CN1986819A - Time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process and system - Google Patents

Time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process and system Download PDF

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CN1986819A
CN1986819A CNA2006101474176A CN200610147417A CN1986819A CN 1986819 A CN1986819 A CN 1986819A CN A2006101474176 A CNA2006101474176 A CN A2006101474176A CN 200610147417 A CN200610147417 A CN 200610147417A CN 1986819 A CN1986819 A CN 1986819A
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biogas
collected manure
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CN100480392C (en
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朱洪光
徐立鸿
吴启迪
陈小华
王彪
朱鹏
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Tongji University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural engineering and resource environment technology, and is especially controllable marsh gas producing fermentation process and system. The controllable marsh gas producing fermentation process includes the starting of manure collecting apparatus and the starting of marsh gas producing apparatus. The fermentation system consists of biologically acidifying manure collecting apparatus, buffering regulation pond, high efficiency marsh gas generator, outflow water settler, outflow water storing pond and marsh gas storage tank connected successively through pipeline with valves. According to the requirement for powering the greenhouse, the agricultural waste is thrown into the acidifying manure collecting apparatus to ferment and produce marsh gas. The fermented residue as greenhouse organic fertilizer is taken out as required.

Description

Time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process and system
Technical field
The invention belongs to Agricultural engineering and technical field of resource environments, but be specifically related to a kind of greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process and fermentation system of time-controllable.
Background technology
The greenhouse is an important techniques theme in the modern agriculture engineering, and the development in greenhouse makes the open-air agricultural of tradition be converted into may command agricultural under the protective condition.At present in the world, the greenhouse has been widely used in flowers, vegetable growing.The sharpest edges of greenhouse production are to satisfy the best living condition of crop by the control of greenhouse, opposing natural disaster etc., thus obtain maximum productivity effect.In greenhouse management, heat winter in the greenhouse, light filling and carbon dioxide fertilization are important environment conditioning measures.These regulation processes all need the consumption of the energy, and present energy consumption is with fossil energy coal and secondary energy diesel oil, electric power.The mass consumption of these energy has increased the weight of the energy resource supply burden of the whole society on the one hand, also increases substantially production cost of products on the other hand.Influenced by energy prices, have to abandon heat the winter in greenhouse in many greenhouses, light filling and carbon dioxide fertilization, so not only can not give full play to the proper function in greenhouse, even can cause the failure of greenhouse management.
In greenhouse management, annual meeting produces a large amount of plant husbandry organic wastes.At present, the waste that these are arbitrarily stacked has caused serious widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.Yet these organic wastes itself are rich in a large amount of organic matters, are extraordinary biogas production raw materials.If can produce biogas with the organic waste that produces in the hothouse production management process, thereby substitute Nonrenewable energy resources such as coal, oil, electric power and be used for the greenhouse energy supply, not only can reduce greenhouse energy supply cost, simultaneously the nutritive substance in the waste again can recycle, reduce waste discharge, improve agricultural environment.But, the successful case that does not have biogas to use up to now in energy supply field, greenhouse.
The biogas fermentation technology can be divided into two classes, promptly traditional biogas fermentation technology and water soluble organic substance efficient methane fermentation technique.This two classes technology is applied to greenhouse biogas supply and all has many technological difficulties.Make a concrete analysis of as follows:
Traditional biogas fermentation technology, utilize the organic fermentation methane of complicacy, biogas produces has very large periodicity, aerogenesis is slow when often beginning to feed intake, middle aerogenesis is vigorous, in case and methane fermentation system start, whether produce biogas and produce how much biogas, retrained by the inherence of property of raw material and fermentating law, be difficult to regulate.And the greenhouse be with showing aspects such as heating, carbon dioxide fertilization, and these energy demands often are subjected to the control of weather, and weather is changeable.Therefore, will not have gas during gas often, gas will not set up huge accumulator unit at aerogenesis if satisfy the demands, and this is unallowed in investment and occupation of land.Feed intake if carry out the plan formula according to longrange weather forecast, feasible in theory, but be difficult the operation in practice.On the one hand, the present accuracy of longrange weather forecast is relatively poor, on the other hand, and about the accurately prediction of complicated organic aerogenesis rule; Secondly, it is to be dispersed in each annual period that the greenhouse produces organic waste, and how perishable the waste that is produced is, is difficult to store.Therefore traditional biogas technology can not be adapted to greenhouse energy supply demand substantially.
Water soluble organic substance efficient methane fermentation technique utilizes soluble simple microorganism to carry out biogas fermentation, adopts high efficiency reactor can realize higher efficient.The one, Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is very easy to reaction, and the generation of biogas is decided by inlet amount in a short time substantially in the scope that reactor load allows, and promptly the charging fecund is large-minded, and the few gas production rate of charging is little, stops the charging short-term and promptly stops aerogenesis.The 2nd, the biogas fermentation anaerobion in the ripe reactor has very strong anti-hunger property, and under the situation of long-term not charging, the microorganism in the reactor can withstand long term exposure, and can recover aerogenesis normally and efficiently rapidly when restarting.Above 2 technical characterictics of water soluble organic substance efficient methane fermentation technique all meet the requirement that the greenhouse needs the energy fluctuation.But, painstakingly the outsourcing water soluble organic substance is produced biogas as fermentation raw material if need for the greenhouse energy supply separately, not only do not have a competitive edge with fossil energy on the cost, and do not reach the purpose that recycling economy and environmental construction were utilized, carried out to the biomass waste resource on the spot.Therefore, water soluble organic substance efficient methane fermentation technique also is not suitable for greenhouse energy supply demand.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can be according to hothouse production reality, in time be added in the product acid collected manure pond being dispersed in the annual plant husbandry organic waste that produces, according to greenhouse energy supply demand, produce the biogas time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process and system by fermentation system at any time then.
