CN1988324B - High speed magnetic resistance motor - Google Patents
High speed magnetic resistance motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1988324B CN1988324B CN2005101307145A CN200510130714A CN1988324B CN 1988324 B CN1988324 B CN 1988324B CN 2005101307145 A CN2005101307145 A CN 2005101307145A CN 200510130714 A CN200510130714 A CN 200510130714A CN 1988324 B CN1988324 B CN 1988324B
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Abstract
This invention relates to a high speed magnetic resistance motor characterizing that a high temperature super conduction material is inserted in th rotor, the ab surface of the material is parallel to the rotor axes and taken as the reluctance medium to increase the reluctance difference of rectangular axis to increase output torque and power density of the motor, a high temperature super conduction block material of the internal wall of an inter-air sleeve and a magnet ring of the rotor terminal constitute a magnet floation unit to guarantee that the rotor operates at low damping and high speed, and inter-air space is filled with He or H to conduct and cool super conduction rotor, the magnet ring is acted with the coaxial semi-magnetic force coupling at the load side to realize touchless torque and power output of the motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric rotating machine, particularly a kind of low energy consumption, the extraordinary reluctance motor of high speed.
Background technology
Reluctance motor be utilize rotor submit the axle different with values of direct axis reluctance and the generation reluctance torque a kind of synchronous machine.Compare with the conventional synchronization motor, the salient pole agency part has only been arranged on the magnetic resistance motor rotor, there are not excitation winding or permanent magnetic material, it have simple in structure, fricton-tight contact, easy to manufacture, cost is low, overload capacity is big, advantage such as reliable, is widely used in fields such as Electric Drive, accurate control, electronic instrument and equipment.Conventional reluctance motor is handed over axle resistance magnetic material with aluminium or air air gap as rotor usually, and it exports torque, power density, and efficient and power factor are lower; Simultaneously, obtain bigger straight, quadrature-axis reluctance difference in order to guarantee rotor, need to sacrifice certain pole embrace, the motor stabilizing traffic coverage is little, and net synchronization capability is unsatisfactory.
Since finding high-temperature superconductor (HTS) phenomenon in 1986, year concentrating on studies and groping surplus the process people ten, no matter be the become a useful person research of technology of HTS, still the improvement of performance has all obtained significant progress, Beijing total institute of coloured research, the coloured research institute in northwest, German IPHT research institute, American Superconductor Corp. and Nippon Steel Corporation etc. all can manufacture and sell the high-performance HTS bulk and the wire rod of all size, for good material base has been established in the application of HTS in motor.HTS belongs to imperfect II type I superconductors I, and motion has inhibition to magnetic flux line in inner pinning center, shows good diamagnetic and hysteresis characteristic; Simultaneously, can capture magnetic flux and make superconductor have certain remanent magnetism and become permanent magnet.The electromagnetic property that the HTS material " enriches ", strong anisotropy and good magnetic heat stability are for the principle and the structure of motor provides multiple possible approach.
