CN1960119B - 光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统 - Google Patents
光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1960119B CN1960119B CN2006101147085A CN200610114708A CN1960119B CN 1960119 B CN1960119 B CN 1960119B CN 2006101147085 A CN2006101147085 A CN 2006101147085A CN 200610114708 A CN200610114708 A CN 200610114708A CN 1960119 B CN1960119 B CN 1960119B
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- 230000002567 autonomic Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Ion Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductors Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect
Abstract
一种光伏—温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统，光伏电池和锂离子电池通过充电保护电路连接，温差电池和超级电容器通过DC/DC升压电路连接，光伏电池、锂离子电池、超级电容器的输出端与能源管理电路对应的输入端相接，无线传感器网络节点与能源管理电路的输出端相接。光伏电池与温差电池从环境中摄取光能和热能转化为电能，为无线传感器网络节点供电，同时为双储能子系统充电。当双能量转换子系统不足以为无线传感器网络节点供电时，由双储能子系统为无线传感器网络节点供电。本发明可延长无线传感器网络节点的使用寿命，解决无线传感器网络的能源瓶颈问题。
Description
光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成的自治微系统，尤其涉及一种 基于光伏效应和热电效应的混合微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成的自治微系统。背景技术
[0002] 无线传感器网络通常包括无线传感器网络节点、汇聚节点和管理节点。大量无线 传感器网络节点部署在被监测区域内，通过自组织方式构成网络。无线传感器网络节点检 测的数据沿着其它节点逐跳传输，经过多跳后路由到汇聚节点，最后通过互联网或卫星到 达管理节点。用户可以通过管理节点对传感器网络进行配置和管理，收集数据以及发布任 务。
[0003] 传感器网络的应用前景非常广阔，能够广泛应用于环境监测和预报、建筑物状态 监控、复杂机械监控、城市交通、空间探索、大型车间和仓库管理，以及机场、大型工业园区、 大面积农田的安全监测等领域。
[0004] 无线传感器网络节点体积微小，只能携带能量十分有限的电池。由于无线传感器 网络节点个数多、分布区域广、部署环境复杂，有些区域甚至人员不能到达，所以无线传感 器网络节点通过更换电池的方式来补充能源是不现实的。如何解决传感器网络的能源瓶 颈，最大化网络生命周期是传感器网络面临的首要挑战。
[0005] 如果将环境中的能量转化为电能为节点供电，将延长节点的使用寿命，解决上述 能源问题。
[0006] 光伏电池是把光能转化成电能的装置，其发电的原理是光生伏打效应。当太阳光 (或其他光）照射到光伏电池上时，电池吸收光能产生光生电子-空穴对。在电池内建电场 的作用下，光生电子和空穴被分离，电池两端出现异号电荷的积累，即产生“光生电压”，这 就是“光生伏打效应”。在电池内建电场两侧引出电极并接上负载，即可获得功率输出。
[0007] 温差发电是由赛贝克效应把热能转换为电能的装置，它的工作原理是：由N型和P 型半导体串联构成的回路中若两个接头处存在温度梯度，高温端的空穴和电子浓度较低温 端高，在载流子浓度梯度的驱动下，空穴和电子向低温端扩散，从而在高、低温端形成电势 差，当回路接通时会有电流输出。将多对P型和N型热电半导体材料连接起来组成模块就 可获得不同数值的输出电压和功率。
[0008] 将光伏发电技术和温差发电技术结合，将太阳辐射能、光伏电池背温与环境的温 差转化为电能，为无线传感器网络节点供电，将有效解决无线传感器网络的能源瓶颈，促进 传感器网络的推广和应用。