But the greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process of the time-controllable that the present invention proposes is stored by the startup of biological acidification collected manure device and the biological acidification of raw material, the startup of efficient methane generating unit, biogas production supply, not stops and restarts two portions and constitute.
Its concrete steps are as follows:
One, biological acidification collected manure device starts and the storage of raw material biological acidification
(1) by the 2.5-3.5 times of quality collection chamber planting industry organic waste that is equivalent to greenhouse average every day of generation or other plant husbandry organic wastes as starting raw material, pulverize pre-treatment to starting raw material;
(2) interpolation contains the N elemental substance in step (1) gained pretreating raw material, mixes, and control compound carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20: 1-30: 1;
(3) step (2) gained compound is put in the biological acidification collected manure device of first use, added inoculum and inoculate, mix, obtain fermentation raw material, the add-on of inoculum is for starting the 3%-5% of raw material dry weight;
(4) add water in the biological acidification collected manure device in step (3) and ferment, the add-on of water starts raw material plane 10cm for being higher than at least, and leavening temperature is controlled at 20-40 ℃;
(5) through after the fermentation in 4-5 days, fermented liquid pH value drops to below 6, promptly finishes the startup of acidifying collected manure device;
(6) according to the organic waste of the method collection and treatment hothouse production at any time of step (1)-(2), in time in the biological acidification collected manure device that input has started, need not inoculate, directly add more than the above 10cm in water raw material plane;
(7) repeating step (6) is thrown until a biological acidification collected manure device expires, and reactivates another biological acidification collected manure device, repetitive operation step (1)-(6);
Two, the startup of efficient methane generating unit, biogas production supply, not stop and restart
(1) the efficient methane generating unit starts: drop into inoculum and enter the efficient methane generating unit, the acid solution mixture of extracting out in water or water and the biological acidification collected manure device is filled it up with biogas generating device, and static 3-5 days, the inoculum add-on was 3-10kgVSS/m 3Efficient methane generating unit volume; Extract organic acid solution out from biological acidification collected manure device and pump into the dash adjustment pond, regulate with system's water outlet in the water outlet scratch pool or extraneous water, chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of control organic acid solution is 2000-5000mg/l, as fermenting marsh gas material; Press 0.5kgCOD/ (m 3D)-2kgCOD/ (m 3D) the stage adjustment hydraulic load of speed, continuously feeding is up to realizing that hydraulic load is 5kg COD/ (m 3D)-10kg COD/ (m 3D), the whole startup of startup of promptly finishing biogas generating device approximately needs 50-80 days.Between the starting period, temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃; The principle that load is adjusted is after each hydraulic load adjustment is stable, just to begin to carry out the increase of next stage load; The water outlet of biogas generating device flows into the water outlet scratch pool through the settling tank post precipitation, and part is added as biological acidification collected manure device liquid, and part is used for the fermentation material adjusting of dash adjustment pond acid solution and uses;
(2) biogas production supply:, press 1kg COD and produce 0.4-0.5m according to the T/A of hothouse production actual budget biogas demand 3The quantity required and the time of biogas conversion organic acid solution, and on time according to quantity from biological acidification collected manure device the pump acid solution enter the dash adjustment pond, method is adjusted to fermenting marsh gas material described in (1) set by step; Press 5kgCOD/ (m 3D)-30kgCOD/ (m 3D) flow of hydraulic load adopts intermittently or biogas production is carried out in continuous mode charging in starting good biogas generating device, and it is standby that the biogas of generation enters the biogas buffer storage; The flow rate control of charging, intermittence or continuous mode depend on the demand of each biogas and the volume of biogas buffer storage.The biogas demand is big, biogas buffer storage volume hour, adopts big flow continuously feeding, otherwise, use the low discharge intermittent feeding; When the extractum in biological acidification collected manure device during less than 800-1000mg/l, promptly this biological acidification collected manure device stops to produce acid, stops to continue the extraction fermented liquid from this device;
(3) biogas production is not stopped: the greenhouse biogas of not being eager uses for starting good, and perhaps a biogas life cycle finishes, and when the biogas use will for a long time not want in the greenhouse, stops to continue charging in the efficient methane generating unit, and device enters and not stops state.During not stopping, keep adding the one time fermentation material in every 10-30 days, the nutritional needs of microorganism in the assurance system.The same step of control method (1) of adding the fermentation material is described; The amount of adding the fermentation material is efficient methane generating unit volume 1-3 times, and the speed of adding is 2-5kg COD/ (m 3D);
Restarting after (4) biogas production is not stopped:, enter new must restarting before cycle again with gas for being in the efficient methane device that not stops state in the step (3); The method of restarting be new begin with the gas cycle before 3-10 days, regulate to ferment according to method described in the step (1) and expect, press 1.8kg COD/ (m 3D)-2.2kg COD/ (m 3D) load carries out the adaptability charging to the efficient methane device;
(5) throw out in the settling tank regularly extracts by 2-3 days one-period, and is added to the biological acidification collected manure device that stops to produce acid, stops to produce the fermentation residue in the sour biological acidification collected manure device and knocking down the throw out of settling tank as hothouse production fertilizer.