Summary of the invention
The rectangular axis magnetic resistance difference that the present invention seeks to overcome the prior art reluctance motor is not obvious, cause exerting oneself and overload capacity lower, and have between centers mechanical friction and reduce the shortcoming of motor whole efficiency, a kind of novel reluctance motor is proposed.The present invention adopts high temperature superconducting materia to hand over axle resistance magnetizing mediums as rotor, optimal design by structure and electromagnetism, increase straight, quadrature axis synchronous reactance than (Xd/Xq), and utilize superconducting magnetic levita and low temperature magnetic driving mechanism to reduce mechanical friction, reduce and leak heat, and realize effective conduction cooling of superconducting rotor.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Motor of the present invention mainly is made up of non-magnetic conductive metal sleeve, stator end cap, magnetic coupling between the rotor of stator, embedded high-temperature superconductor (HTS) material, motor gas-gap.Wherein, stator structure is identical with conventional asynchronous machine.Rotor adopts internal reaction formula structure, is overrided to form by sheet high permeability materials such as silicon steel or non-crystaline amorphous metals, and length and stator winding are suitable, rotor punching press fluting, break-through vertically, embedded HTS material.The shape of jet-bedding, position, size and quantity can obtain by the optimal design of motor.Because the superconductor relative permeability is near zero, jet-bedding volume of the present invention is much smaller than the conventional reluctance motor that adopts air and aluminium as resistance magnetic material under the condition of equal-wattage grade, satisfying the magnetic circuit equation and avoiding core material to be under the situation of saturation condition, the effective dimensions of rotor of the present invention reduces significantly.Rotor both sides axial end is fixed with fan-shaped permanent magnet respectively, and is regularly arranged by polarity, constitutes permanent-magnetic clamp.Settle two groups of ring-type high-temperature superconducting block arrays at sleeve lining, the position is relative with the rotor tip permanent-magnetic clamp.Superconduction block material and permanent-magnetic clamp interact to constitute under the liquid nitrogen temperature does not have friction magnetic bearing, effectively support rotor weight; Simultaneously, permanent-magnetic clamp is formed magnetic coupling with the load-side permanent magnet mechanism again, realizes the noncontact transmission of motor torque.Non-magnetic conductive metal Dewar plays the effect of adiabatic heat-insulation with motor body and load isolation.
High-temperature superconductor (HTS) material is melting texture YBa
2Cu
3O
7-x(YBCO) superconduction block material and YBCO, Bi
2Sr
2CaCu
2O
8+yAnd Bi
2Sr
2Ca
2Cu
3O
10-xSuperconducting tape increases motor rectangular axis magnetic resistance difference as the resistance magnetizing mediums.Melting texture YBCO superconduction block material has good crystal orientation, can preferentially select to use.During the processing and fabricating rotor, earlier with melting texture YBCO superconduction block material along the directed dicing of c axle (being crystal growth direction), sheet is thick suitable with groove width, closely arrange after the mechanical polishing, put into groove, YBCO bulk ab face this moment (be crystal CuO face, this face is vertical with crystal growth direction) is parallel to the rotor axis direction.Consider the difficulty of processing of ceramic material, fill with superconducting tape in narrow groove, HTS bulk and cell wall slit, to improve the duty ratio of superconductor, uses the low temperature curable epoxide after assembling is finished.
The present invention utilizes superconductor to change the rectangular axis synchronous reactance and produce reluctance torque as the resistance magnetizing mediums, compare with conventional reluctance motor, under identical motor physical dimension and structural condition, rectangular axis synchronous reactance ratio obviously improves, and needn't sacrifice pole embrace and width of air gap, air gap flux density has waveform preferably, and the output torque increases, and motor shows good net synchronization capability.
The fixing annular rare earth permanent-magnetic material of rotor axial end face adopts the HALBACH configuration, based superconductive perfect diamganetism model and image method, and consider the superconductor anisotropy, the size of the axial unit length bearing capacity of magnetic bearing permanent magnetism can be calculated, the length of permanent-magnetic clamp can be determined according to rotor weight.Radially relative ring-type superconduction block material array length is close with it, and its thickness is about 1/3rd to 1/4th of length, is not the accurately parameters of control of needs.
Conventional rolling bearing electricity maximum speed of spindle generally is no more than 100000r/min, and its pretension and oil-air lubrication technology will lose efficacy in low temperature environment, produce huge frictional dissipation, but the removal grease can't be realized high speed rotating reliably and with long-term; And high-temperature superconducting block and permanent magnetism interphase interaction can produce the suspending power of self-stabilization, and dynamic rate is big, and the magnetic bearing of Gou Chenging has the following advantages thus:
1, on-mechanical contacts and does not have wearing and tearing, and bearing life is more much longer than the stress fatigue life-span of Mechanical Contact;
2, circumferential speed height, the rotating speed of magnetic suspension bearing are limited by centrifugal force only, and its circumferential speed can reach 30 000-180 000r/min;
3, need not to lubricate, conforming property is strong;
Vibration and noise are little when 4, moving.With respect to electromagnetic bearing, the magnetic circuit in the magnetic suspension bearing does not need exciting curent, does not consume electric power, does not need magnetizing coil, need not electric power system yet, and it is simple compact that the structure of whole bearing arrangement becomes, and volume is also little.
