CN201005886Y - Wheelchair capable of ascending/descending stairs - Google Patents
Wheelchair capable of ascending/descending stairs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201005886Y CN201005886Y CNU2007201154479U CN200720115447U CN201005886Y CN 201005886 Y CN201005886 Y CN 201005886Y CN U2007201154479 U CNU2007201154479 U CN U2007201154479U CN 200720115447 U CN200720115447 U CN 200720115447U CN 201005886 Y CN201005886 Y CN 201005886Y
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- seat
- main wheel
- wheelchair
- chair
- hollow axle
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Abstract
The utility model provides a simple operation, reasonable design, high safety, and easy application, high practicality, low cost, saved cost, and saved power, which can climb stairs. The utility model comprises a chair, main wheels mounted on the chair, an operation rod 1 on the chair, a screw booster 7 under the chair, a front flexible support 2 and a screw booster back support 3 connecting the chair and the screw booster 7, a back support 4 mounted on at the back side of the chair, a main wheel front-back control board 5 connecting the main wheels and the chair, and a chair adjuster 6 at the bottom of the chair. The utility model meets the demands of human cinology and mechanical dynamic, designed according to real condition. The utility model modifies prior wheel chair, adds the screw booster or the like, to make user automatically drive on flat ground, and climb stairs and steps.
Description
(1) technical field
This utility model relates to mechanical field, is specifically related to a kind of wheelchair.
(2) background technology
At present, nearly 600,000,000 people with disabilitys in the whole world, nearly 60,000,000 people with disabilitys of China wherein have quite a few disabled friend to take wheelchair.Have in the middle of them can travel on the level land and without other people help of demand, but will get into trouble when running into obstacle such as stair, step.And present most of wheelchair all can't resolve this type of problem.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model be to provide a kind of simple to operate, reasonable in design, safe, convenient and practical, cheap, wheelchair laborsaving, can stair activity saves money.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that it comprises seat and on the seat main wheel is installed, the front stretching support 2 that it also comprises on the seat action bars 1 of setting, be installed in the spiral lifting device 7 of under-seat, connect seat and spiral lifting device 7 and spiral lifting device after-poppet 3, be installed in the seat rear side after-poppet 4, be connected the main wheel front and back panel 5 of main wheel and seat and be arranged on the seat adjuster 6 of seat bottom.
This utility model also has some architectural features like this:
1, described spiral lifting device 7 comprises main shaft, countershaft, be installed in main wheel 8 and spirillum 9 on the main shaft of spiral lifting device, main shaft and countershaft are formed by hollow axle and solid shafting two parts, one end of solid shafting is arranged in the hollow axle, solid shafting and hollow axle are by being threaded, main shaft and countershaft are installed on the tripod, spirillum 9 is made up of minor spiral body and king bolt body, one end of minor spiral body is arranged on an end of solid shafting, the other end is arranged on the hollow axle, and the king bolt body is formed by two sections, one section is arranged on the hollow axle, another section is arranged on the minor spiral body;
2, described hollow axle is provided with the groove slideway, and groove slideway both sides is provided with safe edge, and an end of minor spiral body is arranged on the groove, and the minor spiral body is provided with support, and a section of king bolt body is arranged on the support of minor spiral body;
3, the main wheel 8 on the described main shaft is connected by chain with main wheel, and the front and back of main wheel 8 are provided with accessory whorl;
4, described after-poppet 4 comprises crank handle and support mobile jib, connect by lead screw in the middle of the support mobile jib, be provided with the drive mechanism of forming by gear and chain between support mobile jib and the crank handle, gear place on the crank handle is provided with handle, and the side is provided with the fixed groove that is connected with seat;
5, the bottom sides of described seat is provided with the framework that main wheel front and back panel 5 is installed, and the framework top is provided with the fixedly lock of fixing main wheel front and back panel 5, the upper and lower slideway that is provided with of framework, and fixing top of locking is provided with spring;
6, panel 5 is arranged in the framework of bottom sides of seat before and after the described main wheel, is provided with above and the fixing lock of seat corresponding groove, and an end of panel 5 links to each other with drivewheel before and after the main wheel;
7, described seat adjuster 6 comprises the adjustment screw, the runner that are arranged under the seat, is arranged on the camshaft that is connected with action bars 1 under the runner, gear and the gear actuator that is arranged on the camshaft below, runner with adjust screw and link to each other by drive mechanism;
8, the arranged outside of described main wheel has outstanding disk, and disk is provided with outstanding shelves post, and action bars 1 is arranged between grade post.
