Lathe initiative inhibition method and device of main axis bouncing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lathe initiative inhibition method and device of main axis bouncing, belong to mechanical engineering field.
Background technique
Machine tool chief axis, especially machining center electrical spindle for machine tool normally one be the cantilever beam structure of fixed end with the motor, it is characterized by spindle motor drive main spindle rotor rotation, rotor stretches out with clamping cutter or workpiece along motor one end.This external part of rotor influences machining accuracy and cutter life owing to can not satisfy dynamic balancing behind this body structure of rotor or the clamping cutter workpiece and be subjected to external force effect meeting to produce circular runout.
At the positional deviation problem of main shaft, a kind of system of measuring the lathe main spindle's and utilizing error signal to carry out main spindle's control is developed.This system's correlation technique is referring to U.S. Patent number: US3596153, title: POSITIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A MACHINETOOL.This system's major character is to measure the lathe main spindle's and error signal is passed to vector control system with control lathe machine tool chief axis position.Thereby this patent can improve the positional accuracy of main shaft and improve machining accuracy.But the control main shaft does not change the internal structure of main shaft with respect to the location of workpiece, causes the factor of circular runout still to exist.
Henan Xinji Co., Ltd.'s body goes out a kind of main shaft structure that guarantees main shaft stability, referring to China application (patent) number: 200520030563.1, title: the main shaft structure of vertical steel ball ball lapping machine.This mechanism's major character is to have an aperture to have the Biserial cylindrical roller bearing of tapering downwards between the platform in main shaft and housing, simultaneously the contacting point of main shaft and bearing is processed into corresponding tapering attachment face.This structure has improved the stability of main shaft by the method that increases main shaft and bearing cotact area, has correspondingly reduced the main shaft circular runout, but needs to adjust maintenance after main shaft weares and teares.
Simultaneously, China application (patent) number: 01134647.7, title: the inside Active Compensation method and the device of rotary main-shaft cutter axial-shift, its major character are to set up an Electromagnetic Control module at the axle tail end of main shaft inside, finely tune the axial position of axle with contactless magnetic force.But this patent need main shaft outer installment sensor directly measure the axial-shift of cutter and with the gained metrology data as feedback signal, therefore control system is comparatively complicated, and add the electromagnetic module that is located at axle tail end rear and can only control the main shaft axial runout, do not control the effect of circular runout.
In addition, U.S. Pat 6062778, title: Precision positioner fora cutting tool insert relates to the radial location method and apparatus of borer.It relates to a kind of accurate positioning device of cutting tool, and cutting tool is installed on the flexure member of boring bar end.This flexible part is parallel to a radial axle perpendicular to the cutter direction of advance; It is fixed with respect to the tool feeding direction along feed shaft; It is fixed with respect to the cutter sense of rotation along the cutting axle.Flexible part will be surveyed by a laser detector because of the displacement that contacts with workpiece or the boring bar flutter causes with cutting tool.This detected signal will be transfused to computer, and this computer rotates with boring bar and provides feedback signal to the final controlling element that links to each other with flexible part, and proofread and correct the tool position by the actuator driven flexible part.Its shortcoming is to need to adopt laser displacement sensor to detect the position of cutter and flexible part, and adopts microcomputer to handle and detect model, and system control method complexity, cost are also higher.Adopt final controlling element can cause new dynamic equilibrium problems simultaneously to the method that flexible part and cutter carry out the position adjustment, when spindle speed further improves, as the high-speed processing machine tool rotating speed up to 50000 rev/mins, the requirement on machining accuracy height, the circular runout problem displays again.At first, spindle speed improves, and the corresponding raising of main shaft requirement for dynamic balance can not effectively be controlled the main shaft circular runout even adopt above-mentioned patent to carry out balance.This is that itself also has certain dynamic equilibrium problems because the main adjusting parts of this patent all are mechanical structure, and these problems can come out under high speed rotating.Secondly, even very little main axis jerking also can make machining accuracy lose in high-accuracy processing, cause product defective.Therefore desire needs further control main shaft circular runout could satisfy the made with high precision needs.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the machinery deficiencies such as height, complex structure, performance be limited of controlling cost, proposed a kind of main shaft circular runout that reduces, be suitable for the Lathe initiative inhibition method and device of main axis bouncing of the close working machine tool assembling of high speed and super precision.