The scheme that the invention provides and keep the required low temperature environment of superconductor is as follows:
Cooled with liquid nitrogen superconduction or often lead the stator coil winding, high strength, the non-magnetic conductive metal sleeve of thin-walled and stator winding keep good thermo-contact, preliminary filling helium or hydrogen are to increase the space available heat coefficient of conductivity between air gap, the mode that superconductor cools off by conduction in the rotor reaches and maintains critical temperature once, shows strong diamagnetism behavior.This scheme is different from the type of cooling that the superconduction rotor directly soaks, cryogen, rotor is subjected to when the motor high speed rotating huge viscous damping have been avoided existing between air gap, reduce motor effective air gap width and extra supplementary load loss, improved limit speed, power output and the efficient of motor.
The kind of drive feature of prime mover of the present invention and load is:
The magnetic coupling that adopts rare earth permanent-magnetic material to make connects rotor and load in the magnetic drives mode, realizes that prime mover contacts with on-mechanical between the working machine.Magnetic drives is inhaled principle mutually based on permanent magnet homopolar-repulsion, heteropole, transmit circular motion and linear displacement by magnetic field coupling formation permanent magnet clutch and driver, realize that prime mover is connected with on-mechanical between the working machine, can be to seal cavity transmission pivoting part, change is sealed into static seal, obtain zero leakage and positive confinement, avoided liquid, solid and gas leakage or external agency to enter in the seal cavity.Drive mechanism is simple, and volume is little; Driving torque is big, the efficient height, and have the ability of overload protection; No fretting wear, noise is low, has very high useful life and reliability.In conjunction with superconduction reluctance motor concrete structure, consider that permanent magnetic material low temperature magnetic performance and high-temperature superconducting block capture the magnetic flux ability, structure low temperature magnetic driving mechanism is to realize the transmission of power between low temperature and room temperature, the huge heat exchange of having avoided non-enclosed mechanical connection between motor and load and having existed, reduce low temperature and leaked heat, guaranteed that superconducting rotor stably remains on below the critical temperature, has improved the performance and the efficient of system to greatest extent.Every half a coupler end face of magnetic coupling collar plate shape permanent magnetism driver is equipped with m fan-shaped magnetic patch, and magnetic pole is positive and negative alternate to be arranged, and wherein m is an even number.
During load running of the present invention, pass to the power frequency three-phase alternating current, can run well, control device and strategy are identical with conventional motor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: motor shaft of the present invention is to schematic cross-section;
Fig. 2: specific embodiment of the invention motor radial section schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 a: specific embodiment of the invention motor internal is handed over direction of principal axis Distribution of Magnetic Field figure;
Fig. 3 b: specific embodiment of the invention motor internal d-axis direction Distribution of Magnetic Field figure;
Fig. 4: specific embodiment of the invention motor hands over direction of principal axis (θ=0 °) air gap flux density to distribute;
Fig. 5: specific embodiment of the invention motor d-axis direction (θ=90 °) air gap flux density distributes;
Fig. 6: specific embodiment of the invention starting characteristic curve;
Fig. 7: motor synchronous reactance curve with different resistance magnetizing mediums rotors;
Fig. 8: specific embodiment of the invention low temperature magnetic bearing schematic diagram;
Fig. 9: permanent magnet clutch transmission principle model, wherein V is the magnetic coupling direction of motion, F1, F2 are magnetic coupling interphase interaction force direction;
Figure 10: the two poles of the earth three-phase internal reaction formula motor example superconducting rotor internal groove schematic diagram (unit: millimeter);
Wherein: 1, superconduction or often lead stator; 2, high strength, non-magnetic conductive metal sleeve; 3, rotor; 4, annular superconduction block material array; 5, permanent-magnetic clamp; 6, load-side half a coupler; 7, load-side mechanical drive shaft; 8, non-magnetic conductive metal Dewar; 9, high-temperature superconducting block and band; 10, high permeability material such as silicon steel or non-crystaline amorphous metal punching; 11, stator winding; 12, motor effective air gap.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, motor main body of the present invention by superconduction or rotor 3, superconduction block material annular array 4, permanent-magnetic clamp 5 and the non-magnetic conductive metal Dewar 8 of often leading stator 1, non-magnetic conduction thin-walled metal sleeve 2, embedded superconduction block material and band form; High-temperature superconducting block annular array 4, permanent-magnetic clamp 5 and rotor 3 constitute magnetic bearing; Simultaneously, load-side half a coupler 6, mechanical drive shaft 7 constitute magnetic driving mechanism with permanent-magnetic clamp 5 again.
