CN1986336A - 动力燃料罐 - Google Patents

动力燃料罐 Download PDF

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CN1986336A
CN1986336A CNA2006101641003A CN200610164100A CN1986336A CN 1986336 A CN1986336 A CN 1986336A CN A2006101641003 A CNA2006101641003 A CN A2006101641003A CN 200610164100 A CN200610164100 A CN 200610164100A CN 1986336 A CN1986336 A CN 1986336A
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fuel
jar
tank
outlet
passage
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CN100564991C (zh
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凯·菲利普·贝鲁茨
马克·米夏埃利斯
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EADS Space Transportation GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
    • B64G1/402—Propellant tanks; Feeding propellants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
    • B64G1/402—Propellant tanks; Feeding propellants
    • B64G1/4021—Tank construction; Details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/088—Mounting arrangements for vessels for use under microgravity conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0188—Hanging up devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F17C2205/0397—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel on both sides of the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/08—Ergols, e.g. hydrazine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/027—Making transfer independent of vessel orientation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0194—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space for use under microgravity conditions, e.g. space
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86348—Tank with internally extending flow guide, pipe or conduit

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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种表面张力罐，它用于储存能储存的动力燃料如宇宙飞行器中的MMH、N2O4和肼并且借助于一种用作为输送介质的动力燃气运行，在一个动力燃料取出装置中，借助于毛细的上升帮助和一个处在罐出口上的收集容器实现动力燃料与动力燃气的分离。其中所述罐出口这样构成，使得液体在罐水平取向和低的罐填充度时稳定地保持于动力燃料管道中，即通过罐出口设有一个螺旋形构成的通道以及一些连接或开孔通道，它们将收集容器与一个排出管连接。并且所述收集容器的内腔这样构成，以致它通过利用表面张力完全用液体充满。

