CN1988317A - Self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method - Google Patents
Self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses an adaptive constant current intermittent pulse time-limit charge method, which applies an alternation method of charge/stop to charge to eliminate ohm polarization and electrochemical polarization when stopping charging, and concentration polarization will be eliminated gradually, when polarization is eliminated, the end voltage of a cell will be reduced and charged again when reducing to a stipulated value and the charge efficiency will be increased greatly, the highest charge voltage is reduced automatically when the temperature of the cell rises.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the battery charger field, relate in particular to the charging method of battery charger.
[background technology]
Its charging voltage can be higher than the virtual voltage of storage battery itself during charge in batteries, and discharge voltage is lower than the virtual voltage of storage battery itself during discharge, and this phenomenon is called polarization phenomena.Polarization has following three kinds of polarization: one, ohmic polarization: the resistance that is connected each several part by battery causes, and its voltage drop value is followed Ohm's law, and electric current reduces, and polarization reduces immediately, disappears immediately after electric current stops.Two, electrochemical polarization: the slowness by the electrode surface electrochemical reaction causes polarization.Along with electric current diminishes, in the microsecond level, significantly reduce.Three, concentration polarization: because the slowness of effects of ion diffusion process, it is poor to cause in certain electric current lower electrode surface and solution bulk concentration, produces polarization.This polarization is along with electric current descends, the second of macroscopic view level reduce on several seconds to up to a hundred seconds or disappear.
Recently, electromobile battery has had very big progress.The data that draw from the laboratory show that the dark cycle life of electromobile battery can break through 1000 times, calculate according to this result and can use about 3 years.But, according to statistics, the useful life of electromobile battery is most about 1 year, that have even have only some months, premature capacity loss just appears, even scrap, the pattern of electric vehicle battery malfunction roughly has following several: the one, and positive material accounts for 30% of total failure mode; The 2nd, heating distortion accounts for 30% (summer even reach about 60%) of failure mode, and the negative plate sulfuration accounts for 20% (winter even reach about 60%) of failure mode, and all the other account for about 20% of failure mode.Wherein heating distortion, negative pole sulfuration and active matter are softening all to have direct relation with charging, mainly be because the condition that storage battery uses is more abominable: the battery discharging degree of depth is bigger, and depth of discharge is very inconsistent, winter temperature is low, occur overdischarge easily, overcharging appears in summer temperature height easily.And be subjected to the influence that battery temp increases, the gassing overpotential on the electrode reduces with the increase of temperature, and in general, temperature whenever increases 1 ℃ of overpotential and reduces the single lattice of 3mv/ approximately, otherwise, the single lattice of the 3mv/ that then raises.Therefore, just have " storage battery be not damage be fill bad " saying.
The charging method of storage battery has common syllogic charging, ordinary fixed to fall current impulse charging, three kinds of charging modes of ordinary fixed constant current pulse at present.
Common syllogic charging: with 36V10Ah is example, charging curve as shown in Figure 1, the current charges of beginning about with 1.8A is to 43.2V (14.4/ on each battery), electric current progressively reduces, voltage progressively rises to 44.1～44.5V, be transformed into floating charge when electric current is reduced to 0.35～0.40A, voltage 41.4～42V constant voltage charge is up to taking off charger or cutting off the charging power supply, and the charging interval majority was at 8～12 hours.Charging capacity be last time discharge capacity 104～110%, experiment shows that the 12V10Ah battery tension begins to have minimum gas to separate out from about 14.0V, accelerate to 14.4V gas speed of separating out, there is more gas to separate out to 14.8V, main bubbing is after 14.8V, 14.4V charging rises to the 14.8V time about about 30min, owing to there are polarization phenomena during charge in batteries, will be at full charge in effective time, common syllogic charging needs to improve charging voltage, generally need bring up to 14.7V～15V/ only about, and the high voltage that needs the long period, therefore, exist more gas to separate out, cause fluid loss big, the charging heating, faults such as distortion studies show that simultaneously, and little electric current constant voltage charge also causes the battery charge deficiency easily.Because storage battery is in charge and discharge process, electrolyte in the storage battery reduces gradually, the oxygen cycle recombination current strengthens, and anodal part harmful element is deposited to negative pole and has reduced gas and separate out overpotential, and can be subjected to the influence that battery temp increases, the electric current in latter stage of charging is strengthened gradually, there is part storage battery may occur charging latter stage electric current to surpass 0.35～0.40A (switching current), make charging not be transformed into the floating charge stage (not changeing green light), charge with high voltage always, cause in a large number and overcharge, (each gassing rate is about 300～500ml), strengthens fluid loss, makes storage battery that " thermal runaway " take place to separate out a large amount of gases, faults such as distortion, especially serious mistake during high temperature.
