CN201032297Y - Pressurized Flat Panel Solar Collector - Google Patents
Pressurized Flat Panel Solar Collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN201032297Y CN201032297Y CNU2007200374081U CN200720037408U CN201032297Y CN 201032297 Y CN201032297 Y CN 201032297Y CN U2007200374081 U CNU2007200374081 U CN U2007200374081U CN 200720037408 U CN200720037408 U CN 200720037408U CN 201032297 Y CN201032297 Y CN 201032297Y
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
承压式平板太阳能集热器是一种将传统平板太阳能集热器进行改进,使既能以工作介质为水的传统太阳能热水器方式使用,又能够以制冷剂作为工作介质的直膨式太阳能热泵蒸发器使用,该太阳能集热器的上部为玻璃盖板(1),在玻璃盖板(1)的下部为聚碳酸酯透明盖板(2),在聚碳酸酯透明盖板(2)的下表面连接有小肋片(3),在聚碳酸酯透明盖板(2)的下部为吸热芯板(4),在吸热芯板(4)的上表面设有蜂窝结构材料(7),在吸热芯板(4)的下部为底部保温层(5),在底部保温层(5)中设有承压管道(6)。该太阳能集热器平板结构在没有设置储水箱的情况下能够与建筑很好的结合,实现建筑一体化。
The pressure-bearing flat-plate solar thermal collector is an improvement of a conventional flat-plate solar thermal collector so that it can be used in a conventional solar water heater mode with water as the working medium, and can also be used as a direct expansion solar heat pump evaporator with a refrigerant as the working medium. The upper part of the solar thermal collector is a glass cover plate (1), the lower part of the glass cover plate (1) is a polycarbonate transparent cover plate (2), the lower surface of the polycarbonate transparent cover plate (2) is connected with a small fin (3), the lower part of the polycarbonate transparent cover plate (2) is a heat-absorbing core plate (4), the upper surface of the heat-absorbing core plate (4) is provided with a honeycomb structure material (7), the lower part of the heat-absorbing core plate (4) is a bottom insulation layer (5), and a pressure-bearing pipe (6) is provided in the bottom insulation layer (5). The flat-plate structure of the solar thermal collector can be well combined with a building without a water storage tank, thereby realizing building integration.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型是一种将传统平板太阳能集热器进行改进,使既能以工作介质为水的传统太阳能热水器方式使用,又能够以制冷剂作为工作介质的直膨式太阳能热泵蒸发器使用,属于太阳能热水器,太阳能热泵的技术领域。The utility model is an improved traditional flat solar heat collector, so that it can be used not only in the traditional solar water heater with water as the working medium, but also in the direct expansion solar heat pump evaporator with refrigerant as the working medium, belonging to Technical field of solar water heater and solar heat pump.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能集热技术发展到今天无论在技术上的集热效率方面,还是商业上的性价比方面都已具备了大规模推广使用的条件,但在安装形式、安全性寿命及与建筑物的协调美观方面还需进一步改进。集热器必须作为建筑物的一部分,两者在美学效果上有机结合,集热器必须与建筑物同寿命。平板集热器在这方面具有其它集热器无法比拟的优势:The development of solar heat collection technology today has the conditions for large-scale promotion and use in terms of technical heat collection efficiency and commercial cost performance, but there are still many problems in terms of installation form, safety, life, and coordination with buildings. Needs further improvement. The heat collector must be a part of the building, the two are organically combined in aesthetic effect, and the heat collector must have the same life as the building. Flat plate collectors have advantages over other collectors in this respect:
1)平板集热器无真空度要求,寿命较长,尤其是优质的自熔焊全铜集热器,其寿命甚至比建筑物本体还长。1) The flat plate collector has no vacuum requirement and has a long service life, especially the high-quality self-fluxing all-copper collector, whose service life is even longer than that of the building itself.
2)在平板集热器中,工作介质在金属管道中流动,不接触玻璃不会因冷炸、热炸引起水或工质大量泄漏导致系统瘫痪。2) In the flat plate collector, the working medium flows in the metal pipe, without contact with the glass, the system will not be paralyzed due to large leakage of water or working fluid caused by cold frying or hot frying.