The both sides axial end of rotor 3 is fixed with fan-shaped permanent magnet respectively, and is regularly arranged by polarity, constitutes permanent-magnetic clamp 5.Settle two groups of ring-type high-temperature superconducting block arrays 4 at sleeve 2 inwalls, the position is relative with rotor 3 end permanent-magnetic clamps 5.
Figure 2 shows that specific embodiment of the invention the two poles of the earth three-phase internal reaction formula motor longitudinal section view, high temperature superconducting materia 9 is symmetrically distributed in the rotor 3 that high permeability material 10 is overrided to form, stator winding 11 closely contacts with sleeve 2 and reduces motor gas-gap, stator structure is identical with the conventional asynchronous motor, and the motor main body places non-magnetic conductive metal Dewar 8.
Select high permeability orientation silicon steel or non-crystaline amorphous metal when rotor 3 is made, apply the prestressing force high density and repeatedly be pressed into shape.Mechanical vertically jet-bedding of rotor 3 and break-through fully, according to the geometry of groove high-temperature superconducting block 9 is carried out orientation cutting and grinding then, after making high-temperature superconducting block 9 permutation and combination put into groove, its ab crystal face is parallel to electric machine main shaft, so that obtain best resistance magnetic effect.Because high temperature superconducting materia belongs to ceramic material, it is bigger that bulk 9 cuts into 0.5 millimeters thick thin slice difficulty, so narrow groove below 0.5 millimeter, and bulk 9 is then filled with about 0.2 millimeters thick belt material of high temperature superconduct with the gap of groove, solidify with the low temperature epoxy impregnation after finishing, and rotor 3 surface finish are polished the cylinder that becomes standard.The fixing permanent-magnetic clamp 5 at rotor 3 two ends, the sector permanent magnetic polarity is radially alternately arranged in the permanent-magnetic clamp 5 as shown in Figure 8, the high-temperature superconducting block array 4 fixing with sleeve 2 inwalls is relative, permanent-magnetic clamp 5 and superconduction block material array 4 interact and produce magnetic buoyancy, constitute the magnetic bearing of self-stabilization, permanent-magnetic clamp 5 and superconduction block material array 4 both axial lengths equate.The based superconductor critical state model adopts image method to calculate magnetic buoyancy during design, magnetic buoyancy should with rotor 3 balanced, determine the size of both axial lengths with this; The rotor 3 wherein permanent-magnetic clamp 5 of an end serves as half a coupler again, with coaxial load side half a coupler 6 and mechanical drive shaft 7 combinations, realizes the output of contactless magnetic drives and power.The action principle of transmission as shown in Figure 9, there is a natural attraction between the sexes for magnetic pole when static, automatic centering, angle theta is 0 between magnetic pole, no driving torque increases along with θ increases driving torque, driving torque reaches greatly during θ=π/m, at 0＜θ (π/m interval transmission force of periphery
Moment of torsion
F in the formula
1For driving disc spacing pressing to the suction of clutch plate list to magnetic pole,
For driving disc spacing pressing to the repulsion of clutch plate list to magnetic pole, R is the mean radius of permanent-magnetic clamp 4.The motor main body places metal Dewar 8, liquid nitrogen directly cools off stator winding 1 during operation, conduction cooling superconducting rotor 3 and high-temperature superconducting block array 4, integral body remains on the 77K temperature, Dewar 8 wall thickness only are 3 millimeters, have non-permeance, will can not increase the power output and the efficient of motor volume, reduction magnetic drives.
