CN1954920A - Centrifugal separator - Google Patents

Abstract

A centrifugal separator for separating the carried solid particles from gas has a cylindrical separating chamber into which the gas is sprayed via top and lateral nozzles, a flow guiding body at lower part of said separating chamber for stabilizing flow field, and a baffle plate of ash cabin on the cylindrical part of said flow guiding body.

Description

Centrifugal separating device

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of device of from gas, isolating the solid particle of being carried secretly.

Background technology

Need from the gas of entrained solids particle, to isolate solid grain husk grain in some systems, recycled or prevent that equipment is subjected to the erosion of solid particle.Under many circumstances; isolating solid grain husk grain also is very important to the protection environment; the solid catalyst particle that contains 0.5～3 gram/mark rice 3 as catalytic cracking unit in petroleum refining industry from the flue gas of regenerator discharge; these solid grain husk grains enter expansion turbine with flue gas; blade can be scrapped by very fast erosion, the life-span-as be no more than one month.Flue gas must be removed stack solids catalyst grain husk grain before entering expansion turbine or other apparatus for energy recovery as far as possible, and particularly diameter all will be removed greater than 10 microns particle major part.An isolated catalyst part can be recycled, and can reduce the Dust Capacity that is discharged into atmosphere simultaneously.For entrained solid grain husk grain in the divided gas flow, several piece-rate systems and device have been developed, as cyclonic separation case multitube separator and cyclone separator.Cyclone separator generally has the letter shape separation chamber, a garden and the awl end, a tangential gas inlet tube is arranged on top, separation chamber, gas feed speed generally is no more than 30 meter per seconds, when surpassing 30/ second, exist separated solid particle to be carried secretly problems such as escape by central negative nip air-flow again, efficient reduces on the contrary.The critical particle diameter that cyclone separator is separated by the restriction of inlet gas speed is generally 70～80 microns.Multitube separator (seeing BP No. 2941621) is the separation single tube of installing in a housing more than tens, utilizes the method for dwindling each single tube separation chamber diameter to put forward merchant's separative efficiency.Because single tube quantity is a lot, cause equipment huge, complex structure is made difficulty, easily produces the gas flow maldistribution between each single tube, and dust problem such as play a reversed role makes branch reduce with efficient.For overcoming the shortcoming of multitube separator, developed a kind of cyclone separator and (seen " petroleum refining " 1979, the 1st phase), this separator is equipped with once gas import in letter shape separation chamber, garden lower central, a plurality of secondary gas import nozzles are housed on top, separation chamber and barrel, its separating mechanism is based on by secondary gas provides main energy to drive once the strong eddy flow of gas generation, makes the solid particle in the gas be subjected to centrifugal action to separating ventricular wall motion, is brought into Hui Cang by the outer air-flow that flows downward.The shortcoming of this separator is a secondary gas inlet velocity height, and pressure drop is big, and once the gas inlet velocity is low, pressure drop is little, and when first and second gas was same source, once gas was wanted the throttling step-down, and need secondary gas that rotating energy is provided after entering the separation chamber, thereby cause the loss of energy.A moral stream unit causes lost-time acident also very easily by solid particle erosion; To be once gas introduced by the once gas import that is positioned at the center, separation chamber another shortcoming, and movement of particles is longer than secondary gas to the distance of separating locular wall, and the disengaging time that experiences is breathed hard than secondary, thus once in the gas separative efficiency of particle be lower than particle in the secondary gas; Another shortcoming is once gas and two imports of secondary gas, makes troubles for manufacturing, layout and the adapter etc. of separator; In addition, under high-temperature condition, also to solve the thermal compensation problem of two arms.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome some shortcomings that above-mentioned separator exists.Separator of the present invention comprises a cylindrical shape separation chamber, and plural air inlet side nozzle is arranged on the barrel of top, separation chamber, and the side nozzle can be lined up two row or multi-row on separation chamber's axis and circumferencial direction, also can be arranged by spiral; Annular clean gas outlet ring washer is equipped with in simplified upper end in the separation chamber, and the outlet ring washer links to each other with outlet; Outlet ring washer annulus between outlet and separation locular wall has the top nozzle, and the quantity of top nozzle is general identical with the row number of side nozzle on separation chamber's circumferencial direction, and the position is corresponding, and its quantity also can be more than side nozzle row's number in a circumferential direction; In the bottom, separation chamber one baffle is arranged, baffle is coaxial with the separation chamber, and baffle is made up of garden wimble fraction and column part.Baffle top is conical, and most advanced and sophisticated facing to the outlet ring washer, the baffle bottom is cylindrical.Column part can be a cylinder, also can be made up of the different cylinder of several diameters.Cylinder diameter is near decrescence little towards outlet ring washer direction; Column part at baffle has a grey storehouse plate washer.Between ash storehouse plate washer and the separation chamber's cylinder inboard wall annular gap is arranged, baffle and grey storehouse plate washer by be positioned at support bar under the plate washer of grey storehouse be fixed on the separation chamber simplified on, between support bar and grey storehouse plate washer certain distance is arranged; There is a broach hopper simplified lower end in the separation chamber; Between broach hopper and grey storehouse plate washer, constitute grey storehouse; The broach hopper bottom connects solid particle outlet or dipleg.