3)平板集热器中,集热元件与走水部件之间为焊接或全金属密封,不使用必然随时间老化的胶圈,长期运行可靠性更好。3) In the flat plate heat collector, the heat collecting element and the water-flowing part are welded or all-metal sealed, and the rubber ring that is bound to age with time is not used, and the long-term operation reliability is better.
4)平板集热器在实现无间隙安装生产热水的同时,兼具保温、隔热、遮光、挡风雨等传统屋面的全部功能从而部分或全部取代屋顶材料减少建筑造价。4) While achieving seamless installation and production of hot water, the flat plate collector also has all the functions of traditional roofs such as heat preservation, heat insulation, shading, and wind and rain, thereby partially or completely replacing roof materials and reducing construction costs.
5)平板集热器形状结构灵活,很容易使集热器与建筑本体达到有机结合。5) The shape and structure of the flat plate heat collector are flexible, and it is easy to achieve an organic combination of the heat collector and the building body.
正是由于平板集热器具有以上诸多优点,在欧洲、美国、澳大利亚等经济发达地区平板集热器的产销量占太阳能集热器总产销量的80%以上。It is precisely because of the above-mentioned many advantages of flat-plate collectors that the production and sales of flat-plate collectors in economically developed regions such as Europe, the United States, and Australia account for more than 80% of the total production and sales of solar collectors.
但是,由于传统平板太阳能集热器的工作介质一般是水,通过太阳能直接加热水以满足生活热水供应。这种方式虽然简单,但是在寒冷的冬季可能会产生冻结现象,甚至会冻裂集热器本身。而目前的防冻技术还处于研究发展阶段,不能令人满意,使传统平板集热器在高纬度寒冷地区的使用受到限制。而且在太阳辐射不足时,仅仅采用太阳能加热水无法满足生活热水温度要求。平板集热器在热损失方面的缺陷也很明显,需要通过一定的措施提高集热效率。However, since the working medium of traditional flat-panel solar collectors is generally water, the water is directly heated by solar energy to meet domestic hot water supply. Although this method is simple, it may freeze and even crack the collector itself in the cold winter. However, the current antifreeze technology is still in the research and development stage, which is unsatisfactory, which limits the use of traditional flat-plate collectors in high-latitude cold regions. And when the solar radiation is insufficient, only using solar energy to heat water cannot meet the temperature requirements of domestic hot water. The defects of flat plate collectors in terms of heat loss are also obvious, and certain measures need to be taken to improve the heat collection efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题:本实用新型的目的是提供一种可以使用不同工作介质的承压式平板太阳能集热器,可以根据不同需要采用不同的制冷剂,在不同的蒸发压力下均能正常工作。Technical problem: The purpose of this utility model is to provide a pressurized flat panel solar collector that can use different working media, can use different refrigerants according to different needs, and can work normally under different evaporation pressures.