A kind of pulsation of machine tool main shaft initiatively suppresses method, it is characterized in that: on spindle rotor and main shaft scaffold, electromagnetic force coil is installed respectively, and makes it keep certain interval, form radial magnetic force coil groups and axial magnetic coil group respectively, wherein:
(a), the maximum radial amplitude that produces in this group coil installation place greater than the main shaft circular runout of the minimum value that makes described radial magnetic force coil groups gap, when maximum value satisfies the active force that makes between this group magnetic coil and is not less than this gap and is zero 50% of active force; When main shaft generation circular runout, radial magnetic force coil groups gap changes, the electromagnetism that produces forward and main shaft main shaft circular runout amplitude is made a concerted effort, and this electromagnetism resultant direction is opposite with the direction of beating, and it applies with the spindle rotor external part and makes main axis jerking be inhibited;
When (b), simultaneously, the maximum axial amplitude that the minimum value that makes described axial magnetic coil group gap produces in this group coil installation place greater than the main shaft circular runout, maximum value satisfy the active force that makes between this group coil and are not less than this gap and are zero 50% of active force; When main shaft causes the circular runout of spindle swing, axial magnetic coil group gap changes, produce forward in the electromagnetic torque of main shaft circular runout amplitude, this electromagnetic torque direction is opposite with swaying direction, and it puts on the spindle rotor external part makes main axis jerking be inhibited.
A kind of pulsation of machine tool main shaft is restraining device initiatively, and it is characterized in that: this device is made up of two groups of magnetic coil groups and a voltage source, wherein:
(a), first group of magnetic coil group be the radial magnetic force coil groups, stretches out magnetic coil I on the least significant end and magnetic coil II that be installed in scaffold on relative with it with the position and form by being installed in rotor, magnetic coil I and magnetic coil II radially have radial clearance; And when the maximum radial amplitude that the minimum value of described magnetic coil I and magnetic coil II radial clearance produces in these two coil installation places greater than the main shaft circular runout, maximum value satisfy the active force that makes between magnetic coil I and magnetic coil II and are not less than this gap and are zero 50% of active force;
(b), second group of magnetic coil group is axial magnetic coil group, between first group of magnetic coil group and rotor external part bearing, it is made up of magnetic coil III, magnetic coil IV, magnetic coil V, magnetic coil IV is installed on the scaffold, magnetic coil III and magnetic coil V are installed on the rotor and lay respectively at the both sides, axial front and back of magnetic coil IV, and magnetic coil IV and magnetic coil III, magnetic coil V have axial clearance; And when the maximum axial amplitude that the axial clearance minimum value of described magnetic coil IV and magnetic coil III, magnetic coil V produces in these three coil installation places greater than the main shaft circular runout, maximum value satisfy the active force that makes between magnetic coil IV and magnetic coil III, magnetic coil V to be not less than this gap are zero 50% of active force.
In addition, in the above-mentioned Lathe initiative inhibition method and device of main axis bouncing, described magnetic coil I, magnetic coil II, magnetic coil III, magnetic coil IV, magnetic coil V can be made up of each free plurality of sub coil, wherein, each subcoil axis normal circularizes arrangement in the rotor normal plane in the plane vertical with the spindle axis line, constitute magnetic coil, during installment state, the spindle axis line is crossed in the center of circle of being somebody's turn to do the circle that is arranged in by sub-magnetic coil.For being connected in parallel, and by the power supply power supply, magnetic coil is embedded in separately the support on the subcoil circuit in the magnetic coil, and support and spindle rotor or main shaft scaffold are fixing by being threaded.