Among the present invention, when total biogas of the organic waste that is produced by greenhouse self produces potentiality and the required biogas quantity of the total energy supply in greenhouse and has greatly breach, produce acid starting material described in the step 1 (1) and can obtain organic solid castoff, just replenish as in argol, dry straw or the green grass etc. any by other sources; Replenish raw material and carry out the acidifying storage according to the input of the method in the step 1 (6) biological acidification collected manure device.
Among the present invention, the total biogas generation of the organic waste potentiality that produced by greenhouse self can satisfy the required biogas quantity of the total energy supply in greenhouse, but because the short-term greenhouse is excessive with energy, the acid solution that produces in the biological acidification collected manure device can not in time provide biogas production required fermentation material, in one of them biological acidification collected manure device, continue to replenish starch material inferior temporarily, produce acid fast, satisfy the production demand of urgent energy supply.
Among the present invention, the described N of containing elemental substance is the one to multiple kind in urea, bicarbonate of ammonia or the feces of livestock and poultry etc.
Among the present invention, described inoculum is any in natural pond slag, natural pond liquid or the anaerobically digested sludge etc.
Among the present invention, during the inoculation of efficient methane generating unit, the inoculum amount of AF is generally 3-5kgVSS/m 3Reactor volume, UASB, EGSB are generally 5-10kgVSS/m 3Reactor volume.
Among the present invention, during the inoculation of efficient methane generating unit, fill it up with the efficient methane generating unit if water adds the acid solution mixing of extracting out in the biological acidification collected manure device, the COD concentration of mixed solution is 1000-2000mg/l.
Among the present invention, the pulverizing pre-treatment of described organic waste can be taked following ordinary method: the segment that is cut into 2～3cm by artificial or mechanical means; Perhaps it is carried out pre-treatment etc. by stalk rubbing pulverizer.
Among the present invention, in the acidifying storage process, the pH value in the periodic monitoring biological acidification collected manure device is regulated with the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass ratio 1-5% concentration, guarantees that pH is below 6.Temperature is controlled at more than 15 ℃ and gets final product, and does not generally heat specially, but must be incubated processing for cold district biological acidification collected manure device.
But the time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation system that the present invention proposes is connected to form through pipeline and valve successively by biological acidification collected manure device 2, dash adjustment pond 3, efficient methane generating unit 6, effluent settling chamber 7, water outlet scratch pool 8 and biogas buffer storage 9.Its structure as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, between biological acidification collected manure device 2 and the Buffer Pool 3 main control valve 10 is set, between Buffer Pool 3 and the efficient methane generating unit 6 pump 4 is set, finish connection by the flow by gravity of water between efficient methane generating unit 6, effluent settling chamber 7, the water outlet scratch pool 8, water outlet scratch pool 8 links to each other with biological acidification collected manure device 2 with dash adjustment pond 3 simultaneously, the centre is established pump 4 and water injection allocator 5 successively, and efficient methane generating unit 5 connects biogas buffer storage 9.
Among the present invention, efficient methane generating unit 5 adopts any in anaerobic filter reactor (AF), upflow sludge bed reactor (UASB) or the CGSB (EGSB), and the volume of efficient methane generating unit 5 is 0.5-2 a times of the one day required maximum biogas volume in greenhouse.
Among the present invention, 2 operated by rotary motion 6-12 in biological acidification collected manure device, cumulative volume are the 60%-80% of greenhouse organic waste generation in year cumulative volume, to guarantee the adjusting handiness of system.
Among the present invention, produce biogas in the cycle at the efficient methane generating unit, for the reliability and the handiness of guarantee to ferment material concentration and quantity regulating,, regulate together with system's water outlet mixed together by extracting acid solution simultaneously in a plurality of biological acidifications collected manure devices that are in obstructed step of reaction.
Among the present invention, biological acidification collected manure device 2, dash adjustment pond 3, effluent settling chamber 7, water outlet scratch pool 8 and biogas buffer storage 9 all adopt prior art.
