CN1951411A - 一氧化氮及其生物医学重要作用 - Google Patents
一氧化氮及其生物医学重要作用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1951411A CN1951411A CNA200610148572XA CN200610148572A CN1951411A CN 1951411 A CN1951411 A CN 1951411A CN A200610148572X A CNA200610148572X A CN A200610148572XA CN 200610148572 A CN200610148572 A CN 200610148572A CN 1951411 A CN1951411 A CN 1951411A
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Abstract
本发明涉及从多种植物中提取的一氧化氮(NO)刺激作用提取物。这种提取物含有被称为healthin I和healthin II的化合物。本发明具体提供部分纯化的具有NO刺激活性的植物提取物,分离和部分纯化这种来自植物材料的提取物的方法。另外,本发明还提供用于治疗那些需要改进NO细胞水平的疾病和病症的方法和物质,例如与炎症有关的疾病和病症。
Description
本申请是申请日为2003年8月19日、申请号为038241722(PCT/US2003/025966)、发明名称为“一氧化氮及其生物医学重要作用”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
在先申请的参考文献
本申请要求共同待定的美国临时申请60/405,787的权益,该申请于2002年8月23日申请,将其并入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本发明公开了用于产生一氧化氮的材料及方法。 具体而言,本发明涉及从植物组织及材料分离的低分子量水溶性分子,以及利用这些分子在哺乳动物细胞及组织中诱导产生一氧化氮。
背景技术
一氧化氮(NO)是在哺乳动物免疫、心血管以及神经系统中的一种主要信号分子18,26,37,56,57,109。在一个位点产生的NO能够影响相隔一定距离的组织24,70。NO是通过酶——一氧化氮合酶(NOS)由L-精氨酸产生55,57。NOS以3种形式存在:内皮的(e),神经元的(n)以及诱导型(i)NOS。前两种形式是组成型表达,而且是Ca2+依赖性的。诱导型(i)NOS不依赖于Ca2+。这3种形式的NOS是由7,12以及17染色体上的3个不同基因编码18,26,37,54。一般说来,n-和e-NOS取决于胞内钙的瞬时浓度,并且在nM范围内释放NO,而iNOS则在一个诱导/潜伏期后以μM范围在持续时间内释放NO18,26,28,37,56,57,70,105,109。组成型和诱导型NOS的存在表明它们可能具有不同的功能。
可以根据见到NO水平增加所需的时间长度以及这些升高的水平能够维持的时间长度鉴别c-和i-NOS。来自cNOS的NO可能以两种功能型存在:第一个是始终以低“调”或“基础”的水平存在;这个基础水平可响应某些信号而被短暂地略微增强,如乙酰胆碱(ACH)56。cNOS来源的NO这种暂时增强的释放具有深远的生理作用,在NO已经回到了基础水平之后这种作用还会延续明显较长的一段时间50。例如,短暂暴露于吗啡和eNOS的内皮细胞其形状会从细长变为圆形,该过程会持续数个小时50。
iNOS可由多种信号分子诱导,如促炎症细胞因子(proinflammatorycytokines)。i-NOS的诱导通常在3-4小时的延迟后观察到;iNOS能够产生NO24-48小时73,105。这些数据表明NO始终存在,并且NO的水平可根据生物体的需求被迅速或者缓慢地调控。存在的不同调控过程意味着NO具有不同的功能,并且/或者NO的水平必须渐进性地增加,以发挥其功能。
NO作为血管、免疫和神经系统的信号分子发挥作用,还具有通常的抗菌、抗病毒作用,能够下调促炎症作用(proinflammatory events)38-39,41-42,60,90,105-106。在血管和免疫系统中,免疫应答中的一个关键阶段是白细胞经内皮募集并活化。内皮对白细胞的活化作用是分阶段发生的。初始阶段是将这些白细胞吸引到内皮。然后增强白细胞的附着作用并改变形状,最后迁移越过内皮90。随着这些细胞的变化,调控着细胞基质相互作用的分子的合成作用也按时变化3,46,52,87。
通常未活化的白细胞沿着内皮滚动(roll)。这两种细胞类型之间的相互作用并不牢固,且是可逆的,由被称为选择素的粘附分子家族介导。白细胞的活化作用是响应几种趋化剂的释放而发生的,所述趋化剂包括白细胞三烯(leukotriene)B4和白介素8(IL-8)。在存在这些物质的情况下,免疫细胞停止滚动(roll),成为“活化的”:它们开始变平并以更高的强度粘附到内皮的内层。活化作用是由被叫做整合素的粘附分子家族介导,如ICAM-1和VCAM-1。存在PECAM-1时,粘附的免疫细胞能够贯穿内皮而转移3,46,52,87。这种免疫细胞-内皮的相互作用可被NO下调。NO会抑制血小板和嗜中性粒细胞的聚集作用并能够减低白细胞及内皮细胞的粘附和活化作用水平41,1,50,109。NOS抑制剂能增强血小板的粘附作用并提高白细胞的粘附作用72,82。于神经系统免疫应答的小神经胶质细胞中NO发挥类似的作用83-84。
