CN1948864A - Work-cold joint supplied cross still state straight and reverse coupling heating power circulation system and method - Google Patents
Work-cold joint supplied cross still state straight and reverse coupling heating power circulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1948864A CN1948864A CNA2005101093292A CN200510109329A CN1948864A CN 1948864 A CN1948864 A CN 1948864A CN A2005101093292 A CNA2005101093292 A CN A2005101093292A CN 200510109329 A CN200510109329 A CN 200510109329A CN 1948864 A CN1948864 A CN 1948864A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 title claims description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 246
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010020843 Hyperthermia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036031 hyperthermia Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 63
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
Abstract
The invention includes the following steps: heating the ammonia water working medium to a saturated liquid state and then being separated into strong ammonia steam and weak ammonia water; using the condensated strong ammonia steam as the refrigerating output and generate the strong ammonia wet steam; mixing the weak ammonia water after the power positive circulating work with the strong ammonia wet steam and then being condensated to be the fundamental concentration ammonia water working medium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy technology field, just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of particularly a kind of merit-cold alliance and method.
Background technology
Thermodynamic cycle is the core of hot machine development theory basis and energy power system, also is the importance and the motive force of thermodynamics subject developing development.The proposition of 20th century 70-80 age supply system notion, make thermodynamic cycle research thinking no longer be confined to the quality of single circulation or process, and more pay attention to inquiring into the various high-performance combined cycle that different circulations combine, thereby being brought up to system height, energy trans-utilization process is familiar with.The temperature range of power direct circulation and the contrary circular flow of refrigeration lays respectively at ambient condition (the quiet attitude on the thermodynamics), and up and down, both have many-sided complementarity, and the just contrary coupling cycle of cross still state occurs under this background.
Technology related to the present invention mainly comprises the just contrary coupling cycle of ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle, ammonia-water mixture power cycle, ammonia-water mixture at present, and the state of development and the system features of its technology separately are as follows:
1. ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle: Absorption Cooling System just came into operation in Germany as far back as 19 beginnings of the century, the present development multiple different circulation form, as double effect absorption kind of refrigeration cycle, superposition type absorption refrigeration circulation, combined type absorption refrigeration circulation, GAX Absorption Cooling System, auxiliary refrigerant absorption refrigeration circulation etc.And ammonia water mixture is widely used in the absorption heating power circulation as traditional absorption working medium, and ammonia has also obtained the extensive approval and the application of Refrigeration Engineering circle already as a kind of excellent refrigerant.In addition, different with numerous artificial synthetic cold-producing mediums, ammonia is the material that a kind of occurring in nature exists, and these feasible numerous authoritative environmental protection organizations that comprise EPA etc. approve that all it is as a kind of feasible alternative refrigerant.Based on above advantage,, the ammoniacal liquor mixed working fluid constituted the ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle thereby being applied to Absorption Cooling System.Compare with present widely used lithium bromide absorbing type refrigeration circulation, ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle refrigeration scope big (10～-50 ℃), reliability height, noise and vibrations little (because except that ammonia pump, not having other rotating machinery), system sealing require low, no crystallisation problems, copper removal and copper alloy outer low to other metal non-corrosiveness, working medium price, can adopt air-cooled cooling, be convenient to economize on water.Load can be regulated arbitrarily between 10～100%, and power consumption is few.In addition, utilizing under the situation of waste heat, the year operation operating cost of ammonia handpiece Water Chilling Units is compared with the R134a handpiece Water Chilling Units with R22, hangs down 12% and 19% respectively.
2. ammonia-water mixture power cycle: ammonia-water mixture power cycle commonly used at present is mainly ammonia-water mixture Rankine circulation and ammonia absorption type power cycle.With respect to single working medium, the characteristic of ammoniacal liquor mixed working fluid alternating temperature evaporation can effectively be improved the temperature matching state between working medium and sensible heat thermal source in the power cycle heating process, and the fire that reduces heat transfer process is with loss, thus the hot merit conversion efficiency of raising system.Ammonia-water mixture Rankine circulation replaces single working medium with the ammoniacal liquor mixed working fluid, has made full use of the advantage of mixed working fluid in heating process.The thermal efficiency that uses ammonia-water mixture Rankine circulation that studies show that in 1997 such as Bao Hanliang can reach 1.05～1.25 times of steam Rankine circulation.But the characteristic of ammonia-water mixture alternating temperature phase transformation can bring the turbine exhaust steam pressure to raise in the condensation process of power cycle again, fire adverse effects such as loss increase, and the main feature of ammonia absorption type power cycle is alleviated this problem by conversion mixed working fluid concentration exactly.The absorption power cycle that adopts ammonia-water mixture generation nineteen fifty in early days by propositions such as Maloney.The representative ammonia absorption type power cycle of generally acknowledging is the Kalina circulation that is proposed and obtained in 1984 United States Patent (USP) (U.S.Patent No.4489563) by A.I.Kalina at present, this circulates on the basis of Rankine power cycle, has replaced simple exhaust steam condensing unit with the ammoniacal liquor separate absorbent system that is made up of flash distillation plant, current divider and absorption condensation device.In the circulation, ammonia spirit splits into two strands, one sends into flash vessel, concentration improves as work done working medium after the dense ammonia vapor absorption condensation that another strand and flash distillation obtain, after the heating of boosting, send into the turbine work done, the exhaust steam that generates mixes total condensation after the reduction concentration with the weak aqua ammonia that flash distillation obtains, send current divider back to after boosting then.The characteristics of this circulation are to have satisfied heating and the different demands of condensation process to working medium concentration in the circulation by regulating mixed working fluid concentration, reduce the turbine exhaust steam pressure simultaneously.As the end circulation of conventional gas turbine, with respect to steam Rankine circulation, the fire of Kalina circulation has improved 15.6% with efficient, and the thermal efficiency has improved 30%～60%.According to the data in USDOE's 1992 annual energy report, as promoting the Kalina circulating technology in the U.S., but every year 6000000000 dollars of fuel saving expenses.Generally speaking, the major technique characteristics of ammonia absorption type power cycle are to adopt separation, part flow arrangement and blended absorbent device that the concentration and the flow rate of mixed working fluid are regulated and control, to satisfy the different demands of mixed working fluid power cycle to working medium concentration, thereby reduce the irreversible loss that circulates, improve the turbine capacity for work.