In Electrical Motor, utilize the armature reaction under the space-time phasor diagram analysis different loads situation usually, estimate motor properties and operation characteristic, wherein phasor diagram field axis direction is called d-axis, represents with d; And the neutral line position of adjacent a pair of magnetic pole is called the friendship axle, represents with q.High temperature superconducting materia 9 in the rotor 3 of the present invention, below critical temperature, has perfect diamganetism, shown respectively that as Fig. 3 a, 3b the embodiment motor internal is handed over, d-axis direction air gap flux density distributes, the existence of superconductor has effectively intercepted q axle magnetic flux as can be seen, q axle equivalent magnetic circuit length increases, and d axle magnetic flux distribution does not obviously change because of the filling of superconductor 9.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 have shown the specific embodiment of the invention motor ac-dc axis direction air gap flux density first-harmonic that obtains after the Fourier conversion respectively, q axle air gap flux density fundamental voltage amplitude is about 0.6T, d axle air gap flux density fundamental voltage amplitude is about 0.05T, illustrate that the present invention adopts superconductor as handing over axle resistance magnetizing mediums, make rotor magnetic resistance show strong anisotropy, obviously improved synchronous reactance than (Xd/Xq) value, torque density increases; Simultaneously, air gap flux density is than the more approaching sine wave of conventional similar motor, therefore need not sacrifice pole embrace and width of air gap when design and keeps waveform preferably, and motor torque ripple is little, can enter motor synchronizing quickly.As shown in Figure 6, the present invention has the general more good dynamic response performance of synchronous machine, does not lose the advantage of outer armature reaction-excited machine when adopting internal reaction formula rotor structure again.
Figure 7 shows that the motor synchronous reactance curve of different resistance magnetizing mediums rotors, rotor quadrature-axis reluctance of the present invention as can be seen serves as the motor of resistance magnetizing mediums much larger than tradition with aluminium, air, can obtain output torque and the power density bigger than conventional motor.
After each parts of the present invention complete, assemble according to Fig. 1.During the motor operation, earlier with liquid nitrogen precooling motor stator 1, heat in rotor 3 and the superconduction block material array 4 is then taken away by liquid nitrogen by thermal conduction mechanism, motor body finally reaches the 77K temperature, and superconduction block material array 4 and permanent-magnetic clamp 5 interacted and made superconducting rotor 3 be in the suspended state of self-stabilization this moment; Pass to industrial-frequency alternating current or utilize frequency converter to start to motor stator winding, motor will not have high speed rotating frictionally, and noise is little, and rotating torque and power output flow to load efficiently by magnetic drives.
