A kind of brake calipers
Technical field
The utility model relates to the automobile brake technical field, more specifically to a kind of brake calipers.
Background technique
Existing brake calipers often has service brake mechanism and parking and braking mechanism, can realize the dual functions of service brake and parking braking, brake calipers often comprises: oil inlet pipe, bolt rod driving mechanism, one end of screw pull axis is fixed in the bolt rod driving mechanism by return spring, carry out axial motion by the driving of bolt rod driving mechanism, the other end is connected with the screw rod thread die cutting, screw rod cover is connected with main piston in the cylinder body, and main piston promotion brake slipper reaches the braking purpose by brake slipper clamping brake disc.
When brake calipers was used for service brake, brake fluid entered by oil inlet pipe in the cylinder body of break, and the hydraulic drive main piston moves to the brake slipper direction, and main piston promotes brake slipper and clamps brake disc, realized service brake.
When brake calipers is used for parking braking, realize by parking and braking mechanism.Such as, a kind of float rod type parking and braking mechanism structure commonly used is as follows: bolt rod driving mechanism comprises: parking brake handle grip, rotating shaft and push rod, the hemisphere nest hole that one off-centre is arranged in the rotating shaft, one of the pole of two circle (being push rod) matches with the eccentric nest hole in the rotating shaft, and the spherical nest hole on other end and the screw pull axis cooperates.When rotating shaft was rotated, the eccentric nest hole in the rotating shaft made push rod move along the piston axis direction, and push rod is by screw pull axis and the screw rod cover promotes main piston and brake slipper clamps brake disc, realizes parking braking.
After brake pads wear, it is big that gap between brake slipper and the brake disc becomes, this gap is in case during greater than the spiral shell tooth of screw pull axis and screw rod inner room and the axial clearance between the screw channel, will make main piston and screw rod produce the gap between overlapping, and influences the effect of parking braking.In order to compensate this gap, guarantee that the screw rod cover is against on the main piston, brake calipers has also comprised an automatic compensation structure: when service brake, the hydraulic oil that injects can make and be embedded in the fixing square screw rod tackling of piston groove to the right movement tendency is arranged, being fixed on return spring on the screw rod makes screw rod have left movement tendency, cause between screw rod cover and the screw rod relative rotation takes place, can't rotate and be embedded in square screw rod cover fixing in the piston groove, therefore screw rod rotates, make the screw rod cover follow piston and move to right, thereby realize the purpose of automatic adjusting play.
Such Design Fundamentals has realized the service brake and the parking braking of brake calipers, and can be along with the wearing and tearing of brake disc adjusting play automatically; But for the automatic adjusting play of energy, screw rod can rotate freely, and when this just caused parking braking, screw rod was understood passive rotation and consumed the axial displacement of a part to piston direction, causes energy loss.
The model utility content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of brake calipers that reduces energy loss.
Described brake calipers comprises: be fixed on bolt rod driving mechanism, screw rod, screw rod cover, piston in the cylinder body, bolt rod driving mechanism drive screw is connected with piston by the screw rod cover, and wherein, described brake calipers also comprises rotation-preventing mechanism, rotation-preventing mechanism is fixed in the cylinder body, links to each other with screw rod.
Described rotation-preventing mechanism is a torsional stop, and screw rod is stuck in the torsional stop, and a side of torsional stop is provided with projection, is fastened in the groove in the cylinder body.
Described rotation-preventing mechanism is a stop pin, and an end of stop pin is fixed in the cylinder body, and the other end blocks screw rod.
Described brake calipers also comprises and is fixed on the one-way rotation limit stoper that screw rod puts, and this one-way rotation limit stoper is connected with piston, and screw rod is enclosed within the effect of one-way rotation limit stoper and can only moves to piston direction.
Described one-way rotation limit stoper comprises and is arranged on the surface of contact that contacts with piston that screw rod puts that the surface of contact that screw rod puts is arranged on the side of piston near bolt rod driving mechanism.When such design can make parking braking, the screw rod cover compressed piston, as long as the radial force that the stiction between screw rod cover and the piston overlaps to screw rod greater than screw rod, the screw rod cover just can not rotate; When service brake, separate between screw rod cover and the piston, do not produce frictional force, can not influence the screw rod cover to the motion of piston direction with automatic adjusting play.