技术方案:本实用新型的承压式平板太阳能集热器,玻璃盖板、聚碳酸酯透明盖板、小肋片、吸热芯板、底部保温层、承压管道、蜂窝结构材料;该太阳能集热器的上部为玻璃盖板,在玻璃盖板的下部为聚碳酸酯透明盖板,在聚碳酸酯透明盖板的下表面连接有小肋片,在聚碳酸酯透明盖板的下部为吸热芯板,在吸热芯板的上表面设有蜂窝结构材料,在吸热芯板的下部为底部保温层,在底部保温层中设有承压管道。在承压管道上设有电子膨胀阀Technical solution: The pressure-bearing flat solar collector of the utility model, glass cover plate, polycarbonate transparent cover plate, small ribs, heat-absorbing core plate, bottom insulation layer, pressure-bearing pipe, honeycomb structure material; the solar energy The upper part of the heat collector is a glass cover, the lower part of the glass cover is a polycarbonate transparent cover, the lower surface of the polycarbonate transparent cover is connected with small ribs, and the lower part of the polycarbonate transparent cover is The heat-absorbing core board is provided with a honeycomb structure material on the upper surface of the heat-absorbing core board, and the lower part of the heat-absorbing core board is a bottom insulation layer, and a pressure-bearing pipe is arranged in the bottom insulation layer. An electronic expansion valve is installed on the pressure pipeline
将焊接在吸热芯板下的介质管道加以改进,为了适应在太阳能热泵方式的运行,适当增加管壁厚度,以提高其承压性能。同时由于某些制冷剂的溶水性较差,在集热器适当位置装设干燥器,以避免“冰塞”现象。为了充分利用太阳能和减少热损失,采用带有肋片的聚碳酸脂透明盖板,并在吸热芯板上放置蜂窝结构材料,以减少对流和辐射损失,使集热效率大大增加。在介质管道上设置电子膨胀阀,调节制冷剂流量使负荷匹配。The medium pipe welded under the heat-absorbing core plate is improved. In order to adapt to the operation of the solar heat pump, the thickness of the pipe wall is appropriately increased to improve its pressure-bearing performance. At the same time, due to the poor water solubility of some refrigerants, a drier is installed at an appropriate position of the heat collector to avoid the "ice plug" phenomenon. In order to make full use of solar energy and reduce heat loss, a polycarbonate transparent cover with ribs is used, and a honeycomb structure material is placed on the heat-absorbing core plate to reduce convection and radiation losses, and greatly increase heat collection efficiency. Install an electronic expansion valve on the medium pipeline to adjust the refrigerant flow to match the load.
有益效果:本实用新型的有益效果是:采用承压管流道,在可以改工作介质为制冷剂,使集热器作为太阳能热泵蒸发器,使得在无法直接获得生活热水的情况下,以太阳能热泵形式工作。同时,由于采用承压结构管道,可以根据不同需要采用不同的制冷剂,在不同的蒸发压力下均能正常工作。Beneficial effects: the beneficial effects of the utility model are: adopting the pressure-bearing pipe flow channel, the working medium can be changed to refrigerant, and the heat collector can be used as a solar heat pump evaporator, so that when domestic hot water cannot be obtained directly, the Works in the form of a solar heat pump. At the same time, due to the use of pressure-bearing structural pipelines, different refrigerants can be used according to different needs, and they can work normally under different evaporation pressures.
1.该平板集热器可以使用不同的工作介质,使用灵活;1. The flat plate collector can use different working media, and it can be used flexibly;
2.双重防热损失措施大大提高了集热器的集热效率。2. Double heat loss prevention measures greatly improve the heat collection efficiency of the heat collector.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是该平板集热器的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the flat plate collector.
其中有:玻璃盖板1、聚碳酸酯透明盖板2、小肋片3、吸热芯板4、底部保温层5、承压管道6、蜂窝结构材料7。Among them are:
图2是图1的横向剖视结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of FIG. 1 .
图3蜂窝材料结构示意图。Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the honeycomb material.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1是该平板集热器的示意图。玻璃盖板1起到减少散热和产生温室效应的作用;聚碳酸酯透明盖板2、小肋片3为一体构成具有小肋片的聚碳酸酯透明盖板,这些小肋片在吸热芯板上方形成了许多小空间,用以抑制空气自然对流;吸热芯板4是涂有涂层的吸热铝板,涂层采用选择性阳极化涂层;承压管道6采用导热性能良好的铜管材料,适当增加管壁厚度,提高其承压能力,使工作介质可以是各种制冷剂,集热器可以作为太阳能热泵蒸发器使用;蜂窝结构材料7是,该种材料直接安置在吸热板板面上,既能减少表面空气自然对流,而且大大降低了辐射散热。蜂窝结构和带肋片的聚碳酸酯盖板起到了双重抑制集热器热损失的作用。底部采用玻璃棉保温,进一步减少了热损失,提高集热效率。在加工时,承压管与吸热板采用焊接连接,应保证焊接强度足够,并不会产生气缝,尽量减少接触热阻。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the flat plate collector. The
