CN1989351A - Hollow power transmission shaft and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Hollow power transmission shaft and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1989351A CN1989351A CN 200580025004 CN200580025004A CN1989351A CN 1989351 A CN1989351 A CN 1989351A CN 200580025004 CN200580025004 CN 200580025004 CN 200580025004 A CN200580025004 A CN 200580025004A CN 1989351 A CN1989351 A CN 1989351A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of manufacturing a hollow power transmission shaft capable of securing stable quality even if a difference in wall thickness and a difference in hardening rate are present in the axial direction of the transmission shaft. A movable induction heating coil (5) is wrapped around the outer peripheral surface (1g) of a hollow shaft raw material (1'), and moved in the axial direction while flowing a high-frequency current with a specified frequency to the induction heating coil (5) to induction-harden the shaft raw material from the outer peripheral surface (1g). In this case, for small diameter parts (1b) with a rather large wall thickness, the frequency of the high-frequency current led to the induction heating coil (5) is relatively reduced, and for a large diameter part (1a) with a rather small wall thickness, the frequency of the high-frequency current led to the induction heating coil (5) is relatively increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be linked to the hollow shape power transmission shaft and the manufacture method thereof of joints such as constant speed free joint.Hollow shape power transmission shaft of the present invention can be applicable to as lower device, as the live axle (live axle) and the cardan shaft (cardan shaft) of the power-transmission system that constitutes automobile.
Background technique
For example, in the power-transmission system of automobile,, be called as live axle (live axle) from the power transmission shaft of speed reducer (differential motion) to the driving wheel transferring power.Especially at the live axle that is used for the FF car, owing to when the front-wheel steering, require big operating angle and constant speed, in addition, fastening the function that requires to absorb axial displacement with the pass of suspension arrangement, so the structure that adopts is mostly, via sliding-type constant speed free joints such as the constant speed free joint of double offset (double offset) type or tripod (tripod) type constant speed free joints the one end is linked to the speed reducer side, its other end is linked to driven wheel side via ball cage (birfield) type constant speed free joint fixed side constant speed free joints such as (being also sometimes referred to as the Zhe Pashi universal joint).
As aforesaid live axle, no matter be in the past or now, what use mostly is solid shaft, but, from the lightweight of automobile, by the rigidity that increases live axle improve its function, tuning optimization by a crooked eigentone improves the viewpoints such as quietness in the compartment, and the requirement of live axle hollow axiation is increased.
As being applicable to hollow shape power transmission shafts such as live axle, for example, known have a content described in the following patent documentation 1～3.
In patent documentation 1, spread all over axial almost whole zone the interior perimeter surface of quill shaft is carried out the hermo-hardening processing.This hermo-hardening is handled and is meant, for example, implements the high frequency hardening tempering by the outer surface side from quill shaft, and (with reference to the paragraph sequence number 0012 of this patent documentation) implemented in the entire depth zone from outer surface to interior perimeter surface.
In patent documentation 2, for example,, spread all over the axial almost whole zone of quill shaft by the high frequency hardening tempering, hermo-hardening is implemented in the zone of the entire depth from outer surface to interior perimeter surface handled (with reference to the paragraph sequence number 0012 of this patent documentation).
In patent documentation 3,, quill shaft is carried out high frequency hardening with 0.7～0.9 quenching rate for static strength and the torsional fatigue strength that makes quill shaft reaches on the solid shaft.
In addition, in this quill shaft, the spline that will be used to be linked to constant speed free joint etc. sometimes is formed on its end.As the mould-forming method of this spline, be well known that on axle direction the punch die (dies) that is provided with the spline forming section in shaft end is pressed into week, be so-called punch process (for example patent documentation 4).Punch process is compared with rotation processing, even have the advantage that the thin workpiece of wall thickness also can be tackled.
In addition, be applicable to the hollow shape power transmission shaft of live axle etc., by making as follows: for example, tube type material is implemented deep-draw processing, be formed in the hollow shape shaft material that the axle direction intermediate portion has large-diameter portion, has minor diameter in the axle direction both sides, after as required this hollow shape shaft material having been implemented necessary machining, implement heat treatment (for example patent documentation 5,6).