中枢神经系统(CNS)的独特之处在于它可利用NOS的所有三种同种型(isoforms)产生NO。在正常的CNS中发现了e-和n-NOS组成型同种型;但是在健康CNS中并不表达iNOS20。病理状态,如菌髓(trama),脑缺血和神经元疾病会升高e-和nNOS的水平并诱导iNOS的活性21。通过抑制NF-κB对促炎症细胞因子的活化作用,cNOS来源的NO能够下调促炎症作用。
NO可上调几种参与免疫调节的酶, 包括中性内肽酶(endopeptidese)24.11(CALLA,急性成淋巴细胞白血病抗原,脑啡肽酶(enkephalinase))或CD1076。因此cNOS来源的NO可刺激那些加工蛋白质基因产物的酶,暗示在涉及NO的信号转导过程和天然存在的抗菌肽之间存在联系。NO控制并调节负责释放这些具有前活性(proactive)保护性功能的重要分子的酶101。
还有证据表明NO在神经递质释放中发挥作用102。吗啡和cNOS来源的NO可释放来自大鼠脑碎片的生长激素和ACTH;这些神经肽与压力应答有关。因此,NO涉及血管舒张、抗菌和抗病毒的应答、信号分子释放和免疫细胞粘附到内皮的抑制作用。
似乎低调(tonal)或基础水平的NO也会发挥显著的生理学作用。来自非胰岛素依赖的糖尿病患者的内皮没有表现出低调水平的NO117,在这些个体中血管病导致残疾并最终死亡14。许多研究人员将血管病部分地归因于eNOS来源的NO的变化,有些研究人员推测其可能是由于生成的自由基有所增高59。基础NO水平的降低还可能会增强血小板作用,导致各种神经病变(neuropathies)32,68。
因此,看来tonal或基础水平的NO在限制神经、免疫及脉管组织的激发度方面十分重要。这种tonal NO可通过影响经由NF-κB的粘附介导过程而证明它本身。雌激素也可以通过这种过程发挥有益的血管保护作用,因为它也释放cNOS来源的NO70,99。在哺乳动物内皮细胞上发现的大麻素(cannabinoid)CB1受体类型118,119以及在人血管内皮细胞上发现的μ鸦片受体巩固了这种假设(已经描述了细胞表面阿片样物质受体的三种常见种类(κ,δ和μ)。 对吗啡显示出高结合特异性的受体已被指定为μ阿片样物质受体)。详细分析显示存在多种μ阿片样物质受体亚型。在1999年5月20日公开的PCT专利出版物WO99/24471中详细公开了编码不同μ受体的分离核酸序列和含有μ受体(本文称之为″μ3阿片样物质受体″)的多肽。 还可参见,μ3分子鉴定和功能性的表达,一种新的替代性人μ阿片接受基因剪接变体。
因此,促进NO以正常或略微增强的水平生成可能具有重要的健康意义。公知多种植物具有促进健康的效果,但在分子水平上很少了解如何促进以及为什么会促进。参见Stefano和Miller,动物细胞和它们摄取的植物营养之间的关系:植物-动物从属性以及信号传导(综述),Intl J Mol Medicine 10:413-21(2002),并入本文作为参考。
发明内容
本发明涉及从不同植物中提取的一氧化氮(NO)刺激提取物。这种提取物含有被称为healthinI和healthinII的化合物。本发明具体提供部分纯化的具有NO刺激活性的植物提取物,分离和部分纯化这种植物提取物的方法。另外,本发明还提供用于治疗那些需要改进NO细胞水平的疾病和病症的方法和物质,例如与炎症有关的疾病和病症。
本发明基于以下发现:通过对某些植物品种进行提取和化学分析鉴定得到一类物质,该物质能够在哺乳动物细胞和组织内刺激产生NO。这种NO刺激剂会在培养的哺乳动物血管内皮细胞和/或神经元细胞中刺激产生组成型一氧化氮合酶。
因此,本发明提供分离自植物组织和材料的活性化学物质,其可刺激足神经节(pedal ganglia)和人内皮细胞产生一氧化氮。来自下列任何植物的部分纯化的提取物含有不同数量的该活化物质。
另外,本发明提供用于鉴定具有NO刺激活性的来自其它植物的额外植物性NO刺激物质的方法和材料,以及可用于治疗需要改善NO细胞水平的疾病和病症的方法和材料。
本发明的这些植物性物质还可表征为具有:
(i)刺激足神经节细胞中一氧化氮在15nM到100nM范围内释放的能力;
(ii)刺激内皮细胞中一氧化氮在50nM到100nM范围内释放的能力;
(iii)在10nM氯化钠,0.5 mM EDTA,100mM乙酸钠和50%乙腈,pH 5.0条件下,高效液相色谱层析图谱上具有单一主峰。
本发明的NO刺激植物性物质可以进一步具有以下特征:水溶性的,具有约50到约5000道尔顿,或约50到约2500道尔顿,或约50到约1000道尔顿之间,或约50到约500道尔顿的分子量。
本发明的植物性物质可从以下植物提取:冰草属(Agropyrumspp.),白柳(Salix alba),鸦葱(Allium vineale),皱叶欧芹(Petroselinium crispum),药用蒲公英(Taraxacum officinale),芝麻(Sesamum indicum),苜蓿属(Medicago spp.),卡瓦胡椒(Pipermethysticum),春黄菊属(Anthemis spp.),达迷草(Turnera diffusa),Verbascum densiflorum,罗勒属(Ocimum spp.),竹芋(Marantaarundinaceae),芫荽(Coriandrum Sativum),狭叶青蒿(Artemesiadracunculus),薰衣草(Lavendula augustifolia),唇萼薄荷(Menthapulegium),积雪草(Centella asiatica),银杏(Ginko biloba)和葡萄(Vitus vinifera)。
