CN200982846Y - Topography multifunctional ruler for metering and reading - Google Patents

Abstract

A topography multifunctional reading and measuring ruler is used to measure angle, distance, grade, and coordinates in the training of reading and using maps of topography, which comprises a disc, a main scale and an assistant scale, wherein the main scale and the assistant scale are connected and fixed through the centre of the circle of a shaft and the disc, the main scale and an assistant scale can rotate around the shaft on the disc freely, and the thin real line between the main scale and the assistant scale is a calibration line and an angle measuring line. The grid azimuth, true amplitude and magnetic bearing can be read and measured directly through rotating the main scale and the assistant scale so as to read the angle degrees and mil degrees on the disc. The improvement and novelty of the utility model lies in resolving the problem of direct reading and measuring of grid azimuth, true amplitude and magnetic bearing, overcoming the disadvantages of complicated reading and measuring, slow speed, big error and being subject to environment, and enjoying the advantages of simple design, reasonable structure and precise reading and measuring.

Description

The multi-functional chi of reading of topography

Technical field: the utility model relates to the multi-functional chi of reading of a kind of topography, is that the amount of the key elements such as a kind of angle, distance, the gradient, coordinate in the topography map reading and application training is read apparatus.

Background technology: grid azimuth, true azimuth and magnetic azimuth several angles that to be topography often will measure during with figure at terrain, whether it directly affects decision maker's resolution accurately and fast and is the operation of foundation with various angles if being measured.

The method of measuring and the shortcoming of several angles in the prior art:

It is benchmark that grid azimuth refers to coordinate ordinate north, arrives the horizontal sextant angle between the target direction line in the direction of the clock.It is that the throughput hornwork is realized that its amount is read.After reading, amount is converted into mil (application of several angles all is that unit calculates with the mil, and 1 degree is about 17 mils) again.Because protractor can only be read 180 degree, amount is divided into two kinds of situations again when reading.The one, impact point with respect to standpoint when first, fourth quadrant, the method that its amount is read is: doing parallel lines that parallel with the coordinate ordinate earlier by standpoint is datum line, standpoint linked to each other with impact point do extended line, be that starting point is read with the protractor amount of carrying out then with the standpoint, measure the grid azimuth that the angle of reading is this impact point on the protractor.The 2nd, when second and third quadrant, its method of measuring is impact point with respect to standpoint: on the basis that preceding a kind of amount is read, with protractor Rotate 180 degree, the angle after amount is read is added 180 degree, and the gained angle is the grid azimuth of this impact point.Its shortcoming: the one, amount is read apparatus many (ruler, protractors etc.); The 2nd, the angular metric of amount read procedure complexity, especially second, third quadrant is read; The 3rd, the angle after amount is read need be converted into mil.

It is that benchmark arrives the horizontal sextant angle between the target direction line in the direction of the clock that true azimuth refers to the true meridian north.The method that its amount is read is: read to add (true meridian left avertence) on the basis again or subtract (true meridian right avertence) true meridian to obtain with grid convergence value (this drift angle value of different regions is different, but fixes at areal) in the grid azimuth amount.

It is benchmark that magnetic azimuth refers to the magnetic meridian north, arrives the horizontal sextant angle between the target direction line in the direction of the clock.Magnetic azimuth normally comes amount to read with north arrow.When reading: use north arrow earlier according to the magnetic north directional ray map orientation on the topomap with the north arrow amount, make the magnetic north direction of topomap consistent with terrain magnetic north, then standpoint and impact point are done line, the starting point end on north arrow ruler limit is placed standpoint one side, and ruler limit and line are coincided, at this moment magnetic north pointer mil number pointed is the magnetic azimuth of this impact point.Its shortcoming: the one, need map orientation to make map magnetic north consistent with terrain magnetic north; The 2nd, north arrow is easily affected by environment, as amount read around the magnetic field of its generation when ironware is arranged can produce north arrow and disturb, and then the precision read of the amount of influence; The 3rd, the precision that the quality of north arrow self also can the amount of having influence on be read.