3. the just contrary coupling cycle of ammonia-water mixture: on above technical foundation, ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle and ammonia-water mixture power cycle are carried out the system integration and just constituted the just contrary coupling cycle of ammonia-water mixture.At present, the just contrary coupling cycle of ammonia-water mixture is mainly with solar energy, geothermal energy, and the smoke evacuation of low-temperature heat source or gas turbine is as thermal source in the industrial exhaust heats etc.; With ammonia water mixture as working medium; Direct circulation is the ammonia-water mixture power cycle, and contrary circulation is the ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle; By gas-liquid separation device (as rectifying column), part flow arrangement (as current divider) and the realization of blended absorbent device conversion to the mixed working fluid density component.Simultaneously, the cold that the contrary circulation of refrigeration in the coupling cycle produces can all be applied to the condensation process of coupling cycle internal motivation subcycle to reduce turbine exhaust steam pressure and circulation exothermic temperature, thereby raising system effectiveness, novel middle low-temperature mixed working medium combined cycle as propositions in 2003 such as Wang Yu, be used for the power cycle condensation process by the cold energy that kind of refrigeration cycle is produced, make and compare with the mixed working fluid power cycle of routine, new circulation turbine exhaust steam pressure is reduced to 0.17Mpa by 0.44Mpa, the average exothermic temperature that circulates is reduced to 39.9 ℃ by 79.2 ℃, system thermal efficiency brings up to 13.4% by 10.3%, and fire brings up to 53.3% with efficient by 40.8%.If the cold that kind of refrigeration cycle is produced is with the simultaneously external output of the merit amount of power cycle then realized the merit of system, cold alliance, it is various that the just contrary coupling thermodynamic cycle of merit, cold alliance has the energy output form with respect to the power cycle of routine, system effectively exports increase, the energy utilization rate height, the characteristics that economy is good, it is the power/refrigeration combined-circulation of purpose that cypress filial piety husband etc. proposed with the balance compound and accumulation of energy of electric power round the clock in 1997, still should the circulation more complicated.Merit, the cold alliance combined-circulation of low-temperature heat source in the employing solar energy that Goswami etc. 1999 propose, this circulation is thermal source with solar energy mainly, and heat source temperature is relatively low, and 20% the working medium of only having an appointment simultaneously is used for freezing and work done, has influenced systematic function.In the just contrary coupling cycle of existing ammonia-water mixture coupling, the systematic function of the novel ammonia absorption type power/refrigeration combined-circulation that proposes with Zheng Dan magnitude 2002 is more excellent, this circulates on the basis of Kalina circulation process, replace flash vessel with rectifying separator (rectifying column and overhead condenser and tower bottom reboiler), condenser and evaporimeter between rectifier unit and high pressure absorber, have been set up, the concentrated ammonia solution that utilizes rectifying to separate to obtain is as cold-producing medium, evaporation heat absorption after the throttling cooling realizes the cold and confession of merit.This circulates on the basis of inheriting Kalina circulation advantage, and kind of refrigeration cycle and power cycle is integrated, has realized merit, cold alliance, compares with the Kalina circulation, and thermal efficiency of cycle brings up to 19.5% by 14.5%, and fire brings up to 31.6% with efficient by 31.2%.
But also there is following problem in the just contrary coupling cycle of present merit, cold alliance:
1. heat-source energy utilizes unreasonable: in the heat exchanger (as waste heat boiler, reboiler etc.) that thermal source heats outside adopting, fail different temperatures level requirement at working medium, principle according to cascaded utilization of energy is carried out reasonable disposition to the flow process of thermal source, adopt single source directly to enter environment respectively and mostly be to after the working medium in waste heat boiler, the reboiler heating, the thermal source delivery temperature is higher, fails to realize fully rationally utilizing heat-source energy.
2. the mixed working fluid characteristic is to the adverse effect of power cycle condensation process: with respect to single working medium, the characteristic of the alternating temperature condensation of mixed working fluid has strengthened the irreversible loss of the condensation process of power cycle, makes the turbine exhaust steam pressure raise relatively simultaneously.Although existing just contrary coupling cycle has adopted some measures to alleviate this problem to a certain extent, condensation process is still the whole circulation fire with one of main source that loses, and is the main cause that restriction mixed working fluid coupling cycle performance improves.
3. the waste that system's internal pressure can (fire with): in the conventional contrary circulation of ammonia absorption type refrigeration, many places adopt choke valve to realize that required pressure falls, and make that corresponding pressure can (fire with) loss in vain.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems referred to above that existing positive and negative coupling circulation system exists, the object of the present invention is to provide the just contrary coupling thermal circulation method of cross still state and the system of a kind of merit-cold alliance.
To achieve these goals, the just contrary coupling of the cross still state of a kind of merit provided by the invention-cold alliance thermal circulation method is separated into dense ammonia steam and weak aqua ammonia after ammonia-water mixture is heated to saturated liquid state; Realize cold output and generate dense ammonia moist steam as refrigeration working medium after the condensation of wherein dense ammonia steam; Weak aqua ammonia matter enters after the power direct circulation work done, with dense ammonia moist steam condensation by mixing be the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture.
Be used to realize the just contrary coupling circulation system of cross still state of the merit-cold alliance of said method, mainly comprise:
Heat exchanger, preheater, regenerator: be heat transmission equipment, realize the exchange heat between hot and cold logistics;
Waste heat boiler: heat transmission equipment makes the evaporation of work done working medium overheated;
Steam turbine: work done device, high temperature and high pressure steam working medium expand therein and realize external work done;
Condenser: under corresponding condensing pressure, be saturated liquid state with the working medium total condensation;
Rectifying column: be used for that ammonia-water mixture is carried out rectifying and separate; Overhead condenser is mainly used in rectifying is separated the dense ammonia steam total condensation obtain, partial reflux rectifying column wherein, and all the other are as refrigeration working medium; Rectifying separates required heat and directly imports from tower bottom reboiler, separate dilute ammonia solution heat absorbing part evaporation in reboiler of output at the bottom of the tower, the ammonia vapor that generates is sent rectifying column back to, and remaining dilute ammonia solution concentration further reduces and sends as the reboiler product;
Cooler: heat transmission equipment, connect rectifying column overhead condenser and choke valve respectively, crossed cold but at this by the cryogenic refrigeration working medium that evaporimeter exports from the refrigeration working medium solution of overhead condenser;
Choke valve: the expansion dropping equipment makes refrigeration working medium solution realize the throttling process of step-down, cooling by sharply expanding;
Evaporimeter: the evaporation of absorbing heat therein of refrigeration working medium solution, realize the cold output to environment;
Absorber: form by blender and condenser, the logistics of variable concentrations working medium earlier in blender blended absorbent then in condenser total condensation be saturated liquid state;
Current divider: part flow arrangement, carry out the quality shunting to the working medium logistics, to reach the purpose of regulation and control key stream mass concentration;
Above-described refrigeration working medium solution is liquor ammoniae fortis.