因此,本发明一方面是由至少一种下述植物的低分子量水溶性提取物构成的药物组合物:鸦葱,白柳,冰草属,皱叶欧芹,药用蒲公英,芝麻,苜蓿属,卡瓦胡椒,春黄菊属,Verbascum densiflorum,罗勒属,竹芋,芫荽,狭叶青蒿,薰衣草,唇萼薄荷,积雪草,银杏和葡萄,该提取物能够刺激哺乳动物细胞产生一氧化氮。这些物质还可表征为具有刺激足神经节细胞中一氧化氮在15nM到100nM范围内释放的能力和/或具有刺激内皮细胞中一氧化氮在50nM到100nM范围内释放的能力。这些提取物的特征还在于除去那些分子量大于5000道尔顿后的组分,即只含有50到5000道尔顿范围内的低分子量水溶性组分。更优选除去大于2500道尔顿的组分而包含约50到约2500道尔顿范围内的水溶性组分。最优选除去大于1000道尔顿的组分而包含约50到约1000道尔顿范围内的水溶性组分。特别优选的提取物具有约50到约500道尔顿范围内的水溶性组分。这些提取物还可具有下述特征:在10nM氯化钠,0.5mM EDTA,100mM乙酸钠和50%乙腈,pH 5.0条件下,高效液相色谱层析图谱上具有单一主峰。
这些提取物可以根据已知的方法和技术,例如在Remington的Pharmaceutical Sciences,A.R.Gennaro,ed.,Mack Publ.Co.Easton,PA,1985所述被干燥并制成药物组合物的形式,包括粉末,药片,poltices,软膏,乳膏剂,膏药,胶囊剂等等,可含有或者不含有药学可接受的赋形剂和/或助剂。
本发明另一方面提供一种用于鉴定和分离来自上面所列的至少一种植物的低分子量提取物的方法,该提取物具有在哺乳动物细胞中NO刺激活性。
本发明另一方面提供一种来自上面所列的至少一种植物的低分子量提取物的使用方法,该提取物显示出在哺乳动物细胞中NO刺激活性。
本发明另一方面是制备来自上述所列至少一种植物的NO刺激提取物的方法,该方法是通过制备水提取物而实现,该水提取物具有约50到约5000道尔顿,或约50到约2500道尔顿,或约50到约1000道尔顿,或约50到约500道尔顿分子量的水溶性组分。
根据以下详细说明、附图和权利要求可以更加明确地了解本发明的其他特点和优点。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中所述的冰草(wheat grass)提取物的HPLC色谱图。
图2是实施例2中所述的白柳树皮提取物的HPLC色谱图。
图3是实施例3中所述的质谱分析数据打印图。
图4是实施例4中所述的质谱分析数据打印图。
图5和图6说明如在实施例5中所述的冰草属植物提取物对足神经节和内皮细胞的刺激结果。
图7和图8说明实施例6所述的白柳提取物对足神经节和内皮细胞的刺激结果。
图9说明实施例7所述的药用蒲公英(Taracum officinale)提取物对足神经节细胞的刺激结果。
图10说明实施例8所述的葡萄(Vitus)提取物对足神经节细胞的刺激结果。
详细说明
本发明提供分离自植物组织和材料的活性化学物质,其可刺激足神经节和人内皮细胞产生一氧化氮。来自下列任一植物的低分子量水溶性提取物含有不同数量的能够刺激产生NO的活性化学物质。另外,本发明提供用于鉴定和分离具有NO刺激活性的来自其它植物的额外NO刺激植物性物质的方法和材料,以及可用于治疗需要改善NO细胞水平的疾病和病症的方法和材料。
本发明的植物性提取物的特征还在于具有:
(iv)刺激足神经节细胞中一氧化氮在15nM到100nM范围内释放的能力;
(v)刺激内皮细胞中一氧化氮在50nM到100nM范围内释放的能力;和/或
(vi)在10nM氯化钠,0.5mM EDTA,100mM乙酸钠和50%乙腈,pH 5.0条件下,高效液相色谱层析图上具有单一主峰。
本发明的NO刺激植物性物质特征还在于:水溶性的,具有约50到约5000道尔顿,或约50到约2500道尔顿,或约50到约1000道尔顿,或约50到约500道尔顿的分子量。
本发明的提取物可从选自下述的植物中分离:鸦葱,白柳,冰草属,皱叶欧芹,药用蒲公英,芝麻,苜蓿属,卡瓦胡椒,春黄菊属,达迷草,Verbascum densiflorum,罗勒属,竹芋,芫荽,狭叶青蒿,薰衣草(Lavendula augustifolia),唇萼薄荷,积雪草,银杏和葡萄。
为获得活性组分而进行的分离和提取的方法包括在酸性溶液中匀浆干燥的植物材料,然后醇抽提并离心用于过滤分离固体物料。干燥上清液,然后溶于含有三氟乙酸的水溶液中,再经历固相抽提。收集洗脱液,用高效液相层析法进一步纯化。 可通过质谱分析进一步鉴定并表征提取的活性组分。
本发明的NO刺激性植物性物质的鉴定方法包括在酸性溶液中匀浆干燥的植物材料,然后醇抽提并离心用于过滤分离固体物料。干燥上清液,然后溶于含有三氟乙酸的水溶液中,再经历固相抽提。收集洗脱液并用高效液相层析法进一步纯化,通过质谱分析鉴定该提取的低分子量NO刺激剂。
