CN1951876A - Organic waste pretreatment device of permanent base at space - Google Patents
Organic waste pretreatment device of permanent base at space Download PDFInfo
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- CN1951876A CN1951876A CNA2006101405636A CN200610140563A CN1951876A CN 1951876 A CN1951876 A CN 1951876A CN A2006101405636 A CNA2006101405636 A CN A2006101405636A CN 200610140563 A CN200610140563 A CN 200610140563A CN 1951876 A CN1951876 A CN 1951876A
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- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035924 thermogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于空间永久基地有机废物发酵预处理的装置。该发酵装置主要由箱体、承料托盘、水槽、加热装置、温控仪、液位控制仪、补给水箱、通气孔以及门壁冷凝水回流装置组成。装置利用水槽水加热产生的热蒸汽将置于多孔承料托盘上的物料温度升温至60℃保持24h进行好氧发酵，之后温度降至45℃保持48h好氧发酵。该装置对空间永久基地生保系统中产生的少量有机废物发酵具有明显优势，通过多种好氧微生物的作用，发酵后的物料性质改善，为下一步蘑菇降解处理奠定基础。
The invention discloses a device for fermenting and pretreating organic waste in a space permanent base. The fermentation device is mainly composed of a box body, a material receiving tray, a water tank, a heating device, a temperature controller, a liquid level controller, a supply water tank, a ventilation hole and a condensed water return device on the door wall. The device uses the hot steam generated by heating the water in the tank to raise the temperature of the material placed on the porous material receiving tray to 60°C for 24 hours for aerobic fermentation, and then lower the temperature to 45°C for 48 hours for aerobic fermentation. The device has obvious advantages in fermenting a small amount of organic waste produced in the life support system of the permanent space base. Through the action of a variety of aerobic microorganisms, the properties of the fermented material are improved, laying the foundation for the next step of mushroom degradation treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pretreated fermentation reaction device of a kind of organic materials, be mainly used in the pre-treatment of the not edible biomass of plant (being mainly rice straw, wheat straw etc.) in permanent base at space (as the moon, the Mars base) controlled ecological life support system (CELSS), especially the fermentation for a small amount of material has clear superiority.
Background technology
CELSS is known as the basic guarantee technology of setting up permanent base at space by each spacefaring nation.Higher plant advances passerby as photosynthesis and can carry out water and atmospheric regeneration among the CELSS, plays irreplaceable effect.And the relevant therewith plant as solid waste can not appetite just become to improve one of subject matter of system's closed in intrasystem processing.
For plant among the CELSS can not appetite processing, main chemical treatment, burning disposal and the microbiological treatment of utilizing the class soil matrix technology of mushroom biological treatment than other, can will can not the appetite cyclically utilizing be intrasystem plant cultivation media recycle, can also increase a kind of food-mushroom for the spacefarer simultaneously.
The processing that material is not carried out in the raw material pre-treatment of relevant mushroom-cultivating material substantially is used for mushroom-cultivating, though simple to operate, it is higher to dye assorted bacterium rate, and bio-transformation efficient is also lower; Though the grog pre-treatment has sterilising effect preferably behind autoclaving, the proterties change that useful mushroom is handled does not take place in material, and it is relatively slow to make mushroom send out bacterium, and the processing cycle is longer; And the fermentation pre-treatment can make the material in the beneficial microorganism decomposition and inversion material under suitable temperature, generate the materials such as " lignin-protein " class material, glycan class and VITAMIN that help mushroom growth most, thereby increase the effective constituent of mushroom compost, thereby it is very fast to send out bacterium, and bio-transformation efficient is also higher.
In the fermentation pre-treatment of general Edible Fungi, mostly material is piled big stockpile, utilize the heat of the own activity generation of microorganism in the material to make the material temperature rise, reach fermentation purposes.Yet because it is limited to be built in the spatial permanent base space, and insulation makes material be difficult to reach the ideal ferment effect with gas-pervious contradiction under the less situation of difficult control, especially material of heap heap fermentation condition.