The technical parameter of the present invention's one the two poles of the earth three-phase internal reaction formula motor example is as follows: rated power 150W, specified phase voltage 220V, rated speed 3000r/m, the number of phases 3, frequency 50Hz, connection Y, overload capacity K
c＞2.0, rated efficiency η 〉=90%, rated power factor cos φ 〉=0.35.During design, foundation is determined basic sizes such as inside and outside footpath of this motor stator punching and iron core effective length with power grade asynchronous machine usage factor C and iron core effective length and pole span ratio λ:
Diameter of stator bore 47mm, external diameter 76.6mm, groove is several 24, flute profile round bottom pyriform, slot opening 1.5mm, the high 0.3mm of notch, 30 ° of groove fillets, groove shoulder breadth 2.9mm, groove depth 7.5mm, the trapezoidal high 5mm of groove, bottom radius 1.9mm, tooth pitch 6.15mm, electrical degree is 15 ° between groove, groove area 22.5mm
2, the compound enamelling cuprum round line of the inferior acid amides/polyamidoimide of stator winding wire gauge lattice polyester, 0.28 millimeter of nominal diameter, maximum enamel-cover external diameter 0.329mm, normal temperature resistance 0.2776 Ω/m, individual layer lap wound, two groups of windings of every phase, winding coefficient 0.958, pole span 12, pitch 1-11, connection Y, copper factor 65%, every groove 153 circles.Superconducting rotor external diameter 45mm, axial length 62mm, internal reaction formula structure, internal groove position, shape and size are as shown in figure 10.Motor gas-gap length 1mm, metal sleeve wall thickness 0.5mm; 50W270 model silicon steel sheet is all adopted in the rotor punching, the thick 0.5mm of sheet, stacking factor 0.95; Permanent-magnetic clamp is made up of 8 fan-shaped N42 NdFeB, internal diameter 5mm, and external diameter 15mm, magnetic pole is alternately arranged.Ring-type superconduction block material array internal diameter 16mm, external diameter 23mm, permanent-magnetic clamp and superconduction block material array axial length are 5mm.Load-side magnetic coupling permanent magnetic material model, structure are identical with permanent-magnetic clamp with size.
Claims (3)
1. a high speed reluctance motor mainly comprises sleeve (2) between stator (1), air gap, rotor (3), magnetic driver, and it is characterized in that also comprising does not have friction high-speed magnetic floating bearing and non-magnetic conductive metal Dewar (8); The high temperature superconducting materia (9) of the embedded symmetrical distribution of rotor (3), the both sides axial end is fixed with fan-shaped permanent magnet respectively, and fan-shaped permanent magnet is pressed HALBACH and is arranged, and constitutes permanent-magnetic clamp (5); The high-temperature superconducting block array (4) of sleeve (2) inwall end constitutes described nothing friction high-speed magnetic floating bearing between permanent-magnetic clamp (5) and air gap; Rotor (3) the wherein permanent-magnetic clamp of an end (5) serves as half a coupler again, the permanent-magnetic clamp (5) of described rotor (3) one ends and coaxial load side half a coupler (6) and mechanical drive shaft (7) combination, constitute magnetic driver, realize the output of contactless magnetic drives and power; Permanent-magnetic clamp (5) is relative with high-temperature superconducting block array (4) radial position, and axial length equates; The motor main body places non-magnetic conductive metal Dewar (8).
2. according to the said high speed reluctance motor of claim 1, it is characterized in that rotor (3) the jet-bedding perforation vertically that high permeability soft magnetic material (10) is overrided to form, place high temperature superconducting materia (9) in the groove, the ab crystal face of high temperature superconducting materia (9) is parallel to electric machine main shaft, and the low temperature curable epoxide.
3. according to the said high speed reluctance motor of claim 1, it is characterized in that rotor (3) supporting form adopts the floating structure of magnetic, air gap (12) length is the millimeter magnitude, and air gap (12) space is filled with helium or hydrogen.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005101307145A CN1988324B (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2005-12-23 | High speed magnetic resistance motor |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005101307145A CN1988324B (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2005-12-23 | High speed magnetic resistance motor |
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| CN1988324A CN1988324A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| CN1988324B true CN1988324B (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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| CN101769334B (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2015-10-21 | 张玉宝 | A kind of single-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension rotor support system and magnetic bearing and weight losing method |
| CN101674042B (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-04-20 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Driving device for low-temperature superconductive ball rotor and driving method thereof |
| CN102299599B (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-01-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-speed electric machine with stator and permanent magnet |
| CN103259387A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-08-21 | 石云艾 | Superconductivity direct current reluctance motor |
| CN103312124B (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2016-05-04 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of HTS Synchronous Motor of array rotor magnetic pole structure |
| CN103934480A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | High-speed motorized spindle |
| CN107994700B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-09-17 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of superspeed permanent magnet motor rotor structure with self-starting ability |
| CN113890306A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-04 | 华中科技大学 | Superconducting magnetic transmission system |
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