CN1996653A - Air intake mode of the fuel battery - Google Patents
Air intake mode of the fuel battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1996653A CN1996653A CNA2006101559850A CN200610155985A CN1996653A CN 1996653 A CN1996653 A CN 1996653A CN A2006101559850 A CNA2006101559850 A CN A2006101559850A CN 200610155985 A CN200610155985 A CN 200610155985A CN 1996653 A CN1996653 A CN 1996653A
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- Prior art keywords
- air inlet
- secondary air
- runner
- gas
- flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
This invention discloses one fuel battery gas in method, wherein, the battery comprises multiple single cells, main gas in hole and exit hole, wherein, the single battery field channel exhausts from main gas in hole; the said current field board is set with secondary gas in holes to realize second gas in with pressure less than main gas pressure to improve battery gas distribution status.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intake method of fuel cell.
Background technology
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) has advantages such as low, pollution-free, the no burn into specific power of working temperature is big, startup is rapid as a kind of novel energy processing mode, has become one of focus of energy field research.The application prospect of electric generator using fuel battery group is very wide.Small-sized and miniature aspect, can build from several watts to microcomputer below 5 kilowatts and power source, such as being used for single, double people's vehicle; Home phone number, electric stove, and the long-life power supply that uses of mobile communication, notebook computer, mobile phone; Large-scale aspect can be used for tens, car, bus's truck, tank, submarine power set and the grid of hundreds of kilowatt, mine, harbour power supply etc.The widespread usage of various aspects will drive huge industrial colony, changes people's life and traditional habit, becomes the dynamic foundation of " hydrogen economic society ".
The formation of PEMFC comprises collector plate, flow-field plate, gas diffusion layers, Catalytic Layer and proton exchange membrane.Collector plate is used for collecting electronics.Flow-field plate is used to provide the passage of fuel and oxidant.Gas diffusion layers is the porous synthetic that electric conducting material is made, and it provides passage for gas is diffused into Catalytic Layer from runner on the one hand, and the Catalytic Layer to fuel cell plays support on the other hand, and gaseous diffusion layer porosity and aperture are two important parameters.The effect of Catalytic Layer is the material that makes fuel and oxidant generation electrochemical reaction, the quality of catalyst directly has influence on the quality of fuel battery performance, catalyst adopts Pt or Pt/C more at present, and this class catalyst is very expensive, accounts for larger proportion in the cost of fuel cell.In order to reduce catalyst consumption, generally catalyst is made the structure of rough porous, make it enough specific areas be arranged to promote the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.Proton exchange membrane (PEM:Proton Exchange Membrane) is very important assembly in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, and it has barrier film and electrolytical effect concurrently.Its barrier film effect stops exactly that gas communicates between the anode and cathode, prevents from that hydrogen-oxygen from mixing to blast; Its electrolytical effect is that proton is passed through, and electron transport is obstructed, and electronics just is forced through the mobile outwards output of external circuit electric energy like this.Proton exchange membrane commonly used at present is a perfluorinated sulfonic acid type solid polymer, acid molecule is fixed on the polymer, can not move freely, but proton can freely pass through electrolyte, but the mobile restriction that is subjected to the proton exchange membrane wetting conditions of proton, proton exchange membrane is wetting good more, and the proton transfer resistance is more little, also easy passing through more just, on the contrary, if proton exchange membrane is dry, proton transfer then is obstructed, and fuel battery performance just descends.The typical thickness of proton exchange membrane is 0.05mm～0.18mm.
When difference anode and negative electrode hydrogen supply and oxygen, reacting gas spreads through diffusion layer, the hydrogen atom that enters porous anode is hydrogen ion and electronics by catalyst absorption and ionization, hydrogen ion is transferred to negative electrode via proton exchange membrane, electronics in electrode, be passed to the negative pole currect collecting plate through the external circuit load flow to negative electrode, be combined into hydrone with hydrogen ion, oxygen atom on cathode catalysis layer, the water of generation is discharged with reaction end gas by electrode.Thereby the chemical reaction of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is:
Anode reaction: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O+ heat
Battery overall reaction: H
2+ 1/2O
2→ H
2O+ electric energy+heat
Can find out that by net reaction the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells unique side product is a pure water.