In addition, described magnetic coil I, magnetic coil II, magnetic coil III, magnetic coil IV, magnetic coil V can be provided with the adjustable resistance that is used for finely tuning its current value.
The present invention has following effect: 1, owing to apply controlled active force at the spindle rotor external part, make the main shaft circular runout be inhibited, improved the cantilever beam structure of rotor external part, improved the rigidity of axis system; 2, the inclination that causes by the magnetic coil group control main shaft circular runout that is arranged at the rotor external part also can suppress the circular runout of main shaft; 3, the magnetic coil volume little, this device is installed need not be changed the original main structure of main shaft, easy for installation, be convenient to safeguard; 4, because electromagnetic force more factually border runout error amplitude adjust by the magnitude of voltage on the regulating winding, so easy to adjust, and can guarantee the long-term accuracy requirement of main shaft; 5, since the magnetic coil group of being installed in use position and weight are constant, therefore can in use not change the dynamic balance performance of axis system; 6, owing to utilize the big more feature of the electromagnetic field near more interaction force of distance to suppress circular runout automatically, therefore need not the complex control system that devices such as sensor and computer constitute, cost is lower.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the initiatively cross-sectional view of restraining device one preferable case study on implementation of machine tool chief axis vibration of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an initiatively enforcement state of restraining device of machine tool chief axis of the present invention vibration, and this state lower main axis does not have circular runout, the main shaft scaffold to spindle rotor to make a concerted effort be zero.
Fig. 3 is an initiatively enforcement state of restraining device of machine tool chief axis vibration of the present invention, and this state lower main axis has circular runout, and the main shaft scaffold is non-vanishing with joint efforts to spindle rotor, and this makes a concerted effort to suppress the main shaft circular runout.
Fig. 4 is an initiatively enforcement state of restraining device of machine tool chief axis vibration of the present invention, and this state lower main axis does not have circular runout, and the main shaft scaffold is zero to the resultant moment of force of spindle rotor.
Fig. 5 is an initiatively enforcement state of restraining device of machine tool chief axis vibration of the present invention, this state lower main axis has circular runout, main shaft produces beat, and the main shaft scaffold is non-vanishing to the resultant moment of force of spindle rotor, suppresses circular runout thereby this resultant moment of force suppresses the main shaft beat.
Fig. 6 initiatively suppresses an implementing procedure figure of method for machine tool chief axis vibration of the present invention.
Fig. 7 initiatively suppresses another implementing procedure figure of method for machine tool chief axis vibration of the present invention.
Label title among Fig. 1: 1, magnetic coil I, 2, magnetic coil II, 3, magnetic coil III, 4, magnetic coil IV, 5, magnetic coil V, 6, the magnetic coil lead, 7, spindle rotor, 8, main shaft scaffold, 9, main shaft bearing, 10, spindle rotor brush pivot, 11, main shaft stator brush pivot, 12, magnetic coil power supply brush pair, 13, voltage source.
Label title among Fig. 2, Fig. 3: 201, magnetic coil I is to the active force of magnetic coil II, and 61, magnetic coil I support, 62, magnetic coil II support.
Label title among Fig. 4, Fig. 5: 202, magnetic coil III is to the active force of magnetic coil IV, and 203, magnetic coil V is to the active force of magnetic coil IV, 63, magnetic coil III support, 64, magnetic coil IV support, 65, magnetic coil V support.
Label title: 301-311, method implementation step among Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
Embodiment
Lathe initiative inhibition method and device of main axis bouncing of the present invention, mainly be to utilize the Electromagnetic Control technology, apply to machine tool chief axis inside, utilize the electromagnetic torque that changes with circular runout amplitude and phase place between the electromagnetic coil group that is installed in appropriate location in the main shaft to suppress the circular runout of main shaft.Below the concrete specific embodiments that the present invention relates to method and apparatus of introducing.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 initiatively suppress two flow charts of a preferable case study on implementation of method for spindle vibration of the present invention.