This utility model meets the requirement of kinesiology and mechanical kinetics, and global design is finished according to actual needs.The inventor is by the research transformation to existing wheelchair, its special corollary apparatus such as spiral lifting device have been increased, make this utility model to finish to take the people on the level land, not need other people to help and can drive voluntarily, and stair activity and step that can be freely, if the operator can not be from line operate, also can be by other people by the action bars complete operation, this utility model is through test of many times and demonstration, proving effect is remarkable, this utility model is simple to operate simultaneously, reasonable in design, safety, convenient and practical, cheap, it is laborsaving to save money, greatly the solution of degree people with disability's stair activity and the problem of step, level walking is independent of each other the wheelchair of new generation that disabled friend can be trusted simultaneously.
(4) description of drawings
Structural representation when Fig. 1 uses for this utility model;
Structural representation when Fig. 2 is the contraction of this utility model spiral lifting device;
Fig. 3 is a Facad structure sketch map of the present utility model;
Overall schematic when Fig. 4 stretches for the spiral lifting device;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of panel before and after the main wheel;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of after-poppet;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of seat adjuster;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of action bars and shelves post.
(5) specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
In conjunction with Fig. 1-3, present embodiment comprises seat and on the seat main wheel is installed, the front stretching support 2 that it also comprises on the seat action bars 1 of setting, be installed in the spiral lifting device 7 of under-seat, connect seat and spiral lifting device 7 and spiral lifting device after-poppet 3, be installed in the seat rear side after-poppet 4, be connected the main wheel front and back panel 5 of main wheel and seat and be arranged on the seat adjuster 6 of seat bottom.
Fig. 1 is that this novel practical wheelchair is in the view when going downstairs, this moment, whole spiral lifting device was all opened, about 1.1 meters of total length, rotation by main wheel, rotation by the gear above the chain drive screw rod drives the rotation of spiral lifting device, drives integral body thus and steadily rises or decline, the expansion link of screw rod front and back can support integral body, and the after-poppet at seat rear is in and reclaims the position.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, the spiral lifting device that is arranged on the under-seat of wheelchair this moment is in the position state the most in short-term that reclaims; The design of simultaneously preceding steamboat is earlier, is more conducive to the operation and the preposition needs of main wheel of spiral lifting device like this; And after-poppet is in the duty that makes things convenient for occupant's " seat ", and it upwards raises about 2 centimeters with rear portion integral body, makes the back main wheel easily preposition, more smooth and easy, does not influence other operation after reclaiming simultaneously.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, described spiral lifting device 7 comprises main shaft, countershaft, be installed in main wheel 8 and spirillum 9 on the main shaft of spiral lifting device, the steamboats of 30 independent rotations has been installed uniformly, the about 6cm of steamboat diameter, and the about 14cm of spirochetal diameter on the spirillum.The main shaft of spiral lifting device mainly is made up of two parts, and the one, hollow axle; The 2nd, solid shafting, one end of solid shafting is arranged in the hollow axle, has tap on the solid shafting, solid shafting and hollow axle are by being threaded, main shaft and countershaft are supported by tripod, and hollow axle is motionless, when solid shafting rotates, solid shafting can by screw thread rotation and enter in the hollow axle, as long as there is any one party motionless, the opposing party rotates, and main shaft is elongated or shortening, spirillum 9 is made up of minor spiral body and king bolt body, one end of minor spiral body is arranged on an end of solid shafting, and the other end is arranged on the hollow axle, and the king bolt body is formed by two sections, one section is arranged on the hollow axle, and another section is arranged on the minor spiral body; With the groove type slideway, the minor spiral body can rotate in the groove slideway and slide on the hollow axle, and groove slideway both sides studs with safe edge, the minor spiral body can not come off, minor spiral body one end is fixed on the solid shafting, and the other end is attached in the groove of hollow axle, and length and solid shafting are close.The minor spiral body is provided with six supports, it is consistent with the minor spiral body to support spirochetal motion mode big on spirillum big on the solid shafting, the hollow axle, the king bolt body is formed by two, one of them is fixed on the hollow axle, another is fixed on the solid threaded shaft, king bolt body on the hollow axle and the intermediary infall of king bolt body on the solid shafting misplace, and are convenient to like this stretch or shrink.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, the spiral lifting device is supporting a main shaft, two noncoupled axles by two A-frames, three axles can same direction freely rotate, the bearing front end is separately fixed at three bearing front ends by three runners, drive to same direction rotation (to the left or to the right) rear end the same by chain with front end, have on the every noncoupled axle on a minor spiral body and two king bolt bodies of two king bolt bodies and fixing 30 rotating steamboats equably, six centimetres of diameters, the direction of motion of steamboat is consistent with spirillum.