这些提取物可用于制备治疗抗微生物感染的药物组合物,例如哺乳动物特别是人中的细菌性感染和病毒性感染,及哮喘和/或其它炎症病症。 如下所述,该提取物显示出抗菌、抗炎症和抗癌的效果。因此,含有这种提取物的药物组合物能够用于治疗需要抗菌、抗炎症或抗癌效果的不同疾病和病症,例如微生物感染。或者,本发明的药物组合物可以用作预防剂。为了将该提取物形成药物组合物,可以根据众所周知的方法和技术,例如在Remington的Pharmaceutical Sciences,A.R.Gennaro,ed.,Mack Publ.Co.Easton,PA,1985所述将其单独或以不同组合干燥,并形成药物组合物,包括粉末,药片,poltices,软膏,乳膏剂,膏药、胶囊剂等等,可含有或者不含有药学可接受的赋形剂和/或助剂。
下面的实施例进一步描述了本发明,但并不是限制权利要求所述的范围。 在实施例中,除非另作说明,该植物提取物均由植物的叶片制成。
具体实施方式
实施例
实施例1.从冰草(Wheat Grass)提取Healthin I。
在1N HCl(0.5g/ml)中匀浆1克干燥的冰草种植物(冰草属)。所获的匀浆液用5ml氯仿/异丙醇9∶1萃取。在室温下放置5min后,以3000rpm离心匀浆液15min。收集上清液并用Centrivap Console(Labconco,Kansas City,MO)干燥。然后将干燥的提取物溶于0.05%三氟乙酸(TFA)水中,然后固相提取。样品上样于已用100%乙腈活化并用0.05%TFA-水清洗的Sep-pak Plus C-18柱上(Waters,Milford,MA)上样。用10%乙腈溶液(水/乙腈/TFA,89.5%:10%:0.05%,v/v/v)进行吗啡洗脱。用Centrivap Console干燥该洗脱样品并溶于水,然后在高效液相层析法分析(HPLC)。
用Waters 626泵(Waters,Milford,MA),在C-18 Unijet微孔柱(BAS,West Lafayette,IN)上进行乙腈梯度反相HPLC分析。使用0.025g干重上述冰草的提取物。流动相是:缓冲液A:10mM氯化钠,0.5mM EDTA,100mM乙酸钠,pH 5.0;缓冲液B:10mM氯化钠,0.5mM EDTA,100mM乙酸钠,50%乙腈,pH5.0。以1/9的分流比,利用流式分离机(BAS)获得该微孔柱需要的低容积流量。以0.5ml/min运转该泵,形成大约50μl/min的微孔柱流速。注射体积是5μl。运行条件是:0min 0%缓冲液B;10min,5%缓冲液B;25min,50%缓冲液B;30min,100%缓冲液B。两种缓冲液均通过Waters 0.22μm过滤器过滤,该系统的温度维持在25℃。从冰草提取的活性物质(Healthinl)具有15.8min的滞留时间(参见图1上的箭头)。在5次提取物中均重复该结果。在运行5次样品的各样品之间运行几个空白,以防止洗脱的活性组分残留在层析中。
用电流检测器LC-4C(BAS)进行活性组分检测。将微孔柱直接连接到检测室以最小化无用容积。该电化学检测系统使用玻璃碳-工作电极(3mm)和0.02 Hz滤波器(500mV;range10nA)。室体积(cell volume)减少了16μm衬片(gasket)。通过Waters Millennium chromatographyManager V3.2软件控制层析系统,用色谱仪软件(Waters)整和色谱图。从峰面积推断浓度。5种样品中的平均浓度为1μg/gm干重。测定之间运行的空白没有显示携带残余。收集5个运行的每一个的洗脱液,干燥并应用在如下所述的NO组织试验中。结果在图1中说明。
纯化的另一方法是通过甲醇提取然后按下述在Spherisorb柱上HPLC纯化。在50%甲醇、50%净化水中匀浆1克冰草属冰草,50%甲醇萃取,真空干燥。样品储藏在-20℃。用双溶剂系统进行HPLC纯化:缓冲液A由下述组成:10mM 1-庚烷磺酸钠盐和10mM磷酸二氢钠水,pH 3;缓冲液B由下述组成:10mM 1-庚烷磺酸,钠盐和10mM磷酸二氢钠,50%甲醇。注射体积是10微升。运行条件是:0-10min,50%缓冲液B;10-20min,缓冲液B从50%增加到100%;25min,100%缓冲液B;35min,50%缓冲液B。试样注射之后0到30分钟内收集级分。真空干燥收集的级分并储藏在-20℃。从冰草提取的活性物质具有16min的滞留时间(参见图1a上的箭头)。
实施例2.从白柳树皮中提取Healthin II。
用0.02克(干重)白柳(Salix alba)的白柳树皮进行同样的过程,从白柳树皮中提取的活性物质(Healthin2)滞留时间为16.50min。5种样品中的平均浓度为0.3μg/gm干重。参见图2。
实施例3.质谱鉴定来自冰草属的活性物质
