technology and the method for car hydrogen manufacturing, hydrogen supply for FC-EV to the alcohol catalysis cracking.Meanwhile; Utilize present technique can also be widely used in locomotive, steamer, speedboat and aircraft and firepower thermoelectric power generating station, green building, solar power, wind energy, biomass straw, biogas, garbage power station and from fields such as net generatings; Promote the raising and the cost of heat efficiency to reduce, reach the purpose of environmental protection, low-carbon (LC) generating.
Description of drawings:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment shown in the drawings content of the present invention is done detailed description.But content of the present invention is not limited to the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
The structural representation of Fig. 1 hydrogen cell mixed power automobile of the present invention.
Fig. 1 has parallel connection type hybrid power system; Mixed power electric car difference with present application; (hydrogen engine is not done any change to the agent structure of original fuel engines just to have replaced the regular fuel driving engine with hydrogen engine (31); Only use hydrogen control valve---the hydrogen nozzle replaces the fuel nozzle Feed system); Remaining motor (II), battery pack (III) combining and configuring, and relevant cold-starting automobile and propulsive effort co-operative control etc. are basic identical with the structure of modern oil electric mixed dynamic automobile.
The structural representation of Fig. 2 alcohol cracking hydrogen generator and noise silencer.
Fig. 3 be in the pure cracking hydrogen generator shown in Figure 2 (1) vaporization the cut-away view of hot cell (26) A-A direction structure.
Fig. 4 is the cut-away view of catalyst chamber (16) the B-B direction structure in the pure cracking hydrogen generator shown in Figure 2 (1).
Fig. 5 is the cut-away view of the noise silencer C-C direction structure in the pure cracking hydrogen generator shown in Figure 2 (1).
Fig. 2,3,4, the 5th, key equipment of the present invention---pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) structural representation.Modern hydrogen engine (producing 750HL in-cylinder direct-jet hydrogen engine like BMW AG) structure member only is connected in series a pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) without any change on freeing pipe (2) road, have two kinds of functions of pure cracking hydrogen production and noise silencer.It is to utilize engine exhaust heat (electro heat is as the supplemental heat source of the intensification of reaction bed cold conditions, constant temperature); At first fuel alcohol is carried out catalytic pyrolysis; Alcohols is converted into hydrogen, uses hydrogen (3H2+CO2, CH4) then, drive running car as engine fuel.
Pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) in Fig. 6 hydrogen engine of the present invention carries out hydrogen manufacturing, hydrogen supply, and the flow scheme of fast hydrogen making hydrogen supply during the engine cold-start state.
The specific embodiment
The present invention alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (containing electric heater) 1 hydrogen manufacturing, hydrogen-feeding system parts include: the hydrogen pump 41 of hydrogen engine 31, automobile DC motor 33, alternating current generator 32, pure cracking hydrogen generator (containing electric heater) 1, pure storage bin 49, pure pump 47, low pressure, storage hydrogen tube 53 (storage hydrogen fine stiller W), control cock 57; Compositions such as pressure maintaining valve 59, hydrogen control valve-hydrogen nozzle 62, electromagnetic valve 51 and computer ECU control circuit 66.
For impelling automotive engine to be rapidly heated in cold start-up time alcohol cracking hydrogen generator 1 catalytic bed; Reach the operating temperature of pure cracking hydrogen production; In the catalyst chamber 16 and 26 bottoms, hot cell of vaporizing cold start-up electric heater 24 is housed; Cold start-up electric heater 24 can be electromagnetic heater or infrared radiation heater, and the thermal source electric energy of its consumption can be drawn 32 generatings of dc powered DC motor 33 drive alternating current generators by battery pack and provided.When the battery power deficiency, when storage hydrogen tube storage is not enough; In order to adapt to the automotive engine quick operated start; And in driving, under the varying load condition electric heater in the pure cracking hydrogen generator is carried out the needs that safety heats; The start the engine that can use gasoline for the fuel drives alternating current generator 32 generatings, to the electric heater in the pure cracking hydrogen generator electric power and thermal source is provided.The waste gas residual heat that driving engine capable of using is discharged in the going of automobile like this; Electrically heated thermal source capable of using again carries out reformation hydrogen production realizes stablizing hydrogen supply to driving engine needs in the bed temperature target that makes the reaction vessel bed temperature in three to five minutes, reach setting under the mutual action of two kinds of thermals source simultaneously.And according to the demarcation of the intensification of pure cracking hydrogen generator, constant temperature, limit temperature by the thermocouple transmission signals, ECU is controlled by computer.