Described one-way rotation limit stoper comprises and is enclosed within the screw rod sleeve spring that screw rod puts, the screw rod sleeve spring around to consistent with the screw flight direction.Such setting can only be moved to piston direction so that screw rod is enclosed within the position-limiting action of screw rod sleeve spring.
Described brake calipers also comprises screw rod cover pad, and screw rod cover pad is fixed on the piston, and the screw rod cover outside is provided with boss, and screw rod cover pad pad is in the side of screw rod cover boss near bolt rod driving mechanism.When such design made service brake, the hydraulic oil injection promoted piston, and by the cover of the screw rod on piston pad lead-screw cover, the trend that makes it to move right makes between screw rod and the screw rod cover relative rotation takes place, thus automatic adjusting play.
Described brake calipers also comprises the rolling ring of reducing friction that is arranged between screw rod cover pad and the screw rod cover boss.Rolling ring is equivalent to bearing in the peripheral rolling of screw rod cover, has effectively prevented friction.
Described rolling ring comprises raceway and ball, and ball is stuck in the raceway, and two STHs of raceway, the diameter of perforate make ball can touch the screw rod cover boss and the screw rod cover pad of rolling ring both sides from the raceway perforate less than the diameter of ball.
Described bolt rod driving mechanism comprises: camshaft and push rod, wherein, the nest hole of an off-centre is arranged on the camshaft, and the top in nest hole is cylindrical, and the bottom in nest hole is hemisphere, and the shape in nest hole matches with an end spherical in shape of push rod.Such design makes that push rod is difficult for breaking away from from the nest hole of camshaft; And because the hole of the nest on the camshaft is darker, make that the rotation angle between push rod and the camshaft is less, thereby the easier control brake of energy precision, wearing and tearing reduced to brake slipper.
The utility model stops screw rod to rotate by torsional stop is set on screw rod, thereby in parking braking, screw rod just can passively not rotate, and just can not consume towards the axial displacement of brake disc direction, saves displacement, has reduced energy loss.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of internal structure schematic representation that the brake calipers of screw rod sleeve spring is arranged;
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of parking braking plectrum;
Fig. 3 is a kind of internal structure schematic representation that the brake calipers of taper type surface of contact is arranged.
Wherein: 1, push rod, 2, bull stroke adjustment screw rod, 3, torsional stop, 4, spring seat, 5, piston, 6, seal ring, 7, compression spring, 8, screw rod return spring, 9, bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover, 10, screw rod cover pad, 11, rolling ring, 12, the screw rod sleeve spring, 13, cylinder body, 14, brake slipper, 15, camshaft nut, 16, the plectrum return spring, 17, camshaft, 18, the parking braking plectrum, 19, jump ring.
Mode of execution
The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, brake calipers comprises: cylinder body 13, piston 5, seal ring 6 and brake slipper 14, the parking and braking mechanism that is arranged on the cylinder body 13 comprises: parking braking plectrum 18, plectrum return spring 16, camshaft nut 15, camshaft 17, push rod 1, torsional stop 3, bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2, bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, screw rod return spring 8, compression spring 7, spring seat 4, jump ring 19, screw rod cover pad 10, rolling ring 11 and screw rod sleeve spring 12.Camshaft 17 is fixed together by camshaft nut 15 and parking braking plectrum 18; Plectrum return spring 16 1 ends link to each other with parking braking plectrum 18, and the other end is connected on the cylinder body 13; Push rod 1 one ends withstand in the nest hole of camshaft 17, and the other end withstands on the bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2; Bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 passes torsional stop 3, compression spring 7, screw rod return spring 8 and spring seat 4 from left to right successively, bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 is threaded with bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, the use multiple thread connects, when the adjusting play, it is better, more stable that bull stroke adjustment screw rod overlaps 9 slidings.A side that is fixed on the torsional stop 3 on the bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 is provided with projection, is fastened in the groove in the cylinder body 13; The center of torsional stop 3 is provided with rectangular opening, and the part surface pin that screw rod 2 is connected with torsional stop 3 is flat to adapt with the rectangular opening with torsional stop 3, scabbling partly of screw rod 2 is stuck in the rectangular opening of torsional stop 3, to realize anti-rotating function; Spring seat 4 usefulness jump rings 19 are stuck in the cylinder body 13; Bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 is against on the piston 5, the screw rod sleeve spring 12 that is wrapped on the bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 is through in the hole of piston 5, screw rod cover pad 10 and rolling ring 11 are enclosed within on the bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, screw rod cover pad 10 is riveted in the piston 5, bull stroke adjustment screw rod overlaps 9 outsides and is provided with annular boss, screw rod cover pad 10 fills up the left side of overlapping 9 boss at bull stroke adjustment screw rod, and rolling ring 11 is located at screw rod pad 10 and bull stroke adjustment screw rod overlaps between 9 boss.