The present invention has following advantage: (1) transforms complicacy greenhouse organic waste by acidifying and provides fermentation raw material for the fermentation of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) efficient methane, has realized that biogas fermentation can be according to the needs of greenhouse demand flexible.Because raw material carries out acidifying therein and changes into Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) after dropping into acidifying collected manure pond, when acidifying reaches certain level, acidifying transforms and stops.Raw material obtains preserving under high acidity condition, but has had this moment a large amount of acid solution Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) to exist in the pond.Can provide fermentation raw material when these Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) need energy supply in the greenhouse at once, produce required biogas.(2) design in multiple-unit acidifying collected manure pond and dash adjustment pond guarantees reliability of system operation and controllability.Raw material obtains preserving under high acidity condition, and acidic conditions improves structure.Under acid solution appropriateness extraction condition, the raw material in the multiple-unit acidifying collected manure pond can rule produce acid.Enter the dash adjustment pond by extracting acid solution in proportion between the multiple-unit acidifying collected manure pond, obtain suitable acid strength and quantity, guarantee to produce biogas and can follow the actual demand adjusting.(3) the raw material acidifying stores to transform and realizes that raw material dispersion collection, wet type store and the needs of fertilising, has reduced fertilizer and has stored difficulty and cost, reduces the environmental influence of fertilizer storage.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of Fig. 1 fermentation system of the present invention.
Description of drawings: 1 is the greenhouse, and 2 are biological acidification collected manure device, and 3 is the dash adjustment pond, and 4 is pump, and 5 is the efficient methane generating unit, and 6 is water injection allocator, and 7 is effluent settling chamber, and 8 are the water outlet scratch pool, and 9 is the biogas buffer storage, and 10 is main control valve.
Embodiment
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Embodiment 1: certain Vegetable Company user, be located in the area, Shanghai, and have 10000 square metres of greenhouses
The greenhouse marsh gas fermentation system of present embodiment 1 is connected to form through pipeline and valve successively by biological acidification collected manure device 2, dash adjustment pond 3, efficient methane generating unit 5, effluent settling chamber 7, water outlet scratch pool 8 and biogas buffer storage 9.Its structure as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, biological acidification collected manure device 2 and Buffer Pool 3 are provided with main control valve 10, between Buffer Pool 3 and the efficient methane generating unit 6 pump 4 is set, finish connection by the flow by gravity of water between efficient methane generating unit 6, effluent settling chamber 7, the water outlet scratch pool 8, water outlet scratch pool 8 links to each other with biological acidification collected manure device 2 with dash adjustment pond 3 simultaneously, the centre is established pump 4 and water injection allocator 5 successively, and efficient methane generating unit 5 connects biogas buffer storage 9.
According to annual weather, greenhouse heating and carbon dioxide fertilization requirement etc., the manager determines that the annual demand in greenhouse concentrates on two cycles, and be heat winter the mid-February to the coming year at the beginning of 12 months energy supply phase, and 6 just use the energy phase to carbon dioxide fertilization by the end of September.
1. biological acidification collected manure device starts
(1) collects chamber planting industry organic waste or other plant husbandry organic wastes as starting raw material by the quantity that is equivalent to 3 times of greenhouse average every day of generations, raw material is pulverized pre-treatment;
(2) interpolation contains the N elemental substance in step (1) gained pretreating raw material, mixes, and control compound carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25: 1;
(3) step (2) gained compound is put in the biological acidification collected manure device, added inoculum and inoculate mixing, inoculum is municipal sewage plant's digested sludge, obtains fermentation raw material, and the add-on of inoculum is for starting 3% of raw material dry weight;
(4) add water in the collected manure of the biological acidification in step (3) device and ferment, add-on is that the water surface is higher than plane 10cm on the startup raw material, and leavening temperature is controlled at 25 ℃;
(5) drop to 5.53 with liquid pH value in the accurate pH test paper determination step (4) through 5 days fermentation back liquid pH values every day, the startup that the acidifying of raw material transforms and stores is finished.
2. the management and the control of raw material acidifying conversion and storage
(1) in time collects the plant husbandry organic waste that greenhouse management produces every day, in time the material of collecting is pulverized pre-treatment;
(2) interpolation contains the N elemental substance in the pretreating raw material of step (1) gained, mixes, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of control compound is 25: 1;
(3) step (2) gained compound is in time put in the biological acidification collected manure device that has started in the step 1, and added water ferment in biological acidification collected manure device, add-on is that the water surface is higher than plane 10cm on the raw material;
(4) raw material collection, the pre-treatment of every day and add repeating step (1)-(3) and throw full until biological acidification collected manure device;
(5) in the acidifying storage process, the pH value in the periodic monitoring biological acidification collected manure device is regulated assurance pH below 6 with 1% hydrochloric acid.
(6) biological acidification collected manure device operated by rotary motion is 6, throws fullly when a biological acidification collected manure device, reactivates another according to the method for step 1 and step 2.
(7) acidifying of raw material transforms and between the shelf lives, the acidifying fermentation holding temperature of raw material does not increase thermal insulation layer more than 15 ℃, does not heat yet.
3. the efficient methane generating unit starts
The efficient methane generating unit is the AF structure, and biogas began to start in September then, starts to finish just to enter the energy supply stage in winter, and concrete setting up procedure is:
(1) drop into inoculum to reaction unit, extract organic acid solution out to the dash adjustment pond from biological acidification collected manure device, adjusting acid solution with clear water then, to control COD concentration be to fill it up with reactor behind the 1000mg/l, and static 3 days.
(2) extract organic acid solution out to the dash adjustment pond from biological acidification collected manure device, adjusting acid solution control COD concentration with clear water earlier is 4000mg/l, continues in the device to carry for two weeks to sending out to answer with pump, and first all controlling reactor loads are 0.5kgCOD/ (m 3D), second week was controlled to be 1kgCOD/ (m 3D).