The just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of described merit-cold alliance, it is characterized in that: described single-stage ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle, adopt evaporator outlet working medium (the dense ammonia moist steam of low temperature) to replace cooling water to carry out but cold to the refrigeration working medium solution from the rectifying column overhead condenser in cooler.
The just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of described merit-cold alliance, it is characterized in that: the direct circulation of described ammonia-water mixture power can be adopted ammonia-water mixture Rankine power cycle or ammonia absorption type power cycle; Wherein, ammonia-water mixture Rankine power cycle adopts ammonia water mixture as working medium, and the hyperthermia and superheating ammonia vapor that will generate in waste heat boiler is sent into expansion working in the steam turbine, and its basic EGR and flow process and conventional Rankine power cycle are similar; The ammonia absorption type power cycle adopts the shunting absorption plant of being made up of current divider and absorber that working medium concentration is regulated; Concrete is by variable concentrations working medium logistics (weak aqua ammonia of basic concentration working medium, refrigeration working medium or reboiler output) being carried out the quality shunting, the variable concentrations working medium that then shunting is obtained is blended absorbent again, be condensed into working medium, to satisfy the different demands of circulation various process to concentration with new concentration.
The just contrary coupling of the cross still state of described merit-cold alliance circulation system is characterized in that: rectifying column and absorber for just, contrary circulation tie point, also be simultaneously just, against the cycle sharing device.
The just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of described merit-cold alliance, it is characterized in that: the height according to heat absorption working medium temperature levels connects layout in turn to adopting the heat exchanger of outer thermal source in the system, according to the height of energy grade heat-source energy is carried out cascade utilization.
Particularly, the just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of merit provided by the invention-cold alliance:
Comprise the contrary circulation of ammonia-water mixture Rankine power direct circulation and single-stage ammonia absorption type refrigeration, form by pump, heat exchanger, rectifying column, cooler, choke valve, evaporimeter, absorber, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, condenser; In the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture boosts through pump earlier, is heated to saturated liquid state then and sends into rectifying column and be separated into dense ammonia steam and weak aqua ammonia in heat exchanger; Wherein, dense ammonia steam is sent into cooler as refrigeration working medium and is crossed but cold after the overhead condenser total condensation, after choke valve throttling step-down, send into the evaporimeter heat absorption again and realize cold output, the dense ammonia moist steam that evaporation process generates enters cooler and the refrigeration working medium solution from overhead condenser was carried out but cold, sends into absorber at last; Rectifying column separates the weak aqua ammonia that obtains and heat the rear section evaporation in tower bottom reboiler, concentration further reduces the back and sends into the power direct circulation as work done working medium, boost and waste heat boiler evaporation is sent into the steam turbine work done after overheated through pump, absorber and dense ammonia moist steam blended absorbent are sent in the turbine exhaust steam, are condensed into the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture; External heat source heats cycle fluid through waste heat boiler, reboiler, heat exchanger successively.
The contrary circulation of its medium power direct circulation and refrigeration is that tie point is realized being connected in parallel with reboiler and absorber; Ammonia-water mixture Rankine circulation is adopted in the power direct circulation, and replaces heat exchanger and choke valve with it weak aqua ammonia of rectifying column reboiler output is carried out the heat exchange step-down, reclaims the pressure energy of step-down process by steam turbine; Adopt weak aqua ammonia as work done working medium simultaneously, reduced the exhaust steam pressure of ammonia vapor turbine.
According to the present invention, also provide the just contrary coupling circulation system of cross still state of a kind of merit-cold alliance:
Comprise the contrary circulation of direct circulation of ammonia absorption type power and single-stage ammonia absorption type refrigeration, form by pump, heat exchanger, rectifying column, cooler, choke valve, evaporimeter, absorber, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, current divider; In the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture is earlier after pump boosts and low-pressure absorber, heat exchanger are heated to saturated liquid state and send into rectifying column and be separated into weak aqua ammonia and dense ammonia steam; Wherein, weak aqua ammonia heats the rear section evaporation in tower bottom reboiler, and concentration further reduces, and sends into current divider then after heat exchanger heat release and choke valve throttling step-down and is divided into two strands, sends into high pressure absorber and low-pressure absorber respectively; The dense ammonia steam of rectifying column cat head output is sent into cooler as refrigeration working medium and is crossed but coldly after the overhead condenser total condensation, send into evaporimeter heat absorption again and realize cold output after choke valve throttling step-down; The dense ammonia moist steam that evaporation process generates enters cooler and carried out but cold to the refrigeration working medium solution from overhead condenser, send at last high pressure absorber with from the weak aqua ammonia blended absorbent of current divider, be condensed into work done working medium and send into the power direct circulation, boost and the evaporation of heat exchanger, waste heat boiler is sent into the steam turbine work done after overheated through pump, the turbine exhaust steam in low-pressure absorber with from another strand weak aqua ammonia blended absorbent of current divider, total condensation is a basic concentration working medium; External heat source heats cycle fluid through waste heat boiler, reboiler, heat exchanger successively.
The contrary circulation of its medium power direct circulation and refrigeration is that tie point is realized being connected in series with high pressure absorber and rectifying column; The ammonia absorption type power cycle is adopted in the power direct circulation, and the shunting absorption plant is made up of a current divider and two absorbers (high and low pressure absorber).Wherein, current divider will split into two strands through the weak aqua ammonia after the throttling step-down (being the reboiler product): one is sent into high pressure absorber and is work done working medium from the dense ammonia moist steam condensation by mixing of cooler, improved the working medium concentration of endothermic process: another strand weak aqua ammonia is sent into low-pressure absorber and turbine exhaust steam condensation by mixing, has reduced the turbine exhaust steam pressure.