Among Fig. 6, spindle vibration of the present invention initiatively suppresses method and can comprise the steps:
Step 301: main shaft entry into service as shown in Figure 1, circular runout does not take place, main shaft is in initial position, and axial magnetic coil (III, IV, V) and radial magnetic force coil (I, II) gap are even.
Step 302: because in the axial magnetic coil, the gap between coil IV and coil III and coil V is even, interaction force (202,203) is also even, and then coil III and coil V are zero to the moment of coil IV.
Step 303: main shaft runs up, and main shaft produces big circular runout, and causes the main shaft beat, and then in the axial magnetic coil, the gap between coil IV and coil III and coil V changes, and the gap is no longer even.
Step 304: because the gap between coil IV and coil III and coil V changes, the gap is inhomogeneous to cause that mutual active force (202,203) is inhomogeneous, produces moment.
Step 305: the moment values forward of generation is in the beat amplitude of main shaft circular runout in magnetic coil IV mounting point, and direction is opposite with the circular runout direction.
Step 306: this moment suppresses the main shaft circular runout, makes main shaft be tending towards initial position.
Above-mentioned steps 301 to step 306 repeats during spindle operation, shuts down up to main shaft.
Among Fig. 7, initiatively suppress the step of the another one case study on implementation of method for spindle vibration of the present invention:
Step 301: main shaft entry into service as shown in Figure 1, circular runout does not take place, main shaft is in initial position, and axial magnetic coil (III, IV, V) and radial magnetic force coil (I, II) gap are even.
Step 307: because in the radial magnetic force coil, the gap between coil I and coil II is even, interaction force (201) is also even, then coil I to coil II to make a concerted effort be zero.
Step 308: main shaft runs up, and produces big circular runout, and then in the radial magnetic force coil, the gap between coil I and coil II changes, and the gap is no longer even.
Step 309: because the gap between coil I and coil II changes, the gap is inhomogeneous to cause that mutual active force (201) is inhomogeneous, generation non-vanishing with joint efforts.
Step 310: the value forward of making a concerted effort of generation is in the beat amplitude of main shaft circular runout in magnetic coil I mounting point, and direction is opposite with the circular runout direction.
Step 311: this makes a concerted effort to suppress the main shaft circular runout, makes main shaft be tending towards initial position.
Above-mentioned steps 301 and step 307 to step 311 repeats during spindle operation, shuts down up to main shaft.
Fig. 6 and spindle vibration of the present invention shown in Figure 7 initiatively suppress method can be implemented simultaneously, also can separately implement at the situation of circular runout.When causing the main shaft beat, circular runout can adopt case study on implementation shown in Figure 6 separately, when circular runout only causes positional deviation and can adopt case study on implementation shown in Figure 7 separately when not having beat, when all taking place, above two kinds of situations then can adopt two kinds of case study on implementation of appeal simultaneously.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, be concrete case study on implementation of spindle vibration active restraining device of the present invention, it comprises the magnetic coil (II, IV) on the spindle rotor external part, magnetic coil (I, III, V) and the voltage source 13 on the main shaft scaffold, it is characterized in that:
At first, have the radial clearance of certain distance between the magnetic coil (hereinafter to be referred as coil II) of magnetic coil on the main shaft scaffold (hereinafter to be referred as coil I) and spindle rotor external part, this radial clearance is determined as follows:
A, minimum value are determined, measure the circular runout situation of main shaft when the machine tool running that the present invention relates to device not being installed, and calculate in the radially amplitude of beating that is about to the mounting point.This gap minimum value should be bigger 2 to 3 millimeters than this amplitude.
B, maximum value are determined, coil I and coil II are respectively taken out a subcoil, measure the interaction force when distance is zero between the two, the maximum force that this power can produce for both.Increasing distance between the two, only is 50% of maximum force up to interaction force, and then this spacing promptly can be used as the gap maximum value.