In addition, this kind hollow shape power transmission shaft for the oiling agent (lubricating grease) that prevents to be enclosed in constant speed free joint inside invades hollow portion, is equipped with sealing latch (plug) week in the end of hollow portion.This sealing latch sometimes also uses fabricated metals, but in order to manage the amount of being pressed into of hollow portion and to be pressed into the position, be necessary by cutting Zhou Jinhang fine finishing in the end, thus the problem that exists processing cost to uprise.Therefore, sealing latch (patent documentation 7) that forms with chloroprene rubber (CR) or nitrile butadiene rubber rubber such as (NBR) and the sealing latch (patent documentation 8) that forms with elastomer are proposed.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens the 2002-349538 communique;
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2002-356742 communique;
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2003-90325 communique;
Patent documentation 4: the spy opens the 2003-094141 communique;
Patent documentation 5: the spy opens flat 11-101259 communique;
Patent documentation 6: the spy opens the 2001-208037 communique;
Patent documentation 7: the spy opens flat 6-281010 communique;
Patent documentation 8: the spy opens flat 9-68233 communique
In general, this hollow shape power transmission shaft, in order to seek high rigidization and lightweight, the axle direction intermediate portion forms large-diameter portion and wall ratio is thinner, and the minor diameter of axle direction both sides forms thicker wall thickness in order to ensure intensity.So, this hollow shape power transmission shaft because wall thickness difference is arranged, so be difficult to set quenching condition sometimes, can't be guaranteed stable quality by heat treatment on axle direction.That is, when setting quenching condition, can't obtain needed intensity inadequately at the thicker minor diameter case depth of wall thickness sometimes being matched with the thin large-diameter portion of wall thickness.On the other hand, be matched with the thicker minor diameter of wall thickness when setting quenching condition, be in heated state in the thin large-diameter portion of wall thickness sometimes, becoming the reason of organizing thickization and intensity to reduce that causes after the quenching.
In addition, in this hollow shape power transmission shaft, in order to improve strength balance etc., for example change quenching rate (ratio of case depth and wall thickness) sometimes in large-diameter portion and minor diameter, in existing manufacture method, produce unfavorable condition same as described above sometimes.
In addition, in the spline that utilizes existing punch process to carry out is shaped, shaft end is being pressed on axle direction in the process of punch die, material is sometimes to the opposite direction plastic flow that is pressed into, and because this material amount of flow is bigger, the shape of the spline after so be shaped, the transverse tooth thickness of its terminal part are partly compared with shaft end side, are relatively become big, the O.P.D. of the terminal part the earth increase of comparing with other parts.Here, O.P.D. (roller outer bus diameter) is the pin of the toothed portions of relative 180 degree of spline being joined each specified diameter, is determined at the largest interval size between two pins on the diametric(al) of axle and the value that obtains.As the alternative of pin, the occasion (the outer spot diameter of steel ball) of the steel ball that uses specified diameter is arranged also.If make the spline of the bigger shape that has increased of the O.P.D. of such terminal part be embedded in splined holes inner ring etc., the opposite side parts of constant speed free joint for example, then the part effect that has increased because of O.P.D. has the power that the spline part that makes splined hole separates, the possibility that exists the opposite side strength of materials to descend.
And then, axle and opposite side parts being carried out spline when chimeric,, sometimes axle being applied helix angle, but in the spline of the bigger shape that has increased of the O.P.D. of terminal part in order to suppress loosening (gap) of telescoping part, the best that is difficult to carry out helix angle is set.
In addition, the rubber system of patent documentation 7 sealing latch must be used bigger power owing to be pressed into hollow portion, so just exist assembling operation to need the problem of time.
Because the elasticity system of patent documentation 8 is sealed latch, go back and used the block of inserted-shape memory alloy system, can realize the simplification of assembling operation, but bring the increase of number of components.
In addition, all sealing latches are owing to being to be shaped as the shape of needs and the shape of product of size, so the problem that also exists manufacturing cost to uprise.
Summary of the invention
Problem of the present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of hollow shape power transmission shaft, even there be the poor of wall thickness difference and quenching rate in this hollow shape power transmission shaft on axle direction, also can guarantee stable quality.
Another problem of the present invention provides a kind of manufacture method, and it can be by be shaped the accurately spline of this hollow shape power transmission shaft of punch process.
And then the closed operation that another problem of the present invention provides a kind of hollow portion is easy, number of components is few, light-duty and hollow shape power transmission shaft cheaply.
In order to solve described problem, the invention provides a kind of manufacture method of hollow shape power transmission shaft, the axle direction intermediate portion of this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms large-diameter portion, and the both sides on the axle direction of large-diameter portion form minor diameter respectively, wherein, tube material is implemented plastic working, the hollow shape shaft material that is shaped and has large-diameter portion and minor diameter, to this hollow shape shaft material, carry out high frequency hardening with the frequency of other zones, change high frequency current in the regulation zone.
Usually, high frequency hardening is to utilize the electromagnetic induction that is caused by high frequency current, near surface to steel heats, thereby the heat treatment method that quenches, but be well known that, frequency at the high frequency current of load coil circulation is high more, and there is the tendency that sharply reduces towards central part in the concentrated more circulation of induction current (foucault current) that is produced by electromagnetic induction near steel surface.That is, the frequency of high frequency current is high more, and near the skin effect that induction current concentrates on the steel surface becomes big more, and on the contrary, the frequency of high frequency current is low more, and above-mentioned skin effect becomes more little.Therefore, poor by corresponding to the axial wall thickness difference of hollow shape shaft material and quenching rate, carry out high frequency hardening in the regulation zone with the frequency of other zones, change high frequency current, can improve the heat treatment quality at each position, and can guarantee the stable quality of entire product.