According to the present invention, also provide the just contrary coupling circulation system of cross still state of a kind of merit-cold alliance:
Comprise the contrary circulation of direct circulation of ammonia absorption type power and single-stage ammonia absorption type refrigeration, form by pump, heat exchanger, preheater, regenerator, rectifying column, cooler, choke valve, evaporimeter, absorber, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, current divider; Wherein, in the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture is divided into two strands through first current divider, presses absorber during one is sent into, and another stock-traders' know-how pump boosts and heat exchanger is heated to and sends into rectifying column after the saturated liquid state and be separated into weak aqua ammonia and dense ammonia steam; Wherein, weak aqua ammonia heats the rear section evaporation in tower bottom reboiler, and concentration further reduces, and sends into low-pressure absorber then after the heat release throttling; The dense ammonia steam of cat head output is crossed but cold as refrigeration working medium after the overhead condenser total condensation through cooler, after choke valve throttling step-down, send into the evaporimeter heat absorption again and realize cold output, the dense ammonia moist steam that evaporation process generates enters cooler the refrigeration working medium solution from overhead condenser was carried out coldly sending into second current divider after but and splitting into two strands, one sends into high pressure absorber, press absorber and basic concentration ammonia-water mixture to be mixed into work done working medium in sending into after another stock-traders' know-how throttling step-down and send into power cycle from first current divider, earlier after pump boosts and regenerator, preheater heating enters the waste heat boiler evaporation again and sends into the steam turbine expansion working after overheated; Low-pressure absorber and weak aqua ammonia blended absorbent total condensation are sent in the turbine exhaust steam after the regenerator heat release, send into high pressure absorber after boosting and be mixed into basic concentration working medium from the dense ammonia moist steam of second current divider; External heat source heats cycle fluid through waste heat boiler, reboiler, heat exchanger successively.
The contrary circulation of its medium power direct circulation and refrigeration is that tie point is realized being connected in series with middle pressure absorber and high pressure absorber; The ammonia absorption type power cycle is adopted in the power direct circulation, and the shunting absorption plant is made up of two current dividers, three absorbers (high, medium and low voltage absorber), by cycle fluid being shunted and being mixed the regulation and control that realize working medium concentration again.Wherein, two current dividers are shunted to basic concentration working medium with from the dense ammonia moist steam of cooler respectively, and the tributary thigh of the two shunting gained is mixed into work done working medium in middle pressure absorber, have improved work done working medium concentration; Simultaneously, the turbine exhaust steam is mixed in low-pressure absorber with dilute ammonia solution (being the reboiler product) after the heat exchange throttling, reduced ammonia-water mixture concentration in the condensation process, the work done working medium of total condensation with from kind of refrigeration cycle through the shunting after dense ammonia moist steam in high pressure absorber, be mixed into the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, utilize the principle of the system integration that heat-source energy is carried out cascade utilization, improved the effective rate of utilization of energy; Improve the mixed working fluid concentration of power cycle heating process, improved the temperature matching state between heating process working medium and thermal source; Reduce the concentration of power cycle condensation process mixed working fluid, reduced the irreversible loss of energy, improved the turbine capacity for work; Reclaim the pressure energy of weak aqua ammonia expansion step-down process in the Absorption Cooling System, be translated into merit; Making the cold branch of system and ammonia-water mixture merit compare thermal performance for system by above improvement obtains to improve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is first embodiment of the cross still state positive and negative coupling circulation system of merit of the present invention-cold alliance.
Fig. 2 is second embodiment of the cross still state positive and negative coupling circulation system of merit of the present invention-cold alliance.
Fig. 3 is the 3rd embodiment of the cross still state positive and negative coupling circulation system of merit of the present invention-cold alliance.
The specific embodiment
The present invention proposes three kinds of specific embodiments, the idiographic flow of embodiment 1 is ammonia-water mixture Rankine circulation and single-stage ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle the be connected in parallel merit of forming, the cross still state positive and negative coupling circulation system of cold alliance as shown in Figure 1; The idiographic flow of embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 2, be ammonia absorption type power cycle and single-stage ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle the be connected in series merit of forming, the cross still state positive and negative coupling circulation system of cold alliance, the shunting absorption plant of system comprises a current divider and two absorbers; The idiographic flow of embodiment 3 as shown in Figure 3, be ammonia absorption type power cycle and single-stage ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle the be connected in series merit of forming, the cross still state positive and negative coupling circulation system of cold alliance, the shunting absorption plant of system comprises two current dividers and three absorbers.Below these three kinds of embodiment are elaborated.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment system is by pump 1,5,9, heat exchanger 2, and rectifying column 3 (containing tower bottom reboiler 4 and overhead condenser 10), waste heat boiler 6, steam turbine 7, condenser 8, cooler 11, choke valve 12, evaporimeter 13, absorber 14 is formed.Its idiographic flow is:
In the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the ammonia-water mixture S1 of basic concentration boosts through pump 1, and heat exchanger 2 is heated to saturated liquid S3 and sends into rectifying column 3 and split into dilute ammonia solution S4 and dense ammonia steam S12.
Dense ammonia steam S12 is after overhead condenser 10 total condensation, S13 backflow rectifying column, S14 crosses through cooler 11 as refrigeration working medium solution and coldly but with after the choke valve 12 throttling step-downs obtains low temperature liquor ammoniae fortis S16, send into evaporimeter 13 then and realize refrigeration from the environment heat absorption, to after the S16 cooling heat absorption, S18 sends into absorber 14 to the dense ammonia moist steam S17 that generates in cooler 11.
The ammonia vapor S5 backflow rectifying column that the dilute ammonia solution S4 of output absorbs heat in reboiler 4 and generates at the bottom of the rectifying Tata, remaining dilute ammonia solution S6 sends into the power direct circulation, boost through pump 5 and to be high-pressure working medium S7, send into heat absorption generation high pressure superheated steam S8 in the waste heat boiler 6 then, enter expansion working in the steam turbine 7.Turbine exhaust steam S9 is after condenser 8 condensations and pump 9 boost, and S11 sends into absorber 14.
Thermal source hot-fluid S19 enters environment through waste heat boiler 6, reboiler 4,2 pairs of working medium of heat exchanger after heating successively.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment system is by pump 1,5, heat exchanger 2,15, rectifying column 3 (containing tower bottom reboiler 4 and overhead condenser 10), waste heat boiler 6, steam turbine 7, cooler 11, choke valve 12,16,18, evaporimeter 13, high pressure absorber 14, current divider 17, low-pressure absorber 19 is formed.Its idiographic flow is:
In the contrary circulation of refrigeration, basic concentration ammonia-water mixture S1 splits into dilute ammonia solution S5 and dense ammonia steam S13 after low-pressure absorber 19 and heat exchanger 2 heat absorptions are sent into rectifying column 3 to the saturated liquid S4 earlier after pump 1 boosts.
Dense ammonia steam S13 is through overhead condenser 10 total condensation, the dense ammoniacal liquor S14 of part backflow rectifying column, all the other dense ammoniacal liquor S15 are low temperature liquor ammoniae fortis S17 as refrigeration working medium through cooler 11 coolings and choke valve 12 throttling step-downs, send into evaporimeter 13 then and realize refrigeration from the environment heat absorption, to after the S15 cooling heat absorption, S19 sends into high pressure absorber 14 to the dense ammonia moist steam S18 that generates in cooler 11.