[0009] 2003年，美国麻省理工学院在文献:Low power signal processing architectures fornetwork microsensors, Dong, M.J, et al, Low Power Electronics and Design, 1997. Proceedings,1997 International Symposium on 18_20Aug 1997, 173-177中研究由单能量转换器件（太阳电池）和单储能器件（电容器）构成的能源系统 为Cricket节点提供能量。加州大学洛杉矶分校在文献：《Design considerations forsolar energy harvesting wirelessembedded systems》，V. Raghunathan, A.Kansal, J. Hsu, et al. Information Processing inSensor Networks of Fourth International Symposium. 2005,457-462中报导了将单能量转换器件（太阳电池）和单储能器件（镍氢电 池）构成的能源系统应用于无线传感器网络节点的相关结果。但是，光伏电池和温差电池 结合作为双能量转换子系统，锂离子电池和超级电容器结合作为双储能子系统，将双能量 转化子系统和双储能子系统结合的混合微能源为无线传感器网络节点供电的文献和专利 还未见报道。发明内容
[0010] 本发明的目的是克服现有技术中电池供电的无线传感器网络节点使用寿命短的 缺点，提供一种将光伏一温差混合微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成的自治微系统。
[0011] 自治微系统是由光伏电池和温差电池组成的双能量转换子系统、锂离子电池和超 级电容器组成的双储能子系统、能源管理子系统以及无线传感器网络节点构成。
[0012] 光伏电池将太阳辐射能直接转化为电能，为无线传感器网络节点供电，同时多余 电能存储于锂离子电池中。温差电池贴在光伏电池背面，利用光伏电池背温与环境的温差 来发电，产生的电能存储到超级电容器中。
[0013] 能源管理子系统主要包含能源切换电路。能源切换电路包含3个输入端和1个输 出端，光伏电池、锂离子电池、超级电容器三种能源分别与能源切换电路的指定的输入端相 接，能源切换电路根据三种能源的能量状态与无线传感器网络节点的功率需求，选择一种 能源为无线传感器网络节点供电，无线传感器网络节点与能源管理电路中的稳压电路的输 出端相接。
[0014] 温差电池充分利用了因光照引起的光伏电池温升，将热能转化为电能；同时及时 将产生的热量传递给温差电池，解决了光伏电池散热问题，避免由于温度高而引起光伏电 池输出功率的降低。
[0015] 由于超级电容器可以大功率放电，因此，当无线传感器网络节点有瞬间大功率用 电需求时可以选择超级电容器作为能源。锂离子电池具有较高的能量密度，可以增加储能 系统的容量，这样，可以延长无线传感器网络节点无光照条件下连续工作的时间。超级电容 器和锂离子电池能够优势互补，构成长寿命、高容量、高输出功率的双储能系统。
[0016] 综上所述，光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统，具有以下 优点：
[0017] 1、光伏电池与温差电池能够从环境中摄取能量为节点供电，从而延长无线传感器 网络节点的使用寿命。
[0018] 2、温差电池充分利用光伏电池热量将热能转化为电能，并且将光伏电池的热量吸 收。因此，温差电池既作为能量转化换器件增加了能量来源，又能解决了光伏电池的散热问题，一举两得。
[0019] 3、超级电容器和锂离子电池结合的双储能系统综合了单个储能元件的优势，既能 为无线传感器网络节点提供大功率输出，又具有高存储量，具有灵活性、实用性。
[0020] 4、能源切换电路设计合理，能够根据能源的能量状态以及无线传感器网络节点的 功率需求自动切换到合适的能源为负载供电，减少操作的复杂性。附图说明
[0021] 图1是本发明组成结构示意框图；
[0022] 图2是双能量转换子系统结构示意图；
[0023] 图3是本发明具体实施方式示意框图；
[0024] 图4是能源管理子系统电路原理图。具体实施方式
[0025] 如图1所示，本发明的自治微系统包含光伏电池和温差电池组成的双能量转换子 系统、锂离子电池和超级电容器组成的双储能子系统、能源管理子系统以及无线传感器网 络节点。
[0026] 以中国科学院计算技术研究所研制的GAINS节点为例，叙述本发明的实施例：
[0027] 无线传感器网络节点的工作电压在2. 7V〜5. 0V，平均工作电流为8mA。单晶硅 光伏电池尺寸为63mmX69mm，在AMI. 5，t = 25°C条件下，开路电压是7. 11V，短路电流是 93. 78mA。温差电池是由4片30mm X 30mm X 3. 92mm串联组成，每片又由126对热电偶串联构 成。在环境温度为33〜35°C时，光伏电池的背面温度与环境温度的差值早上9点到下午3 点变化范围为5〜20°C，因此估算该发电组件在冷、热端温差在5°C、10°C和20°C时能获得 的开路电压分别为0. 97V、1. 95V和3. 91V，最大输出电流为16. 67mA,33. 33mA和66. 67mA。 超级电容器的单体电压为2. 7V，容量为30F。锂离子电池单体电压为3. 6V，容量为1400mAh。
[0028] 如图2所示，双能量转换子系统由光伏电池和温差电池组成。光伏电池的下电极 与温差电池热端绝缘导热板通过导热硅胶紧密粘合在一起，以便将太阳能光伏电池吸收的 热量无损失、快速地传递给半导体温差发电组件。半导体温差发电组件的冷端绝缘导热板 板与铝质散热器通过导热硅胶紧密粘合在一起，铝质散热器的作用是将由热端传导过来的 热量、半导体发电组件自身产生的焦耳热和汤姆逊热导出，使得半导体发电组件冷端温度 与环境温度一致，保证半导体发电组件冷、热端有一定的温度梯度。