As mentioned above, usually, this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms the wall thickness of the large-diameter portion of axle direction intermediate portion thinner, and forms the wall thickness of the minor diameter of axle direction both sides thicker.Therefore, by relatively increasing the frequency of the high frequency current when the large-diameter portion of hollow shape shaft material is carried out high frequency hardening, and relatively reduce the frequency of the high frequency current when the minor diameter of hollow shape shaft material is carried out high frequency hardening, thereby can improve the heat treatment quality of large-diameter portion and minor diameter, can guarantee the stabilizing quality of entire product.
In addition,, fixation mode and move mode are arranged, in the present invention, can adopt any mode as the mode of high frequency hardening.When adopting the fixation mode, can dispose a plurality of load coils corresponding to the kind of the frequency of high frequency current.When adopting move mode, make frequency change at the high frequency current of load coil circulation.
As above-mentioned plastic working, adopt die forging processing or punch process etc.In the former die forging processing, swage machining and link type (link type) die forging is arranged, can adopt wherein any.For example, swage machining is that one or more pairs of punch dies and the shredder assembled on the main shaft in machine are rotated motion, carry out moving up and down of certain stroke by the projection on periphery roller and the shredder simultaneously, the tube material that is inserted into is applied impact, carry out the processing method of deep-draw processing.In addition, punch process is the processing method that on axle direction tube material is pressed into punch die and carries out deep-draw processing.
In addition, as the material of tube material, can use machinery such as STKM or STMA for example to add to be used to steel for carburizing such as the alloyed steel of the alloying element that improves processability and hardenability etc. or SCr, SCM, SNCM with structural carbon steel or as base material.
In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention provides a kind of manufacture method of hollow shape power transmission shaft, the axle direction intermediate portion of this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms large-diameter portion, and the two end part on the axle direction of large-diameter portion form minor diameter respectively, end in minor diameter has formed spline, wherein, tube material is implemented deep-draw processing, formation has the hollow shape shaft material of large-diameter portion and minor diameter, prepare a kind of punch die, this punch die has the spline forming section in interior week, and the maximum diameter of spline forming section is greater than the outer end diameter of the minor diameter of hollow shape shaft material, and the minimum diameter of spline forming section is less than the outer end diameter of the minor diameter of hollow shape shaft material, on axle direction, the end of the minor diameter of shaft material is pressed into the spline forming section of punch die, at this end formed spline.
Maximum diameter by the spline forming section that will be provided with, set for greater than the outer end diameter of the minor diameter of hollow shape shaft material and with the minimum diameter of spline forming section and set outer end diameter for less than the minor diameter of hollow shape shaft material in interior week of punch die, thereby on axle direction, shaft end is pressed in the process of punch die, the mode plastic flow that the part of material is gushed out towards the maximum diameter of spline forming section, the quantity of material that flows to the back-pressure Inbound has also reduced than existing.For this reason, can be suppressed at the increase of transverse tooth thickness of the terminal part of spline, and the spline that can be shaped accurately.
Preferably, when spline was shaped, the maximum diameter of spline did not contact with the maximum diameter of the spline forming section of punch die.Material with the mode plastic flow gushed out towards the maximum diameter of the spline forming section of punch die can not be contacted with the maximum diameter of spline forming section, thereby not have material to be detained at the intake section of punch die, and the quantity of material that flows to the back-pressure Inbound further reduces.Thus, spline better can precision be shaped.
In addition, as the material of the tube material that forms axle, can use machinery such as STKM or STMA for example to add to be used to the metallic material of steel for carburizing such as the alloyed steel of the alloying element that improves processability and hardenability etc. or SCr, SCM, SNCM etc. with structural carbon steel or as base material.In addition, as tube material, can also adopt any of non-joint pipe (weldless tube), electric slit-tube, welded tube and drawn tube.
In addition, as above-mentioned plastic working, die forging processing or punch process etc. are arranged.In the former die forging processing, swage machining and link type die forging are arranged, can adopt wherein any.For example, swage machining is that one or more pairs of punch dies and the shredder assembled on the main shaft in machine are rotated motion, carry out moving up and down of certain stroke by the projection on periphery roller and the shredder simultaneously, the tube material that is inserted into is applied impact, carry out the processing method of deep-draw processing.In addition, punch process is the processing method that on axle direction tube material is pressed into punch die and carries out deep-draw processing.Such deep-draw processing can be just carried out partly at the axle direction both sides of tube material, can also carry out at the axial whole zone of tube material.
In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the invention provides a kind of hollow shape power transmission shaft, the axle direction intermediate portion of this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms large-diameter portion, and the two end part on the axle direction of large-diameter portion form minor diameter respectively, have hollow portion in interior week, wherein, utilize the Foamex that is filled in hollow portion to seal hollow portion.
In said structure, the end regions that Foamex is filled in hollow portion at least gets final product, but from the filling operation of simplifying Foamex, in addition from the viewpoint of the sealing effect that improves hollow portion, preferably Foamex is filled in the axial whole zone of hollow portion.
As above-mentioned Foamex, can adopt foaming urethane, expanded polystyrene, expanded polypropylene etc.From viewpoints such as durability, thermal insulation, light weight, self cementability, Economy, the urethane that preferably foams, especially preferred hard foamed urethane.