Vaporized hot cell 26 is with copper, corrosion-resistant steel or corrosiron material with catalyst chamber 16, is fully enclosed circular cylindrical shell, and it is rounded cellular to be uniformly distributed with the tubulation 17,23 of boring a hole on its front and back panel.Vaporized hot cell 26 and catalyst chamber 16 bottoms through cross over pipe 25 connections, and catalyst chamber 16 bottoms are filled with wire gauze and magnet ring.In catalyst chamber 16 and the space between perforation tubulation 17 outer walls be filled with pure catalyst for cracking.
Be welded with pure fuel inlet pipe interface 21 at the top in the hot cell 26 of vaporizing.The conveying pipeline 46 of its outer end and pure storage bin 49 joins.
The top flange of catalyst chamber 16 covers and is welded with pure cracked gas (containing hydrogen rich gas) delivery pipe interface 19; It is connected with the hydrogen nozzle 62 that engine cylinder covers with the hydrogen pump 41 of low pressure, storage hydrogen tube 53, pressure maintaining valve 59 (or join figure last mark with mixer on the carbureted engine air inlet pipe).At the top of catalyst chamber 16 capping 20 being arranged, is to use for loading catalyst.Be welded with threaded line pipe on capping 20 holes and can insert thermocouple 18.Thermocouple wire and temperature control electronic instrument join through lead.
In order to improve the efficient of 1 pair of pure cracking of pure cracking hydrogen generator, in pure cracking system, be provided with pure liquid cracking circuit system again.Handle having without the condensed alcohol hydrops of cracking in the storage hydrogen tube 53.When condensed pure hydrops reaches certain storage; Electronic controller instruction unpack control cock 51 in the control circuit 66, then store be in the hydrogen tube 53 high-voltage pure hydrops promptly through end intubate 52, control cock 51, alcohol pipe 50, return in the pure storage bin 49 that is in low pressure.
Embodiment: before the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile begins to start; At first cold start-up electric heater 24 power supplys in the pure cracking hydrogen generator 1 are connected in the instruction of the electronic controller in the control circuit 66; For the hot cell 26 of vaporizing is rapidly heated to heat with catalyst chamber 16 catalytic beds heat is provided, under 30-50 kilowatt of subsequent use condition of abundance of the battery pack electric weight on the mixed power electric car, after temperature reached predetermined value in three minutes; The automatic instrument(s) of control circuit 66 instructs pure pump 47 to start; Alcohol fuel gets into vaporizing chamber 26 intensification vaporizations by pure fuel inlet pipe interface 21, passes wire gauze through cross over pipe 25, gets into catalyst chamber 16; Make pure steam contact and pass catalytic bed with catalyst and carry out catalytic pyrolysis; Be converted into pure cracked gas (gas that contains Fu Qing, main component are H2, CO, CO2), after hydrogen pump 41 pressurization 8-12MPa purify through storage hydrogen fine stiller (W), be stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder 53 again.At last according to automotive engine driving cycle needs, under the computer instruction in control circuit 66, hydrogen is directly sprayed in the cylinder as engine fuel through hydrogen nozzle 62, drive running car.When in case the catalytic bed temperature of catalyst chamber 16 reaches predetermined value in the pure cracking hydrogen generator 1 after 200 ℃-300 ℃; Necessary temperature of pure cracking hydrogen production work and heat are carried out with catalyst chamber 16 in vaporized hot cell 26, and the using waste heat from tail gas that complete hydrogen engine 31 capable of using is discharged is supplied with sustainedly and stably.At this moment, control circuit 66 can instruct and cut off battery pack (III) power supply, and cold start-up electric heater 24 quits work.Here it is uses pure cracking hydrogen production, is the working process of the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile of fuel with hydrogen.And the tail gas of discharging carries out noise elimination noise reduction in the passage that hush tube 11,13 is advanced; Meanwhile to hot cell 26 and the catalyst chamber 16 housing outer walls of vaporizing, perforation tubulation 17,23 inwalls are heated to be catalytic bed provides heat.Because pure cracking process is the endothermic reaction, need consume and discharge the entrained a large amount of waste heats of tail gas, so promptly reduce the temperature and pressure of discharging tail gas, can work in coordination with noise silencer 11,13 again and further reduce by discharging the noise that tail gas produced.When thermocouple signal transmission catalytic bed temperature surpasses predetermined value, influence activity and life-span for avoiding catalyst overheating, the automatic instrument(s) instruction bypassing exhaust valve 6 in the control circuit 66; Some directly gets into exhaust shunt tube 8 in the high-temperature tail gas of discharging, and discharges through muffler tail pipe 22.
In the place that 220 volts of source of ACs are arranged, the present invention can directly adopt the external AC power supply mode, and heating alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (1) reaction vessel lets pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) reach operating temperature, pure cracking hydrogen production under cold start.