Summary of the invention: the purpose of this utility model is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the multi-functional chi of reading of topography that develops according to mathematical principle.This chi can satisfy the direct amount of three kinds of angles of any one location and read problem, and especially magnetic azimuth is read to use instead the multifunctional ruler amount of carrying out by the north arrow amount and read, and has avoided the influence of factors such as environment, has improved precision and speed that amount is read.For achieving the above object, the utility model has adopted following technical proposals: the multi-functional chi of reading of topography comprises disk (1), main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3) three parts.Main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3) connect with the center of circle of disk (1) by axle (5) and are fixing.Main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3) can rotate arbitrarily on disk by axle (5), line is read for direction sign alignment and angular metric in fine line (4), (17) in the middle of main scale (2) and the auxilliary chi (3), rotate main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3) during use by angle numerical value (6) and mil numerical value (7) on the disk (1), read with the direct amount that realizes grid azimuth, true azimuth and magnetic azimuth.

Its concrete grammar is:

When (1) measuring the coordinate reading position angle, the first step places the fine line (4) in the main scale (2) on 0 mil; In second step, make fine line (17) in the auxilliary chi (3) by standpoint and impact point; In the 3rd step, the mobile multifunctional chi makes the fine line (4) in the main scale (2) coincide (and pointing to the coordinate north) with the coordinate ordinate, and the mil number on the disk of fine line (17) indication in the at this moment auxilliary chi (3) is the grid azimuth of this impact point.When reading the grid azimuth of impact point with this dipstick metering, no matter impact point with respect to standpoint at which quadrant, all directly the amount of carrying out is read.

When (2) amount is read true azimuth, elder generation is according to the position of starting at of drift angle figure correction main scale (2) on the topomap, if true meridian then clockwise rotates main scale (2) to drift angle mil number (promptly adding the drift angle value) by true meridian and grid convergence value in coordinate ordinate left side; If true meridian is on coordinate ordinate right side, then main scale (2) is rotated counterclockwise to drift angle mil number (promptly deducting the drift angle value) by true meridian and grid convergence value, the azimuthal method of consumption coordinate reading is then directly measured the true azimuth that the mil number of reading is this impact point again.

When (3) amount is read magnetic azimuth, its method is basic identical with the method that amount is read true azimuth, elder generation is according to the position of starting at of drift angle figure correction main scale (2) on the topomap, if the magnetic north directional ray then clockwise rotates main scale (2) to drift angle mil number (promptly adding the drift angle value) by magnetic north directional ray and grid convergence value in coordinate ordinate left side; If the magnetic north directional ray is on coordinate ordinate right side, then main scale (2) is rotated counterclockwise to drift angle mil number (promptly deducting the drift angle value) by magnetic north directional ray and grid convergence value, the azimuthal method of consumption coordinate reading is then directly measured the magnetic azimuth that the mil number of reading is this impact point again.

Progress of the present utility model and innovative point have been to solve the direct amount of grid azimuth, true azimuth, magnetic azimuth and have read problem, have overcome shortcomings such as amount is read complexity in the classic method, speed is slow, error is big, easy affected by environment.Step is few and method is simple when reading various angle with this product volume, and the direct amount that has not only solved various angles is read problem, can the appearance amount read or mistake such as the error that converts, and has also improved speed and precision that amount is read.This chi has also designed 1: 25000,1: 50000 and the distance measurements of three kind topomap on directly measuring distance at 1: 100000 and has read chi (9), (10), (11) simultaneously, promptly on the topomap of different proportion chi respectively with different distance measurements read chi can directly measure read its on the spot distance and do not need to convert again, improved the speed that amount is read.In addition, this multifunctional ruler has also designed the coordinatometer (12) of the direct amount coordinate reading on 1: 25000,1: 50,000 two kinds of topomap, and 1: 50000 topomap gradient amount reads chi (13), checked spun antung coordinatometer (14) and centimetre chi (8) etc., and the direct amount of various data is read problem when having satisfied the topography terrain with figure.Have reasonable in design, simple in structure, amount and characteristics such as read accurately, higher value for applications is arranged.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.

Embodiment:

Embodiment

With reference to Fig. 1, the multi-functional chi of reading of topography comprises disk 1, main scale 2 and auxilliary chi 3 three parts.Main scale 2 and auxilliary chi 3 connects with the center of circle of disk 1 by axle 5 and fixes.Main scale 2 and auxilliary chi 3 can rotate arbitrarily on disk by axle 5, fine line 4,17 in the middle of main scale 2 and the auxilliary chi 3 is read line for direction sign alignment and angular metric, rotate main scale 2 and auxilliary chi 3 during use by angle numerical value 6 and mil numerical value 7 on the disk 1, read with the direct amount that realizes grid azimuth, true azimuth and magnetic azimuth.