在Micromass Q-TOF系统(Micromass,UK)中,按下述使1/100微升含有NO释放活性的来自上面实施例1所述最初纯化过程的HPLC级分进行毫微电喷雾(nano electrospray)电离双四极正交加速度飞行时间质谱分析法(Q-TOF-MS)。将1μl含有样品的乙腈(acetonitril)/水/甲酸(50∶49∶1,v/v/v)上样到镀金涂层的毛细管MicromassF型针中。以30nl/min的流速喷洒样品,在MS质谱过程中指定延长的分析时间并获得几个MS/MS质谱。在MS/MS或串联的质谱测定法过程中,通过碰撞-诱导的解离(CID)从选定前体离子形成了碎片。 因为并非所有的离子碎片都具有相同的效率,所以碰撞能量通常在20到35V之间变化,因此母离子破碎为足够数目的不同子代离子。针电压(Needle voltage)设置为950而锥形电压(cone voltage)设置为25。该仪器以阳性模式运转。结果在图3中说明。从冰草样品分离和纯化的活性物质Healthin I,在353.28和119.05道尔顿产生主要信号。
实施例4.质谱鉴定来自白柳的活性物质
用1克白柳的白柳树皮进行实施例3中的相同过程。该结果如图4所示。从白柳树皮样品分离和纯化的活性物质Healthin II,在353.28和192.15,109.09和97.1道尔顿产生主要信号。
实施例5.冰草属提取物在足神经节和内皮细胞中的NO刺激作用
将十种解剖自活体动物的Mytilus edulis足神经节置于带有990μl磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)的1.5ml Eppendorf管中。4℃下在PBS中洗涤培养的人静脉内皮细胞(ATCC#;CRL 1730)。该静脉内皮细胞被分为大约106细胞的各组,置于4℃下的990μl PBS中。如上面所述用HPLC纯化1克冰草属的冰草,收集并干燥相应于Healthin1滞留时间的级分。然后该级分在20μl PBS中重组(reconstituted)。向含有神经节或内皮细胞或仅仅PBS(对照)的管中加入10μl。使用备有200μM传感器的分离的一氧化氮测量计Mark II(World PrecisionInstruments,Sarasota,FL)测定NO产量。如果在仅仅含有PBS的管中检测到反应,则从含有组织样品的管中所检测到的数量值中减去该数量。
该结果如图5和6所示。足神经节管的细胞释放了17nM NO(图5),人内皮细胞释放了91nM NO(图6)。对照管中加入的相同体积产生了<3nM的NO产量。
实施例6.白柳提取物在足神经节和内皮细胞中的NO刺激作用
用1毫克来自实施例2从白柳树皮纯化的物质进行上面实施例5所述的过程。该结果如图7和8所示。足神经节管的细胞释放了19nMNO(图7),人内皮细胞释放了87nM NO(图8)。加入到对照管的相同体积产生了<3nM的NO产量。
实施例7.不同种植物的NO释放分析
使用上述分离和纯化技术,分析各种草本植物在足神经节和公众可获得的SK-N-MC(ATCC#HBT-10)和PC-12(ATCC#CRL1721)细胞中释放cNOS来源一氧化氮的能力。这些结果列于下面表I,II和III。在表I中,加号表示检测到至少1nM一氧化氮。负号表示未检出或检测出小于1nM一氧化氮。在表II中,列出了SK-N-MC细胞系中的结果;标明了所用的植物材料浓度和检测的NO数量。在表III中,列出了使用神经节细胞系进行相同过程的结果。标明了所用的植物材料类型,例如花,叶片,根,根茎,茎,树皮。未标明的则使用了叶片。图9显示一个示范性的结果。
表I.用各种植物提取物处理的神经节,SK-N-MC和PC-12细胞的NO测定数据,空白显示在该细胞系中未测试植物。神经节 SK-N-MC PC-12
鸦葱(大蒜) | - | + | |
白柳(银柳)树皮 | + | + | |
冰草属(冰草) | + | + | |
皱叶欧芹或欧芹(Carum petroselinum)(欧芹(Parsley)) | - | + | |
药用蒲公英(蒲公英) | + | - | |
芝麻(芝麻,Gin sum)叶 | + | ||
苜蓿属(苜蓿) | + | ||
卡瓦胡椒(Kava) | + | ||
春黄菊属(Chamomile) | + + + | + | |
达迷草(Damian) | + | ||
Verbascum densiflorum(毛蕊花) | + | ||
竹芋(竹芋)根 | - | ||
薰衣草(熏衣草)花 | - | ||
罗勒属(罗勒) | - | ||
狭叶青蒿(狭叶青蒿(Tarragon))叶 | - | - | |
Aloe vulgaris或A.barbadensis(芦荟)叶 | - | - | |
Vacciuium membranaceum(Bilberry) | - | - | |
芸苔属(甘蓝) | - | - | |
野胡萝卜(胡萝卜) | - | - | |
玉蜀黍花(玉米穗丝) | - | - | |
紫松果菊属(金光菊) | - | - | |
莴苣属(莴苣) | - | - | |
Tabebuia impetiginosa,T.avellanedai,Tecoma curialis(Pau d’acro) | - | - | |
辣薄荷(辣薄荷) | - | - | |
悬钩子属(悬钩子) | - | - | |
迷迭香(迷迭香) | - | - | |
鼠尾草属(鼠尾草) | - | - | |
Equisetum hyemale(Shave grass) | - | - | |
Ulmus rubra,加州滑榆(滑榆属)树皮 | - | - | |
菜豆属(菜豆) | - | - | |
百里香属(百里香) | - | - |