The present invention can use computer ECU (Electronic Control Unit) electronic controller; The demarcation transmission signals of pure cracking hydrogen generator 1 intensification that the preassembled sensor of foundation/thermocouple obtains, constant temperature, limit temperature; Directly drive alternating current generator 32 generatings with automotive engine; For the cold start-up electric heater 24 in the pure cracking hydrogen generator 1 of cooling carries out electro heat, realize goal of the invention.
The cracking operating temperature of the present invention's alcohol cracking hydrogen generator 1 is at the 250-300 degree, and the highest temperature of pure cracking hydrogen generator 1 is below 550 ℃.
By the thermocouple transmission signals, computer ECU (Electronic Control Unit) electronic control unit is claimed " car running computer ", " vehicle-mounted computer " etc. again according to the demarcation of the intensification of pure cracking hydrogen generator, constant temperature, limit temperature.Say it then is the automobile microcomputerized controller from purposes, also be the automobile micro controller system.It is the same with common micro controller system, by large-scale integration circuiies such as microprocessor (CPU), memory device (ROM,, RAM), input/output interface (I/O), A and D converter (A/D) and shaping, driving form control.
It is connected in series a pure cracking hydrogen generator the present invention on the hydrogen engine bleeder line; Its exhaust heat capable of using (and with electro heat supplemental heat source) as the intensification of the cold conditions of pure cracking hydrogen generator reaction bed, constant temperature; With the alcohol catalysis cracking with car hydrogen manufacturing; And institute's hydrogen producing is turned round as engine fuel, drive running car and generator for electricity generation with this, and the user is supplied power.When combination drives automobile with electrical motor, can reach minimum discharge or zero-emission level.And the system raw polyol is abundant, and it all is reproducible resources that sugarcane, corn, Chinese sorghum, cassava etc. are arranged, inexhaustible.The raw material alcohols of said hydrogen manufacturing can be 50 ° of-65 ° of aqueous methanol or ethanol, and manufacturing process is simple, and is with low cost.The storage of liquid alcohol, transportation and network provisioning are also fool proof and convenient.Realization has that cost is low, heat efficiency is high, structure more rationally, can become reproducible, low hydrocarbon cell mixed power automobile with the mixed power electric car combinations matches.
1-alcohol cracking hydrogen generator; The 2-freeing pipe; The 20-capping; 21-alcohol fuel inlet pipe interface; The 22-muffler tail pipe; The 23-tubulation of boring a hole; 24-cold start-up electric heater; The 25-cross over pipe; The 26-hot cell of vaporizing; 3-tail gas air inlet pipe; 31-hydrogen engine (the band alternating current generator); The 32-alternating current generator; The 33-DC motor; 4-exhausting silencer pipe; 41-hydrogen pump 2; 46-alcohol input pipe; 47-alcohol pump; The 48-control cock; 49-alcohol storage bin; 5-exhausting silencer hole; 50-alcohol pipe; The 51-control cock; 52-bottom intubate; 53-storage hydrogen tube; 55-hydrogen delivery pipe; The 57-control cock; 58-hydrogen delivery pipe; The 59-pressure maintaining valve; 6-bypassing exhaust valve; 7-exhaust dish valve; 62-hydrogen nozzle; The 66-control circuit; The 8-exhaust shunt tube; 9-noise silencer through hole dividing plate; 10-exhaust passage joint; 11,13-hush tube; 12,14,15-noise elimination dividing plate; The 16-catalyst chamber; The 17-tubulation of boring a hole; 18-temperature control thermocouple; 19-hydrogen delivery pipe interface, the I-car chassis; The II-motor; The III-battery pack; The IV-wheel.
Claims (10)
1. hydrogen cell mixed power automobile is by car chassis (I), automobile case, bearing circle, wheel (IV), drg, driving engine, motor (II), automotive battery group (III); Fuel Tank, control circuit (66) and each control cock that is connected with control circuit (66) lead are formed; It is characterized in that being equipped with in the hydrogen cell mixed power automobile hydrogen engine (31); The output line of its automotive battery group (III) is connected with DC motor (33); DC motor (33) drives alternating current generator (32) generating; Provide/export the energy and electric power for the cold start-up electric heater (24) in the pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) is connected, the freeing pipe (2) of hydrogen engine (31) is connected with pure cracking hydrogen generator (1), joins with muffler tail pipe (22) through bypassing exhaust valve (6) again; The hydrogen delivery pipe (58) of alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (1) joins with the hydrogen nozzle (62) of hydrogen engine (31) inlet end, and the pure input pipe (46) of pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) joins with pure storage bin (49);
Perhaps use computer ECU (Electronic Control Unit) electronic controller; The demarcation transmission signals of pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) intensification that obtains according to sensor/thermocouple, constant temperature, limit temperature; Directly drive alternating current generator (32) generating, for the cold start-up electric heater (24) in the pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) of cooling carries out electro heat with automotive engine;
Perhaps artificial external 220 volts of source of ACs directly are cold start-up electric heater (24) heating in the pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) under the state of cooling.