Auxilliary simultaneously chi 3 also is a centimetre of chi, if distance can directly be read with outer chi (part beyond the disk) amount of carrying out with interior at 9 centimetres, uses the amount of carrying out to read if distance can combine with centimetre chi 8 in the disk 1 above 9 centimetres.Disk 1 is except that the above, comprise that also 1: 25000 topographic maps distance measurements is read chi 9,1: 50000 topographic maps distance measurements reads chi 10 and 1: 100000 topomap distance measurements is read chi 11, the coordinate amount is read chi 12,1 on 1: 25000,1: 50,000 two kinds of topographic maps: circle 15 and 16 two kinds of standard figures of triangle of using when 50000 topomap gradient amounts are read chi 13 and checked spun antung coordinatometer 14 and indicated the some position.

Using method:

When 1, measuring the coordinate reading position angle: the first step places the fine line in the main scale 24 on 0 mil; In second step, make the fine line 17 of assisting in the chi 3 by standpoint and impact point; In the 3rd step, the mobile multifunctional chi makes the fine line 4 in the main scale coincide (promptly pointing to the coordinate north) with the coordinate ordinate, and the mil number on the disk of fine line 17 indications in the at this moment auxilliary chi 3 is the grid azimuth of this impact point.When reading the grid azimuth of impact point with this dipstick metering, no matter impact point with respect to standpoint at which quadrant, all directly the amount of carrying out is read.

When 2, amount was read true azimuth, elder generation was according to the position of starting at of drift angle figure correction main scale 2 on the topomap, if true meridian then clockwise rotates main scale 2 to drift angle mil number (promptly adding the drift angle value) by true meridian and grid convergence value in coordinate ordinate left side; If true meridian is on coordinate ordinate right side, then main scale 2 is rotated counterclockwise to drift angle mil number (promptly deducting the drift angle value) by true meridian and grid convergence value, the azimuthal method of consumption coordinate reading is then directly measured the true azimuth that the mil number of reading is this impact point again.

When 3, amount is read magnetic azimuth, its method is basic identical with the method that amount is read true azimuth, elder generation is according to the position of starting at of drift angle figure correction main scale 2 on the topomap, if the magnetic north directional ray then clockwise rotates main scale 2 to drift angle mil number (promptly adding the drift angle value) by magnetic north directional ray and grid convergence value in coordinate ordinate left side; If the magnetic north directional ray is on coordinate ordinate right side, then main scale 2 is rotated counterclockwise to drift angle mil number (promptly deducting the drift angle value) by magnetic north directional ray and grid convergence value, the azimuthal method of consumption coordinate reading is then directly measured the magnetic azimuth that the mil number of reading is impact point again.

4, measured the distance on the spot of point-to-point transmission on three kinds of topomap at 1: 25000,1: 50000,1: 100000: read chi 9,10,11 with distance measurements respectively, can on the topomap of three kinds of engineer's scales, measure the horizontal range on the spot of point-to-point transmission respectively.

5, measured coordinate reading on two kinds of topomap at 1: 25000,1: 50000: with coordinatometer 12, method is that longitudinal edge presses ordinate, horizontal edge by point, the coordinate values that can directly read certain point.

6,1: but the well sublattice coordinate of usefulness well sublattice coordinatometer 14 interpretations point on 50000 topomap; With 2 or 6 isocontour spacings of grade rod 13 comparable measures, estimate its gradient with this.

Claims (2)

1, the multi-functional chi of reading of a kind of topography, comprise disk (1), it is characterized in that: it also comprises main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3), and main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3) connect with the center of circle of disk (1) by axle (5) and be fixing, and main scale (2) and auxilliary chi (3) can rotate on disk by axle (5).

2, the multi-functional chi of reading of topography according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be shaped on also on the disk (1) that 1: 25000 topographic maps distance measurements is read chi (9), 1: 50000 topographic maps distance measurements reads chi (10) and 1: 100000 topomap distance measurements is read chi (11), the coordinate amount is read chi (12) on 1: 25000,1: 50,000 two kinds of topographic maps, gradient amount is read chi (13), checked spun antung coordinatometer (14) and centimetre chi (8).