Isolated dilute ammonia solution S5 absorbs heat in reboiler 4 at the bottom of the rectifying Tata, the ammonia vapor S6 backflow rectifying column that generates, all the other weak aqua ammonia S7 send into current divider 17 and split into S10 and S11 after heat exchanger 15 heat releases and choke valve 16 throttling step-downs, wherein S10 sends into high pressure absorber 14, and S11 is that S12 sends into low-pressure absorber 19 through choke valve 18 step-downs.
In the power direct circulation, refrigerant vapour S19 and weak aqua ammonia S10 condensation by mixing in high pressure absorber 14 is work done working medium S20, boost through pump 5, the heat absorption evaporation generates high pressure superheated steam S23 in heat exchanger 15 and waste heat boiler 6 then, send into steam turbine 7 expansion workings, turbine exhaust steam S24 is condensed into basic concentration working medium S1 with weak aqua ammonia S12 blended absorbent after the heat release throttling in low-pressure absorber 19.
Thermal source hot-fluid S25 enters environment through waste heat boiler 6, reboiler 4,2 pairs of working medium of heat exchanger after heating successively.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment system is by pump 1,5,9, heat exchanger 2,15, rectifying column 3 (containing tower bottom reboiler 4 and overhead condenser 10), waste heat boiler 6, steam turbine 7, cooler 11, choke valve 12,16,18, evaporimeter 13, high pressure absorber 14, current divider 17,20, low-pressure absorber 19, preheater 21, regenerator 22, middle pressure absorber 23 is formed.Its idiographic flow is: in the contrary circulation of refrigeration, basic concentration ammonia-water mixture S1 splits into S2 and S3 through current divider 17, wherein S2 boosts through pump 1 as the rectifying column charging, is heated to saturated liquid S6 then and sends into rectifying column 3 and split into dilute ammonia solution S7 and dense ammonia steam S13 in heat exchanger 15,2.
The dilute ammonia solution S7 of output absorbs heat in reboiler 4 at the bottom of the rectifying Tata, and the ammonia vapor S8 backflow rectifying column of generation, remaining dilute ammonia solution S9 are that S12 sends into low-pressure absorber 19 through preheater 21, heat exchanger 15 heat releases and choke valve 16 step-downs successively.
Dense ammonia steam S13 is after overhead condenser 10 total condensation, the part liquor ammoniae fortis S14 backflow rectifying column that generates, all the other liquor ammoniae fortis liquid S15 cross through cooler 11 as refrigeration working medium that cold but to reach choke valve 12 throttling step-downs be the dense ammoniacal liquor S17 of low temperature, send into evaporimeter 13 then and realize refrigeration from the environment heat absorption, the dense ammonia moist steam S18 that generates obtains S19 to S15 cooling heat absorption in cooler 11, send into current divider 20 then and split into S20 and S21, S20 sends into high pressure absorber 14, and S21 is to press absorber 23 during S22 sends into through choke valve 18 throttling step-downs.
In the power subcycle, S3 and S22 condensation by mixing in middle pressure absorber 23 is work done working medium S23, boost through pump 5, heat absorption in regenerator 22, preheater 21 and waste heat boiler 6 successively then, generate high pressure superheated steam S27 at last and send into steam turbine 7 expansion workings, pressing absorber 19 and the weak aqua ammonia S12 condensation by mixing after the heat exchange throttling during turbine exhaust steam S28 sends into after regenerator 22 heat releases is S30, and boosting to S31 sends into high pressure absorber 14 through pump 9 again is basic concentration working medium S1 with the S20 condensation by mixing.
Thermal source hot-fluid S32 enters environment through waste heat boiler 6, reboiler 4,2 pairs of working medium of heat exchanger after heating successively.
More than each embodiment all adopt ASPEN PLUS software to carry out analog computation, basic parameter and balance condition state parameter and thermodynamic performance see Table 1 to table 7, and under the basic loop parameter condition (seeing Table 1) that adopts embodiment, respectively with the typical ammonia-water mixture merit of forming by Kalina power cycle and single-stage ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle, cold branch is for the ammonia-water mixture merit of system and present best performance, cold alliance positive and negative coupling circulation system (novel ammonia absorption type power/refrigeration combined-circulation that the Zheng Dan magnitude proposed in 2002) has carried out the comparison of thermal performance aspect, and the temperature matching state of system's heat transfer process all reaches the optimum state in the allowed band in the above analog computation process.
For the circulation process of embodiment 1, when the basic working medium mass concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 0.3, mass flowrate is 1kg/s, the turbine inlet condition is 450 ℃/5.1Mpa, when being limited to-15 ℃ on the evaporimeter cryogenic temperature.The clean output work of circulation is 719kW, and refrigerating capacity is 266.2kW, and thermal efficiency of cycle is 28.2%, and fire is 55.8% with efficient.Under the identical basic loop parameter condition, merit, cold branch are 450 ℃/15.7Mpa for the turbine inlet condition of the co-feeding system of system and the proposition of Zheng Dan magnitude, be limited to-15 ℃ on the evaporimeter cryogenic temperature, dividing for system thermal efficiency is 19.8%, fire is 39.5% with efficient, by comparison, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved 42.4%, and fire has improved 41.3% with efficient; The co-feeding system thermal efficiency that the Zheng Dan magnitude proposes is 19.8%, and fire is 46.4% with efficient, and by comparison, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved 42.4% relatively, and fire has improved 20.3% relatively with efficient.
Circulation process for embodiment 2, when the basic working medium mass concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 0.25, mass flowrate is 1kg/s, the turbine inlet condition is 450 ℃/15.25Mpa, is limited to-15 ℃ on the evaporimeter cryogenic temperature, and the split ratio of current divider 17 ratio of the mass flowrate of S9 (the stream gang S11 with) is 0.4 o'clock.The clean output work of circulation is 561.6kW, and refrigerating capacity is 171.8kW, and thermal efficiency of cycle is 26.4%, and fire is 54.1% with efficient.Under the identical basic loop parameter condition, merit, cold branch are 450 ℃/17.3Mpa for the turbine inlet condition of the co-feeding system of system and Zheng Dan magnitude, be limited to-15 ℃ on the evaporimeter cryogenic temperature, dividing for system thermal efficiency is 19.2%, fire is 39.9% with efficient, by comparison, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved 37.5%, and fire has improved 35.6% with efficient; The co-feeding system thermal efficiency that the Zheng Dan magnitude proposes is 20.2%, and fire is 48.3% with efficient, and by comparison, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved 30.7% relatively, and fire has improved 12% relatively with efficient.