Technology contents
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of simple in structure, processing efficiency is high, be easy to control, be used for the pretreated aerobic fermentation device of a small amount of refuse that permanent base at space produces.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme of taking is: apparatus of the present invention are made up of tank 4, heating unit 5, liquid level controller 9, temperature controller 6, bearing material pallet 2, extra-feed tank 10, ventilating pit 12 and door wall condensate return device 13.Whole device box 1 is stainless material inside and outside (comprising door) and constitutes, and the centre is a thermal insulation layer.Casing 1 top is provided with the adjustable ventilating pit 12 of spiral, casing 1 middle part is provided with detachable bearing material pallet 2 and air flow passage 11, door inwall bottom is provided with condensate return device 13 in addition, casing 1 bottom is provided with tank 4, temp probe 3, temperature controller 6, heating unit 5, liquid level controller 9 and scum board 7, and the outside then is connected with extra-feed tank 10.
Described casing top ventilating pit 12 is adjustable for the opening that has screw-cap, and pore can be in communication with the outside for a long time in the middle of it, and with the adjusting of screw-cap, the change in slit all around can be regulated the size of air flow.
Totally ten layers on described bearing material pallet 2 is evenly arranged in casing 1 inside, can select to use with the inventory that need are handled, and pallet is porous, and pore size had not only guaranteed the support of material but also had been convenient to the exchange of air.
Two projections that described air flow passage 11 is established by casing 1 rear inside wall constitute three passages, avoid supporting plate closely to contact with tank wall, are beneficial to the circulation up and down of air.
Described door inwall condensate return device 13 is leg-of-mutton batten for being loaded on a cross section of inwall bottom, by hypotenuse the water of condensation drainage on the door inwall is got back to add hot water tank 4.
Described liquid level controller 9 is by ball float indication liquid level, and when ball float was lower than the setting liquid level, switch was opened in the angular transformation of ball lever, makes water flow into tank from extra-feed tank; Rise with liquid level, the ball lever angle changes again water gap to be closed finishes a moisturizing.Can guarantee tank 4 liquid levels by liquid level controller and extra-feed tank, prevent the very few and dry combustion method of the water yield.
Described temp probe 3 places more than the water surface, and survey is atmosphere surrounding temperature in the casing, with the optimum temps of temperature controller 6 Collaborative Control materials fermentation.
Described heating unit 5 is a heating tube, and its work is by temperature controller 6 controls.
Described scum board 7 is located in the middle of liquid level controller 9 and the heating unit 5, and the bottom has communicating aperture and makes the supply pool and add the hydrothermal area and be communicated with.
Described extra-feed tank 10 is connected in the water-in at casing rear portion by pipeline, and it highly is higher than the normal level of liquid in the tank 4.
Apparatus of the present invention are heated and temperature of charge can be controlled at optimum value by steam, and can guarantee the supply of sufficient amount of oxygen, have clear superiority for the fermentation problem that solves a small amount of material.Under the acting in conjunction of 60 ℃ and 45 ℃ two quasi-microorganisms, the plant non-edible part can reach best pretreating effect among the CELSS, helps the further processing of fungi mushroom, can improve bio-transformation efficient, shortens the loop cycle of solid waste.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cut-away view of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Apparatus of the present invention are made up of casing 1, bearing material pallet 2, tank 4, heating unit 5, temperature controller 6, ventpipe 8, liquid level controller 9, extra-feed tank 10 and ventilating pit 12 etc.Between the shell of casing 1 and the inwall thermal insulation layer is arranged, play insulation effect.Bearing material supporting plate 2 is beneficial to air flowing for porous shape, and is totally ten layers, detachable.Water in the tank 4 adds thermogenesis steam by heating unit 5 material is fermented, and temperature controller 6 and temp probe 3 associated working are used for controlling leavening temperature.Liquid level controller 9 is used for controlling high water tank, in time by extra-feed tank 10 supplementary feed, comprises ball float, union lever and inlet switch.Scum board 7 is by wall groove support, and the bottom perforate guarantees to add the connection of hot water and supplementary feed, and top stops into water scum silica frost.Ventpipe 8 has ventage, is higher than the tank liquid level.Gas channel 11 is divided into the triple channel that makes supporting plate and tank wall maintenance certain distance by two projections of casing rear wall.Ventilating pit 12 is loaded on the casing top, and the centre has a thin ventilating pit often to open, and is that spiral is adjustable all around, can change air flow by the adjustment of spiral.Door wall condensate return device 13 is the strip of trilobal(cross)section, is loaded on a wall bottom.