(3) since the 3rd week, per raising of once loading in 10 days improves 0.5kg COD/ (m at every turn 3D), until bringing up to 5kg COD/ (m 3D) begin to keep, and kept 30 days.
(4) on the basis of step (3), per 10 days is 2kg COD/ (m by each amplitude 3D) further increase load, make load be increased to 10kg COD/ (m 3D) time, kept one month, finishing device starts.
(5) during step (1)-finished (4), temperature of reactor was controlled at 25 ℃.
(6) during step (1)-finished (4), the reactor water outlet flowed into the water outlet scratch pool through the settling tank post precipitation, added with dash adjustment pond acid solution for biological acidification collected manure device liquid and regulated use.
4. efficient methane generating unit biogas production and greenhouse utilization
(1) enter December, firedamp gas equipment starts to be finished, and promptly enters heating the energy supply biogas production phase then, and the biogas demand of concrete every day specifically changes decision according to weather.
(2) biogas required time and the quantity of determining according to step (1) is pressed 1kg COD and is produced 0.4-0.5m 3Quantity required every day of biogas conversion organic acid solution;
(3) can from biological acidification collected manure device, extract former acid solution according to the organic acid content of step (2) conversion to changing towards equalizing tank, and to be adjusted to COD concentration with system's water outlet in the water outlet scratch pool or clear water be 4000mg/l, put into the efficient methane fermentation system that has started, feeding manner is an intermittent feeding, and each feed cycle is all according to load 10kg COD/ (m 3D) speed, it is standby that the biogas of generation enters the biogas buffer storage.Each charging continues and the biogas demand decision of resting period by every day.
(4) when the COD concentration of the extractum of biological acidification collected manure device is lower than 800mg/l, stop therefrom to extract acid solution.
(5) throw out in the settling tank pond extracted once in per 2 days, was added in the biological acidification collected manure device of finishing extraction.
(6) residue in the sour biological acidification collected manure device that finishes of product and the settling tank pond throw out of input are stored in Chi Tizhong, and the manager all extracts according to the production needs in batches and uses for fertilizer.
5. efficient methane generating unit biogas production is not stopped
Enter in mid-February, the 2nd, temperature raises, and in the needs energy supply of heating, the manager does not stop to reactor feed in the greenhouse, and the efficient methane generating unit enters not and stops the phase.The manager was the mixed fermentation liquid of 4000mg/l with COD concentration in per 15 days during not stopping, and pressed 2kg COD/ (m 3D) load is to adding the fermentation material that is equivalent to 1.5 times of volumes of reactor volume, supplementary device nutrition.
6. the efficient methane generating unit restarts
Enter illumination in June and strengthen, in order to increase greenhouse, the manager has adopted the carbon dioxide fertilization management.The manager pressed 2kg COD/ (m in 7 days in advance than biogas demand at the beginning of 6 months 3D) load carries out the adaptability charging, finishes in the 7th day to restart laggard biogas supply in the summer period management of going into.
7. there is lack of raw materials and the urgent insufficient situation of energy supply not have generation among this embodiment.
Embodiment 2: certain Vegetable Company user, be located in Wan Beidiqu, and have 30000 square metres of greenhouses
The greenhouse marsh gas fermentation system of present embodiment 2 is connected to form through pipeline and valve successively by biological acidification collected manure device 2, dash adjustment pond 3, efficient methane generating unit 5, effluent settling chamber 7, water outlet scratch pool 8 and biogas buffer storage 9.Its structure as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, biological acidification collected manure device 2 and Buffer Pool 3 are provided with main control valve 10, between Buffer Pool 3 and the efficient methane generating unit 6 pump 4 is set, finish connection by the flow by gravity of water between efficient methane generating unit 6, effluent settling chamber 7, the water outlet scratch pool 8, water outlet scratch pool 8 links to each other with biological acidification collected manure device 2 with dash adjustment pond 3 simultaneously, the centre is established pump 4 and water injection allocator 5 successively, and efficient methane generating unit 5 connects biogas buffer storage 9.
According to annual climate law, greenhouse heating and carbon dioxide fertilization requirement etc., the manager determines that the annual demand in greenhouse concentrates on two cycles, and be heat winter the mid-March in mid-November to the coming year energy supply phase, and 6 just arrive the carbon dioxide fertilization energy supply phase by the end of September; The biogas demand of concrete every day specifically changes decision according to weather.
1. biological acidification collected manure device starts
(1) collects chamber planting industry organic waste or other plant husbandry organic wastes as starting raw material by the quantity that is equivalent to 3.5 times of greenhouse average every day of generations, raw material is pulverized pre-treatment;
(2) interpolation contains the N elemental substance in step (1) gained pretreating raw material, mixes, and control compound carbon-nitrogen ratio is 30: 1;
(3) step (2) gained compound is put in the biological acidification collected manure device, added inoculum and inoculate mixing, inoculum is the natural pond slag, obtains fermentation raw material, and the add-on of inoculum is for starting 5% of raw material dry weight;
(4) add water in the collected manure of the biological acidification in step (3) device and ferment, add-on is that the water surface is higher than plane 15cm on the startup raw material, and leavening temperature is controlled at 35 ℃;
(5) drop to 5.2 with liquid pH value in the accurate pH test paper determination step (4) through 3 days fermentation back liquid pH values every day, the startup that the acidifying of raw material transforms and stores is finished.
