Two, technical background: the abuse of forbidding veterinary drug in animal husbandry and culture fishery, remain the significant problem that people worry, also be one of key factor of animal derived food source pollution.In aquaculture, its feeding process, the illegal use of forbidding veterinary drug Ractopamine, clenobuterol hydrochloride (" clenbuterol hydrochloride "), diethylstilbestrol, furazolidone, methaqualone, chlorpromazine, chloromycetin etc. is to cause products such as shrimp, crab, fish, pig, fowl to become one of key factor of non-safe food.Food security is the elementary guarantee of people's life security, concerning the people's health and social stability, is the big problem that involves the interests of the state and the people.China's food security supervision at present enters the critical stage of " it is difficult to assault fortified position brokenly ", need to set up and improve the detection method standards system of China, some forbidden drug residue detection also there are not national standard or industry standard at present, sometimes be difficult to these the residual enforcement effective monitorings in the food, cause domestic animal products and aquatic products can not export because of residual the exceeding standard of forbidding medicine, external residual exceeding standard because of we can not detect import, the harm people are healthy.At present problem demanding prompt solution is, how with simple technical method dish on country fair, the wholesale market and meat to be carried out fast detecting, and in time finds and handle problems.
As feed addictive, animals such as the pig of feeding, chicken, ox, sheep, rabbit, duck produce many dangerous meat products to clenobuterol hydrochloride (being commonly called as clenbuterol hydrochloride) by illegally, have brought very big harm for people's health.Because we develop " clenbuterol hydrochloride " quick detection test paper bar, have produced huge deterrent effect in applying process, therefore, the illegal use of " clenbuterol hydrochloride " has obtained effective control.But " clenbuterol hydrochloride " quick detection test paper bar can't detect the residual of Ractopamine, therefore, along with applying of " clenbuterol hydrochloride " quick detection test paper bar, the illegal use of " clenbuterol hydrochloride " gradually reduces, and the illegal application of the substitute Ractopamine of " clenbuterol hydrochloride " increases gradually.Farming is done and is herded file [2004] No. 70, the whole nation feeding quality safety monitoring second half year in 2004 result's circular: 2824 batches of " feed/water ", the pig urine samples in detection breeding enterprise (family) and slaughterhouse, detect 55 batches of illegal drugs such as containing Clenizole Hydrochloride and Ractopamine, illegal drug recall rate 1.95%.Wherein, 28 batches in pig urine that Ractopamine is positive and swine feed sample, contain 2 batches of the pig feed of Clenizole Hydrochloride and urine samples, compared with 2003, the illegal drug recall rate rises to some extent, and main cause is to add other illegal drug phenomenons such as Ractopamine, diazepam to increase.The circular of Zhejiang Province Department of Agriculture: in 2005 first half of the year, Zhejiang Province Department of Agriculture has carried out routine monitor to the pig-breeding field of the whole province and the live pig urine sample in slaughterhouse.The monitoring personnel have randomly drawed 330 parts of urine samples of 105 tame pig-breeding fields altogether, and Clenizole Hydrochloride (" clenbuterol hydrochloride ") positive rate is that 0.6% (2 examples are positive) Ractopamine positive rate is 2.7% (9 examples is positive).At the residue detection of Ractopamine, Shanghai City Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision had issued literary composition (2005) No. 64 in 2005, formulated the provincial standard that detects Ractopamine, but China did not still have unified examination criteria at present.