表II.用各种植物提取物处理的SK-N-MC细胞的NO测定数据
浓度 | 结果(nM) | |
罗勒属(罗勒) | 6mg粗提物 | 31 |
Verbascum dens iflorum(毛蕊花) | 6mg粗提物 | 无效果 |
达迷草(Damian) | 6mg粗提物 | 无效果 |
竹芋(竹芋)根 | 6mg粗提物 | 31 |
芫荽(芫荽) | 6mg粗提物 | 172 |
狭叶青蒿(狭叶青蒿) | 6mg粗提物 | 135 |
薰衣草(熏衣草)花 | 6mg粗提物 | 48 |
唇萼薄荷(Pennyroyal) | 6mg粗提物 | 66 |
Quercetine* | 6mg粗提物 | 14 |
卡瓦胡椒(Kava) | 1.5mg | 108 |
春黄菊属(Chamomile) | 1.5mg | 31 |
积雪草(Gotu kola) | 1.5mg | 在PBS中有活性 |
黄芩(黄芩) | 1.5mg | 阴性 |
银杏(银杏) | 1.5mg | 在PBS中有活性 |
贯叶连翘(St John’s Wort) | 1.5mg | 阴性 |
异株荨麻(Common nettle) | 1.5mg | 阴性 |
*Quercetine(获自Sigma Chemicals)是在多种植物特别在果实中发现的一种植物黄烷类(flavanoid)。
表III.用各种植物提取物处理的神经节细胞的NO测定数据
春黄菊属(Chamomile) | 6mg粗提物 | 67nM |
卡瓦胡椒(Kava)根 | 6mg粗提物 | 13nM |
达迷草(Damian) | 6mg粗提物 | 22nM |
Verbascum densiflorum(毛蕊花) | 6mg粗提物 | 15nM |
罗勒属(罗勒) | 6mg粗提物 | 19nM |
实施例8.葡萄皮提取物和NO释放
将葡萄的十克(湿重)黑色葡萄皮置于带有15ml甲醇或乙醇和水的1∶1混合物的50ml Falcon管中。在室温下过夜振荡该管,将所获提取物分为等分试样,1ml每管,分到十二个1.5ml Eppendorf管中。在speedvac中蒸干该管然后在1ml磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中重组。用10μg该溶液处理无脊椎动物神经组织足神经节(参见上面实施例5),用测量NO的特定电流探针实时测定NO释放量。甲醇中提取的葡萄皮在处理15秒钟之内引起NO的释放(参见图10),而在乙醇提取中的葡萄皮则没有(在相同时限内)。当该提取物(甲醇或者乙醇提取的)仅仅加入到PBS中时未观察到NO释放。
实施例9.提取物对细胞的抗微生物效果
测试在上面实施例1中制备的冰草提取物和白柳树皮提取物的1∶1干燥粉末状混合物制剂在培养物中抑制细菌繁殖的能力。在10ml LB肉汤(Amersham Biosciences,Inc.)中重组制剂。然后将E.coli细菌接种到肉汤并在37℃孵育5和24小时。在LB琼脂平板上划线接种20μl该培养物并在37℃过夜孵育。同对照相比(单独的LB肉汤),在5和24小时细菌培养物中没有观察到生长。
用已知的抗菌剂SNAP进行附加的对照实验。将1μg/ml SNAP加入LB肉汤中。然后将E.coli细菌接种到肉汤并在37℃孵育5和24小时。在LB琼脂平板上划线接种20μl该培养物并在37℃过夜孵育。同对照相比,在5和24小时的SNAP培养物中细菌繁殖有所减少。
该实验表明本发明的冰草/白柳提取物比已知的抗菌剂SNAP表现出更高的抗菌活性。
实施例10.提取物对SK-N-MC细胞的抗癌症效果
用在RPMI培养基中的0.005g/ml大蒜(鸦葱)或者欧芹(Petroselinium crispum)提取物孵育SK-N-MC细胞两天。然后用台盼蓝指示剂(Invitrogen Corp.)染色该细胞并以200X在研究显微镜下观察。健康的细胞不会允许指示剂进入细胞壁,而变蓝的细胞是已死或将死的细胞,因为试剂已经进入细胞质。显微镜观察发现,大蒜和欧芹的两种处理细胞显示几乎100%的细胞是死细胞。用1N的毛蕊花(Verbascum densiflorum),卡瓦胡椒(Piper methysticum),甘菊(春黄菊属)和达迷草(Turnera diffusa)溶液观察到了类似的结果。制备其它植物提取物并以类似方式测试,能够在SK-N-MC细胞中诱导细胞死亡的是Bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus),Enchinaceaepurpurae,大蒜(鸦葱),Goldenseal(Hydrastis candensis),欧芹(Petroselenium crispum或C.petroselenium),Paul d’arco bark(Tabebuia impetiginosa),迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis),滑榆(Ulmus rubra或加州滑榆)以及白柳树皮(白柳)。大蒜和欧芹具有最强烈的抗癌症效果。
制备植物提取物并以同样方式测试,在SK-N-MC细胞中没有表现出抗癌症效果的包括悬钩子(悬钩子属),辣薄荷(辣薄荷),Shavegrass(Equisetum hyemale),玉米穗丝(玉蜀黍花),蒲公英(药用蒲公英),苜蓿(苜蓿属),百里香(Thymus属)和滑榆(Ulmus rubra和加州滑榆)。