The invention effect
According to the present invention, can provide a kind of manufacture method of hollow shape power transmission shaft, even under the situation of the difference that has wall thickness difference or quenching rate on the axle direction, also can guarantee stable quality.
In addition, according to the present invention, can pass through punch process, the spline of this hollow shape power transmission shaft that is shaped accurately.
In addition, according to the present invention, owing to utilize the Foamex that is filled in hollow portion to seal hollow portion, so compare with the existing structure of the sealing latch that adopts metallic, rubber system or elasticity system, the closed operation that a kind of hollow portion can be provided easily, the quantity of parts is few and light weight, hollow shape power transmission shaft cheaply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of the power transmission mechanism of expression automobile;
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of the power transmission shaft of expression mode of execution;
Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing of expression hollow shape shaft material;
Fig. 4 is the sectional drawing of the power transmission shaft of other mode of executions of expression;
Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing of the power transmission shaft of other mode of executions of expression;
Fig. 6 is the sectional drawing of the power transmission shaft of other mode of executions of expression;
Fig. 7 is the part sectioned view of other hollow shape power transmission shafts of expression;
Fig. 8 of Fig. 8 (a) is the longitudinal section of the spline forming section of expression punch die, and Fig. 8 (b) is the drawing in side sectional elevation of the spline forming section of expression punch die;
Fig. 9 is the sectional drawing of the joint of power transmission shaft;
Figure 10 of Figure 10 (a) is the amplification profile of expression punch process operation, and Figure 10 (b) is the amplification profile of the spline terminal part of power transmission shaft;
Figure 11 is result's the figure that the O.P.D. increasing amount of spline has been measured in expression;
Figure 12 of Figure 12 (a) is the amplification profile of punch process of expression comparative example, and Figure 12 (b) is the amplification profile of spline terminal part of the power transmission shaft of expression comparative example;
Figure 13 is the part sectioned view of the power transmission shaft of other mode of executions of expression.
Symbol description:
The 1-power transmission shaft;
The 11-power transmission shaft;
The 21-power transmission shaft;
The 31-power transmission shaft;
1 '-the hollow shape tube material;
The 1a-large-diameter portion;
The 1b-minor diameter;
The 1d-linking department;
The 1d1-spline;
The 4-punch die;
4a-spline forming section;
The bottom of 4a1-profile of tooth;
The top of 4a2-profile of tooth;
4c-punch die hole;
L-spline forming section length;
The external diameter of the linking department 1d of Φ A-hollow shape shaft material;
The maximum diameter of the spline forming section 4a of Φ B-punch die 4;
The minimum diameter of the spline forming section 4a of Φ C-punch die 4
δ-O.P.D. increasing amount;
The 1f-hollow portion;
The 4-Foamex.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention are described.
What Fig. 1 represented is the power transmission mechanism of automobile, and it has: the power transmission shaft 1 of hollow shape, the sliding-type constant speed free joint 2 that links with an end of power transmission shaft 1 and the free joint 3 of fixed type constant velocity that is linked to the other end of power transmission shaft 1.In the power transmission mechanism of this mode of execution, sliding-type constant speed free joint 2 is linked to speed reducer (differential motion), and the free joint 3 of fixed type constant velocity is linked to driven wheel side.One end of power transmission shaft 1 is linked to the tripod parts 2a of sliding-type constant speed free joint 2 by spline, and safety cover (boots) 2c is fixed on the end periphery of outer ring 2b of sliding-type constant speed free joint 2 and the periphery of power transmission shaft 1 respectively.In addition, the other end of power transmission shaft 1 is linked to the inner ring 3a of the free joint 3 of fixed type constant velocity by spline, and safety cover 3c is fixed on the end periphery of outer ring 3b of the free joint 3 of fixed type constant velocity and the periphery of power transmission shaft 1 respectively.And, in same figure, as being tripod-type constant speed free joint shown in sliding-type constant speed free joint 2 examples, as being Rzeppa shape constant speed free joint shown in free joint 3 examples of fixed type constant velocity, but also use the constant speed free joint of other patterns sometimes.
Fig. 2 represents power transmission shaft (live axle) 1.This power transmission shaft 1 is hollow shape on axial whole zone, have large-diameter portion 1a at the axle direction intermediate portion, and the both sides on the axle direction of large-diameter portion 1a have minor diameter 1b.Large-diameter portion 1a and minor diameter 1b are via linking together towards the diminishing tapering 1c of shaft end side diameter.Minor diameter 1b has: be used for the linking department 1d of the tip side that links with constant speed free joint (2,3) and the fixing safety cover fixing part 1e of the axle direction intermediate portion side of safety cover (2c, 3c).1d is formed with at linking department: spline is linked to the spline 1d1 and the restriction race 1d2 of constant speed free joint (2,3), and this restriction race 1d2 is used for installing the limited wheel that prevents constant speed free joint (2, the 3) usefulness that comes off on axle direction.Be formed with the telescoping groove 1e1 in the interior week of the small-diameter end portions that is used for chimeric safety cover (2c, 3c) at safety cover fixing part 1e.