该太阳能集热器的上部为玻璃盖板1,在玻璃盖板1的下部为聚碳酸酯透明盖板2,在聚碳酸酯透明盖板2的下表面连接有小肋片3,在聚碳酸酯透明盖板2的下部为吸热芯板4,在吸热芯板4的上表面设有蜂窝结构材料7,在吸热芯板4的下部为底部保温层5,在底部保温层5中设有承压管道6。在承压管道6上设有电子膨胀阀。由于在热泵运行状态下,制冷剂的蒸发压力远大于正常生活热水的压力,传统介质流道的承压性能无法满足蒸发压力要求,因此必须改用具有较高承压能力的管道。介质流道经过特别加工处理,能够承受一定压力,从而能满足制冷剂在管道中蒸发要求。The top of this solar heat collector is a
平板集热器的热损失主要集中在集热板与周围空气的对流散热上。对于有盖板的集热器,对流损失又分为由吸热板到盖板的内对流损失,以及由盖板到周围空气的外对流损失。在无风情况下,外对流损失是由自然对流引起的。在低风速时,空气对流也占支配地位。虽然也应该设法降低外对流损失,但最有效的还是减少内对流损失,以降低盖板的温度。降低内对流损失,常用的方法是缩小空气间隙和在吸热板和盖板之间填入隔热材料。本设计在吸热板上方安置聚碳酸酯透明盖板,盖板下的小肋片把空气流道分隔成许多小的通道,相当于减小了空气间隙;同时在吸热板上安放的蜂窝材料,本身也减小了空气流动空间。因此,能够有效的降低内对流损失。The heat loss of flat-plate collectors is mainly concentrated in the convective heat dissipation between the collector plate and the surrounding air. For a collector with a cover, the convection loss is further divided into the internal convection loss from the heat absorbing plate to the cover plate, and the external convection loss from the cover plate to the surrounding air. In calm conditions, external convective losses are caused by natural convection. Air convection also dominates at low wind speeds. Although we should also try to reduce the external convective loss, the most effective way is to reduce the internal convective loss to reduce the temperature of the cover plate. To reduce the internal convection loss, the common method is to reduce the air gap and fill the heat insulating material between the heat absorbing plate and the cover plate. In this design, a polycarbonate transparent cover is placed above the heat absorbing plate, and the small ribs under the cover divide the air flow channel into many small channels, which is equivalent to reducing the air gap; at the same time, the honeycomb placed on the heat absorbing plate The material itself also reduces the space for air flow. Therefore, the internal convection loss can be effectively reduced.
在集热器工作过程中,在板温高于环境温度时,集热器不可避免会向周围环境辐射传热,这部分辐射热损失也是平板集热器热损失的重要部分。在本设计中,通过在吸热板上布置一种蜂窝结构材料,有效的减少了辐射部分热损失。蜂窝结构如附图3所示,其减少辐射损失的原理是:蜂窝的每个蜂格都是正六边形的空心柱体,蜂格的透光率对于平行光可达到97%以上,对于不平行的光线,蜂格壁可以将不垂直蜂窝的单面贴以面板,则蜂窝便具有了良好的吸光性能。由于蜂格壁可以遮挡住大部分阳光,使光线的多次反射都在蜂格壁上进行,因此光线几乎全部被蜂窝结构所吸收,如果蜂窝是黑色的,蜂窝的吸光性能将接近绝对黑体。通过这种措施,大大降低了辐射损失。同时,在吸热板上安放蜂窝结构材料,本身也减小了空气流动空间,也有效的降低了内对流损失。During the working process of the collector, when the plate temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, the collector will inevitably radiate heat to the surrounding environment, and this part of the radiation heat loss is also an important part of the heat loss of the flat panel collector. In this design, by arranging a honeycomb structure material on the heat absorbing plate, the heat loss of the radiation part is effectively reduced. The honeycomb structure is shown in Figure 3. The principle of reducing radiation loss is: each cell of the honeycomb is a regular hexagonal hollow cylinder, and the light transmittance of the cell can reach more than 97% for parallel light. With parallel light, the honeycomb wall can attach a panel to one side of the non-perpendicular honeycomb, so the honeycomb has good light absorption performance. Because the honeycomb wall can block most of the sunlight, the multiple reflections of light are carried out on the honeycomb wall, so the light is almost completely absorbed by the honeycomb structure. If the honeycomb is black, the light absorption performance of the honeycomb will be close to an absolute black body. By this measure, radiation losses are considerably reduced. At the same time, placing the honeycomb structure material on the heat absorbing plate itself also reduces the air flow space and effectively reduces the internal convection loss.