2. the management and the control of raw material acidifying conversion and storage
(1) in time collects the plant husbandry organic waste that greenhouse management produces every day, in time the material of collecting is pulverized pre-treatment;
(2) interpolation contains the N elemental substance in the pretreating raw material of step (1) gained, mixes, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of control compound is 30: 1;
(3) step (2) gained compound is in time put in the biological acidification collected manure device that has started in the step 1, and added water ferment in biological acidification collected manure device, add-on is that the water surface is higher than plane 15cm on the raw material;
(4) raw material collection, the pre-treatment of every day and add repeating step (1)-(3) and throw full until biological acidification collected manure device;
(5) in the acidifying storage process, the pH value in the periodic monitoring biological acidification collected manure device is regulated assurance pH below 6 with 2% hydrochloric acid.
(6) biological acidification collected manure device operated by rotary motion is 12, throws fullly when a biological acidification collected manure device, reactivates another according to the method for step 1 and step 2.
(7) acidifying of raw material transforms and between the shelf lives, the acidifying fermentation holding temperature of raw material does not heat more than 15 ℃, but has increased thermal insulation layer.
3. the efficient methane generating unit starts
The efficient methane generating unit is the UASB structure, and biogas began to start in March then, starts to finish just to enter the energy supply stage in summer, and concrete setting up procedure is:
(1) drop into inoculum to reaction unit, extract organic acid solution out to the dash adjustment pond from biological acidification collected manure device, adjusting acid solution with clear water then, to control COD concentration be to fill it up with reactor behind the 2000mg/l, and static 3 days.
(2) extract organic acid solution out to the dash adjustment pond from biological acidification collected manure device, adjusting acid solution control COD concentration with clear water earlier is 5000mg/l, continues in the device to carry for two weeks to sending out to answer with pump, and first all controlling reactor loads are 0.6kgCOD/ (m 3D), second week was controlled to be 1kgCOD/ (m 3D).
(3) since the 3rd week, per raising of once loading in 10 days improves 0.5kgCOD/ (m at every turn 3D), until bringing up to 5kg COD/ (m 3D) begin to keep, and kept 30 days.
(4) on the basis of step (3), per 10 days is 2kg COD/ (m by each amplitude 3D) further increase load, make load be increased to 10kg COD/ (m 3D) time, kept one month, finishing device starts.
(5) during step (1)-finished (4), temperature of reactor was controlled at 35 ℃.
(6) during step (1)-finished (4), the reactor water outlet flowed into the water outlet scratch pool through the settling tank post precipitation, added with dash adjustment pond acid solution for biological acidification collected manure device liquid and regulated use.
4. efficient methane generating unit biogas production and greenhouse utilization
(1) enter June, firedamp gas equipment starts to be finished, and promptly enters the carbon dioxide fertilization biogas production phase then, and the biogas demand of concrete every day specifically changes decision according to weather.
(2) biogas required time and the quantity of determining according to step (1) is pressed 1kg COD and is produced 0.4-0.5m 3Quantity required every day of biogas conversion organic acid solution;
(3) can from biological acidification collected manure device, extract former acid solution according to the organic acid content of step (2) conversion to changing towards equalizing tank, and to be adjusted to COD concentration with system's water outlet in the water outlet scratch pool or clear water be 5000mg/l, put into the efficient methane fermentation system that has started, feeding manner is an intermittent feeding, and each feed cycle is all according to load 15kg COD/ (m 3D) speed, it is standby that the biogas of generation enters the biogas buffer storage.Each charging continues and the biogas demand decision of resting period by every day.
(4) when the COD concentration of the extractum of biological acidification collected manure device is lower than 1000mg/l, stop therefrom to extract acid solution.
(5) throw out in the settling tank pond extracted once in per 3 days, was added in the biological acidification collected manure device of finishing extraction.
(6) residue in the sour biological acidification collected manure device that finishes of product and the settling tank pond throw out of input are stored in Chi Tizhong, and the manager all extracts according to the production needs in batches and uses for fertilizer.
5. efficient methane generating unit biogas production is not stopped
Enter mid-September, light index reduces, and greenhouse carbon dioxide fertilization benefit descends, and the manager stops to the fermentation container charging, and the efficient methane generating unit enters not and stops the phase.The manager was the mixed fermentation liquid of 5000mg/l with COD concentration in per 20 days during not stopping, and pressed 5kg COD/ (m 3D) load is to adding the fermentation material that is equivalent to 2 times of volumes of reactor volume, supplementary device nutrition.
6. the efficient methane generating unit restarts
Enter mid-November, temperature reduces, and in order to guarantee kind of plant normal growth in the greenhouse, the manager has adopted the management of heating.The manager pressed 3kg COD/ (m in 10 days in advance than biogas demand at the beginning of 11 months 3D) load carries out the adaptability charging, finishes in the 11st day to enter biogas supply in winter period management after restarting.