Advantage of the present invention is that all gas of entrained solids particle enters the separation chamber successively simultaneously through a plurality of side nozzles and top nozzle, a moral stream energy loss having avoided cyclone separator to be introduced by separation chamber's lower central pipe; When the gas flow of handling when separator is identical, side nozzle and top nozzle air inflow increase by 410～50% than cyclone separator approximately, the also corresponding increase of nozzle quantity, its inlet velocity reaches 100 meter per seconds or higher, once gas speed is high 4～5 times than cyclone separator, therefore produces stronger rotational flow field and the tangential-velocity component of Geng Gao; Because the gas of entrained solids particle is all introduced by nozzle, the forced vortex district third that separated solid particle does not enter internal layer substantially assembles separation by outer field free vortex district to the barrel motion, has shortened separating distance; The particle that the baffle of bottom, separation chamber plays steady flow condition with grey storehouse plate washer, avoid separating is carried secretly the effect of escape again by ascending air, above-mentioned improvement has improved the separative efficiency of this device, has eliminated cyclone separator throttle part erosion problem simultaneously.Improved the security reliability of operation.Another advantage of the present invention is that simple in structure, easily manufactured, metal material saves 65～75% approximately than multitube separator, saves 10% approximately than cyclone separator.And reduce manufacturing expense accordingly.

Fig. 1 is the separator structure principle chart.1 is air inlet pipe among the figure, and 2 is collection chamber, and 3 is the side nozzle.4 is the top nozzle, and 5 is the separation chamber, and 6 is the free vortex district, and 7 is solid particle, and 8 is simplified, 9 is grey storehouse plate washer, and 10 is grey storehouse, and 11 is baffle, and 12 is the forced vortex district, 13 are the outlet ring washer, and 14 is outlet, and 15 is the solid particle discharge pipe, and 16 is baffle and grey storehouse plate washer support bar.

Found out that by accompanying drawing the gas of entrained solids particle enters collection chamber (2), uniform distribution by air inlet pipe (1) Chew (3) and top spray is chewed (4) to each side spray, introduce separation chamber (5), outerly in the separation chamber form a downward yurt The free vortex district (6) that turns to. Solid particle in the free vortex district (7) is subjected to centrifugal action near simplified (8) inwall Motion is assembled, and the air-flow that is rotated down is brought into by the annular gap between ash silo plate washer (9) and the cylindrical shell (8) Ash silo (10). The air-flow that is rotated down inwardly arrives ash silo plate washer (9) and the wraparound that makes progress rotates around baffle (12) Rise, form the forced vortex district (12) of internal layer, some residual in forced vortex district solid particles may be advanced One step separated. Substantially the Purge gas that does not contain solid particle, from top through outlet ring washer (13) and discharge pipe (14) Discharge. Solid particle in the ash silo (10) is discharged through the discharge pipe (15) of lower end.

The specific embodiment

By the third level separator of separator of the present invention as catalytic cracking power recovery regenerator stack gas cleaning.1000 millimeters of the diameters of separator, 600 ℃-650 ℃ of effluent gas temperatures, pressure 2.3～2.5 kilograms per centimeter 2 (cutting off), flow is 12000～18000 meters ³/ hour, separative efficiency is 86～96%.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of separator of from gas spare, isolating the entrained solid particle, comprise cylindrical shape separation chamber (5), purified gas outlet ring washer (13), purified gas outlet pipe (14), ash storehouse (10), solid particle discharge pipe (15), the invention is characterized in a plurality of tops nozzles (4) and side nozzle (3) with gas of introducing whole entrained solids grain husk grains simultaneously, the baffle (11) of a steady flow condition is arranged at the bottom, separation chamber, at the baffle column part grey storehouse plate washer (9) is arranged, baffle and the grey storehouse baffle plate support bar (16) of separation chamber's radial arrangement below the plate washer of grey storehouse turns over and fixes on separation chamber's cylindrical shell, between support bar and the grey storehouse plate washer certain distance is arranged.

2,, it is characterized in that the quantity of top nozzle and side nozzle will satisfy the requirement of whole air inflows according to the described separator of claim I.

3, root is weighed the appropriate 1 described separator of asking of right in the hand, its feature can or severally not constitute to cylinder and a bullet of diameter with a cylinder and bullet giving described baffle, and cylinder diameter is washed then towards purified gas outlet ring washer direction and reduced and advance to connect with the bullet of a tip facing to the outlet ring washer.

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