CN1975463A - Multipoint engineering structural crack state monitoring device and method thereof - Google Patents
Multipoint engineering structural crack state monitoring device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1975463A CN1975463A CN 200510124030 CN200510124030A CN1975463A CN 1975463 A CN1975463 A CN 1975463A CN 200510124030 CN200510124030 CN 200510124030 CN 200510124030 A CN200510124030 A CN 200510124030A CN 1975463 A CN1975463 A CN 1975463A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a kind of simple resistance multiple spot engineering structure dehiscence state monitoring device, it mainly includes: the measuring resistance instrument , a pair of leading conducting wire as well as at least one monitor component installed in series, the monitor component is composed of one conducting wire and one electric resistance connected in parallel; the measuring resistance instrument is used for measuring the general electric resistance value in real time , each two terminals of the measuring resistance instrument is connected with one end of the two leading conducting wire , the other end of one leading conducting wire links the first monitor component , the output end of the last monitor component links the other end of the other leading conducting wire; Every monitor component is corresponding to a point easy to split or point easy to separate and displace. This invention also discloses a kind of monitoring method corresponding with the device at the same time.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring device, refer to especially that a kind of variation that utilizes the monitoring total resistance value monitor also to ftracture in the location structure engineering in real time to put the monitoring device and the monitoring method thereof of position and state.
At various structural engineerings, especially in the high steep geotechnical slope engineering, relevant under the effect of engineering power rock soil mass where produce cracking when, or the information that ftractures again of existing crack is vital for the deviser and the constructor of slope project.So-called " cracking " is meant engineering structural system owing to stressed, distortion produce the concurrent phenomenon of offing normal and moving estranged in crack, also makes a general reference the phenomenon of the disadvantageous separation displacement of generation between engineering part in use here.If can in time understand, just can adopt various measures early and handle, to avoid the cracking development about information such as cracking happening part and generation times.Generally speaking, more early handle and to receive the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort more, otherwise cracking may continue expansion, and the sliding strength of rock soil mass is further reduced, and produce new cracking, even cause producing landslide and landslide, bring bigger loss.
In engineerings such as other building, bridge and dam, similar situation is also arranged, do not expect to take place to surpass the structure cracking of certain permissible value or the separation displacement between installing component yet.
In order in time to grasp happening part and generation time, monitor the most frequently used, the most important means of engineers often about cracking or excessive separation displacement.In general, monitoring method can be divided into two big classes: patrol and examine and instrument monitoring.Wherein, patrol and examine and be meant that on-the-spot patrol, site observation, its advantage are that scope reliable, that patrol and examine is big, and, owing to do not need the expensive instrument monitoring to make the monitoring funds economize.But this method needs expensive manpower; And this method, can not be patrolled and examined as being prone to most cracking under the conditions such as heavy rain, explosion in time at some special occasions.Instrument monitoring is meant by testing tool monitoring cracking dotted state, and its advantage is can monitor in real time under various special occasions, the precision height, also can do continuous monitoring etc. if desired.But, owing to adopting more expensive instrument to need higher cost usually.And, problem such as also just exist measuring point to arrange owing to instrument is more expensive limited, and monitoring range is not very big.In addition, multiple Electrical Measuring Instrument is also often poor because of the monitoring condition, as factors such as humidity, dust, artificial destructions, and exists problems such as the long term monitoring reliability is relatively poor.
In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of resistance-type engineering structural crack state monitoring device, make it need not a large amount of manpowers many places point easy to crack or state of displacement point easily takes place to separate on a large scale in the monitoring works in real time, and reliability, precision is higher, cost is cheaper.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of monitoring method, make that the location of splitting knick point is more accurate, precision is higher, and test specification is bigger, cost is lower, operation is easier flexibly.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention specifically is achieved in that
A kind of resistance-type engineering structural crack state monitoring device, crucial in mainly comprising: measure the monitoring component of resistance instrument, a pair of main traverse line and at least one mutual series connection, wherein, this monitoring component is formed in parallel by a lead and a resistance; Measurement resistance instrument is used for measuring in real time the total resistance value of this monitoring device, two terminals that measure the resistance instrument link to each other with an end of two main traverse lines respectively, the other end of one main traverse line links to each other with first monitoring component, and the output terminal of last monitoring component links to each other with the other end of another main traverse line; Corresponding point easy to crack of each monitoring component or the easy separation displacement point that takes place.
Described monitoring component further comprises: two bolts that conductive material is made, and two bolts are with intensity conductive material welding lower and that have certain toughness or connection; These two bolts are individually fixed in by electrically non-conductive material or through the nut that insulation is handled and survey on the seat, and the outside of this nut is an annular groove; An end of lead is welded in the afterbody of one of them bolt with an end of a main traverse line in the monitoring component; The other end of lead is welded in the afterbody of another bolt with an end of another main traverse line in the monitoring component.
At resistive element, conductive material and the outside surface that is in the bolt tip outside the nut, be arranged with the rubber protective sleeve and tighten up ring, tighten up ring the rubber protective sleeve is anchored in the annular groove of nut outside.
The slide outside of a side nut projecting surface is socketed with an overcoat therein, this overcoat is directly with to survey seat fixing or build with the concrete peg and to be integral, the end play that one adjustable size is arranged between the axial end of overcoat and the axial end of nut, this end play are used to control the separation displacement that the cracking point is allowed.
The resistance value of described lead is close to zero.The resistance of resistance in each monitoring component, or the resistance sum of resistance is all unequal during an above monitoring component combination in any.
A kind of monitoring method of utilizing above-mentioned monitoring device to realize the monitoring of cracking dotted state, this method comprises the steps: at least
A. determine monitoring point number and position;
B. construct the resistance-type monitoring device and set resistance value in the monitoring component, wherein, the number of monitoring component equals determined monitoring point number among the step a in the monitoring device;
C. in the actual monitoring zone monitoring device is installed, corresponding monitoring point of each monitoring component in the monitoring device;
D. read the total resistance value that measures on the resistance instrument in real time,, continue monitoring, promptly return steps d if total resistance value is changed to zero; Otherwise,, determine the position, monitoring point of cracking according to the corresponding relation of resistance value and monitoring point; Then, judging whether needs to continue test, if desired, then returns steps d, otherwise withdraws from.
Wherein, described resistance value and the corresponding relation of monitoring point are meant the resistance of resistance in the corresponding monitoring component of each total resistance value, or the resistance sum of resistance during a corresponding above monitoring component combination in any.
By such scheme as can be seen, resistance-type engineering structural crack state monitoring device provided by the present invention and monitoring method thereof have following advantage and characteristics:
1) need not a large amount of manpowers, and monitoring range is big.This monitoring device mainly is made of the monitoring component that several have resistance, therefore can be installed in Anywhere, but make that its monitored area can be a very big scope.This device can be judged the position of cracking point by measuring total resistance value at any time under any environment, any weather, the inspection on the spot under the situation of awful weather in person that therefore need not to employ a tremendous amount of manpower again was both convenient, saved manpower again, reduced cost.
2) monitoring in real time, accurate positioning, precision height.After this monitoring device installs on the spot,, therefore can measure at any time owing to only need measure total resistance value, continuous coverage.Because can determine cracking point particular location according to the corresponding relation of resistance value and monitoring component or monitoring point, therefore, accuracy, the precision of location are higher.
3) simple, convenient, flexible.Monitoring device of the present invention is can judge the number and the position of orienting the cracking point by the variation of the total resistance value of monitoring this device, brings great convenience for user's use.
4) easy for installation, cost is low.Because this monitoring device mainly is made of resistance, lead, when actual installation, add some at most as bolt, nut, conductive material, survey seat or the like mechanical organ, therefore install simple and convenient, and these electrical equipments and additional mechanical organ price are all very low, make the cost of whole device and construction cost reduce.
5) be not subjected to surrounding environment influence, the reliability height.This monitoring device is made simple, and all there are waterproof, protection against the tide, antirust, anticorrosion, dustproof, the anti-protective seam that breaks ring in the outside of each monitoring component when actual test environment is installed; And for the lead that guarantees monitoring component can increase structures such as mechanical bolt, nut, conductive material pad again with the cracking point by drawing crack; For the permission cracking width that makes cracking point or separate that displacement is optional to be selected, increased by a slide construction again; Too responsive in order to make to the micro-displacement or the rotation of other direction outside the cracking displacement of main monitoring, increased the structure of pad again with certain toughness, thereby make whole monitoring device influenced by weather extremes, have quite high reliability and dirigibility again.