The wall thickness of large-diameter portion 1a forms thinlyyer, and the wall thickness of minor diameter 1b forms thicklyer.The ratio of the wall thickness of minor diameter 1b on the wall ratio of large-diameter portion 1a (large-diameter portion 1a/ minor diameter 1b) is for example below 0.7.
In addition, shown in the hatching among this figure, this power transmission shaft 1 spreads all over the almost whole zone on axle direction, has the hardened layer S that forms by Quenching Treatment.In axial whole zone, hardened layer S is formed on the zone of prescribed depth h from outer surface 1g, and the zone from hardened layer S to interior perimeter surface li is the unhardened layer of S0 that not have sclerosis by Quenching Treatment.With the quenching rate α that the ratio (h/t) of the degree of depth h of hardened layer S0 with the above hardness of Rockwell hardness HRC 40 (Hv391) and wall thickness t defines, for example, be to be more than 0.6 below 0.6, for minor diameter 1b for large-diameter portion 1a.
The power transmission shaft 1 of said structure is by making as follows: for example tube material is implemented deep-draw processing, form for the hollow shape shaft material that has large-diameter portion at the axle direction intermediate portion, has minor diameter in the axle direction both sides, in the machining of this hollow shape shaft material having been implemented need (the rotation processing of spline etc.) afterwards, implement Quenching Treatment.
Fig. 3 represent before the Quenching Treatment hollow shape tube material 1 '.At first, machinery is implemented die forging with structural carbon steel (STKM) tube material of etc.ing process, be configured as at the axle direction intermediate portion and have large-diameter portion 1a, have the form of minor diameter 1b in the axle direction both sides.Then, thereby wait shaping spline 1d1 to form linking department 1d by rotation processing, and form restriction race 1d2 at linking department 1d by rotation processing or cutting etc. in the end of minor diameter 1b.And then, form safety cover fixed groove 1e1 at the position that becomes safety cover fixing part 1e by rotation processing or cutting etc.
Afterwards, as shown in Figure 3, hollow shape shaft material 1 ' outer surface 1g side, the portable load coil 5 of for example outer dress, at the high frequency current of load coil 5 by assigned frequency, it is moved at axle direction, begin to carry out high frequency hardening from outer surface 1g side.At this moment, the minor diameter 1b thicker with respect to wall thickness reduces the frequency of the high frequency current that passes through at load coil 5 relatively, with respect to the thin large-diameter portion 1a of wall thickness, the frequency of the high frequency current that passes through at load coil 5 improved relatively.Thus, between large-diameter portion 1a and minor diameter 1b, there is wall thickness difference, in addition,, also can improves the heat treatment quality at each position, and can guarantee whole stable quality even under the situation of the difference that is provided with quenching rate α.
Fig. 4 represents the power transmission shaft 11 of the hollow shape of other mode of executions.The power transmission shaft 11 of this mode of execution with the difference of above-mentioned power transmission shaft 1 is: for large-diameter portion 1a, quenching rate α is 1.0, that is, the whole wall thickness t that spreads all over large-diameter portion 1a is formed with hardened layer S.Because other item is a benchmark with above-mentioned mode of execution, so omitted the explanation that repeats.
Fig. 5 represents the power transmission shaft 21 of the hollow shape of other mode of executions.The power transmission shaft 21 of this mode of execution with the difference of above-mentioned power transmission shaft 1 is: spread all over axial whole zone, quenching rate α is 1.0, that is, the whole wall thickness t that spreads all over axial whole zone is formed with hardened layer S.Because other item is a benchmark with above-mentioned mode of execution, so omitted the explanation that repeats.
Fig. 6 represents the power transmission shaft 31 of the hollow shape of other mode of executions.The power transmission shaft 31 of this mode of execution with the difference of above-mentioned power transmission shaft 1 is: for minor diameter 1b, quenching rate α is 1.0, that is, the whole wall thickness t that spreads all over minor diameter 1b is formed with hardened layer S.Because other item is a benchmark with above-mentioned mode of execution, so omitted the explanation that repeats.
Fig. 7 represents the power transmission shaft (live axle) 1 of other mode of executions.This power transmission shaft 1 spreads all over axial whole zone and is hollow shape, has large-diameter portion 1a at the axle direction intermediate portion, and has minor diameter 1b in the both sides on axle direction of large-diameter portion 1a.Large-diameter portion 1a and minor diameter 1b are via linking together towards the diminishing tapering 1c of shaft end side diameter.Minor diameter 1b has: be used for the linking department 1d of the tip side that links with constant speed free joint (2,3) and the fixing safety cover fixing part 1e of the axle direction intermediate portion side of safety cover (2c, 3c).1d is formed with at linking department: spline is linked to the spline 1d1 and the restriction race 1d2 of constant speed free joint (2,3), and this restriction race 1d2 is used for installing the limited wheel that prevents constant speed free joint (2, the 3) usefulness that comes off on axle direction.Be formed with the telescoping groove 1e1 in the interior week of the small-diameter end portions that is used for chimeric safety cover (2c, 3c) at safety cover fixing part 1e.