The desired voltage of the monocell of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is 1.229V, but owing to have various polarization in the actual use, so voltage is lower, is generally about 0.7V.The actual Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that uses mostly is the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells group, contact on electric current by a plurality of monocells, on gas circuit, compose in parallel, at this moment, cathode flow field plate and anode flow field board " back-to-back " unite two into one, and become bipolar plates, an effluent oxygen (air) of bipolar plates, another effluent hydrogen, bipolar plates has water conservancy diversion and electric action concurrently.Sometimes according to actual current, voltage and power needs, implement string, also combination on a plurality of battery circuits.
In general gas and the water distribution in the fuel cell is very inhomogeneous, and especially negative electrode has generated a large amount of water and consumed a large amount of oxygen simultaneously when high current density is worked, and causes the negative electrode water logging and concentration polarization takes place.Improve the battery performance under the high current density, the method that reduces concentration polarization is more, can adjust the humidification degree, improve electrode structure and intake method, but reduce the humidification degree, and battery performance is relatively poor under lower current density.Therefore improve intake method for strengthening water management, reduce negative electrode water logging raising battery performance and have crucial Research Significance.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of intake method of fuel cell, help strengthening the aqueous vapor discharge of negative electrode, improve the concentration of runner the second half oxygen or hydrogen, make battery keep higher service behaviour.
The present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of intake method of fuel cell, described fuel cell comprises a plurality of monocells, primary air inlet and gas outlet, monocell flow-field plate runner is by the primary air inlet air inlet, described fuel cell also is provided with the secondary air inlet mouth, the described secondary air inlet mouth realization secondary air inlet that also communicates with the flow-field plate runner, secondary air inlet pressure is less than main inlet pressure, to improve the distribution of gas in the battery.
Described secondary air inlet mouth apart from the runner import greater than 1/2nd of runner length overall, apart from runner exit greater than 1/3rd of runner length overall.All runners of secondary air inlet mouth and flow-field plate communicate, and are to realize by the bank of getting through between the runner, guarantee that secondary air inlet can be assigned in all runners.The gas flow of secondary air inlet mouth, pressure and humidification degree can be adjusted, the lower or humidification not of general secondary air inlet mouth air inlet humidification degree.
The present invention is owing to adopted above technical scheme, by increasing a secondary air inlet mouth near the runner exit place, can improve the concentration of negative electrode oxygen or anode hydrogen gas, gas flow has been taken away the water that negative electrode generates fast simultaneously, improved the water distribution of negative electrode effectively, reduce the negative electrode concentration polarization, help improving the performance of monocell, improved the stability and the life-span of fuel cell operation.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is a fuel cell air inlet schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of secondary air inlet mouth
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of second kind of secondary air inlet mouth
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the third secondary air inlet mouth
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the 4th kind of secondary air inlet mouth
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, fuel cell fixedly is made up of by the both sides end plate several monocells, and each monocell is made up of cathode flow field plate, anode flow field board, diffusion layer, Catalytic Layer and proton exchange membrane again.Monocell flow-field plate runner 2 is given vent to anger by gas outlet 5 by primary air inlet 1 air inlet.Realize that secondary air inlet mainly increases secondary air inlet mouth 4 on cathode flow field plate or anode flow field board, secondary air inlet mouth 4 communicates with runner 2.On flow-field plate, increase secondary air inlet mouth 4, have more than the many serpentine flow path that are applicable among the figure, be suitable for equally for other runners such as straight channel, single snake-like runner etc.