Ractopamine belongs to similar chemical synthetic drug with " clenbuterol hydrochloride ", all belong to receptor, activator (beta-2-agonists), heavy dose is fed and is caused animal tissue residual, the toxicity symptom symptom mainly shows as: the harmony of destroying quick muscle fiber and slow switch fibers, arrhythmia cordis, tachycardia, myalgia, walking is unstable, dizziness headache, nauseating, vomiting, symptoms such as muscle does not independently tremble, even be in peril of one's life, long-term excessive absorption can be put aside poisoning, causes the possibility of chromosome aberration in addition.On March 25th, 1997, China Ministry of Agriculture has issued " about forbidding illegally to use the notice of veterinary drug ", forbids medicines such as beta-2-agonists are used as the promoting animal growth agent.On March 5th, 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture has issued " veterinary drug and other compound inventories of food animal forbidding ", and Ractopamine is listed, and requires to use the illegal activities of forbidden drug sternly to hit to illegal in production of fodder, operation, use and the animal drinking water.The Ractopamine conventional detection mainly contains high pressure lipuid chromatography (HPLC), vapor-phase chromatography, makings logotype method and ELISA etc.Chromatographic technique is very effective, accurate, responsive method, but sample to be checked needs through a series of pre-service, and is loaded down with trivial details time-consuming, needs 2~3 day time from sample pretreatment at least to drawing assay, and testing cost is very high.This on the other hand detection method also must have expensive instrument and equipment.Have only specific professional to use, and each sample that detects is limited, the examination of incompatibility gross sample has seriously hindered applying of this detection method, does not more fit into field test.ELISA also is a kind of detection technique commonly used, and it is to serve as to detect principle with competitiveness enzyme-linked reaction, detects overall process and needs 2-4 hour approximately.Because ELISA is the very strong detection method of a kind of susceptibility, different operators tends to occur different results, so this method usually causes artificial flase drop and omission.Therefore in actual production, be badly in need of a kind of detection method of fast detecting Ractopamine.Present Food Inspection department at different levels and foreign export unit all strengthen the inspecting force to Ractopamine, are able to eat quality-assured meat to guarantee the people.Therefore development is sensitive, fast, and Ractopamine detection method accurately detects and whether contains Ractopamine in domestic animal tissue and the feed crucial meaning is arranged.
Three, utility model content:
The purpose of this utility model: develop special, responsive, quick, easy test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue.
The technical solution of the utility model: a kind of test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue; containing bottom is supporting layer; the middle layer adsorbed layer is fixed on the supporting layer; outer protective layer is fixed on the adsorbed layer; adsorbed layer is followed successively by fibrage from test lead; ADSORPTION OF GOLD labeling antibody fibrage; the absorbent material layer of cellulose rete and handle end; wherein the orthoscopic that the carrier protein solution of useful coupling Ractopamine is printed on the cellulose rete detects trace; with the orthoscopic contrast trace that goat-anti or the anti-mouse IgG of rabbit solution are printed, detecting trace is " || " with the parallel assembled arrangement of contrast trace.
The supporting layer lamella hard plastic slip that does not absorb water, or the cardboard bar that does not absorb water is made.
The test lead fibrage is made the preferred glass cotton with glass wool or nylon membrane or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or polyester film.Absorbent material layer is made with thieving paper.
Cellulose rete nitrocellulose filter or pure cellulose film, or the carboxylation cellulose membrane is made.
The gold labeling antibody fibrage golden labeling antibody glass wool of absorption Ractopamine, Ractopamine gold labeling antibody is the monoclonal antibody or the polyclonal antibody of colloid gold label Ractopamine, and the carrier protein solution of coupling Ractopamine is the composite solution of Ractopamine and carrier protein couplet.
On test lead adsorbing fiber layer, golden labeling antibody fibrage and absorbent material layer, be coated with diaphragm; on the test lead fibrage diaphragm corresponding, be printed with the sample mark line, the about 0.5cm of this mark line deflection test lead fibrage one side place with golden labeling antibody fibrage intersection.
The carrier protein of coupling Ractopamine is bovine serum albumin(BSA) (BSA), or is the pure albumen of ovum gallinaceum (OVA), or is ferritin, or is hemocyanin.
Test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue of the present utility model has the following advantages:
(1) high specificity, the susceptibility height.RA quick detection test paper bar is that the basis is prepared from the monoclonal antibody (W1) of colloid gold label high-affinity, no covalent bond formation between gold grain and the antibody molecule in the gold labeling antibody, the two combines by the Van der Waals force between the charges of different polarity, the collaurum mark is very little to monoclonal antibody (W1) specificity and affinity influence, and has higher mark rate.Therefore, the quick detection test paper bar has higher specificity and susceptibility, and the micro-RA that can detect 0.1 nanogram is residual.
(2) easy and simple to handle quick.Need not any other reagent when using the utility model test strips, as long as be inserted into sample to be checked about 10 seconds, was the decidable testing result in 2 minutes.