[0029] 本发明具体实施方式如图3所示，光伏电池和锂离子电池通过充电保护电路连 接，温差电池和超级电容器通过DC/DC升压电路连接，光伏电池、锂离子电池、超级电容器 的输出端分别与能源管理电路中切换电路指定的输入端相接，无线传感器网络节点与能源 管理电路中的稳压电路输出端连接。将系统置于户外，打开无线传感器网络节点的工作开 关，系统便开始工作。
[0030] 图4为能源管理子系统。如图4所示，光伏电池的输出端分别接锂离子电池充电 保护电路A和状态切换电路C，锂离子电池充电保护电路A的输出端接锂离子电池，锂离子 电池接至状态切换电路C ；温差电池的输出端接DC/DC升压电路B，升压电路B输出端接超 级电容器，超级电容器接至状态切换电路C ；状态切换电路C的输出端接稳压电路D。具体 电路实现如下：[0031 ] 1、锂离子电池充电保护电路A ：由锂离子电池充电芯片MAX1811及其外围电路组 成，芯片内部逻辑电路实现恒流-恒压充电制式。光伏电池的正极输出端与MAX1811的IN 引脚通过MBR0520L 二极管相接，锂离子电池正极与MAX1811的BATT引脚通过MBR0520L相 接，MBR0520L是起到单向导通作用。光伏电池产生的电能通过MAX1811内部逻辑电路的控制向锂离子电池充电。SELV和^引脚间接LED为充电指示灯和分压电阻R2，当光伏电池 输出电压在3. 5〜6. 2V安全充电电压范围时，指示灯亮，起到指示充电状态的作用。SELI 引脚与锂离子电池负极通过IOOmA电流充电模式选择电阻Rl相连。Cl、C2、C3、C4为旁路 滤波电容。
[0032] 2、DC/DC升压电路B ：温差电池输出先经过滤波电容C5、电阻R5和高频扼流线圈 Ll (它们的作用是防止与其他电路间的电磁串扰），与升压芯片MAX1676的BAIT和LX引脚 相连。BAIT和LBI引脚通过电阻R7相连，LBI和CLSEL引脚通过电阻R8相连，R7和R8的 作用是设置电池电压监控阈值。REF引脚串联旁路电容后接地。和LBO引脚通过上 拉电阻R6串联。LX和OUT引脚通过肖特基二极管MBR0520L连接，二极管的作用是降低开 启电压。经过升压后由OUT引脚输出大于2. 8V的直流电，经过分压电阻Rll与超级电容器 相连并为其充电。其中外围电路中的C6和C7分别为旁路电容和滤波电容，其作用是减小 输出微波。
[0033] 3、状态切换电路C ：由A/D转换芯片TLC2M3、单片机AT89C2051、模拟开关MAX393 组成。A/D转换芯片TLC2543的AINO、AINl、AIN2端口分别检测光伏电池、锂离子电池及超 级电容器的端电压（Rll的电压）。通过单片机AT89C2051向模拟开关发出指令和模拟开关 MAX393的自动通断控制，完成N01、N02及N04引脚的开关动作，实现三种电源光伏电池、锂 离子蓄电池和超级电容器的交替供电，使得无线传感器网络节点在有无光照条件下均能连 续工作。单片机AT89C2051中RST引脚的外部电路为复位电路，与XTALl和XTAL2相连的 为单片机时钟产生电路。模拟开关MAX393的输出端与稳压电路DMAX8881的IN端口相连。
[0034] 4、稳压电路D ：由稳压芯片MAX8880实现稳定输出和电压调整。IN引脚与模拟开 关MAX393的N01、N02及N04的输出引脚相接，OUT引脚接无线传感器网络节点，实现稳定 输出3V电压。与SHDN引脚相连的R3为电池反向保护电阻。
[0035] 本发明的自治微系统可在晴朗天气工作正常，并可在完全黑暗的条件下，实现180 小时连续工作。
Claims (4)
1. 一种光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统，其特征在于包含光 伏电池和温差电池构成的双能量转换子系统、锂离子电池和超级电容器构成的双储能子系 统、能源管理子系统以及无线传感器网络节点；能源管理子系统主要包含能源切换电路，能 源切换电路包括锂离子电池充电保护电路A、DC/DC升压电路B、状态切换电路C和稳压电 路D ；光伏电池的输出端分别接锂离子电池充电保护电路A和状态切换电路C，锂离子电池 充电保护电路A的输出端接锂离子电池，锂离子电池接至状态切换电路C ；温差电池的输出 端接DC/DC升压电路B，DC/DC升压电路B输出端接超级电容器，超级电容器接至状态切换 电路C ；状态切换电路C的输出端接稳压电路D ；稳压电路D输出端与无线传感器网络节点 连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统， 其特征在于双能量转换子系统包含光伏电池和温差电池；光伏电池的下电极与温差电池热 端绝缘导热板通过导热硅胶紧密粘合，半导体温差发电组件的冷端绝缘导热板与铝质散热 器通过导热硅胶紧密粘合，温差电池贴在光伏电池背面，利用光伏电池背温与环境的温差 发电。
3.按照权利要求1所述的光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统， 其特征在于双储能子系统包含锂离子电池和超级电容器，光伏电池为无线传感器网络节点 供电，并将多余电能存储到锂离子电池中，温差电池产生的电能存储在超级电容器中。