The position of secondary air inlet mouth 4 is not limited to position among the figure, generally should be located at position near gas outlet 5, preferably apart from the runner import greater than 1/2nd of runner length overall, apart from runner exit greater than 1/3rd of runner length overall, especially can play at negative electrode increases oxygen concentration preferably, takes away the effect of excess water.The pressure of secondary air inlet mouth 4 will be lower than primary air inlet 1 air pressure, can't enter inside battery from secondary air inlet mouth 4 to prevent gas.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, they are schematic diagrames of several secondary air inlet mouths.Two secondary air inlet mouths 4 about being provided with among Fig. 2, secondary air inlet mouth 4 communicates by all runners 2 of horizontal inlet channel 6 and flow-field plate, and it is to realize by the bank of getting through between each runner 2 of flow-field plate 3, guarantees that secondary air inlet can be assigned in all runners 2.The both sides air inlet is suitable for straight channel, is not suitable for serpentine flow path.Two secondary air inlet mouths 4 about Fig. 3 is provided with, secondary air inlet mouth 4 communicates by all runners 2 of inclination inlet channel 6 and flow-field plate, and this intake method helps reducing the distribution of gas inequality that reduces to cause along air pressure on the inclination inlet channel direction.Fig. 4 is provided with a secondary air inlet mouth 4, and inlet channel 6 is horizontally disposed with, and this structure is widely applicable, because a side-entrance makes structure more simple, and the width of horizontal inlet channel 6 can change according to air pressure change.Fig. 5 is provided with a secondary air inlet mouth 4, and inlet channel 6 is obliquely installed, and this intake method has reduced to cause because of the gas pressure change along the secondary air inlet passage influence of distribution of gas inequality by changing the width of gradient and inlet channel 6.Position and shape that secondary air inlet mouth 4 reaches the inlet channel 6 that communicates with flow-field plate are not limited to several situations shown in above-mentioned each figure.
4 gas flows of secondary air inlet mouth, pressure and humidification degree can be adjusted, the lower or humidification not of general air inlet humidification degree.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of intake method of fuel cell, described fuel cell comprises a plurality of monocells, primary air inlet (1) and gas outlet (5), monocell flow-field plate runner (2) is by primary air inlet (1) air inlet, it is characterized in that also being provided with on the described fuel cell flow field board secondary air inlet mouth (4), described secondary air inlet mouth (4) the realization secondary air inlet that also communicates with flow-field plate runner (2), secondary air inlet pressure is less than main inlet pressure, to improve the distribution of gas in the battery.
2, the intake method of fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described secondary air inlet mouth (4) apart from the runner import greater than 1/2nd of runner length overall, apart from runner exit greater than 1/3rd of runner length overall.
3, according to the intake method of claim 1 or 2 described fuel cells, it is characterized in that secondary air inlet mouth (4) communicates with all runners of flow-field plate (2), be to realize, guarantee that secondary air inlet can be assigned in all runners (2) by the bank of getting through between the runner (2) (3).
4,, it is characterized in that gas flow, pressure and the humidification degree of described secondary air inlet mouth (4) can be adjusted according to the intake method of claim 1 or 2 described fuel cells.
5, the intake method of fuel cell according to claim 4 is characterized in that the lower or humidification not of the air inlet humidification degree of secondary air inlet mouth (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101559850A CN1996653A (en) | 2006-12-31 | 2006-12-31 | Air intake mode of the fuel battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101559850A CN1996653A (en) | 2006-12-31 | 2006-12-31 | Air intake mode of the fuel battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1996653A true CN1996653A (en) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=38251639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101559850A Pending CN1996653A (en) | 2006-12-31 | 2006-12-31 | Air intake mode of the fuel battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1996653A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110112436A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Battery polar plate, fuel cell, electric vehicle and electric appliance |
-
2006
- 2006-12-31 CN CNA2006101559850A patent/CN1996653A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110112436A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Battery polar plate, fuel cell, electric vehicle and electric appliance |
| CN110112436B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2024-09-17 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Battery polar plate, fuel cell, electric vehicle and electric appliance |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |