CN1964485B - 一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法 - Google Patents

一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法 Download PDF

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CN1964485B
CN1964485B CN 200610126820 CN200610126820A CN1964485B CN 1964485 B CN1964485 B CN 1964485B CN 200610126820 CN200610126820 CN 200610126820 CN 200610126820 A CN200610126820 A CN 200610126820A CN 1964485 B CN1964485 B CN 1964485B
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terminal
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CN1964485A (zh
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沈灿
晏祥彪
戴志军
王标
张建强
王宁
陈睿
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ZTE Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/107—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode between spatial and temporal predictive coding, e.g. picture refresh
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/114—Adapting the group of pictures [GOP] structure, e.g. number of B-frames between two anchor frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/177—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a group of pictures [GOP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2383—Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/2662—Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383—Accessing a communication channel
    • H04N21/4384—Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency

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Abstract

本发明提出一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法，包含以下步骤：(1)多媒体广播系统侧编码器发送含有多个图像帧的视频流给复用设备；(2)复用设备每隔一段时间在每个频道中发送一组图像帧给终端，该组图像帧的第一个图像帧为关键帧；(3)终端接收到所观看频道的一组图像帧后，就播放。本发明提供的方法通过在发送视频数据时，第一帧为关键帧，使终端收到的视频数据第一帧也为关键帧，从而可以减少终端缓冲视频数据的时间，减少终端等待时间，实现了频道快速播放的功能。

Description

一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及移动多媒体广播或手机电视技术领域，特别涉及一种实现移动多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法。 
背景技术
移动多媒体广播是近年来兴起的一种多媒体播放技术。通过手持的终端，在高速移动的情况下，可以观看电视。终端通过无线协议，接收到节目单，并可以选择自己有权利收看的频道，从而可以接收所选频道的多媒体数据，实现在移动终端上看电视。 
系统发射的空中数据，被分成不同的频道，通过复用技术分别传输，终端可以接收相关的数据，通过终端上的播放器，实现电视的正常播放。 
对于同一个频道，需要发送视频数据、音频数据，视频数据被分割成多个视频单元，音频数据被分割成音频单元。 
终端打开频道，或切换频道时，要求能快速播放视频，以减少用户的等待时间，从而实现频道的快速播放。而视频数据的传送方式，是决定播放时间、频道切换时间的主要因素。 
现有的视频传送的方法有2种： 
第一，对于TS(传输流)方式，它把一个基本的视频、音频单元放在多个固定188字节大小的包里传送。 
第二，ISMA(互联网流媒体联盟)方式，ISMA规范是基于RTP(实时传输协议)传送媒体数据，RTP包的大小是可变的，每个视频、音频单元可以放在不同的RTP包传送，这种方式适合在IP网络上使用。 
在广播网络中，上述传送方式在终端刚打开频道接收视频数据时，由于视频播放必须从关键帧开始播放，如果收到的不是关键帧，无法播放，就只能丢弃，而关键帧通常是随机出现的，如果1秒钟出现1次，由于随机出现，就需要缓冲1秒钟，因此终端需要一段缓冲时间，等待接收到关键帧时，视频才能开始播放。 
终端在启动或切换频道时，导致速度慢的原因有2个： 
第一，终端只有在接收到关键帧后，才能播放视频，如果接收到的不是关键帧，就只能抛弃，等待后边的数据。 
第二，视频播放时，要求保证视频播放的连续性，要求能及时收到后续的视频数据，否则，就只能把收到的数据暂时存放在缓冲区里，等缓冲区的数据足够能保证正常播放，才能开始播放。 
广播系统中，电波是电路模式传送的，延迟、抖动几乎很小，可以认为是能及时传送到终端的，缓冲时间可以很小。因此造成播放速度慢的主要问题是如何排列关键帧。 
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种在移动广播系统中实现视频快速播放，让终端在接收到视频、音频数据后，能快速启动播放，减少终端等待时间的频道快速播放方法。 
本发明提出一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法，包含以下步骤： 
(1)多媒体广播系统侧编码器发送含有多个图像帧的视频流给复用设备；(2)复用设备每隔一段时间在每个频道中发送一组图像帧给终端，其中，发送时通过转码器将关键帧排列在该组图像帧的最前面，作为该组图像帧的第一个图像帧，每组图像帧被分割成若干个独立的视频单元，每个图像帧分割成1个视频单元或多个视频单元，视频单元之间用同步码做隔离。 
其中，所述固定时间间隔是1秒或0.5秒。 
其中，所述方法进一步包括：(3)终端接收到所观看频道的一组图像帧后，就播放。 
其中，终端接收到所观看频道的一组视频数据的第一个帧，即关键帧后，开始播放。 
其中，如有双向预测帧，终端缓冲区需要缓存图像帧后，才能播放。 
本发明提供的方法通过在发送视频数据时，第一帧为关键帧，使终端收到的视频数据第一帧也为关键帧，从而可以减少终端缓冲视频数据的时间，减少终端等待时间，实现了频道快速播放的功能。 
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例移动多媒体广播网络系统示意图； 
图2为本发明实施例多媒体广播系统发送的视频数据分割示意图； 
图3为本发明实施例终端处理视频数据的流程图。 
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例进一步详细说明本发明。 
图1是本发明实施例移动多媒体广播网络系统示意图，包括编码器、转码器、复用器、业务管理模块、广播发射机和终端几个部分，其中编码器、转码器完成了信号源产生的功能，这2个设备可以合并成1个设备，也可以是2个独立的设备。 
其中编码器的码流每隔一段时间产生一个关键帧，时间间隔通常是1秒钟，也可以是0.5秒钟，本发明实施例中为1秒钟。转码器发送一个帧结构时，总把关键帧放在最前边传送，终端接收到视频数据后，就能快速播放，减少缓冲区的大小。 
移动多媒体广播系统复用设备每隔一段时间对每个频道发送一组视频数据，该组数据由多个视频帧组成，每组视频数据被分割成N个独立的视频单元，每个视频单元之间用同步码做隔离，每个视频帧可以分割成1个视频单元或多个视频单元。每次发送的视频数据的第一帧是关键帧，后续的视频数据可以都是其他图像帧。 
图2是本发明实施例多媒体广播系统发送的视频数据分割示意图。其中多媒体广播系统对每个频道每隔1秒发送一组视频数据，该组数据被分割成N个视频单元，且1个视频帧为1个视频单元，视频单元之间用同步码隔离，其中第一帧为关键帧。 
图3是终端处理视频数据的示意图，终端接收视频数据时，一次接收1个帧结构，本实施例中即指接收1秒钟的全部视频数据，其处理流程如下： 
步骤301：终端接收到所观看频道上的多媒体广播系统发送的N个视频单元的数据； 
步骤302：终端把N个视频单元组成多个视频帧； 
步骤303：由于第1个视频帧是关键帧，且不会出现B帧(双向预测帧)，则终端缓冲区不需要缓冲视频数据，就可以开始播放，如果有B帧，终端缓冲区也只要存放小于200毫秒的视频数据，带来大约200毫秒的延迟。 
如果终端接收到的第一个帧不是关键帧，则前边的数据需要抛弃，而且需要把数据放入缓冲区，等1秒后，才能开始播放，就至少要延迟播放时间1秒钟。使用本发明的方法，可以至少提高1秒钟的频道切换时间。 
在本发明一实例中，1个多媒体广播频道有256Kbit/s的传输速率，其中视频速率为230Kbit/s。这个频道的帧频为25，1秒钟发送1次25帧视频数据，切割成25个视频单元，第一帧总是关键帧。 
这样一个电视频道，可以满足1个QVGA分辨率、25帧的H264或AVS的视频数据的传输，可以给用户提供相当满意的高质量的音视频流的移动广播电视节目。 
采用本发明的方法，由媒体层协议带来的延迟大约只有100ms，如果不采用本发明提出的方法，会带来大于1秒钟的播放等待时间，因此本发明可以节省1秒钟的时间。 

Claims (5)

1.一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法，包含以下步骤：
(1)多媒体广播系统侧编码器发送含有多个图像帧的视频流给复用设备；
(2)复用设备每隔一段时间在每个频道中发送一组图像帧给终端，其中，发送时通过转码器将关键帧排列在该组图像帧的最前面，作为该组图像帧的第一个图像帧，每组图像帧被分割成若干个独立的视频单元，每个图像帧分割成1个视频单元或多个视频单元，视频单元之间用同步码做隔离。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述一段时间是1秒或0.5秒。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：进一步包括：(3)终端接收到所观看频道的一组图像帧后，就播放。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：终端接收到所观看频道的一组视频数据的第一个帧后，就开始播放。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：在播放过程中，如有双向预测帧，终端缓冲区需要缓存图像帧后，才能播放。
CN 200610126820 2006-09-05 2006-09-05 一种多媒体广播频道快速播放的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1964485B (zh)

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