The present invention is further described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is for being provided with the side slope sectional view of monitoring point on side slope;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory synoptic diagram of monitoring device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the monitoring component of each monitoring point among the present invention;
The process flow diagram that Fig. 4 realizes for monitoring method among the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, monitoring device of the present invention comprises that at least measures resistance instrument 21, a pair of main traverse line 22,25 and n the monitoring component 20 of series connection mutually, wherein, each monitoring component 20 corresponding point easy to crack, this monitoring component 20 is R by a resistance almost nil a lead 24 and a resistance
i(i=1,2 ..., resistance 23 n) is formed in parallel.Measurement resistance instrument 21 is used for measuring in real time the total resistance value of this monitoring device, two terminals that measure resistance instrument 21 link to each other with an end of main traverse line 22,25 respectively, the other end of main traverse line 22 inserts first monitoring component 20, and the output terminal of last monitoring component 20 links to each other with the other end of main traverse line 25.Generally, the common very long main traverse line of two length that measures 21 accesses of resistance instrument and pick out can be enclosed within the overcoat, make main traverse line become a sleeve pipe cable, be easier to bury underground and protect.
When the cracking point does not disconnect, the resistance value of each monitoring component 20 is the resistance of lead 24 in its formation, and at this moment, the total resistance value that measurement resistance instrument 21 is measured whole monitoring device is all lead resistance sums, because the resistance of each lead 24 is almost nil, so total resistance value also is close to zero.And when the several cracking points of a certain cracking point or certain disconnect, measure total resistance that resistance instrument 21 measures and be this cracking point resistance or several cracking resistance value sum.
Want to realize above-mentioned localization method--promptly just can locate the method for cracking point according to different resistances, just must guarantee the resistance value of each cracking point, and the resistance value sum of each cracking point combination is inequality entirely, simultaneously, guarantee that the precision that minimal difference between each resistance must be enough to monitored device distinguishes, and minimum resistance and maximum resistance do not exceed the measurement range of monitoring device.So, could accurately judge the position of identifying the cracking point according to resistance.Based on this thought, following principle is followed in the resistance design for each resistance among the present invention:
The resistance value of each resistance should be not equal to the resistance value sum of the arbitrary group of monitoring component that can cut off simultaneously, and its difference size should be enough to monitoring device is differentiated.If there be j monitoring component to be simultaneously severed at most, then the resistance value of i monitoring component can be designed to:
R
i＝R
i-1+R
i-2+…+R
i-j+1
The resistance value of the unit that enough differentiate for monitoring device " 1 " that wherein, adds behind the formula.
Situation with place fracture, the fracture of two places and many places fracture further describes above-mentioned resistance value design application in practice below:
1〉the cut judgement of place's monitoring component is only arranged:
When circuit was connected, the total resistance value R of total circuit was R
0, it equals the resistance sum of each section lead that electric current passes through; Parallel conducting wire W when a certain monitoring component (such as first monitoring component)
1When the place is broken, the total resistance value of total circuit become approx for:
R＝R
1+R
0-R
1′ (1)
Wherein, R
1' be lead W
1Resistance value.And the like, as the parallel conducting wire W of i monitoring component
iWhen being broken, total resistance value R will equal:
R＝R
I+R
0-R
i′(i＝1，2，…，n) (2)
Consider each monitoring component the resistance R of a section lead in parallel
1' ..., R
n' be substantially equal to one another, so can remember as R
v, that is:
R
v＝R
1′＝R
2′＝…＝R
v′ (3)
So (2) formula can be rewritten conduct:
R＝R
I+R
0-R
v(i＝1，2，…，n) (4)
Just can find out certain measured value R of total resistance value according to formula (4)
MjRelation with relevant each resistance:
Because R
1..., R
2..., R
n, promptly each value of the right of formula (5) was pre-known before this, so only work as R
1, R
2... R
iR
nWhen differing enough big each other, which monitoring component just can judge what disconnected exactly according to formula (5) is, also the particular location with regard to being buried underground as can be known.Simultaneously, according to R
MjThe measurement time of measured value also can roughly be made the time that circuit disconnects.