In addition, remove from beginning the part zone up to axle head near the restriction race 1d2, this power transmission shaft 1 has the hardened layer that forms through Quenching Treatment at axial almost gamut.This hardened layer is formed on zone or the entire depth zone from the outer surface to the prescribed depth.
The power transmission shaft 1 of said structure is by making as follows: for example tube material is implemented die forging processing, form for the hollow shape shaft material that has large-diameter portion 1a at the axle direction intermediate portion, has minor diameter 1b in the axle direction both sides, in the machining of this hollow shape shaft material having been implemented need (the shaping processing of spline 1d1 etc.) afterwards, implement Quenching Treatment.
Fig. 8 is illustrated in the punch die 4 that uses in the operation of linking department 1d shaping spline 1d1 of minor diameter 1b of hollow shape shaft material.Punch die 4 has punch die hole 4c, has spline forming section 4a in the inboard zone of this punch die hole 4c.Spline forming section 4a has and the corresponding flute profile of shape that should be formed on the spline 1d1 (with reference to Fig. 9) on the linking department 1d of hollow shape shaft material, this maximum diameter (diameter of the bottom 4a1 of flute profile) is set to Φ B, and minimum diameter (diameter of the top 4a2 of flute profile) is set to Φ C.
As shown in figure 10, the maximum diameter of the spline forming section 4a of punch die 4 (diameter of the bottom 4a1 of flute profile) Φ B, be set to greatlyyer than the external diameter Φ A of the linking department 1d of hollow shape shaft material, minimum diameter (diameter of the top 4a2 of flute profile) Φ C is set to littler than external diameter Φ A.Then, on axle direction, the linking department 1d of hollow shape shaft material is pressed into the spline forming section 4a of such punch die 4.So, cause the plastic flow of the material of a part of linking department 1d to cause that mobile material flows towards the maximum diameter (the bottom 4a1 of flute profile) of spline forming section 4a with gushing out, thus, at the periphery shaping spline 1d1 of linking department 1d.In this embodiment, set the relation between Φ A, Φ B, the Φ C, make material with the mode plastic flow gushed out towards the maximum diameter (the bottom 4a1 of flute profile) of spline forming section 4a, can not be contacted with the maximum diameter (the bottom 4a1 of flute profile) of spline forming section 4a.
By setting the relation between Φ A, Φ B, the Φ C as mentioned above like that, when the shaping of spline 1d1, there is not material to be detained at the intake section of the spline forming section 4a of punch die 4, the quantity of material that flows to the back-pressure Inbound further reduces.Therefore, spline 1d1 is at its terminal part, and O.P.D. can not increase significantly, can be shaped accurately.At this, as shown in Figure 9, O.P.D. (roller outer bus diameter) is the pin 5 of the toothed portions of relative 180 degree of spline 1d1 being joined each specified diameter, is determined at the largest interval size between two pins 5 on the diametric(al) of linking department 1d and the value that obtains.
As mentioned above, shaping spline 1d1 after the telescoping groove 1e1 of restriction race 1d2 and safety cover fixing part 1e etc. has been carried out processing, forms hardened layer thereby the hollow shape shaft material is implemented Quenching Treatment.As Quenching Treatment, according to the material of tube material and the desired characteristic of power transmission shaft etc., can adopt various means such as high frequency hardening, carburizing and quenching, nitrocarburizing quenching, but from the scope that can freely select hardened layer and the degree of depth, improve because of produced the viewpoints such as endurance fatigue that residual compression stress causes on the surface in addition, preferably adopt high frequency hardening.For example, the outer surface side configuring high-frequency load coil at the hollow shape shaft material carries out high frequency hardening from outer surface one side.This high frequency hardening can quench by fixation type, portable any mode of quenching is carried out.
For: the embodiment who under above-mentioned sample attitude, spline 1d1 is formed in the linking department 1d of hollow shape shaft material minor diameter 1b, with the comparative example of the linking department 11d of the minor diameter 11b that under state shown in Figure 12, with spline 11d1, forms in the hollow shape shaft material, measured the increasing amount δ of O.P.D..Its result as shown in figure 11.
As shown in figure 12, in comparative example,, set less than the external diameter Φ A of the linking department 11d of hollow shape shaft material with maximum diameter (diameter of the bottom 14a1 of flute profile) the Φ B of the spline forming section 14a of punch die 14.Then, on axle direction, the linking department 11d of hollow shape shaft material is pressed into the spline forming section 14a of such punch die 14.Spline 11d1 has been shaped.
Can know from measurement result shown in Figure 11, in an embodiment, the increasing amount of O.P.D. is fewer in the terminal part (the increase zone of O.P.D.) of spline, but in comparative example, the increasing amount of O.P.D. enlarges markedly in the terminal part (the increase zone of O.P.D.) of spline.