Circulation process for embodiment 3, when the basic working medium mass concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 0.23, mass flowrate is 2kg/s, the turbine inlet condition is 450 ℃/11.1Mpa, be limited to-15 ℃ on the evaporimeter cryogenic temperature, the split ratio of current divider 17 ratio of the mass flowrate of S1 (the stream gang S2 with) is 0.6, the split ratio of current divider 20 ratio of the mass flowrate of S19 (the stream gang S20 with) is 0.96 o'clock, the clean output work of circulation is 737.3kW, refrigerating capacity is 203.8kW, thermal efficiency of cycle is 27.3%, and fire is 57.6% with efficient.Under the identical basic loop parameter condition, merit, cold branch are 450 ℃/16Mpa for the turbine inlet condition of the co-feeding system of system and Zheng Dan magnitude, be limited to-15 ℃ on the evaporimeter cryogenic temperature, dividing for system thermal efficiency is 18.6%, fire is 39.2% with efficient, by comparison, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved 46.8%, and fire has improved 46.9% with efficient; The co-feeding system thermal efficiency that the Zheng Dan magnitude proposes is 20.1%, and fire is 48.5% with efficient, and by comparison, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved 35.8% relatively, and fire has improved 18.8% relatively with efficient.
Be found in typical ammonia-water mixture merit, cold branch and compare for system, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved more than 37.5%, and fire has improved more than 35.6% with efficient.Compare with the ammonia-water mixture merit of present best performance, cold alliance positive and negative coupling circulation system, system thermal efficiency of the present invention has improved more than 30.7%, and fire has improved more than 12% with efficient.
The basic reason that system effectiveness of the present invention is high is:
1. the cascade utilization of heat-source energy: the heat of high temperature section thermal source hot-fluid is used at waste heat boiler making its evaporation overheated to turbine air inlet heating; The heat of middle-temperature section thermal source hot-fluid is used in the heating of reboiler to mixed working fluid, and its rectifying is separated; The heat of low-temperature zone thermal source hot-fluid is used for the heating to the rectifying column charging, has reduced the reboiler power consumption, makes the final exhaust temperature of thermal source be reduced to about 90 ℃ simultaneously, thereby reduces the discharge process energy loss of thermal source and to the pollution of environment.
2. according to the different demands of power cycle heating process and condensation process ammonia-water mixture concentration is regulated and control: in order to improve the ammonia-water mixture concentration of heating process, embodiment 2,3 mixes weak aqua ammonia as work done working medium with dense ammonia moist steam, before mixing, weak aqua ammonia is shunted simultaneously, reduce the flow rate of the weak aqua ammonia in the mixed process, thereby further improved the concentration of work done working medium; In order to reduce the concentration of ammonia-water mixture in the condensation process, embodiment 1 adopts the dilute ammonia solution of rectifying column tower bottom reboiler output as work done working medium, and this part ammonia spirit is the minimum ammonia spirit concentration that can reach in the whole circulation.Embodiment 2,3 replaces the condenser that connect behind the turbine with absorber, be used to dilute ammonia solution blended absorbent turbine exhaust steam from reboiler, reduced the concentration of condensing soln, difference is that embodiment 2 has utilized the part dilute ammonia solution through current divider shunting gained, and 3 of embodiment have utilized whole weak aqua ammonias of reboiler output as the absorbent in the absorber.
System's internal pressure can effective recycling: in the conventional ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle, adopt choke valve usually, make this part pressure of working medium to lose in vain the step-down of expanding of the weak aqua ammonia working medium of rectifying tower bottom reboiler output.Embodiment 1 replaces the expansion step-down of choke valve realization to weak aqua ammonia with turbine, simultaneously corresponding pressure can be converted into merit output.
It needs to be noted that embodiment 3 is when having above-described cascade utilization heat-source energy and reducing these two characteristics of condensation process ammonia-water mixture concentration, also utilize two current dividers respectively the high concentration ammonia-water mixture in basic concentration ammonia-water mixture and the contrary circulation of refrigeration to be shunted, and the stream thigh after will shunting is mixed into the work done working medium of power cycle, improve the working medium concentration of heating process, further improved the temperature matching state of power cycle heating process.Can also realize adjusting by the split ratio of regulating two current dividers simultaneously, reduce the influence that output is caused to another kind because a kind of output (merit or cold) changes to a certain extent work done working medium and refrigeration working medium flow rate.
The basic loop parameter of table 1 system (being applicable to embodiment 1,2,3)
| Loop parameter | Cooling water temperature (℃) | 30 |
| Evaporimeter | Crushing (%) | 3.0 |
| Outlet temperature (℃) | -15 | |
| Absorber | Crushing (%) | 3.0 |
| Outlet working medium mass dryness fraction | 0 | |
| Ambient condition | Temperature (℃) | 25 |
| Pressure (Mpa) | 0.101 | |
| Steam turbine | Intake air temperature (℃) | 450 |
| Isentropic efficiency (%) | 87 | |
| Rectifying column | | 6 |
| The mole reflux ratio | 0.3 | |
| Separating pressure (Mpa) | 1.4 | |
| Crushing (%) | 3.0 | |
| Reboiler | Outlet working medium temperature (℃) | 165 |
| Heat transmission equipment (heat exchanger, condenser, condenser device, waste heat boiler, cooler, reboiler) | Minimum heat transfer temperature difference (K) | 5 or 15 (when hot side is heat source fluid) |
| Crushing (%) | 1.0～3.0 | |
| Pump | Efficient (%) | 75 |
| The thermal source logistics | Molar constituent | 79％N 2，21％O 2 |
| Initial temperature (℃) | 465 | |
| Initial pressure (Mpa) | 0.104 |
Table 2 embodiment 1 cyclic balance work condition state parameter (basic working medium ammonia concn is 0.3)
| Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | The ammonia mass concentration | Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | The ammonia mass concentration |
| S1 | 40.4 | 0.15 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | S10 | 35 | 0.0186 | 0 | 0.771 | 0.098 |
| S2 | 40.7 | 1.484 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | S11 | 35 | 0.155 | 0 | 0.771 | 0.098 |
| S3 | 117.9 | 1.442 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | S12 | 88.2 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.298 | 0.979 |
| S4 | 134.5 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.09 | 0.221 | S13 | 37.5 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.069 | 0.979 |
| S5 | 165 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.319 | 0.522 | S14 | 37.5 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.229 | 0.979 |
| S6 | 165 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.771 | 0.098 | S15 | -9.2 | 1.358 | 0 | 0.229 | 0.979 |
| S7 | 166.2 | 5.253 | 0 | 0.771 | 0.098 | S16 | -22.7 | 0.165 | 0.05 | 0.229 | 0.979 |
| S8 | 450 | 5.1 | 1 | 0.771 | 0.098 | S17 | -15 | 0.16 | 0.9 | 0.229 | 0.979 |
| S9 | 56.7 | 0.019 | 0.9 | 0.771 | 0.098 | S18 | 32.5 | 0.155 | 0.99 | 0.229 | 0.979 |
| Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | Molar concentration | Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | Molar concentration |
| S19 | 465 | 0.104 | 1 | 7.6 | 79％N 2 21％O 2 | S21 | 149.5 | 0.102 | 1 | 7.6 | 79％N 2 21％O 2 |
| S20 | 224.2 | 0.103 | 1 | 7.6 | S22 | 89.9 | 0.101 | 1 | 7.6 |
Table 3 is implemented 1 circulation thermodynamic performance (basic working medium ammonia concn is 0.3)
| Steam turbine power (kW) | 726.9 | Input heat (kW) | 3496 |
| Pump power (kW) | 8 | Import showing tremendous enthusiasm usefulness (kW) | 1379.6 |
| Net power output (kW) | 718.9 | The thermal efficiency (%) | 28.2 |
| Output cold (kW) | 266.2 | Fire efficient (%) | 55.8 |
| Export cold fire and use (kW) | 88.1 |
Table 4 embodiment 2 cyclic balance work condition state parameters (basic working medium ammonia concn is 0.25)
| Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | The ammonia mass concentration | Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | The ammonia mass concentration |
| S1 | 35 | 0.083 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | S13 | 105.6 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.234 | 0.945 |
| S2 | 35.2 | 1.484 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | S14 | 39 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.054 | 0.945 |
| S3 | 72.3 | 1.463 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | S15 | 39 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.945 |
| S4 | 128.8 | 1.442 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | S16 | -10 | 1.358 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.945 |
| S5 | 141.7 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.06 | 0.193 | S17 | -21.6 | 0.165 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.945 |
| S6 | 165 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.24 | 0.522 | S18 | -15 | 0.16 | 0.74 | 0.18 | 0.945 |
| S7 | 165 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.82 | 0.098 | S19 | 7.8 | 0.155 | 0.89 | 0.18 | 0.945 |
| S8 | 54.6 | 1.358 | 0 | 0.82 | 0.098 | S20 | 36.2 | 0.15 | 0 | 0.672 | 0.324 |
| S9 | 54.8 | 0.155 | 0 | 0.82 | 0.098 | S21 | 39.3 | 15.71 | 0 | 0.672 | 0.324 |
| S10 | 54.8 | 0.155 | 0 | 0.492 | 0.098 | S22 | 132.3 | 15.48 | 0 | 0.672 | 0.324 |
| S11 | 54.8 | 0.155 | 0 | 0.328 | 0.098 | S23 | 450 | 15.25 | 1 | 0.672 | 0.324 |
| S12 | 54.8 | 0.085 | 0 | 0.328 | 0.098 | S24 | 83.6 | 0.085 | 0.88 | 0.672 | 0.324 |
| Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | Molar concentration | Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | Molar concentration |
| S25 | 465 | 0.104 | 1 | 6.04 | 79％N 2 21％O 2 | S27 | 156.7 | 0.102 | 1 | 6.04 | 79％N 2 21％O 2 |
| S26 | 228 | 0.103 | 1 | 6.04 | S28 | 95.7 | 0.101 | 1 | 6.04 |
Table 5 embodiment 2 circulation thermodynamic performance (basic working medium ammonia concn is 0.25)
| Split ratio | 0.4 | Export cold fire and use (kW) | 31.1 |
| Steam turbine power (kW) | 581 | Input heat (kW) | 2776.2 |
| Pump power (kW) | 19.4 | Import showing tremendous enthusiasm usefulness (kW) | 1095.6 |
| Net power output (kW) | 561.6 | The thermal efficiency (%) | 26.4 |
| Output cold (kW) | 171.8 | Fire efficient (%) | 54.1 |
Table 6 is implemented 3 cyclic balance work condition state parameter lists (basic working medium ammonia concn is 0.23)
| Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | The ammonia mass concentration | Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | The ammonia mass concentration |
| S1 | 37 | 0.077 | 0 | 2 | 0.23 | S17 | -34.4 | 0.084 | 0.1 | 0.195 | 0.92 |
| S2 | 37 | 0.077 | 0 | 1.2 | 0.23 | S18 | -15 | 0.082 | 0.79 | 0.195 | 0.92 |
| S3 | 37 | 0.077 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.23 | S19 | 24.2 | 0.079 | 0.91 | 0.195 | 0.92 |
| S4 | 37.2 | 1.484 | 0 | 1.2 | 0.23 | S20 | 24.2 | 0.079 | 0.91 | 0.187 | 0.92 |
| S5 | 59.5 | 1.463 | 0 | 1.2 | 0.23 | S21 | 24.2 | 0.079 | 0.91 | 0.008 | 0.92 |
| S6 | 134.4 | 1.442 | 0 | 1.2 | 0.23 | S22 | 23.8 | 0.077 | 0.91 | 0.008 | 0.92 |
| S7 | 148 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.25 | 0.18 | S23 | 35 | 0.075 | 0 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S8 | 165 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.245 | 0.521 | S24 | 36.9 | 11.43 | 0 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S9 | 165 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.005 | 0.096 | S25 | 58 | 11.32 | 0 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S10 | 77 | 1.379 | 0 | 1.005 | 0.096 | S26 | 139 | 11.21 | 0 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S11 | 47.2 | 1.358 | 0 | 1.005 | 0.096 | S27 | 450 | 11.1 | 1 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S12 | 47.5 | 0.038 | 0 | 1.005 | 0.096 | S28 | 68 | 0.039 | 0.88 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S13 | 114.2 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.254 | 0.92 | S29 | 67 | 0.038 | 0.83 | 0.808 | 0.237 |
| S14 | 40.1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.059 | 0.92 | S30 | 35 | 0.037 | 0 | 1.813 | 0.159 |
| S15 | 40.1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.195 | 0.92 | S31 | 35 | 0.079 | 0 | 1.813 | 0.159 |
| S16 | -10 | 1.358 | 0 | 0.195 | 0.92 | ||||||
| Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | Molar concentration | Logistics | Temperature (℃) | Pressure (Mpa) | Mass dryness fraction | Flow rate (kg/s) | Molar concentration |
| S32 | 465 | 104.3 | 1 | 7.496 | 79％N 2 21％O 2 | S34 | 173.8 | 102.3 | 1 | 7.496 | 79％N 2 21％O 2 |
| S33 | 223.2 | 103.3 | 1 | 7.496 | S35 | 90 | 101.3 | 1 | 7.496 |
Table 7 embodiment 3 circulation thermodynamic performance (basic working medium ammonia concn is 0.23)
| Split ratio | | 0.6 | Export cold fire and use (kW) | 46.7 |
| | 0.96 | Input heat (kW) | 3509.5 | |
| Steam turbine power (kW) | 754.3 | Import showing tremendous enthusiasm usefulness (kW) | 1361.5 | |
| Pump power (kW) | 17 | The thermal efficiency (%) | 27.3 | |
| Net power output (kW) | 737.3 | Fire efficient (%) | 57.6 | |
| Output cold (kW) | 203.8 | |||
Annotate:
Split ratio is meant the outlet stream gang S11 of current divider 17 and the ratio of the mass flowrate of import stream gang S9 in the table 5;
Split ratio refers to the outlet stream gang S2 of current divider 17 and the ratio of the mass flowrate of import stream gang S1 respectively in the table 7, the outlet stream gang S20 of current divider 20 and the ratio of the mass flowrate of import stream gang S19;