Main wheel on the spiral lifting device is made up of two parts, form by hollow axle and driving shaft, when the wheel shaft full extension, the jump ring of driving shaft front end can eject automatically, can drive hollow axle simultaneously together rotates, when reclaiming as palpus, brake cable on the tension hollow axle, plate washer on the hollow axle can merge, and jump ring is shunk, the rotation of two wheel axles by the spiral lifting device, make three axles of spiral lifting device be recovered to initial conditions simultaneously, with three runners, the great wheel of central authorities is connected the front and back rotation of main wheel with the mode of chain on one of them runner and the main axletree on the driving shaft, drive the rotation of main axle, the rotation of runner on the main axle drives three wheel shaft rotations in the same direction of spiral lifting device, whole wheelchair is risen on stair or descends.
When the master gear on the driving shaft seesaws, two wheel meeting left-right rotation, one of them drive two bearings of two attached gears is moved together simultaneously, in order not make antero posterior axis motion in the other direction simultaneously, cause and get stuck, two wheel two ends respectively have the front end of a hollow axle (being arrangement of clutch) hollow axle respectively to have a spring tension brake cable to rotate with main wheel, preceding wheel axle, unclamp the brake cable rear axle can rotate with main wheel, and antero posterior axis is work separately.
The front and back end of spiral lifting device is provided with brake, and the brake unanimity of front and back is the rotations that are used for controlling two bearings below the spiral lifting device.Before upstairs, tighten up front brake, before downstairs, tighten up back brake, after the spiral lifting device is all opened, front brake or back brake can unclamp automatically, control the pinning of brake or unclamp by the degree of tightness of brake cable, the top is connected with the triangle fixed bar by the spring handle brake in the brake, there is one to protrude the position that the triangle spring is used for fixing brake on the fixed bar of below, when the brake skin is connected with axletree, the triangle spring ejects fixedly brake position, and brake can not be locked fully with axletree, and two projecting points are arranged on the axletree, axletree unclamps brake thereby one of them meeting of two projecting points eject triangle spring control zone with brake under certain effect that external force reaches automatically.Main axletree can not work alone, when last or downstairs the time after main wheel preposition, when arriving assigned address, the hollow axle at main shaft two ends is connected with main axletree, could be by the forward and backward rotation of main wheel, main shaft could rotate thereupon.When not being connected with body shaft, the hollow axle on the main shaft can not work, but operate as normal when hollow axle is connected with main axletree, there is a groove in the outside central authorities of hollow axle, groove has a ring outward, this ring can drive the hollow axle move left and right, be connected with main shaft, but rotate the front and back that do not influence hollow axle and main shaft, there is groove to be connected on the ring with the wheelchair main body, ring can drive hollow axle in the groove move left and right, and when having brake cable to tighten up on the ring, ring can drive hollow axle and axletree merges, but operate as normal, with spring, when unclamping brake cable, can make hollow axle get back to original position on the groove.
In addition, totally two brake cables of the front and rear brake of spiral lifting device is connected on two rim brakes below the right armrest, control the intermediary jump ring of main shaft on the spiral lifting device simultaneously, the handle of below is the clutch that is used for controlling on the main axletree in the middle of the right armrest, as scheme right intermediate pattern, the handle of handrail front, left side is the clutch that is used for controlling driving shaft on the spiral lifting device, the handle of left side handrail is used for controlling the seat upper-lower position, as the bottom right figure, top right plot is to be used for the expansion link gone up on the support helix.
In conjunction with Fig. 5, the bottom sides of seat is provided with the framework that main wheel front and back panel 5 is installed, and the framework top is provided with the fixedly lock of fixing main wheel front and back panel 5, the upper and lower slideway that is provided with of framework, and fixing top of locking is provided with spring; Panel 5 is arranged in the framework of bottom sides of seat before and after the described main wheel, is provided with above and the fixing lock of seat corresponding groove, and an end of panel 5 links to each other with drivewheel before and after the main wheel.With the bearing fixing of main wheel on panel, bearing is free to rotate, open the fixedly lock of plate top, panel can slide front and back in groove, fixedly lock can fixing vehicle wheel, the position of panel, fixedly there is spring the side of locking, can pin panel automatically, when needing mobile wheel and panel, manually opened fixedly lock gets final product.