Figure 13 represents the power transmission shaft (live axle) 1 of other mode of executions.This power transmission shaft 1 spreads all over axial whole zone and is hollow shape, has large-diameter portion 1a at the axle direction intermediate portion, and has minor diameter 1b in the both sides on axle direction of large-diameter portion 1a.Large-diameter portion 1a and minor diameter 1b are via linking together towards the diminishing tapering 1c of shaft end side diameter.Minor diameter 1b has: be used for the linking department 1d of the tip side that links with constant speed free joint (2,3) and the fixing safety cover fixing part 1e of the axle direction intermediate portion side of safety cover (2c, 3c).1d is formed with at linking department: spline is linked to the spline 1d1 and the restriction race 1d2 of constant speed free joint (2,3), and this restriction race 1d2 is used for installing the limited wheel that prevents constant speed free joint (2, the 3) usefulness that comes off on axle direction.Be formed with the telescoping groove 1e1 in the interior week of the small-diameter end portions that is used for chimeric safety cover (2c, 3c) at safety cover fixing part 1e.
In addition, remove from beginning the part zone up to axle head near the restriction race 1d2, this power transmission shaft 1 has the hardened layer that forms through Quenching Treatment at axial almost gamut.This hardened layer is formed on zone or the entire depth zone from the outer surface to the prescribed depth.
And then this power transmission shaft 1 at the hollow portion 1f in interior week filling-foam resin 4, thereby utilizes Foamex 4 sealing hollow portion 1f.In this embodiment, Foamex 4 is hard foamed urethane, and in addition, Foamex 4 is filled in the axial whole zone of hollow portion 1f.Utilization is filled in the Foamex 4 of hollow portion 1f, and the lubricating grease that prevents to be closed in the inside of constant speed free joint (2,3) invades hollow portion 1f.
The power transmission shaft 1 of said structure is by making as follows: for example tube material is implemented deep-draw processing, form for the hollow shape shaft material that has large-diameter portion 1a at the axle direction intermediate portion, has minor diameter 1b in the axle direction both sides, in the machining of this hollow shape shaft material having been implemented need (the rotation processing of spline 1d1 etc.) afterwards, implement Quenching Treatment, and then at hollow portion 1f filling-foam resin 4.
As the material of above-mentioned tube material, can use machinery such as STKM or STMA for example to add to be used to steel for carburizing such as the alloyed steel of the alloying element that improves processability and hardenability etc. or SCr, SCM, SNCM with structural carbon steel or as base material.In addition, as tube material, can also adopt any of non-joint pipe (weldless tube), electric slit-tube, welded tube and drawn tube.
Deep-draw processing as above-mentioned has die forging processing or punch process etc.In the former die forging processing, swage machining and link type die forging are arranged, can adopt wherein any.For example, swage machining is that one or more pairs of punch dies and the shredder assembled on the main shaft in machine are rotated motion, carry out moving up and down of certain stroke by the projection on periphery roller and the shredder simultaneously, the tube material that is inserted into is applied impact, carry out the processing method of deep-draw processing.In addition, punch process is the processing method that on axle direction tube material is pressed into punch die and carries out deep-draw processing.Such a deep-draw processing can be to carry out at the whole zone on the axle direction of tube material, also can just carry out partly at the both sides on the axle direction of tube material.In this embodiment, deep-draw processing is carried out in the whole zone on the axle direction of tube material.
In the end of the minor diameter 1b of the hollow shape tube material of having implemented deep-draw processing as described above, wait shaping spline 1d1 by rotation processing, thereby form linking department 1d, and form by rotation processing or cutting etc. at linking department 1d and to limit race 1d2.In addition, form safety cover fixed groove 1e1 at the position that becomes safety cover fixing part 1e by rotation processing or cutting etc.
After this, thus above-mentioned hollow shape shaft material is implemented Quenching Treatment forms hardened layer.As Quenching Treatment, according to the material of tube material and the desired characteristic of power transmission shaft etc., can adopt various means such as high frequency hardening, carburizing and quenching, nitrocarburizing quenching, but from the scope that can freely select hardened layer and the degree of depth, improve because of produced the viewpoints such as endurance life that residual compression stress causes on the surface in addition, preferably adopt high frequency hardening.For example, the outer surface one side configuring high-frequency load coil at the hollow shape shaft material carries out high frequency hardening from outer surface one side.This high frequency hardening can quench by fixation type, portable any mode of quenching is carried out.
Then, at the hollow portion 1f of the power transmission shaft of making through above-mentioned operation 1, for example,, and make it in the foaming of the inside of hollow portion 1f from a distolateral injection foaming urethane raw material.Thus, at the foam filled Foamex 4 of hollow portion 1f, utilize Foamex 4 sealing hollow portion 1f.
Claims (7)
1. the manufacture method of a hollow shape power transmission shaft, the axle direction intermediate portion of this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms large-diameter portion, and the both sides on the axle direction of this large-diameter portion form minor diameter respectively, and the manufacture method of this hollow shape power transmission shaft is characterised in that:
Tube material is implemented plastic working, the hollow shape shaft material that is shaped and has described large-diameter portion and minor diameter,
To described hollow shape shaft material, carry out high frequency hardening with the frequency of other zones, change high frequency current in the regulation zone.