Rolling ring 11 is made of raceway and several balls, and ball is stuck in the raceway, and raceway is opened the hole near the side that bull stroke adjustment screw rod overlaps 9 boss, sees from the cross section to be inc annular; Side near screw rod cover pad 10 is opened separate wells, the corresponding perforate of ball; The diameter of perforate can roll ball less than ball diameter in raceway, be unlikely to break away from raceway again.When rolling, a side of ball contacts by the annular boss of through hole with bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, and opposite side contacts with screw rod cover pad 10 by the separate wells of opening on raceway.Each ball only rolls in its separate wells, does not produce relative displacement with raceway, because the rolling of ball has reduced when bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 rotates and the friction between the screw rod cover pad 10.During rolling ring, on raceway, get earlier separate wells in processing corresponding to ball, ball is placed into correct position after, make raceway wrap ball, the moulding of processing raceway, the both sides of raceway promptly form through hole, process more convenient.
When the needs service brake, make hydraulic oil enter cylinder body 13 by the service brake pedal by oil inlet hole, promote piston 5 and move right, make brake slipper 14 clamp brake disc, to realize the purpose of service brake.The structure of service brake device is well known to those skilled in the art, so no longer describe in detail.
When the needs parking braking, hauling parking braking plectrum 18 with parking lever by brake cable rotates, thereby driving camshaft 17 rotates, camshaft 17 promotes push rod 1 towards moving right, push rod 1 promotes bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 and moves to right, bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 promotes bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 and moves right, when push rod 1 promotes bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2, torsional stop 3 can not rotate bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2, make the power that promotes more to convert axial force to, avoided 2 rotations of bull stroke adjustment screw rod and the consumption displacement.Bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 promotes piston 5 and moves right, thereby makes brake slipper 14 clamp brake disc, to realize the purpose of parking braking.When unclamping parking lever, parking braking plectrum 18 transfers back to the effect front position under the effect of plectrum return spring 16, thereby make camshaft 17 transfer back to original position, drive push rod 1 left side and be back to original position, under the effect of return spring, make bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 original position that moves to left back, piston 5 moves to left under the effect of original mechanism with bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, to keep original gap between piston 5 and the brake slipper 14, parking braking is stopped.
After brake slipper 14 wearing and tearing, it is big that gap between brake slipper 14 and the brake disc becomes, this gap increment is in case during greater than the spiral shell tooth of bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 and bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 and the axial clearance between the screw channel, the stroke of parking braking is not enough, will cause parking braking ineffective.In order to compensate this gap increment, bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 can be against on the piston 5 when guaranteeing Parking, and in service brake, the halting mechanism of brake calipers can be regulated automatically to reduce the gap between brake slipper 14 and the brake disc.The work of parking braking blank compensation apparatus is as follows: thus piston by the service brake rocker compensating gear towards axially move gap increment between compensation brake slipper and the brake disc of the direction of brake disc, piston promotes bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 by the screw rod cover pad that is fixed on the piston, make it have to the right movement tendency, the movement tendency that return spring but makes bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 have left, relative rotation takes place between causing bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 and bull stroke adjustment screw rod overlapping 9, and bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 can't rotate under the restriction of torsional stop 3, have only bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 to rotate, make bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 follow piston and move to right, thereby realize the effect of automatic adjusting play.When screw rod cover 9 rotated, rolling ring 11 was equivalent to bearing screw rod cover 9 peripheral rollings, has effectively prevented friction.