(3) result shows image, directly perceived, accurate.The utility model test paper slip is to show that rufous " | " and " || " trace are as the positive and the negative marker that detect, showing on cellulose membrane promptly that a brownish red " | " trace is illustrated in the detected sample liquid contains RA, article two, brownish red " || " trace is illustrated in and does not contain RA in the test sample, the result judges image, directly perceived, accurate, simple and clear, be not prone to the erroneous judgement of false negative and false positive.
(4) cost is low, small investment.Use the quick detection test paper bar, do not need to join in addition instrument and equipment and other reagent, detect whenever and wherever possible, expense is cheap, saves a large amount of expensive instruments and cost of equipment.
(5) applied range, easy to utilize.The utility model quick detection test paper is simple to operate, can satisfy different levels personnel's needs, comprise that professional chemical examination, customs quarantine control, health and epidemic prevention, quality monitoring, livestock products processing, intensive culture arrive individual breed etc., have vast market prospect and bigger economical, societal benefits.
Five, embodiment:
Make test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue, at first need prepare carrier protein and the golden labeling antibody of coupling RA, thereby preparation detects trace and golden labeling antibody fiber; Secondly need preparation goat-anti or the anti-mouse IgG antibody of rabbit, be used for preparation contrast trace.
1. the coupling of Ractopamine RA and carrier protein Xi
Adopt carbodiimide method, diazotising method or glutaraldehyde method, RA and carrier protein are carried out coupling prepare immunizing antigen.The 5mg Ractopamine is dissolved in the watery hydrochloric acid (pH3.0) of precooling (2~8 ℃), adds 10mg sodium nitrite (weight ratio is 2: 1), the room temperature lucifuge stirred 6 hours, and solution colour becomes yellow.With the carrier bovine serum albumin, or pure albumen of ovum gallinaceum or ferritin, or hemocyanin is dissolved in the PBS damping fluid, adds in 25: 1 in molar ratio to go up in the reaction, and the greenhouse stirs and spends the night.Reactant liquor is got final product with the dialysis of PBS damping fluid.
2. the preparation of anti-Ractopamine RA monoclonal antibody (W1)
Carrier protein immunity BALB/c with 50 μ g~100 μ g/ coupling RA only is mouse three times, each 15~30 days at interval; Behind the booster immunization 3~4 days for the third time, with the bloodletting of immune mouse eyeball, draw neck to cause death, in 75% alcohol-pickled 5~10min, aseptic its splenocyte of getting; Shred and through 100 order nylon net filters, the centrifugal 10min of 1000r/min collects splenocyte; With 1 * 10
8Splenocyte and 2~5 * 10
7NSO plasmacytoma mixing with cells, 1000r/min is centrifugal, and 10min abandons supernatant, cell precipitation slowly adds 40~50%PEG4000 (pH 8.5~9.0) effect 1min of 0.7~1ml in 37 ℃ water-soluble, slowly add serum-free 1640 nutrient culture media 15ml then, to stop the effect of PEG, 37 ℃ of water-bath 5~10min, 1000r/min is centrifugal, and 10min abandons supernatant, cell precipitation is resuspended in HAT selects in the nutrient culture media, and add 96 well culture plates (100 μ l~200 μ l/ holes), place 37 ℃ of 5%CO
2Cultivate in the incubator.Cultivate after 7~10 days,, detect the culture supernatant of hybridoma, picking epistasis cell clone (OD with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the carrier protein coated elisa plate (40 holes/piece) of the coupling RA of 5 μ g~10 μ g/ml
492More than=0.8), carry out continuous three times limiting dilution assay cloning, the hybridoma chromosome number of being produced is 92~98, the monoclonal antibody of its secretion (W1) specifically with RA reaction, and not with other albumen generation cross reaction, affinity constant reaches 10
9~10, light chain subtype is κ or λ, the heavy chain hypotype is IgG
1, IgG
2a, IgG
2b, IgG
3, the monoclonal antibody (W1) at RA specific antigen determinant is used to prepare golden labeling antibody.