2. the manufacture method of hollow shape power transmission shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Relatively improve the frequency of the high frequency current when the large-diameter portion of described hollow shape shaft material is carried out high frequency hardening, and relatively be reduced in the frequency of the high frequency current the when minor diameter of described hollow shape shaft material carried out high frequency hardening.
3. the manufacture method of a hollow shape power transmission shaft, the axle direction intermediate portion of this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms large-diameter portion, and the two end part on the axle direction of this large-diameter portion form minor diameter respectively, end in this minor diameter has formed spline, and the manufacture method of this hollow shape power transmission shaft is characterised in that:
Tube material is implemented deep-draw processing, forms hollow shape shaft material with described large-diameter portion and minor diameter,
Prepare a kind of punch die, this punch die has the spline forming section in interior week, the maximum diameter of this spline forming section is greater than the outer end diameter of the minor diameter of described hollow shape shaft material, and the minimum diameter of this spline forming section is less than the outer end diameter of the minor diameter of described hollow shape shaft material
On axle direction, the end of the minor diameter of described shaft material is pressed into the spline forming section of described punch die, at this end formed spline.
4. the manufacture method of hollow shape power transmission shaft according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
When the shaping of described spline, the maximum diameter of described spline does not contact with the maximum diameter of the spline forming section of described punch die.
5. hollow shape power transmission shaft, the axle direction intermediate portion of this hollow shape power transmission shaft forms large-diameter portion, and the both sides on the axle direction of this large-diameter portion form minor diameter respectively, has hollow portion in interior week, it is characterized in that:
The Foamex that utilization is filled in described hollow portion seals described hollow portion.
6. hollow shape power transmission shaft according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Described Foamex is filled in the axial whole zone of described hollow portion.
7. according to claim 5 or the described hollow shape power transmission shaft of claim 6, it is characterized in that:
Described Foamex is the foaming urethane.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004225730A JP2006046408A (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2004-08-02 | Hollow power transmission shaft |
| JP225730/2004 | 2004-08-02 | ||
| JP227013/2004 | 2004-08-03 | ||
| JP245784/2004 | 2004-08-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1989351A true CN1989351A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| CN100535457C CN100535457C (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800250044A Active CN100535457C (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2005-07-21 | Hollow power transmission shaft and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2006046408A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100535457C (en) |
Cited By (10)
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| CN101105196B (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2011-12-28 | Gkn传动系统股份有限公司 | End member for soldering tube shaft, corresponding shaft and manufacturing method |
| CN102597547A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-07-18 | Ntn株式会社 | Hollow shaft and constant velocity universal joint |
| CN102822540A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2012-12-12 | 白木工业株式会社 | Connecting rod and double-sided reclining mechanism |
| CN103161817A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-06-19 | 唐山德泰机械制造有限公司 | Hollow axle for high-speed locomotive and method for manufacturing hollow axle |
| CN104722701A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Method and device for producing hollow shaft through radial deformation, and hollow shaft |
| CN105593539A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-05-18 | 怡来汽车零部件系统株式会社 | Hollow drive shaft and method for manufacturing same |
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| CN109322900A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-12 | 雷中坤 | A kind of light-duty high-performance hole-bored axle from end to end and application method and product |
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| CN114321142A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | RAT transmission shaft |
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| JP2001208037A (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2001-08-03 | Ntn Corp | Intermediate shaft for drive shaft and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP3958568B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2007-08-15 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Drive wheel bearing device |
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2004
- 2004-08-02 JP JP2004225730A patent/JP2006046408A/en active Pending
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2005
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101105196B (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2011-12-28 | Gkn传动系统股份有限公司 | End member for soldering tube shaft, corresponding shaft and manufacturing method |
| CN102597547A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-07-18 | Ntn株式会社 | Hollow shaft and constant velocity universal joint |
| US9856906B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2018-01-02 | Ntn Corporation | Hollow shaft and constant velocity universal joint |
| CN102822540A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2012-12-12 | 白木工业株式会社 | Connecting rod and double-sided reclining mechanism |
| CN102822540B (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2015-07-22 | 白木工业株式会社 | Connecting rod and double-sided reclining mechanism |
| CN103161817A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-06-19 | 唐山德泰机械制造有限公司 | Hollow axle for high-speed locomotive and method for manufacturing hollow axle |
| CN105593539A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-05-18 | 怡来汽车零部件系统株式会社 | Hollow drive shaft and method for manufacturing same |
| CN105593539B (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2018-03-16 | 怡来汽车电子底盘系统有限公司 | Hollow drive shaft and the method for manufacturing hollow drive shaft |
| US10018219B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2018-07-10 | Erae Ams Co., Ltd. | Hollow drive shaft and method for manufacturing same |
| CN104722701A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Method and device for producing hollow shaft through radial deformation, and hollow shaft |
| CN106994899A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-08-01 | 张群 | A kind of truck drive shaft with temperature and sound acquisition function |
| CN109322900A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-12 | 雷中坤 | A kind of light-duty high-performance hole-bored axle from end to end and application method and product |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100535457C (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| JP2006046408A (en) | 2006-02-16 |
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