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Claims (16)
1、一种用于刺激哺乳动物细胞中一氧化氮产生的药物组合物,所述组合物含有有效量的植物水溶性提取物,所述植物为冰草属(Agropyrum spp.)。
2.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述提取物具有刺激在足神经节细胞中一氧化氮在15nM到100nM范围内释放的能力。
3.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述提取物具有刺激在内皮细胞中一氧化氮在50nM到100nM范围内释放的能力。
4.权利要求2的药物组合物,其中所述提取物含有分子量为约50-约5000道尔顿的水溶性组分。
5.权利要求3的药物组合物,其中所述提取物含有分子量为约50-约500道尔顿的水溶性组分。
6.权利要求4的药物组合物,还可表征为:在10nM氯化钠,0.5mMEDTA,100mM乙酸钠和50%乙腈,pH5.0条件下,高效液相色谱层析图谱上具有单一主峰。
7.权利要求5的药物组合物,还可表征为:在10nM氯化钠,0.5mMEDTA,100mM乙酸钠和50%乙腈,pH5.0条件下,高效液相色谱层析图谱上具有单一主峰。
8.冰草属的提取物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物炎症的药物中的用途。
9.冰草属的提取物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物细菌性感染的药物中的用途。
10.冰草属的提取物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物病毒感染的药物中的用途。
11.冰草属的提取物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物哮喘的药物中的用途。
12.能够在哺乳动物细胞中刺激NO产生的冰草属的植物材料的低分子量水提取物的制备方法,包括
(a)在水和酸中匀浆冰草属的植物部分,形成匀浆液;
(b)用氯仿和醇的混合物抽提所述匀浆液;
(c)离心抽提的匀浆液;
(d)对上清液进行固相提取以洗脱低分子量组分。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中提取物被干燥并制成粉末。
14.权利要求12的方法,其中植物部分包括叶子,花,树皮或根茎。
15.用于治疗哺乳动物细菌性感染、病毒感染、哮喘和/或炎症的药物组合物,所述组合物包含有效量的在药学可接受载体中的冰草属的提取物,其制备方法包括:
(a)匀浆冰草属植物部分;
(b)从所述冰草属植物部分制备提取物;以及
(c)从所述提取物中基本上去掉分子量大于约5000道尔顿的组分。
16.权利要求15的组合物,其中植物部分包括叶片、花、树皮或根茎。
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WO1995008318A2 (fr) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-30 | Valentina Nikolaevna Peidus | Substance medicinale a proprietes anti-infecteuses destinee a etre utilisee dans le traitement de la sterilite et dans la protection de la grossesse |
US6232528B1 (en) | 1996-06-26 | 2001-05-15 | University Of Florida Research Foundation Incorporated | Disease resistance in vitis |
US6254899B1 (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2001-07-03 | Laboratoires Remilea | Plant extract compositions, method of preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
KR100228873B1 (ko) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-11-01 | 강재헌 | 센텔라아시아티카에서 분리한 아시아티코사이드와 마테카소 사이드의 수용성 추출물을 함유한 간세포 및 항간섬유화 치료제 |
US6524805B1 (en) | 1997-11-10 | 2003-02-25 | George B. Stefano | Methods for identifying estrogen surface receptor agonists |