The current impulse charging falls in ordinary fixed: with 36V10Ah is example, its charging curve as shown in Figure 2, the electric current of beginning about with 1.8A charges to batteries, voltage raises gradually, to about 44V, promptly begin to carry out pulse current charge with fixing frequency, the amplitude of pulse current reduces gradually, is reduced to about 0.4A up to electric current, transfers the low pressure constant voltage floating charge to.This charge efficiency is than common " syllogic " charge efficiency height, but, because when entering stage pulse, carrying out along with charging, the sulfuric acid that generates during charging raises density of electrolyte gradually, the diffusion hindered of sulfuric acid, concentration polarization is more and more serious, the elimination required time that stops filling of polarization is increased to wonderful levels up to a hundred gradually by initial level second, yet the frequency of this pulse is fixed, and therefore, can not reach best depolarising effect, charge efficiency is slightly reduced, and charging still has more gas to produce (each about 200～300ml/ of gassing rate only).Simultaneously, unfavorable because pulse current reduces gradually in the charging process to eliminating the accumulator plate sulfuration, do not reach the effect that storage battery is repaired.In addition, owing to do not carry out time restriction, owing to influences such as temperature, make charging not be transformed into the floating charge stage (not changeing green light) during charging, with the high voltage pulse charging, cause in a large number and overcharge always, separate out a large amount of gases, strengthen fluid loss, make storage battery that " thermal runaway ", faults such as distortion take place.
The pulse of ordinary fixed constant current: with 36V10Ah is example, its charging curve as shown in Figure 3, the electric current of beginning about with 1.8A charges to batteries, voltage raises gradually, to about 44V, promptly begin to carry out pulse current charge with fixing frequency, the amplitude of pulse current remains unchanged, and rises to about 45V up to voltage, transfers the low pressure constant voltage floating charge to.This charge efficiency is suitable with common " syllogic " charge efficiency, but, because when entering stage pulse, carrying out along with charging, the sulfuric acid that generates during charging raises density of electrolyte gradually, the diffusion hindered of sulfuric acid, concentration polarization is more and more serious, the elimination required time that stops filling of polarization is increased to wonderful levels up to a hundred gradually by initial level second, yet the frequency of this pulse is fixed, and therefore, can not reach best depolarising effect, charge efficiency is obviously reduced, and charging still has more gas to produce (each about 300～500ml/ of gassing rate only); Because pulse current remains unchanged in the charging process, favourable to eliminating the accumulator plate sulfuration, reparation has certain effect to storage battery.In addition, owing to do not carry out time restriction, the same existence, owing to influences such as temperature, make charging not be transformed into the floating charge stage (not changeing green light) during charging, charge with high voltage pulse always, cause in a large number and overcharge, separate out a large amount of gases, strengthen fluid loss, make storage battery that " thermal runaway ", faults such as distortion take place.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method, the charge efficiency fluid loss in low summer that has overcome above-mentioned three kinds of methods is big, charging is not transformed into the floating charge stage, easily " thermal runaway ", distortion etc. takes place, and winter, undercharge was easy to generate the lagging batteries defective.
In order to solve the problems referred to above that exist in the background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method, comprise the steps: earlier with first charging current constant current charge to the first charging voltage; Carry out intermittently pulse current charge in limited time of self adaptation with first charging current again, the charging interval was defined as for first charging interval; Carry out floating charge with second charging voltage at last.
With the 36V10Ah charge in batteries is example, and as preferably, described first charging current is 1.6A～2.0A, and described first charging voltage is 43V～45V, and described first charging interval is 4～6h, and described second charging voltage is 41.4V～42V.
As preferably, described first charging voltage is taked temperature-compensating: first charging voltage voltage in the time of 25 ℃ is 43.8V, otherwise 1 ℃ of first charging voltage of the every rising of temperature reduces about 0.05V about 0.05V that then raises.
As preferably, described first charging current is 1.8A, and described first charging voltage is 43.8V, and described first charging interval is 5h, and described second charging voltage is 41.7V.
As preferably, carrying out self adaptation with first charging current asks in the pulse current charge process of having a rest in limited time, electric current first charging current of charging remains unchanged, and the width of charging pulse and the time intermittently voltage according to storage battery itself changes, and is a kind of self adaptation pulse current charge.