2〉two judgements that monitoring component cuts off simultaneously:
If two monitoring components rupture simultaneously, for example the 1st and i monitoring component rupture simultaneously, then the total resistance value R of circuit will equal:
R＝R
1+R
i+R
0-2R
v(i＝1，2，…，n) (6)
Also can find out certain measured value R of total resistance value according to formula (6) and (3)
MjRelation with relevant each resistance:
Equally, because R
1+ R ..., R
1+ R
i..., R
N+1+ R
n, promptly each value of formula (7) the right is known, so only work as R
1+ R
i..., R
N+1+ R
nAnd R
1, R
2..., R
nWhen differing enough big each other, just can judge exactly according to (7) is which two monitoring component has disconnected, and then definite physical location of being buried underground.Simultaneously, according to R
MjThe measurement time of measured value, also can make the time that circuit cuts off.
3〉judgement cut off simultaneously of a plurality of monitoring components:
From slope project practical distortion failure law, a plurality of cut situations of monitoring components while seldom.If but take place, also can be as stated above and formula (7), promptly according to the method for designing of resistance value, determine the possible syntagmatic of good various resistance values in advance, then, can determine the position of each monitoring component of being simultaneously severed by the actual resistance value of measuring.
For the non-situation about take place cutting off simultaneously of a plurality of monitoring components, can be by instant recording with the resistance of each time actual measurement as next time R
0Value just can adopt formula (5) to determine the cut monitoring component of each time successively then.
Be also pointed out that because R
VWith R
1, R
2..., R
nValue compare much smallerly, to such an extent as to can be assumed to zero, so formula (1)～formula (7) all can further be simplified.
Referring to shown in Figure 3, when guaranteeing the slope ground body by drawing crack, the conductor part of monitoring component (is the W shown in Fig. 2
i, W
2..., W
n) be cut off.This structure is provided with two conductive material bolts 36 and 313, and lower conductive material 312 welding of two bolts 36 and 313 usefulness intensity or be connected.In addition, these two bolts are individually fixed on the upper end 34 and 316 of reinforced concrete peg by nonconducting nut 35 and 314.According to parallel way shown in Figure 2, one of them bolt 36 is welded in the afterbody 33 of this bolt with a lead 32 that connects resistive element 311 and an end main traverse line 31; Another bolt then is welded on the afterbody 319 of this bolt with the main traverse line 320 of the other end and with the other end lead 317 that is connected resistance.
Will be when representative by the peg 37 of the ground both sides of drawing crack with 318 during by relative drawing back, drawing crack seam 310 will occur, and the while welding or the tie point of conductive material 312 will be drawn back.This just means that monitoring component is destroyed, and electric current will all flow to another main traverse line 320 through a main traverse line 31, a lead 32, resistive element 311, another lead 317.At this moment, the resistance value of this monitoring component is the value of resistive element 311.And then can realize the monitoring of craze and transfiguration or separating position shifting state according to above-mentioned resistance detection principle.Same principle adopts similarly device, about also can realizing, the monitoring of the changing of the relative positions of crack, the left and right sides or shear displacemant state.
In fact, rock soil mass has certain permission cracking width under many circumstances, and for adapting to this situation, this device allows width is selected.As shown in Figure 3, the outside of a non-conductive nut 314 therein increases by an overcoat 315 that directly is cast in the concrete peg again, is sliding mode between the two.When their projecting surface contacted, overcoat 315 just can spur nut 314, made it along with peg draws back, and connected together owing to bolts and nuts again, so when two pegs separate relatively, two bolts also will be broken at weld conductive material 312 places; But before their projecting surface does not contact, just can not produce pulling force, so in fact the space L between two projecting surfaces that stayed among Fig. 3 be exactly the width that allows cracking, the value of L is adjustable.To about, the monitoring of the changing of the relative positions of crack, the left and right sides or shear displacemant permissible value, only need slidably bolt be installed in the corresponding to direction of displacement monitoring on get final product.