3. the preparation of Ractopamine RA gold labeling antibody (W1) and golden labeling antibody (W1) glass wool
Prepare aurosol with the sodium citrate reducing process, promptly in 0.01~0.05% aqueous solution of chloraurate of 50~100ml boiling, add 0.5~2% citric acid three sodium solution of 2~4ml, obtain the collaurum about diameter 15nm.K with 0.1mol/L
2CO
3Transfer collaurum pH to 8.5~9.5, place the aurosol that RA monoclonal antibody (M1) to be marked is added pH8.5~9.5 with 1: 1000~1300 mark ratio, behind the mark 10min, add 20%PEG10000 to final concentration 0.05%, 4 ℃, the centrifugal 20min of 1500~3000rpm, remove unconjugated colloid gold particle, 4 ℃, the centrifugal 1h of 15000rpm, abandon supernatant, after obtaining preliminary purification gold labeling antibody protein mixture, with propylene glucosan S-400 column chromatography, separation and purification gold mark albumen obtains RA colloid gold label antibody.With 1: the glue gold labelled antibody of (100~500) dilution is adsorbed in the processed glass cotton, 4 ℃ of low-temperature vacuum dryings, preparation RA gold labeling antibody cotton.
4. the preparation of the anti-mouse IgG of goat-anti or rabbit
Extract mice serum IgG with saturated ammonium sulfate, get 1 part of mice serum and add 2 parts of PBS (pH 7.2) mixing, add equal-volume saturated ammonium sulfate mixing, put 4 ℃ of refrigerator 2h, 4 ℃, the centrifugal 15min of 1200r/min abandon supernatant; With an amount of PBS (pH7.2) dissolution precipitation, add saturated ammonium sulfate to final concentration 33%, put 4 ℃ of refrigerator 2h, 4 ℃, the centrifugal 15min of 1200r/min, abandon supernatant, with a small amount of PBS (pH7.2) dissolution precipitation, put in 4 ℃ of refrigerators with PBS (pH7.2) dialyzed overnight, change liquid 2~3 times, 4 ℃, the centrifugal 15min of 12000r/min, collect supernatant, measure its protein concentration with ultraviolet spectrophotometer, with 50 μ g~100 μ g/kg body weight (mice serum IgG) through subcutaneous and intramuscular injection immune health sheep or rabbit 3~4 times, the last immunity is after 10 days, venous blood collection is measured its serum antibody titer more than 1: 2000 with ELISA, heart blood sampling or arteria carotis bloodletting, collect its hyper-immune serum, extract goat-anti or the anti-mouse IgG of rabbit (method is identical with extraction mice serum IgG, does not repeat) with saturated ammonium sulfate, be used for the preparation that the contrast of RA quick detection test paper bar shows trace.
5. Ractopamine RA quick detection test paper bar is implemented the detection reaction principle
After Ractopamine RA quick detection test paper bar sample end inserts detected sample solution, solution to be checked spreads to nitrocellulose filter together by the golden labeling antibody (W1) that siphon drives in RA to be checked and the golden labeling antibody cotton, and finally infiltrate in the handle end filter paper, in the diffusion process RA to be checked can with golden labeling antibody (W1) combine, and then seal the antigen-combining site that golden labeling antibody (W1) is gone up RA, stop the detection trace of the carrier protein (Xi) of coupling RA on golden labeling antibody (W1) and the cellulose membrane to combine, can not show the detection trace, the anti-mouse IgG of goat-anti or rabbit (Y) then can combine with golden labeling antibody (W1), form rufous contrast trace " | ", the i.e. positive mark of a rufous " | " trace, otherwise no RA then can not stop the carrier protein (Xi) of coupling RA on golden labeling antibody (W1) and the cellulose membrane to detect trace to combine in the sample solution, show that rufous detects trace " | ", same goat-anti or the anti-mouse IgG of rabbit (Y) also combine with golden labeling antibody (W1), show rufous contrast trace " | ", form the negative mark of two rufous " || ", if do not have the rufous mark to show on the cellulose membrane, show that then test strips lost efficacy.