7. in the present embodiment, power consumption is bigger owing to heat winter, the fertilizer waste gross output biogas potentiality that greenhouse self produces can not satisfy the total biogas demand of hothouse production, the manager buys the dried wheat straw of 2000kg in addition, and is standby according to the method input biological acidification collected manure pond identical with step 2 in late September.
8. the 2nd year first middle of the month, continuous 5 days low temperature, greenhouse heating sharply rises with the biogas consumption, the acid solution of extracting out in the biological acidification collected manure pond can not normally satisfy the biogas production demand, the manager buys 200kg ageing wheat from local grain storage department and drop into a biological acidification storage pool continuously after roughly grinding, and the input of producing acid starting material has fast satisfied short energy demand.

Claims (9)

  1. But 1, a kind of time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process, it is characterized in that starting and the storage of raw material biological acidification by biological acidification collected manure device, the startup of efficient methane generating unit, biogas production supply, not stop and restart two portions and constitute, its concrete steps are as follows:
    One, biological acidification collected manure device starts and the storage of raw material biological acidification
    (1) by the 2.5-3.5 times of quality collection chamber planting industry organic waste that is equivalent to greenhouse average every day of generation or other plant husbandry organic wastes as starting raw material, pulverize pre-treatment to starting raw material;
    (2) interpolation contains the N elemental substance in step (1) gained pretreating raw material, mixes, and control compound carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20: 1--30: 1;
    (3) step (2) gained compound is put in the biological acidification collected manure device of first use, added inoculum and inoculate, mix, obtain fermentation raw material, the add-on of inoculum is for starting the 3%-5% of raw material dry weight;
    (4) add water in the biological acidification collected manure device in step (3) and ferment, the add-on of water starts raw material plane 10cm for being higher than at least, and leavening temperature is controlled at 20-40 ℃;
    (5) through after the fermentation in 4-5 days, fermented liquid pH value drops to below 6, promptly finishes acidifying collected manure device and starts;
    (6) according to the organic waste of step (1)-(2) collection and treatment hothouse production at any time, in time drop in the biological acidification collected manure device of note through starting, directly add water and exceed more than the 10cm of raw material plane;
    (7) repeating step (6) is thrown until a biological acidification collected manure device expires, and reactivates another biological acidification collected manure device, repetitive operation step (1)-(6).
    Two, the startup of efficient methane generating unit, biogas production supply, not stop and restart
    (1) the efficient methane generating unit starts: drop into inoculum and enter the efficient methane generating unit, the acid solution mixture of extracting out in water or water and the biological acidification collected manure device is filled it up with biogas generating device, and static 3-5 days, the inoculum add-on was 3-10kgVSS/m 3Efficient methane generating unit volume; Extract organic acid solution out from biological acidification collected manure device and pump into the dash adjustment pond, regulate with system's water outlet in the water outlet scratch pool or extraneous water, the chemical oxygen demand cod concentration of control organic acid solution is 2000-5000mg/l, as fermenting marsh gas material; Press 0.5kgCOD/ (m 3D)-2kgCOD/ (m 3D) the stage adjustment hydraulic load of speed, continuously feeding is up to realizing that hydraulic load is 5kgCOD/ (m 3D)-10kg COD/ (m 3D), promptly finish the startup of biogas generating device, whole startup 50-80 days; Between the starting period, temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃; The principle that load is adjusted is after each hydraulic load adjustment is stable, just to begin to carry out the increase of next stage load; The water outlet of biogas generating device flows into the water outlet scratch pool through the settling tank post precipitation, and part is added as biological acidification collected manure device liquid, and part is used for the fermentation material adjusting of dash adjustment pond acid solution and uses;
    (2) biogas production supply:, press 1kg COD and produce 0.4-0.5m according to the T/A of hothouse production actual budget biogas demand 3The quantity required and the time of biogas conversion organic acid solution, and on time according to quantity from biological acidification collected manure device the pump acid solution enter the dash adjustment pond, method is adjusted to fermenting marsh gas material described in (1) set by step; Press 5kgCOD/ (m 3D)--30kgCOD/ (m 3D) flow of hydraulic load adopts intermittently or continuous mode charging in starting good biogas generating device, carries out biogas production, and it is standby that the biogas of generation enters the biogas buffer storage; When the extractum in biological acidification collected manure device during less than 800-1000mg/l, promptly this biological acidification collected manure device stops to produce acid, stops to continue the extraction fermented liquid from this device;
    (3) the biogas production body stops: when the greenhouse stops the biogas demand, stop to the charging of efficient methane generating unit, device enters and not stops state; During not stopping, keep adding the one time fermentation material in every 10-30 days, the nutritional needs of microorganism in the assurance system; The same step of control method (1) of adding the fermentation material is described; The amount of adding the fermentation material is 1-3 a times of efficient methane generating unit volume, and the speed of adding is 2-5kgCOD/ (m 3D);
    Restarting after (4) biogas production is not stopped:, enter new must restarting before cycle again with gas for being in the efficient methane device that not stops state in the step (3); The method of restarting be new begin with the gas cycle before 3-10 days, press 1.8kgCOD/ (m 3D)-2.2kgCOD/ (m 3D) load is to the efficient methane device ferment material of setting out;
    (5) throw out in the settling tank regularly extracts by 2-3 days one-period, and is added to the biological acidification collected manure device that stops to produce acid, stops to produce the fermentation residue in the sour biological acidification collected manure device and knocking down the throw out of settling tank as hothouse production fertilizer.