If require outside the cracking displacement of main monitoring, the micro-displacement of other direction or rotation are difficult for causing circuit to disconnect, then can adopt material or structure, weld mutually, make pad have certain toughness as the conductive material that has the certain deformation ability by a section with certain toughness.
Though, to compare with common electric measuring type monitoring instrument, this monitoring device is to quite abominable monitoring of environmental (as humidity, dust etc.) and insensitive.But in order to guarantee the reliability of this device long term monitoring, on the structure of this device, can further take the kinds of protect method, please again referring to shown in Figure 3.
A), adopt stainless nut 35 and 314 corrosion protection in addition, in order to avoid the metallic bolt directly contacts with the reinforced concrete peg for bolt 36 and 313;
B), can adopt rubber protective sleeve 39 and it is fastened in the annular groove of stainless nut outside, to play a protective role with tightening up ring 38 in order to prevent that the bolt point end parts outside resistive element 311, conductive material 312 and the nut from producing phenomenons such as corrosion.
C) can be at the pad place of bolt tail 33 and 319, block the circular hole that bolt tail and stainless nut constitute with butter and rubber cylinder etc., to reach the effect of protection solder joint.
Referring to shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 utilizes above-mentioned monitoring device to finish the particular flow sheet of actual monitoring.Monitoring method of the present invention comprises the steps: at least
1) determines position, monitoring point and number.According to the characteristics of the slope project of being monitored, the point of finding out the most probable cracking is as the monitoring point, and some monitoring points that will be located substantially on the line are linked to be a survey line.As shown in Figure 1, be provided with one on the side slope section 12 among Fig. 1 and be positioned at the survey line 13 that the monitoring point that easily produces cracking is formed by A, B, C, D, E etc.
In the ordinary course of things, survey line will arrange along the direction of side slope steepest, and it is in the projection on the level with occurred the projection approximate vertical of cracking on surface level that maybe will produce.
2) structure monitoring device.According to the number that is in a monitoring point on the survey line together, design a resistance-type crack state monitoring device, comprise in this monitoring device and the same number of monitoring component in monitoring point, and configure the resistance of resistance in each monitoring component.Have five monitoring point A, B, C, D, E such as survey line shown in Figure 1, then design five resistance-type crack state monitoring parts that resistance value is different in this monitoring device, wherein the principle of design of each resistance value as previously mentioned.
3) actual test.Monitoring device is installed on actual monitor area, the corresponding monitoring point of each monitoring component.
4) monitoring.The throughput apparatus of resistance is read the current total resistance value of measuring and is judged in real time, if current total resistance value is changed to zero, then continues monitoring; Otherwise, if current total resistance value is non-vanishing, then determine the position of the monitoring component of current disconnection according to the corresponding relation of current resistance value and foregoing resistance value and monitoring component, and then pass through the corresponding relation of each monitoring component and monitoring point, the cracking point wherein as can be known.After this cracking point Monitoring and Positioning finished, judging whether needed to continue test, if desired, then returns step 4), otherwise withdraws from.
When actual monitoring, can adopt dual mode: a kind of is manual monitoring, measures total resistance value with the simple resistance instrument that measures exactly, at every turn with the manual mode record and carry out corresponding analyzing and processing.Another kind is automatic monitoring, adopt exactly and comprise the measuring instrument that measures the resistance function, this instrument also has the each measurement of automatic record, automatically measurement is analyzed, and provide the functions such as judged result of monitoring point fracture position, it can be monitored incessantly in real time and submit to the result to report, the slip-stick artist handles it according to corresponding report again.
In a word, adopt monitoring device of the present invention and monitoring method can monitor in real time in actual applications with locate in the certain limit, many places point easy to crack maybe can separate the state at place, and reliability, precision are higher, simple to operate flexibly, fast, the more convenient user of judgement speed uses.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of simple and easy resistance-type multipoint engineering structural crack or engineering part separating position shifting state monitoring device, it is characterized in that mainly comprising: the monitoring component that measures resistance instrument, a pair of main traverse line and at least one mutual series connection, wherein, this monitoring component is formed in parallel by a lead and a resistance; Measurement resistance instrument is used for measuring in real time the total resistance value of this monitoring device, two terminals that measure the resistance instrument link to each other with an end of two main traverse lines respectively, the other end of one main traverse line links to each other with first monitoring component, and the output terminal of last monitoring component links to each other with the other end of another main traverse line; Corresponding point easy to crack of each monitoring component or the easy separation displacement point that takes place.
2, monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the resistance of resistance in each monitoring component, or the resistance sum of resistance is all unequal during an above monitoring component combination in any, thereby makes and have unique corresponding relation between each total resistance value that may occur and each monitoring point.
3, monitoring device according to claim 1, a total resistance value that it is characterized in that the monitoring component of the each point of throughput location on same survey line, the cracking and the displacement state of multiple spot on the while monitoring works structure, and according to the corresponding relation of total resistance value and monitoring point, location cracking point or separate the position that displacement exceeds the point of permissible value exactly.
4, monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described monitoring component further comprises: two bolts that conductive material is made, and two bolts are with intensity lower conductive material welding or connection; These two bolts are individually fixed in the upper end of surveying seat by electrically non-conductive material or through the nut that insulation is handled, and the outside of this nut is an annular groove; An end of lead is welded in the afterbody of one of them bolt with an end of a main traverse line in the monitoring component; The other end of lead is welded in the afterbody of another bolt with an end of another main traverse line in the monitoring component.
5, monitoring device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: at resistive element, conductive material and the outside surface that is in the bolt tip outside the nut; be arranged with the rubber protective sleeve and tighten up ring, tighten up ring the rubber protective sleeve is anchored in the annular groove of nut outside.
6, monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the slide outside of a side nut projecting surface is socketed with an overcoat therein, this overcoat directly is fixed together with the survey seat, between the axial end of overcoat and the axial end of nut an end play is arranged, this end play is used to control the cracking width that the cracking point is allowed, this gap length is adjustable, is used to control cracking width or the separation displacement size that the monitoring point allows.
7, monitoring device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: welding or tie point between described two bolts, can have certain toughness, or actual be to link by one section conductive material with certain deformation ability, thereby make micro-displacement or rotation on other direction outside the cracking direction of main monitoring, can not cause the disconnection of pad.
8, monitoring device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the described seat of surveying is to be used to install the also bearing of stationary monitoring parts, or be embedded in concrete-pile (abbreviation peg) on geotechnical slope or the dam, or be fixed on metal and nonmetal survey seat on building, bridge or the tunnel structure.
9, according to the described monitoring device of claim, it is characterized in that: the installation direction that changes the bolt of band slip cap, and make this direction consistent with the direction of separating displacement that will monitor, just can realize opening on this direction, up and down the changing of the relative positions or about the precise monitoring of cracking displacement state such as shear.
10, a kind of monitoring method of utilizing above-mentioned monitoring device to realize the monitoring of cracking dotted state is characterized in that this method comprises the steps: at least
A. determine monitoring point number and position;
B. construct the resistance-type monitoring device and set resistance value in the monitoring component, wherein, the number of monitoring component equals determined monitoring point number among the step a in the monitoring device;
C. in the actual monitoring zone monitoring device is installed, corresponding monitoring point of each monitoring component in the monitoring device;
D. read the total resistance value that measures on the resistance instrument in real time,, continue monitoring, promptly return steps d if total resistance value is changed to zero; Otherwise,, determine the position, monitoring point of cracking according to the corresponding relation of total resistance value and monitoring point; Then, judging whether needs to continue test, if desired, then returns steps d, otherwise withdraws from.
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| CN 200510124030 CN100554999C (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2005-11-28 | A kind of multipoint engineering structural crack state monitoring device and method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510124030 CN100554999C (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2005-11-28 | A kind of multipoint engineering structural crack state monitoring device and method thereof |
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| CN1975463A true CN1975463A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
| CN100554999C CN100554999C (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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| JP2005043220A (en) * | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | Toa Harbor Works Co Ltd | Sensor and method for monitoring crack in concrete structure |
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| CN103835321B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-02 | 洛阳理工学院 | A kind of easy device for horizontal displacement monitoring |
| CN103835321A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-04 | 洛阳理工学院 | Simple device for horizontal displacement monitoring |
| CN105957299A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-09-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Early warning apparatus and method for concrete cracking |
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