In conjunction with Fig. 6, after-poppet 4 comprises crank handle and support mobile jib, connect by lead screw in the middle of the support mobile jib, be provided with the drive mechanism of forming by gear and chain between support mobile jib and the crank handle, gear place on the crank handle is provided with handle, be used for swing pinion, support top is raise, the side is provided with the fixed groove that is connected with seat; Groove is used for temporary fixed support, and drive mechanism comprises that two circular gears are connected by a chain up and down, can rise or descend by the rotation of gear, and the middle part has spool can make support put down or regain, and the steamboat below is free to rotate.
In conjunction with Fig. 7, seat adjuster 6 comprises the adjustment screw, the runner that are arranged under the seat, is arranged on the camshaft that is connected with action bars 1 under the runner, gear and the gear actuator that is arranged on the camshaft below, runner with adjust screw and link to each other by drive mechanism; It is the bearing rotation below wheelchair, rotate two fixed positions, gear by the drive of chain, there is a camshaft top in two gears, camshaft is connected with action bars, but the left, center, right lateral adjustments, and controlling in the top runner left-right rotation (being the rising or the decline of seat rear positions) is neutral gear, intermediate pattern is the gear actuator, action bars is pushed forward to that seat can rise when reaching the position, middlely be neutral gear, and action bars promotes backward, and the in-position is for descending.Upstairs, the position opposite of action bars downstairs, neutral gear is constant, the screw of the rotating band driving wheel chair back of the runner by the camshaft top rises or descends, and regulates the upper-lower position of seat.
In conjunction with Fig. 8, the arranged outside of described main wheel has outstanding disk, and disk is provided with outstanding shelves post, and action bars 1 is arranged between grade post.Wheelchair can not be from the operator, need other people when helping, plug the action bars action bars that seesaws, wheelchair risen on stair or descend.Seven outstanding shelves posts on the outstanding disk in the main wheel outside, bumping post can block action bars when operation moves forwards or backwards, action bars and main wheel are moved simultaneously, reach the effect of stair activity, when action bars arrives certain position, tilt operation bar laterally, make it get back to the origin-location, wheel this moment movement therewith not continues to promote action bars then, makes its operate as normal.
This utility model mainly designs for convenience of lower limb disability person stair activity.Simple, laborsaving, the safety of this novel wheelchair operation.Concrete operations are as follows: at first before stair activity, fasten one's safety belt; Put down the support of back then, be pulled upwardly the handle on the support, wheel reach in the time of the pull-up handle, the rear wheel positional lock that puts in place is automatically locked; Again the action bars on the wheelchair armrest is put on the sign of " going upstairs ", then front brake is tightened up, can unclamp automatically during rising, at last with the same substantially at level land driving wheelchair, main wheel rotates backward, the principle of (after-poppet reclaims automatically simultaneously) novel wheelchair is to rotate by the front and back of main wheel, drives the spiral lifting device simultaneously, and wheelchair is steadily gone up downstairs.When wheelchair arrives the stair upper stage, put down the support of back, action bars is put into " recovery " position.Again wheel is put into original position.Last manual withdrawal after-poppet gets final product.
Basic identical in the time of downstairs with the operation of going upstairs.At first fasten one's safety belt, put down after-poppet, with the trailing wheel reach, different is action bars to be put into " going downstairs " position.Main wheel is rotated forward,, manually reclaim after-poppet and get final product when under the front end underlying platform of spiral organ of Corti during several second rank.Also have handle can control the upper-lower position of seat when going downstairs in addition, make the occupant more comfortable.When wheelchair will reach the stair bottom, action bars is put into " recovery " position, spiral organ of Corti will reclaim automatically along with the rotation of wheel.Put down after-poppet at last, the main wheel positional lock is opened, wheel is put back to original position, be automatically locked after the positional lock, the manual withdrawal after-poppet gets final product.The person can not need other people to help from line operate if take the wheelchair, can install externally operated switch lever additional, helps to finish whole operation by other people.This novel wheelchair mainly is the rotation by main wheel, drives the rotation of the screw below the wheelchair.This rotation simultaneously can not make the operator take very big strength, and the wheelchair integral body is steadily risen or decline, reaches the purpose of free stair activity and step.
Claims (9)
- One kind can stair activity wheelchair, it comprises seat and on the seat main wheel is installed, it is characterized in that it also comprise on the seat action bars (1) of setting, be installed in under-seat spiral lifting device (7), the front stretching support (2) and the spiral lifting device after-poppet (3) that connect seat and spiral lifting device (7), be installed in the seat rear side after-poppet (4), be connected the main wheel front and back panel (5) of main wheel and seat and be arranged on the seat adjuster (6) of seat bottom.