When using this device, add water earlier in tank 4, the water that liquid level remains in the extra-feed tank 10 no longer flows into till the tank 4.The material of needs fermentation is tiled in porous bearing material pallet 2, and material should not pressed in fact excessively, so that the circulation of gas.After with the pallet draw-in groove of packing into, close chamber door.The temperature control value and the hold-time of setting temperature controller 6 also starts working, and the fs is 60 ℃ and keeps 24h, and subordinate phase is 45 ℃ and keeps 48h.Because the position of temp probe 3 is more than the tank liquid level, its indicated temperature is the temperature of air in the casing, also promptly directly controls the leavening temperature of material.The ventilating pit 12 on casing top can be regulated size by outside screw-cap, and it provides competent oxygen with the ventpipe 8 and gas channel 11 common guarantee of bottom for fermentation materials in the casing, the assurance aerobic fermentation.Generation with steam in the casing, liquid level descends gradually in the tank, and the ball float position of liquid level controller 9 descends thereupon, after acquiring a certain degree, the union lever that is connected with ball float produces the angle variation inlet switch is opened, and the water of extra-feed tank 10 just can flow into the loss with the supply tank water.With the inflow of supplementary feed, the liquid level rising drives the ball float rising in the tank 4, reach a certain height and just again inlet switch is closed.The connection of extra-feed tank 10 and liquid level controller 9 have guaranteed the timely supply of water in the water tank, can effectively prevent the very few and dry combustion method of the water yield.All finish when two flow processs, just can open chamber door taking-up material and carry out required further processing.Apparatus of the present invention are heated by steam temperature of charge are controlled at optimum value, and can guarantee the supply sufficient amount of oxygen, be beneficial to the effect of 60 ℃ and 45 ℃ two quasi-microorganisms, treatment effect to plant non-edible part among the CELSS is good, help next step processing of fungi mushroom, can improve bio-transformation efficient, shorten the loop cycle of solid waste.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of as the permanent base at space organic waste pretreated device that ferments, comprise bottom tank 4, temperature probe 3, liquid level controller 9 are equipped with in tank 4 tops, heating unit 5 is equipped with in the bottom, the device top is provided with ventilating pit 12, it is characterized in that: material fermentation is carried out 60 ℃ and is kept the 24h aerobic fermentations, after be 45 ℃ and keep the 48h aerobic fermentations that process jointly controls by temp probe 3 and temperature controller 6; Temp probe 3 is contained in more than the water surface, the temperature of gas in the control whole box body, and the ventilating pit 12 that the required oxygen of microbial activities is simultaneously offered by bottom ventpipe 8 and top provides.
2, the permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit that is used as according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fermentation flow process is that 60 ℃ of materials keep 24h to carry out aerobic fermentation down, and temperature is reduced to 45 ℃ of maintenance 48h aerobic fermentations afterwards.
3, according to claim 1 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentations pretreatment unit, it is characterized in that: bearing material pallet 2 is vesicular, but both support material of its aperture makes things convenient for the circulation of air again, can be microorganism competent oxygen is provided.
4, according to claim 1 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit, it is characterized in that: temp probe 3 is loaded on more than the water surface, unites the leavening temperature of controlling material by gas temperature in the direct control casing with temperature controller 6.