As preferably, the voltage of storage battery itself is big more, and the time of pulse current charge is just short more, and the width of pulse is also narrow more, and the time that stops is just long more.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopt fill/mode of stopping hocketing charges, ohmic polarization and electrochemical polarization have been eliminated when stopping to charge, concentration polarization is eliminated gradually, and when polarization canceling, accumulator voltage can reduce, when being reduced to setting, charging again, this moment, charge efficiency can increase greatly, therefore can reduce charging voltage, reduce gassing rate, finally reduce dehydration; During pulse current charge, because the electric current of each pulse is bigger, pulse duration is narrower, and is more little at the later stage width more, and large current charge helps forming compacter positive active material skeleton, and positive active material and surperficial structure are had good influence; Thereby the particle size that the positive active material that large current charge forms forms active material owing to having little time to grow is less, and the connection between the active material is compact, makes that the porosity of positive plate is bigger, thereby helps the prolongation of cycle life; This pulse simultaneously has good reparation activation again to storage battery, can eliminate " plate vulcanizing ", can prevent that storage battery from decaying in early days, prolongs greatly to recycle the life-span; Charging has designed the pulse timing function, makes its charging both accelerate speed, prevents from again to overcharge, and storage battery is had good protective action, faults such as heating distortion can not occur.
Feature of the present invention and advantage will be elaborated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by embodiment.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the current/voltage change curve of common syllogic charging method.
Fig. 2 is the current/voltage change curve that the current impulse charging method falls in ordinary fixed.
Fig. 3 is the current/voltage change curve of ordinary fixed constant current pulse charge method.
Fig. 4 is the current/voltage change curve of a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the logic diagram of a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method specific implementation of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Fig. 1 is the current/voltage change curve of common syllogic charging method.With 36V10Ah is example, the current charges of beginning about with 1.8A is to 43.2V (14.4/ on each battery), electric current progressively reduces, voltage progressively rises to 44.1～44.5V, when reducing to 0.35～0.40A, electric current is transformed into floating charge, voltage 41.4～42V constant voltage charge is up to taking off charger or cutting off the charging power supply, and the charging interval majority was at 8～12 hours.
Fig. 2 is the current/voltage change curve that the current impulse charging method falls in ordinary fixed.With 36V10Ah is example, and beginning is charged to batteries with the electric current about 1.8A, and voltage raises gradually, to about 44V, promptly begin to carry out pulse current charge with fixing frequency, the amplitude of pulse current reduces gradually, is reduced to about 0.4A up to electric current, transfers the low pressure constant voltage floating charge to.
Fig. 3 is the current/voltage change curve of ordinary fixed constant current pulse charge method.With 36V10Ah is example, its charging curve as shown in Figure 3, the electric current of beginning about with 1.8A charges to batteries, voltage raises gradually, to about 44V, promptly begin to carry out pulse current charge with fixing frequency, the amplitude of pulse current remains unchanged, and rises to about 45V up to voltage, transfers the low pressure constant voltage floating charge to.
Fig. 4 is the current/voltage change curve of a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method of the present invention.Earlier with the first charging current I
1Constant current charge to the first charging voltage U
1Again with the first charging current I
1Carry out intermittently pulse current charge in limited time of self adaptation, the charging interval is defined as the first charging interval T
1At last with the second charging voltage U
2Carry out floating charge.As preferably, the described first charging current I
1Be 1.6A～2.0A, the described first charging voltage U
1Be 43V～45V, the described first charging interval T
1Be 4～6h, the described second charging voltage U
2Be 41.4V～42V, the first charging voltage U
1Take temperature-compensating: charging voltage is the first charging voltage U in the time of 25 ℃
1Be 43.8V, 1 ℃ of first charging voltage U of the every rising of temperature
1Otherwise reduce about 0.05V about 0.05V that then raises.As further optimization, the described first charging current I
1Be 1.8A, the described first charging voltage U
1Be 43.8V, the described first charging interval T
1Be 5h, the described second charging voltage U
2Be 41.7V.With the first charging current I
1Carry out self adaptation intermittently in limited time in the pulse current charge process, the electric current first charging current I of charging
1Remain unchanged, the width of charging pulse and the time intermittently voltage according to storage battery itself changes, and is a kind of self adaptation pulse current charge.The voltage of storage battery itself is big more, and the time of pulse current charge is just short more, and the width of pulse is also narrow more, and the time that stops is just long more.