附着在集热器吸热板芯上的吸热涂层的优劣直接影响了太阳能热水器的性能。吸热涂层总体上可分为非选择性涂层与选择性涂层两大类,区分它们吸热性能的重要指标是其吸收比α与发射比ε的比值α/ε。非选择性吸热涂层的α/ε=1;选择性吸热涂层的α/ε>1,而且同为选择性吸热涂层,一般比值越大者,性能越好。吸热涂层的另一个重要指标是其耐候性,它的好坏关系到涂层以至热水器使用寿命的长短。选择性阳极化涂层是目前广泛应用于平板式太阳能集热器上较理想的涂层,其α/ε>3,使用寿命在十年左右。综合其吸热性能和使用寿命,本设计采用选择性阳极化涂层。The quality of the heat-absorbing coating attached to the heat-absorbing plate core of the collector directly affects the performance of the solar water heater. Heat-absorbing coatings can be generally divided into two categories: non-selective coatings and selective coatings. The important index to distinguish their heat-absorbing properties is the ratio α/ε of their absorption ratio α to emission ratio ε. α/ε=1 for non-selective heat-absorbing coatings; α/ε>1 for selective heat-absorbing coatings, and both are selective heat-absorbing coatings. Generally, the larger the ratio, the better the performance. Another important indicator of the heat-absorbing coating is its weather resistance, which is related to the service life of the coating and even the water heater. Selective anodized coating is currently an ideal coating widely used on flat-plate solar collectors, its α/ε>3, and its service life is about ten years. Considering its heat absorption performance and service life, this design adopts selective anodized coating.
带肋片的聚碳酸酯透明盖板以及蜂窝结构材料,大大减少了吸热芯板表面的空气对流,并显著降低了辐射损失,使得集热效率明显增加。选择性阳极化涂层提高了集热器的整体性能。The ribbed polycarbonate transparent cover and the honeycomb structure material greatly reduce the air convection on the surface of the heat-absorbing core plate, and significantly reduce the radiation loss, so that the heat collection efficiency is significantly increased. The selective anodized coating improves the overall performance of the collector.
介质管道上的电子膨胀阀,能够根据不同的负荷要求,调节制冷剂流量,同时节流降压,使得蒸发量满足负荷匹配。The electronic expansion valve on the medium pipeline can adjust the refrigerant flow according to different load requirements, and at the same time throttle and reduce the pressure, so that the evaporation can meet the load matching.
由于介质管道能够流动不同制冷剂,可以通过利用不同的制冷剂进行实验,找出效率相对较高而且满足环保要求的制冷剂,作为集热器的工作介质。聚碳酸酯和蜂窝结构的双重防热损措施,提高了集热器的集热效率,使得系统在太阳辐射情况不佳的场合仍能够较为高效的使用。Since the medium pipeline can flow different refrigerants, it is possible to use different refrigerants for experiments to find out a refrigerant with relatively high efficiency and meet environmental protection requirements as the working medium of the collector. The double heat loss prevention measures of polycarbonate and honeycomb structure improve the heat collection efficiency of the heat collector, so that the system can still be used more efficiently in occasions where the solar radiation is not good.
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CN100460778C (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2009-02-11 | 江苏太阳雨太阳能有限公司 | Pressurized Multimedia Flat Panel Solar Collector |
CN102032615A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-04-27 | 梁长宁 | Solar heater |
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CN100460778C (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2009-02-11 | 江苏太阳雨太阳能有限公司 | Pressurized Multimedia Flat Panel Solar Collector |
CN102032615A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-04-27 | 梁长宁 | Solar heater |
CN102032615B (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2013-02-27 | 梁长宁 | Solar heater |
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