  2. But 2, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process according to claim 1, other that it is characterized in that described in the step 1 (1) producing acid starting material obtain the source be in the organic solid castoff argol just, in dry straw or the green grass any.
  3. But 3, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described N of containing elemental substance is the one to multiple kind in urea, bicarbonate of ammonia or the feces of livestock and poultry.
  4. But 4, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process according to claim 1 is characterized in that described inoculum is any in natural pond slag, natural pond liquid or the anaerobically digested sludge.
  5. But 5, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the inoculation of efficient methane generating unit, adopt water to add the acid solution mixing of extracting out in the biological acidification collected manure device and fill it up with the efficient methane generating unit, the COD concentration of mixed solution is 1000-2000mg/l.
  6. But 6, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process according to claim 1, the pulverizing pre-treatment that it is characterized in that described organic waste takes to be cut into by artificial or mechanical means the segment of 2～3cm; Perhaps it is carried out pre-treatment by stalk rubbing pulverizer.
  7. 7, but a kind of time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation system, it is characterized in that by biological acidification collected manure device (2), dash adjustment pond (3), efficient methane generating unit (6), effluent settling chamber (7), water outlet scratch pool (8) and biogas buffer storage (9) connect to form through pipeline and valve successively, wherein, between biological acidification collected manure device (2) and the Buffer Pool (3) main control valve 10 is set, between Buffer Pool (3) and the efficient methane generating unit (6) pump (4) is set, efficient methane generating unit (6), effluent settling chamber (7), the water outlet scratch pool is finished connection by the flow by gravity of water between (8), water outlet scratch pool (8) links to each other with biological acidification collected manure device (2) with dash adjustment pond (3) simultaneously, the centre is established pump (4) and water injection allocator (5) successively, and efficient methane generating unit (5) connects biogas buffer storage (9).
  8. But 8, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that efficient methane generating unit (5) adopts any among anaerobic filter reactor AF, upflow sludge bed reactor UASB or the CGSB EGSB, the volume of efficient methane generating unit (5) is 0.5-2 a times of the one day required maximum biogas volume in greenhouse.
  9. But 9, time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation system according to claim 8 is characterized in that biological acidification collected manure device (2) is 6-12, and cumulative volume is the 60%-80% of greenhouse organic waste generation in year cumulative volume.
CNB2006101474176A 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Time-controllable greenhouse marsh gas fermentation process and system Expired - Fee Related CN100480392C (en)

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CN101987796A (en) * 2010-11-15 2011-03-23 天津市庆烁环保工程有限公司 Two-stage dry anaerobic fermentation process of Chinese medicine residue
CN102604701A (en) * 2012-03-21 2012-07-25 山东民和生物科技有限公司 Methane biodesulfurization method
CN102796658A (en) * 2012-08-23 2012-11-28 涂维浩 System for using waste heat of fermentation broth and biogas slurry obtained by anaerobic fermentation biogas production and use method therefor
CN106587558A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-04-26 同济大学 Method for promoting anaerobic digestion of high solid sludge to produce methane and reducing hydrogen sulfide content by alkaline fermentation
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CN1461808A (en) * 2002-05-27 2003-12-17 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Treatment technology and device of producing methane from straw-stalk type cultural solid waste material
CN2823267Y (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-10-04 曹邦文 Device for fast fermentation of organic garbage methane

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CN101987796A (en) * 2010-11-15 2011-03-23 天津市庆烁环保工程有限公司 Two-stage dry anaerobic fermentation process of Chinese medicine residue
CN101987796B (en) * 2010-11-15 2013-01-30 天津市庆烁环保工程有限公司 Two-stage dry anaerobic fermentation process of Chinese medicine residue
CN102604701A (en) * 2012-03-21 2012-07-25 山东民和生物科技有限公司 Methane biodesulfurization method
CN102604701B (en) * 2012-03-21 2014-03-26 山东民和生物科技有限公司 Methane biodesulfurization method
CN102796658A (en) * 2012-08-23 2012-11-28 涂维浩 System for using waste heat of fermentation broth and biogas slurry obtained by anaerobic fermentation biogas production and use method therefor
CN102796658B (en) * 2012-08-23 2014-06-25 涂维浩 System for using waste heat of fermentation broth and biogas slurry obtained by anaerobic fermentation biogas production and use method therefor
CN106587558A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-04-26 同济大学 Method for promoting anaerobic digestion of high solid sludge to produce methane and reducing hydrogen sulfide content by alkaline fermentation
CN106587558B (en) * 2016-12-26 2020-06-19 同济大学 Method for promoting anaerobic digestion of high-solid-content sludge to produce biogas and reducing content of hydrogen sulfide by alkaline fermentation
CN108410715A (en) * 2018-04-02 2018-08-17 安徽师范大学 A kind of lignocellulose raw material high solid methane phase system and its process
CN108410715B (en) * 2018-04-02 2023-09-19 安徽师范大学 High-solid methane production system for wood fiber raw material and process method thereof

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