5, according to claim 1 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit, it is characterized in that: bottom tank 4 is provided with liquid level controller 9, guarantees the timely supply of the loss water yield.The decline of the interior liquid level of tank can reflect by the landing of liquid level controller 9 ball floats in the operational process, control opening of water-in by mechanical force simultaneously, water just flows into tanks from the extra-feed tank 10 that connects, and ball float rises thereupon, reach certain liquid level after water-in close.
6, according to claim 1 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit, it is characterized in that: scum board 7 is equipped with in tank 4 inside in bottom, the liquid level controller 9 of heating unit 5 and control supply water inlet is separated, can stop that scum silica frost enters the heating zone simultaneously.
7, according to claim 1 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit, it is characterized in that: bottom tank 4 is externally connected to extra-feed tank 10, guarantee the timely supply of tank water in operational process, can effectively prevent the minimizing and the dry combustion method of the water yield.
8, according to claim 1 it is characterized in that: bottom and top are equipped with ventpipe 8 and ventilating pit 12 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit, and the bottom is higher than water surface aft opening by pipeline and is connected with ambient atmosphere; 12 of top ventilating pits are adjustable type, and the centre is little breather hole, regulate the size in slit all around by threaded top cover.
9, according to claim 1 as permanent base at space organic waste fermentation pretreatment unit, it is characterized in that: the door inwall is provided with condensate return device 13, this device invests an inwall bottom, and for the cross section is leg-of-mutton strip, water of condensation can flow back to along the inclined-plane and add hot water tank 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101405636A CN100402473C (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2006-10-17 | Space permanent base organic waste pretreatment device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101405636A CN100402473C (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2006-10-17 | Space permanent base organic waste pretreatment device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1951876A true CN1951876A (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| CN100402473C CN100402473C (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2006101405636A Expired - Fee Related CN100402473C (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2006-10-17 | Space permanent base organic waste pretreatment device |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101172282B (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2010-06-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A device that uses earthworms to recycle organic waste such as straw in space bases |
| CN101791619B (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2012-07-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Organic waste treatment device for spatial permanent base |
| CN103272823A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-09-04 | 广西来源生物科技有限公司 | Air cushion organic solid refuse bag body fermentation system |
| CN103497013A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2014-01-08 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Fermentation treatment apparatus for waste in controlled airtight cabin |
| CN104858206A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 苏州美生环保科技有限公司 | Degradation micro-treatment device |
| CN105060957A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-18 | 广西力源宝科技有限公司 | Method for preparing fertilizer by using organic solid waste |
| CN108794096A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea tree Leaf-litter decomposition device and method |
| CN115197031A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-10-18 | 蔡克礼 | Production method of microbial fertilizer with comprehensive nutrition and rich humus |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1193965C (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2005-03-23 | 湖南大学 | Devices for producing solid organic waste compost |
| CN2594266Y (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2003-12-24 | 葛铁军 | Vertical multi-storey organic biological fertilizer square fermenting tower with multiple wood doors |
| CN2604432Y (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-02-25 | 李柏义 | Energy-savnig environment-protection air fertilizer Co fermenting apparatus |
-
2006
- 2006-10-17 CN CNB2006101405636A patent/CN100402473C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101172282B (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2010-06-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A device that uses earthworms to recycle organic waste such as straw in space bases |
| CN101791619B (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2012-07-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Organic waste treatment device for spatial permanent base |
| CN103272823A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-09-04 | 广西来源生物科技有限公司 | Air cushion organic solid refuse bag body fermentation system |
| CN103497013A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2014-01-08 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Fermentation treatment apparatus for waste in controlled airtight cabin |
| CN103497013B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-01-21 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Fermentation treatment apparatus for waste in controlled airtight cabin |
| CN104858206A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 苏州美生环保科技有限公司 | Degradation micro-treatment device |
| CN105060957A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-18 | 广西力源宝科技有限公司 | Method for preparing fertilizer by using organic solid waste |
| CN108794096A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea tree Leaf-litter decomposition device and method |
| CN115197031A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-10-18 | 蔡克礼 | Production method of microbial fertilizer with comprehensive nutrition and rich humus |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100402473C (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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Granted publication date: 20080716 Termination date: 20101017 |