Have a kind of existing screw rod cover end to be square, the screw rod cover is embedded in the piston groove fixing, by the rotational automatic adjusting of screw rod gap; Under user mode, screw rod might forward or reverse.When service brake, be the screw rod of dextrorotation for screw thread, we need the screw rod cover to rotate counterclockwise, promptly to the piston direction motion, with the gap between automatic adjustment brake slipper 14 and the brake disc; But in parking braking, screw rod might just change, and promptly turns clockwise, and this will consume the displacement that promotes piston, causes energy waste.
Put at screw rod and the surface of contact contact with piston to be set can to make the unidirectional rotation of screw rod, surface of contact is against the left side of piston.When parking braking, the screw rod cover compresses piston, as long as the radial force that the stiction between screw rod cover and the piston overlaps to screw rod greater than screw rod, the screw rod cover just can not rotate; When service brake, separate between screw rod cover and the piston, do not produce frictional force, can not influence the screw rod cover to the motion of piston direction with automatic adjusting play.Surface of contact can be the ring surface vertical with screw rod, also can be the frustum of drift angle in piston direction, as shown in Figure 3, can increase the positive pressure between surface of contact and the piston like this, to increase the stiction between screw rod cover and the piston.
Can also cooperate torsional stop 3 to reach the purpose of the unidirectional rotation of screw rod by screw rod sleeve spring 12 is set, the screw rod sleeve spring 12 of dextrorotation is stuck on the bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, when bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 is rotated counterclockwise, because bull stroke adjustment screw rod 2 is dextrorotation with the screw thread of bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9, bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 is consistent with the direction of screw rod sleeve spring 12 effects, and screw rod sleeve spring 12 can not hinder 9 rotations of bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover; When bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 turned clockwise, bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 was opposite with the direction of screw rod sleeve spring 12 effects, drove screw rod sleeve spring 12 chuckings, and bull stroke adjustment screw rod cover 9 can not be rotated.This just can guarantee that the screw rod cover can only be done to be rotated counterclockwise to do and turn clockwise, and promptly only rotates when compensate for clearance, does not rotate during proper functioning, thereby guarantees can not do dextrorotation because of the screw rod cover then consume the displacement that moves right.This design is than being provided with surface of contact between screw rod cover and piston, guarantee the design of the unidirectional rotation of screw rod, better effects if by frictional force.Use this two kinds of design proposals simultaneously, can better guarantee the effect of the unidirectional spacing rotation of screw rod.
Existing bolt rod driving mechanism commonly used drives a rotating shaft by manual cable wire, eccentric hemisphere nest hole is arranged in the rotating shaft, one of the pole of two circle (being push rod) matches with the eccentric nest hole in the rotating shaft, and the spherical nest hole on other end and the screw pull axis cooperates.Because the nest hole is hemispheric, there is a no small angle in rotating shaft between buoyant beam, so the radius of buoyant beam is less, thereby rotation amplitude is big, process is jumped fast, and is sensitive excessively, thereby degree of stopping is big, not only not easy to operate, also bigger to the wearing and tearing of brake block, the working life of having reduced brake block.The motion amplitude of pull bar is little.
The bolt rod driving mechanism of present embodiment realizes that by camshaft and push rod the nest hole of an off-centre is arranged on the camshaft, and the top in nest hole is cylindrical, and the bottom in nest hole is hemisphere, and the shape in nest hole matches with an end spherical in shape of push rod.Such design makes that push rod is difficult for breaking away from from the nest hole of camshaft; And because the hole of the nest on the camshaft is darker, make that the rotation angle between push rod and the camshaft is less, thereby the easier control brake of energy precision, wearing and tearing reduced to brake slipper.
Above embodiment is the unrestricted the technical solution of the utility model in order to explanation only, although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: still can make amendment or be equal to replacement the utility model, can be torsional stop, stop pin, also can be in the screw rod rotating shaft and the polygonal projection and the groove that match on the push rod as: rotation-preventing mechanism, as long as can prevent the screw rod rotation; Supporting screw rod and screw rod cover can be bulls, also can be single heads; Rolling ring can be the form that single raceway cooperates a plurality of balls, also can be the form that Internal and external cycle cooperates ball to roll, as long as the friction of the both sides of rolling ring can be reduced to rolling friction.These do not break away from any modification or partial replacement of spirit and scope of the present utility model, and it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present utility model.