2. according to claims 1 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobile, it is characterized in that cold start-up electric heater (24) is electromagnetic heater or infrared radiation heater, power is 1.5～3KW, and pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) cracking temperature is 200 ℃-300 ℃.
3. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles; It is characterized in that pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) is made up of exterior pure storage bin (49), storage hydrogen tube (53), pure input pipe (46), hydrogen delivery pipe (40,55,58), control cock (48,51,57), hydrogen pump (41), pressure maintaining valve (59) and control circuit (66); Alcohol input pipe (46) one terminations alcohol storage bin (49), the other end and pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) input end join; Hydrogen delivery pipe (40) one ends and pure cracking hydrogen generator (1) mouth join, and the other end joins with storage hydrogen tube (53); Between hydrogen delivery pipe (58) and hydrogen engine (31) inlet end hydrogen nozzle (62) join, a hydrogen pressure maintaining valve (59) is housed.
4. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles; The freeing pipe (2) that it is characterized in that hydrogen engine (31) is exhaust air inlet pipe (3) and exhaust shunt tube (8) at the outside bifurcated of pure cracking hydrogen generator (1); Bypassing exhaust valve (6) is housed, exhaust passage joint (10), muffler tail pipe (22) is housed in exhaust shunt tube (8) in cylindrical shape alcohol cracking hydrogen generator (1) inside; Exhausting silencer hole (5), exhausting silencer pipe (4), noise silencer through hole dividing plate (9), hush tube (11,13), noise elimination dividing plate (12,14,15), catalyst chamber (16) and the hot cell of vaporizing (26); Wherein communicate through cross over pipe (25) between catalyst chamber (16) and the hot cell of vaporizing (26); Cold start-up electric heater (24) is equipped with in catalyst chamber (16) and the hot cell of vaporizing (26) bottom, and temperature control thermocouple (18), hydrogen delivery pipe interface (19) and pure fuel inlet pipe interface (21) are equipped with in catalyst chamber (16) and top, the hot cell of vaporizing (26).
5. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles; The top flange that it is characterized in that catalyst chamber (16) covers the hydrogen delivery pipe interface (19) that is welded with pure cracking hydrogen; Hydrogen delivery pipe interface (19) is connected with the hydrogen nozzle (62) that engine cylinder covers with hydrogen pump (41), storage hydrogen tube (53), hydrogen pressure maintaining valve (59); Or join with mixer on the carbureted engine air inlet pipe, at the top of catalyst chamber (16) capping (20) is housed, capping (20) but in loading catalyst; Be welded with threaded line pipe on capping (20) hole and can insert temperature control thermocouple (18); The lead of temperature control thermocouple is connected with the temperature control electronic instrument, and catalyst chamber (16) bottom is filled with wire gauze and magnet ring, catalyst chamber (16) in and the space of boring a hole between tubulation (17) outer wall be filled with pure catalyst for cracking.
6. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles, it is characterized in that being welded with pure fuel inlet pipe interface (21) at the top of the hot cell of vaporizing (26), the outer end of pure fuel inlet pipe interface (21) joins with pure storage bin (49), pure input pipe (46).
7. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles; It is characterized in that vaporizing hot cell (26) and catalyst chamber (16) adopts copper, corrosion-resistant steel or corrosiron material; Be fully enclosed circular cylindrical shell, be uniformly distributed with on its front and back panel the perforation tubulation (17,23) rounded cellular.
8. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles, the hydrogen feedstock that it is characterized in that hydrogen engine (31) is an alcohols, mainly is aqueous methanol, ethanol, mixed alcohol or does not have the sulphur hydro carbons, and its pure water ratio is 1: 0-1.17.
9. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles, it is characterized in that between pure storage bin (49) and storage hydrogen tube (53), being equipped with the alcohol formed by bottom intubate (52), electromagnetic valve (51), alcohol pipe (50) return-flow system of cracking again.
10. according to claims 1 or 2 described hydrogen cell mixed power automobiles, it is characterized in that storing in the storage hydrogen fine stiller (W) in hydrogen tube (53) tube hydrogen storage material is housed, can be by choosing any one kind of them in platinum, palladium, Ti-Ni alloy, activated carbon, the nano carbon fiber hydrogen storage material.
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| CN108252796A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-07-06 | 汪连成 | A kind of hydrogen-rich power assembly generating equipment and the electricity-generating method using the equipment |
| CN110422823A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-08 | 王海东 | A kind of electromagnetic induction heating device for producing hydrogen |
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