6. Ractopamine RA quick detection test paper bar detecting operation method
The preparation of test sample liquid if detection meat or meat products can shred sample, grind, is made 1: 2~10 detected sample suspensions with physiology salt; If detect to as if egg or milk, can directly egg or milk be made 1: 2~10 detected sample suspensions with physiological saline; If as testing sample, then extract serum with the blood of animal, as testing sample, or the urine of directly getting animal is as test sample with serum.
RA quick detection test paper bar sample end is inserted in the detected sample liquid, and insertion depth is no more than mark line 9, takes out test strip after about 10 seconds, about 2 minutes of horizontal positioned, observations.
Testing result is judged: if there is a rufous mark " | " to show on cellulose membrane, expression is surveyed the inspection result and is positive, explanation contains RA in detected sample liquid, promptly this animal was fed and contained violated Ractopamine adjuvant feed, such animal flesh material and meat products can not circulate on market, the people has eaten above-mentioned meat will be unhealthful, even can poison by food.If the cellulose membrane on the RA quick detection test paper bar has two rufous marks " || ", the expression testing result is negative, promptly in sample to be checked, do not contain the Ractopamine composition, do not contain RA composition, edible safety in the result's that then is negative animal meat and the meat products.
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.1 is supporting layer among the figure, make with the plastic slice bar, 2 is the fibrage of specimen end, make with glass wool, 3 for being adsorbed with golden labeling antibody (W1) fibrage of Ractopamine RA, according to the preparation method described in the above-mentioned embodiment 3, preparation is adsorbed with golden labeling antibody (W1) glass wool of Ractopamine monoclonal antibody, 4 is the cellulose rete, present embodiment adopts nitrocellulose filter, and 5 is absorbent material layer, makes with absorbent filter, to number 2,3,4,5 each layers stick on the plastic slice bar 1 from left to right, the intersection fiber infiltration that crosses one another each other.On cellulose nitrate rete 4,6 for the carrier protein BSA solution with the coupling Ractopamine stamps detection trace " | ", and 7 for stamping contrast trace " | " with goat anti-mouse igg (Y) solution, and two trace bands are arranged in parallel and form combination trace band " || ".8-1 covers fibrage 2 and the white of the sample end above the golden labeling antibody fibrage 3 diaphragm; on the corresponding diaphragm 8-1 of 2 and 3 intersections position, be partial to glass wool 2 one side 0.5cm places and be printed on mark line 9; 9 right-hand member is printed on arrow and max printed words, is coated with other color (as yellow) diaphragm 8-2 on the water accepting layer 5 (handle end).The preparation of testing sample solution and detecting operation step, the detecting operation method with in the embodiment 6 does not repeat.
Embodiment two: test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue structure and embodiment one are basic identical, difference is: the cardboard bar that supporting layer 1 usefulness does not absorb water is made, test lead fibrage 2 is used nylon membrane, RA gold labeling antibody fibrage 3 is adsorbed with glue gold mark Ractopamine RA polyclonal antibody, cellulose rete 4 adopts the pure cellulose film, coupling RA carrier protein solution is ferritin in the stealthy detection trace band 6, and the anti-mouse IgG of stealthy contrast trace band 7 usefulness rabbits solution is prepared from cellulose membrane.
Other comprises that test sample preparation, method of operating and judgement as a result etc. all with the method for operating in the embodiment 6, do not repeat.
Embodiment three, test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue structure and embodiment one are basic identical, difference is: test lead adsorbing fiber layer 2 usefulness polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, cellulose rete 4 adopts the carboxylation cellulose membrane, coupling RA carrier protein solution is the pure albumen of ovum gallinaceum (OVA) in the stealthy detection trace band 6, and stealthy contrast trace band 7 usefulness goat anti-mouse igg solution are prepared from cellulose membrane.
Other comprises that test sample preparation, method of operating and judgement as a result etc. all with the detecting operation method in the embodiment 6, do not repeat.
Embodiment four: test peper strip for fast detection of Rct opamine residue structure and embodiment one are basic identical, and difference is: test lead adsorbing fiber layer 2 is used polyester film, and coupling RA carrier protein solution is hemocyanin in the stealthy detection trace band 6.
Other comprises that test sample preparation, method of operating and judgement as a result etc. all with the detecting operation method in the embodiment 6, do not repeat.