C, according to spindle rotor diameter and main shaft scaffold internal diameter, select suitable coil brace, make that gap width is between maximum value and minimum value between coil V and coil II.
Subcoil all circularizes arrangement in two coil groups, and coil I and coil II concentric, coil II is in coil I, and two coil groups are in same plane, by control circuit two coil groups are switched on, then produce interaction force between the coil of position counterpart in two coil groups.Do not have circular runout ideally at main shaft, when two coil groups radial distances equate everywhere, coil I to coil II to make a concerted effort be zero, promptly scaffold is zero to the active force of rotor external part.When main shaft generation circular runout is, the position of rotor external part axis and scaffold changes, coil I equates with the radial spacing of coil II no longer everywhere, distance reduces to locate the interaction force increase of corresponding coil, then reduce apart from increase place, coil I is non-vanishing with joint efforts to coil II's, and the big or small forward that should make a concerted effort is in the size of circular runout value, and the opposite direction of sensing main shaft circular runout, so this can effectively suppress to resist the circular runout of main shaft with joint efforts.On the control coil group magnitude of voltage and when adjusting voltage swing and guarantee that coil I and coil II are concentric according to the sensing capability of coil, coil I to coil II to make a concerted effort be zero.
Secondly, the main shaft scaffold is provided with magnetic coil III (hereinafter to be referred as coil III) and magnetic coil V (hereinafter to be referred as coil V), and the rotor external part is provided with magnetic coil IV (hereinafter to be referred as coil IV).Coil III, coil IV and coil V interior loop be circular array all, these three magnetic coil centers of circle are on same straight line, and this straight line is vertical with the disc of each coil groups, and promptly these three coils stack, and stack order and from top to bottom are followed successively by: coil V, coil IV, coil III.Have certain interval between coil V and coil IV, also have the same axial gap between coil IV and coil III, make this three coil electricities by voltage source, coil III and coil V can produce active force to coil IV.Above-mentioned axial clearance can be determined with reference to the method for radial clearance.Under main shaft does not have radially situation, between coil III, coil IV axially between gap and coil IV, coil V axially the gap location place equate, the main shaft scaffold to rotor to make a concerted effort be zero.When main shaft generation circular runout, coil IV run-off the straight, axial clearance between itself and coil III and coil V becomes inhomogeneous, scaffold is non-vanishing with joint efforts to rotor, the size of this power becomes positive relationship with the tilt angle that causes of beating, and point to the true dip direction opposite direction, this power forms moment loading to rotor, suppresses circular runout.
Simultaneously, at the size of spindle power, rotating speed, the output voltage of regulating voltage power supply 13 changes the active force between the magnetic coil group.Spindle power is big more, rotating speed is high more, and it is also big more to suppress the required electromagnetic torque of circular runout, can realize by the magnitude of voltage that increases voltage source.
Electromagnetic coil I, III on the scaffold, V directly are connected with power supply by lead; Thereby epitrochanterian electromagnetic coil II, IV are connected with voltage source 13 by secondary 12 bindings of magnetic coil lead 6 and the brush in being arranged on main shaft.
Simultaneously, magnetic coil I, magnetic coil II, magnetic coil III, magnetic coil IV, magnetic coil V contain the adjustable resistance that is used for finely tuning its current value.Magnetic coil I
-Each subcoil among the V is all connected with an adjustable resistance, regulates the current value of the resistance value of adjustable resistance with fine setting series connection with it subcoil, thereby finely tunes the magnetic intensity that this subcoil produces.For each magnetic coil, thereby the adjustable resistance that can regulate its inner sub-coil is realized the magnetic intensity unanimity that its inner sub-coil produces, and realizes the symmetrical distribution of magnetic coil Circumferential field intensity.Stability when the magnetic field that is symmetrically distributed helps the present invention relates to the running of machine tool chief axis vibration active restraining device.
The above only is a better embodiment of the Lathe initiative inhibition method and device of main axis bouncing that the present invention relates to, but practical range of the present invention is not limited thereto example.