4.按照权利要求1所述的光伏-温差微能源与无线传感器网络节点集成自治微系统， 其特征在于：锂离子电池充电保护电路A由锂离子电池充电芯片MAX1811及其外围电路组成，芯片 内部逻辑电路实现恒流-恒压充电制式；光伏电池的正极输出端与充电芯片MAX1811的IN 引脚通过二极管MBR0520L相接，锂离子电池正极与充电芯片MAX1811的BATT引脚通过二 极管MBR0520L相接，二极管MBR0520L起到单向导通作用；光伏电池产生的电能通过充电芯 片MAX1811内部逻辑电路的控制向锂离子电池充电；充电芯片MAX1811的SELV和^引脚 连接LED充电指示灯和分压电阻R2，充电芯片MAX1811的SELI引脚与锂离子电池负极通过 IOOmA电流充电模式选择电阻Rl相连；DC/DC升压电路B中，温差电池输出先经过滤波电容C5、电阻R5和高频扼流线圈Li， 与升压芯片MAX1676的BATT引脚和LX引脚相连，升压芯片MAX1676的BATT引脚和LBI引 脚通过电阻R7相连，升压芯片MAX1676的LBI和CLSEL引脚通过电阻R8相连，升压芯片 MAX1676的REF引脚串联旁路电容后接地，升压芯片MAX1676的和Z^引脚通过上拉 电阻R6串联，升压芯片ΜΑΧ1676的LX和OUT引脚通过二极管MBR0520L连接；状态切换电路C由A/D转换芯片TLC2M3、单片机AT89C2051、模拟开关MAX393组成； A/D转换芯片TLC2543的AINO、AINl、AIN2端口分别检测光伏电池、锂离子电池及超级电容 器的端电压；单片机AT89C2051中RST引脚的外部电路为复位电路，与XTALl和XTAL2相连 的为单片机时钟产生电路；模拟开关MAX393的输出端与组成稳压电路D的芯片MAX8881的 IN引脚相连;稳压电路D由芯片MAX8881实现稳定输出和电压调整；芯片MAX8881的IN引脚与模拟 开关MAX393的N01、N02及N04的输出引脚相接，芯片MAX8881的OUT引脚接无线传感器网 络节点。
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| CN101552486B (zh) * | 2009-05-07 | 2011-01-05 | 北京理工大学 | 一种基于模型分析的光电微能源系统设计方法 |
| CN101808423A (zh) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-08-18 | 上海交通大学 | 无线传感器网络节点光伏能源自治系统及其自治方法 |
| CN102378328A (zh) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-03-14 | 上海市计算技术研究所 | 无线网络设备能量管理系统及管理方法 |
| CN102025176A (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-04-20 | 沈阳化工大学 | 一种用于镍氢充电电池或锂电池的太阳能充电电器 |
| DE102011006638A1 (de) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Melden eines Ereignisses und Überwachungssystem |
| CN102496615B (zh) * | 2011-12-23 | 2015-02-04 | 武汉烽火富华电气有限责任公司 | 基于光伏电池和温差电池的组合电池装置 |
| CN103017913A (zh) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-04-03 | 珠海一多监测科技有限公司 | 以自采能供电为主的双电源传感器装置 |
| WO2014134451A2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-04 | New Energy Technologies, Inc. | Building intergrated photovoltaic devices as smart sensors for intelligent building energy management systems |
| CN103910326B (zh) * | 2014-03-17 | 2016-04-13 | 东南大学 | 自供电射频收发组件中硅基热电和光电传感器 |
| US9673635B2 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-06-06 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Self sustaining energy harvesting system |
| CN105136197A (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州玄禾物联网科技有限公司 | 一种社区环境温度实时监测系统 |
| CN106441459B (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-11-23 | 泰州市龙泽环境科技有限公司 | 一种节能环保电力设备检测仪 |
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