- 2. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described spiral lifting device (7) comprises main shaft, countershaft, be installed in main wheel (8) and spirillum (9) on the main shaft of spiral lifting device, main shaft and countershaft are formed by hollow axle and solid shafting two parts, one end of solid shafting is arranged in the hollow axle, solid shafting and hollow axle are by being threaded, main shaft and countershaft are installed on the tripod, spirillum (9) is made up of minor spiral body and king bolt body, one end of minor spiral body is arranged on an end of solid shafting, the other end is arranged on the hollow axle, and the king bolt body is formed by two sections, one section is arranged on the hollow axle, another section is arranged on the minor spiral body.
- 3. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described hollow axle is provided with the groove slideway, groove slideway both sides is provided with safe edge, one end of minor spiral body is arranged on the groove, the minor spiral body is provided with support, and a section of king bolt body is arranged on the support of minor spiral body.
- 4. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 2 is characterized in that the main wheel (8) on the described main shaft is connected by chain with main wheel, and the front and back of main wheel (8) are provided with accessory whorl.
- 5. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described after-poppet (4) comprises crank handle and support mobile jib, connect by lead screw in the middle of the support mobile jib, be provided with the drive mechanism of forming by gear and chain between support mobile jib and the crank handle, gear place on the crank handle is provided with handle, and the side is provided with the fixed groove that is connected with seat.
- 6. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1, the bottom sides that it is characterized in that described seat is provided with the framework that main wheel front and back panels (5) are installed, the framework top is provided with the fixedly lock of fixing main wheel front and back panels (5), the upper and lower slideway that is provided with of framework, the top of fixing lock is provided with spring.
- 7. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that panels (5) before and after the described main wheel are arranged in the framework of bottom sides of seat, be provided with above and the fixing lock of seat corresponding groove, an end of panel (5) links to each other with drivewheel before and after the main wheel.
- 8. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described seat adjuster (6) comprises the adjustment screw, the runner that are arranged under the seat, is arranged on the camshaft that is connected with action bars (1) under the runner, gear and the gear actuator that is arranged on the camshaft below, runner with adjust screw and link to each other by drive mechanism.
- 9. wheelchair that can stair activity according to claim 1 is characterized in that the arranged outside of described main wheel has outstanding disk, and disk is provided with outstanding shelves post, and action bars (1) is arranged between grade post.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201154479U CN201005886Y (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2007-01-25 | Wheelchair capable of ascending/descending stairs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201154479U CN201005886Y (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2007-01-25 | Wheelchair capable of ascending/descending stairs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201005886Y true CN201005886Y (en) | 2008-01-16 |
Family
ID=39001823
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201154479U Expired - Fee Related CN201005886Y (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2007-01-25 | Wheelchair capable of ascending/descending stairs |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201005886Y (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105982795A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-05 | 梁庆昌 | Left-right-handed rotating helical wheel type stair climbing wheelchair |
| RU2675750C1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-12-24 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Screw motor |
| RU2686264C1 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-04-24 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Screw propulsion unit |
| CN109878588A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-14 | 上海冀晟自动化成套设备有限公司 | A kind of intelligent barrow for upstairs of energy stair activity |
| CN109878587A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-14 | 上海冀晟自动化成套设备有限公司 | A kind of intelligent barrow for upstairs for the stair activity that can lie low |
| CN110840668A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-02-28 | 浙江工业大学之江学院 | Multifunctional convenient wheelchair capable of going upstairs and downstairs |
| RU2742662C1 (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-02-09 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Method of compensating lateral displacements of the screw propeller |
-
2007
- 2007-01-25 CN CNU2007201154479U patent/CN201005886Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105982795A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-05 | 梁庆昌 | Left-right-handed rotating helical wheel type stair climbing wheelchair |
| CN105982795B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-07-21 | 梁庆昌 | A kind of wheeled wheel chair capable of climbing stairway of left-right rotary spiral |
| RU2675750C1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-12-24 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Screw motor |
| RU2686264C1 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-04-24 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Screw propulsion unit |
| CN109878588A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-14 | 上海冀晟自动化成套设备有限公司 | A kind of intelligent barrow for upstairs of energy stair activity |
| CN109878587A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-14 | 上海冀晟自动化成套设备有限公司 | A kind of intelligent barrow for upstairs for the stair activity that can lie low |
| CN109878587B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2023-08-29 | 上海冀晟自动化成套设备有限公司 | Intelligent stair climbing vehicle capable of lying down and going up and down stairs |
| CN110840668A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-02-28 | 浙江工业大学之江学院 | Multifunctional convenient wheelchair capable of going upstairs and downstairs |
| RU2742662C1 (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-02-09 | Николай Петрович Дядченко | Method of compensating lateral displacements of the screw propeller |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080116 Termination date: 20100225 |