Beginning is with the first charging current I
1For the constant current about 1.8A to charge in batteries, voltage rises to the first charging voltage U gradually
1Be 43～45V, the first charging voltage U
1Take temperature-compensating: charging voltage voltage in the time of 25 ℃ is 43.8V, about 0.05V otherwise 1 ℃ of about 0.05V of charging voltage reduction of the every rising of temperature then raises, begin to enter self adaptation intermittent pulse charge mode this moment, and pick up counting simultaneously, to first charging interval of the charging interval T that limits
1After about 5h, again with the second charging voltage U
2For 41.7V enters floating charge.Self adaptation intermittent pulse charge mode: the electric current of deciding with 1.8A charges to storage battery, battery tension can raise gradually, when on the battery tension two be raised to 43～45V (voltage is taked temperature-compensating: charging voltage during at 25 ℃ voltage be 43.8V, about 0.05V otherwise 1 ℃ of about 0.05V of charging voltage reduction of the every rising of temperature then raises), promptly temporarily stop charging, battery tension can reduce (polarization canceling) gradually, when being reduced to 41.4～42.3V, voltage begins again storage battery to be charged with the electric current of deciding of 1.8 ± 0.1A ... go round and begin again like this and carry out, the intermittent time of charging in the intermittent pulse charging process is determined by the state of storage battery itself, it is the time long (pulsewidth is widened) of each pulse current charge in intermittent pulse charging early stage, voltage descends fast when stopping to charge, time is few, the capacity of going into storage battery along with charging increases, the voltage increases of storage battery self, the time of each pulse current charge can reduce (pulsewidth subtracts narrow) gradually, and voltage descends slow when stopping to charge, time is long, the frequency of charging and pulse duration etc. are determined by storage battery self, being constantly to change, is a kind of self adaptation pulse.
Fig. 5 is the logic diagram of a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method specific implementation of the present invention.Prime is made up of the voltage stabilization and current stabilization Switching Power Supply, wherein high voltage stability voltage should be able to satisfy back step voltage requirement, generally be set at about 46V, and the float charge voltage requirement of final stage need be provided, and current regulator power supply carries out step charging by switching tube to storage battery, at output voltage detecting circuit is arranged, voltage detecting circuit detects the voltage of storage battery, be sent in the comparator and compare, by comparator output open and close instruction, control is filled and is stopped.The charging initial stage, when battery tension is lower than first charging voltage, 43～45V, switching tube is an open mode, charge with constant electric current, along with constantly carrying out of charging, battery tension rises gradually, when reaching ceiling voltage point, comparator output halt instruction, switching tube is in closed condition, enters the intermittent time, timer picks up counting simultaneously, battery tension reduces gradually in the batch process, when voltage reaches low voltage point 41.4～42V, and comparator output charging instruction, switching tube is opened again, with constant current charges, the carrying out of going round and beginning again realized self adaptation intermittent pulse charge function like this.In addition, when timing arrived official hour (being generally 5h) to the cumulative time, timer sent the floating charge instruction, carried out floating charge by the defeated constant voltage of Switching Power Supply, had so just realized timing function.
Claims (6)
1. a self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method is characterized in that, comprises the steps: earlier with the first charging current (I
1) constant current charge to the first charging voltage (U
1); Again with the first charging current (I
1) carry out intermittently pulse current charge in limited time of self adaptation, the charging interval is defined as the first charging interval (T
1); At last with the second charging voltage (U
2) carry out floating charge.
2. a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described first charging current (I
1) be 1.6A～2.0A, the described first charging voltage (U
1) be 43V～45V, the described first charging interval (T
1) be 4～6h, the described second charging voltage (U
2) be 41.4V～42V.
3. the first charging voltage (U according to claim 2
1) take temperature-compensating: the first charging voltage (U
1) voltage is 43.8V in the time of 25 ℃, 1 ℃ of first charging voltage (U of the every rising of temperature
1Otherwise) reduce about 0.05V about 0.05V that then raises.
4. a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described first charging current (I
1) be 1.8A, the described first charging voltage (U
1) be 43.8V, the described first charging interval (T
1) be 5h, the described second charging voltage (U
2) be 41.7V.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging methods, it is characterized in that, with the first charging current (I
1) carry out self adaptation intermittently in limited time in the pulse current charge process, the electric current first charging current (I of charging
1) remain unchanged, the width of charging pulse and the time intermittently voltage according to storage battery itself changes, and is a kind of self adaptation pulse current charge.
6. a kind of self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the voltage of storage battery itself is big more, and the time of pulse current charge is just short more, and the width of pulse is also narrow more, and the time that stops is just long more.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005101347462A CN1988317A (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2005-12-21 | Self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005101347462A CN1988317A (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2005-12-21 | Self adaptive fixed flow intermittent pulse limit time charging method |
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| CN101872878A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-10-27 | 江苏富朗特新能源有限公司 | Method for enhancing floating resistance of lithium manganate lithium ion battery system |
| CN102545359A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-07-04 | 安昌悳 | Lead storage battery charging method |
| CN103227351A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-31 | 杭州信控科技有限公司 | Pulse charging method used for prolonging VRLA battery service life |
| CN103312000A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-09-18 | 安科智慧城市技术（中国）有限公司 | Pulse charge method and device |
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| CN103633698A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 哈尔滨智木科技有限公司 | Battery equalizing charging method and equalizing charger thereof |
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