US6432454B1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2002-08-13 | C. V. Technologies, Inc. | Processes of making north american ginseng fractions, products containing them, and use as immunomodulators |
WO2000076492A1 (en) | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-21 | Nutri-Logics, Inc. | Nutrient formulations for disease reduction, and related treatment and component screening methods |
US6200594B1 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-03-13 | Vital Dynamics, Inc. | Breast-enhancing, herbal compositions and methods of using same |
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2003
- 2003-08-19 AU AU2003298551A patent/AU2003298551A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-19 US US10/526,091 patent/US7959951B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-19 CN CNB038241722A patent/CN100569255C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-19 CA CA2496790A patent/CA2496790C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-19 WO PCT/US2003/025966 patent/WO2004037165A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-08-19 EP EP03796302A patent/EP1549300A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-19 CN CN200610148572XA patent/CN1951411B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-19 CN CNA2006101485734A patent/CN1951412A/zh active Pending
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CN1951412A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
AU2003298551A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
CA2496790C (en) | 2012-11-20 |
CA2496790A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
CN100569255C (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
US7959951B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
CN1951411B (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
EP1549300A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
WO2004037165A2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
AU2003298551A8 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
WO2004037165A3 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US20060134233A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
EP1549300A4 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
CN1688331A (zh) | 2005-10-26 |
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