Description

动力燃料罐
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力燃料罐，特别是一种用于储存为宇宙飞行器的运行用的腐蚀性的液体的罐，具有一种用作为输送介质的动力燃气以及至少一个动力燃料取出装置，包括至少各一个收集容器和一个罐出口，其中通过利用表面张力引起动力燃料与动力燃气的分离，其中取出装置以一种可重复填充的贮池的形式设置在动力燃料罐的底部并且经由一些输送管道与动力燃料罐的内部连接。
背景技术
在宇宙飞行器中，例如卫星或轨道空间站，在相当大程度上将液体动力燃料不仅用于那些用于在宇宙定位调节的驱动装置而且还用于那些用于实施远地点飞行(Apogummanvers)的驱动装置，这些液体动力燃料被夹带于为此适用的容器中并且在使用一种动力燃气的情况下从所述容器输送到相当的驱动装置的燃烧或反应室中。作为动力燃气通常使用惰性气体例如氦(He)或氮(N2)，它们通过压力被压入到动力燃料容器中并且其因此将动力燃料压入到通向相应的驱动装置的管道系统中。此时重要的是，在作为输送介质的动力燃气与进入到驱动装置中的动力燃料之间的完全而可靠的分离，因为后者在点火时必须绝对没有外来气体掺入。由DE 100 40 755 C2已知一种基于该原理的开头所述类型的罐。
一种将液体和气体彼此分离的标准方法在于滤器的应用，这些滤器在一个规定的压力差内违抗气体的渗透。但在具有小的动力燃料排送流量的较小的卫星中，在一定的情况下可以放弃这些比较昂贵的滤器。并且对这样的罐的一种特别的和经常的要求是，已填充的动力燃料罐结合于卫星中向发射场水平输送的可能性，在关于罐填充度要求没有限制时尤其如此。在输送期间产生的力由于动力效应可以超过由地心引力引起的力多倍。因此在至今已知的这种类型的罐中，或将罐填充度限制到较小的填充度，从而始终以液体围绕罐出口，或者通过一个很窄的通道限制罐出口，但该通道在动力燃料排放时产生较高的压力损失。通常预先给定在此最大允许的压力损失。
对一种这样的罐的另一要求是要以横向于罐出口的定位将包括这种类型的罐的卫星运送到轨道中的可能性。特别在运送多个小型卫星时产生这样的可能性，它们侧向水平地安装在一个中心的支承结构上。在火箭发射时产生的高的动力负载导致游离的滤器和开孔通常不再具有保持能力，也就是不可能阻止动力燃气进入到出口中。这在动力燃料罐未被完全充满并且敏感的构件如滤器和开孔从液体中凸出时导致失灵。于是动力燃气在高的负载下可以通过滤器和开孔进入罐出口，这又可以导致驱动装置的失灵。因此以水平定位的罐的火箭发射带有至今已知的开头所述类型的罐是不可能的。
此外由EP 0 367 001 B1和DE 37 50 727 T2已知一些动力燃料罐，其中各收集容器和罐出口通过利用表面张力引起动力燃料和动力燃气的分离并且一个取出装置设置在动力燃料罐的底部。其中的缺点是，在罐内小的动力燃料液位时和在输送和/或发射时在不同的转角下水平定位时，在排出孔上不能保证动力燃料量，以阻止气体流入排出孔中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，进一步构成一种按照前序部分所述的罐，使得即使在罐的不同定位中以水平定位的卫星罐和在同时小的液体液位的情况下也能实施发射。同时应该可以以水平的位置输送该罐而对其取向和其填充度没有限制，此时仍应确保在紧接着发射的轨道运行中向驱动装置无气泡地输送动力燃料。
本发明这样达到该目的，即在一个这种类型的罐中，罐出口设有一些连接或开孔通道以及一个螺旋形的通道，该螺旋形的通道将收集容器与出口的一个排出管连接。
通过本发明的动力燃料罐的构成确保，即使在罐内小的动力燃料液位时和罐在不同的取向即绕纵轴线的转角下水平定位时，在输送和/或发射时，也总是在排出孔处保持一定的动力燃料量继而没有气体能侵入到排出孔中。这通过本发明设置的动力燃料出口的内部的迷宫状构型得到保证。动力燃料的无气泡输送在紧接着的轨道运行中这样确保，动力燃料出口的内部通过利用在发射阶段以后的失重状态下的毛细力在极短的时间内即在几秒钟内总是完全充满的。在该填充过程以后，罐被准备好。
与传统的罐相比，用于本发明的罐的制造成本实际上并没有提高，因此在保持相同的成本情况下，可达到一种关于在地面上和在火箭发射期间的操纵性方面的明显提高的灵活性。其中按照本发明的动力燃料罐同时设计成使其能够在没有滤器情况下实现一种可靠的和无气泡的输送。
附图说明
以下将借助于一个在附图中示出的实施例更详细地说明本发明的动力燃料罐。其中：
图1  一个动力燃料罐的透视图；
图2  图1的动力燃料罐在罐出口的区域内的详图；
图3  沿图2中III-III截取的剖面图；
图4  图1的动力燃料罐在纵轴线的区域内的垂直剖面图，在这种用于发射的情况下，该动力燃料罐设置于水平位置；以及
图5至8  根据那些在图3中的不同的取向时的视图，其中分别同时示出了包含的残余液体。
具体实施方式
图1所示的动力燃料罐涉及一种表面张力罐，用于容纳和储存腐蚀性的能储存的动力燃料，例如MMH、N2O4和肼，具有一个设置在罐底部的动力燃料取出装置，其中通过利用表面张力引起动力燃料与动力燃气的分离，在罐中，四个导向板1沿罐壁2被引导并且通到一个由一个盖板16覆盖的在动力燃料罐底部的收集容器3。经由一个罐出口4，动力燃料可以从该容器3中通过一种动力燃气排向一个图中未示出的燃烧或反应室。作为动力燃气在这里通常使用惰性气体氦(He)或氮(N2)，它们将动力燃料压入到通向相应的驱动装置的、图中未示出的管道系统中。
如图2的剖视图所示，收集容器3的下部9在罐出口4处构成为旋转件，由此特别可以保持低的制造成本。按照图2和3，一个螺旋形盘绕的通道15以及多个，在所示实施例情况下是三个，直径分别约为2mm的连接或开孔通道11将由一环形通道12构成的收集容器3的内部与一个中心设置的排出管10连接。在此这些连接或开孔通道11在罐出口内倾斜设置，使得在初次向罐填充以动力燃料过程中不包含动力燃气气泡。
收集容器的内腔12在其几何形状上这样构成，使其不仅在罐从水平位置旋转到垂直位置时，例如在以小的罐填充度水平输送以后，而且在失重状态下，由于毛细作用重新自动完全和无气泡地充满。螺旋形盘绕的通道15的填充通过一个附加居中制出的槽14给予支持。通道15朝环形通道12的方向越来越宽，从而将气泡朝环形通道12的方向排出。切入的槽14支持螺旋形通道15的填充。
通常在罐垂直定位时向罐填充以动力燃料，就是说，在这种情况下，罐的纵轴线13平行于地心引力的方向延伸，此时整个罐出口4以及收集容器3完全被动力燃料充满。如果紧接着将动力燃料罐绕罐轴线倾倒，使动力燃料罐处于水平位置，在该位置，动力燃料5在小的填充度情况下，如图4中所示，不再浸湿出口4，而其液位位于该出口4以下距离h处，通道15的螺旋形构成导致，液体既不能在水平输送时又不能在水平发射时从排出管10返回到动力燃料罐中。在图5至8中示出了在罐的不同的取向时收集容器的下部，无上面的盖板16。通道11和15的组合在任何情况下保证排出管10可以不排空。罐从垂直位置到水平位置的倾倒在任何方向都是可以的。
在出口内多个连接或开孔通道11的应用还导致与至今已知的这种类型的罐相比在排出动力燃料的过程中在罐出口4处大大减小的压力损失。按照本发明，出口的构型除关于水平输送和水平发射的扩展应用领域外还具有关于最大可允许压力损失以及在地面上较快速的填充和排空罐方面的较大的潜力。

Claims (4)

1.动力燃料罐，特别是用于储存为宇宙飞行器的运行用的腐蚀性的液体的罐，具有一种用作输送介质的动力燃气以及至少一个动力燃料取出装置，包括至少各一个收集容器和一个罐出口，其中通过利用表面张力引起动力燃料与动力燃气的分离，其中取出装置以一种可重复填充的贮池的形式设置在动力燃料罐的底部并且经由一些输送管道与动力燃料罐的内部连接，其特征在于，所述罐出口设有一些连接或开孔通道(11)以及一个螺旋形构成的通道(15)，它们将收集容器(3)与出口(4)的一个排出管(10)连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的动力燃料罐，其特征在于，所述通道(15)朝这些连接或开孔通道(11)的方向逐渐缩小。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的动力燃料罐，其特征在于，所述通道(15)附加设有一个槽(14)。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的动力燃料罐，其特征在于，所述收集容器(3)的内部构成为环形的通道(12)。
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