Formulae of efficiency in the table 3,5,7:
The thermal efficiency=(net power output+output cold)/input heat
Fire is with the showing tremendous enthusiasm usefulness of efficient=(net power output+output cold fiery with)/import
In the above formula, export cold fire usefulness=refrigeration working medium flow rate * (evaporimeter entry and exit working medium enthalpy difference+environment temperature * evaporimeter entry and exit working medium entropy is poor)
First, the last current state enthalpy difference of input heat=thermal source logistics flow rate * thermal source
Import showing tremendous enthusiasm usefulness=thermal source logistics flow rate * (thermal source just, last current state enthalpy difference+environment temperature * thermal source is first, the last current state entropy is poor)
Wherein, the thermal source last current state is meant the thermodynamic state of thermal source logistics under environment temperature, pressure.
Claims (12)
1. the just contrary coupling of the cross still state of merit-cold alliance thermal circulation method is separated into dense ammonia steam and weak aqua ammonia after ammonia-water mixture is heated to saturated liquid state; Realize cold output and generate dense ammonia moist steam as refrigeration working medium after the condensation of wherein dense ammonia steam; Weak aqua ammonia matter enters after the power direct circulation work done, with dense ammonia moist steam condensation by mixing be the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture.
2. be used to realize the just contrary coupling circulation system of cross still state of the merit-cold alliance of the described method of claim 1, mainly comprise:
Heat exchanger, preheater, regenerator: be heat transmission equipment, realize the exchange heat between hot and cold logistics;
Waste heat boiler: heat transmission equipment makes the evaporation of work done working medium overheated;
Steam turbine: work done device, high temperature and high pressure steam working medium expand therein and realize external work done;
Condenser: under corresponding condensing pressure, be saturated liquid state with the working medium total condensation;
Rectifying column: be used for that ammonia-water mixture is carried out rectifying and separate; Overhead condenser is mainly used in rectifying is separated the dense ammonia steam total condensation obtain, partial reflux rectifying column wherein, and all the other are as refrigeration working medium; Rectifying separates required heat and directly imports from tower bottom reboiler, separate dilute ammonia solution heat absorbing part evaporation in reboiler of output at the bottom of the tower, the ammonia vapor that generates is sent rectifying column back to, and remaining dilute ammonia solution concentration further reduces and sends as the reboiler product;
Cooler: heat transmission equipment, connect rectifying column overhead condenser and choke valve respectively, crossed cold but at this by the cryogenic refrigeration working medium that evaporimeter exports from the refrigeration working medium solution of overhead condenser;
Choke valve: the expansion dropping equipment makes refrigeration working medium solution realize the throttling process of step-down, cooling by sharply expanding;
Evaporimeter: the evaporation of absorbing heat therein of refrigeration working medium solution, realize the cold output to environment;
Absorber: form by blender and condenser, the logistics of variable concentrations working medium earlier in blender blended absorbent then in condenser total condensation be saturated liquid state;
Current divider: part flow arrangement, carry out the quality shunting to the working medium logistics, to reach the purpose of regulation and control key stream mass concentration;
Above-described refrigeration working medium solution is liquor ammoniae fortis.
3. the just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of merit as claimed in claim 2-cold alliance, it is characterized in that: described single-stage ammonia absorption type kind of refrigeration cycle, adopt evaporator outlet working medium (the dense ammonia moist steam of low temperature) to replace cooling water to carry out but cold to the refrigeration working medium solution from the rectifying column overhead condenser in cooler.
4. the just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of merit as claimed in claim 2-cold alliance, it is characterized in that: the direct circulation of described ammonia-water mixture power can be adopted ammonia-water mixture Rankine power cycle or ammonia absorption type power cycle; Wherein, ammonia-water mixture Rankine power cycle adopts ammonia water mixture as working medium, and the hyperthermia and superheating ammonia vapor that will generate in waste heat boiler is sent into expansion working in the steam turbine, and its basic EGR and flow process and conventional Rankine power cycle are similar; The ammonia absorption type power cycle adopts the shunting absorption plant of being made up of current divider and absorber that working medium concentration is regulated; Concrete is by variable concentrations working medium logistics (weak aqua ammonia of basic concentration working medium, refrigeration working medium or reboiler output) being carried out the quality shunting, the variable concentrations working medium that then shunting is obtained is blended absorbent again, be condensed into working medium, to satisfy the different demands of circulation various process to concentration with new concentration.
5. the just contrary coupling of the cross still state of merit as claimed in claim 2-cold alliance circulation system is characterized in that: rectifying column and absorber for just, contrary circulation tie point, also be simultaneously just, against the cycle sharing device.
6. the just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of merit as claimed in claim 2-cold alliance, it is characterized in that: the height according to heat absorption working medium temperature levels connects layout in turn to adopting the heat exchanger of outer thermal source in the system, according to the height of energy grade heat-source energy is carried out cascade utilization.
7. the cross still state of merit-cold alliance is just against the coupling circulation system:
Comprise the contrary circulation of ammonia-water mixture Rankine power direct circulation and single-stage ammonia absorption type refrigeration, form by pump, heat exchanger, rectifying column, cooler, choke valve, evaporimeter, absorber, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, condenser; In the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture boosts through pump earlier, is heated to saturated liquid state then and sends into rectifying column and be separated into dense ammonia steam and weak aqua ammonia in heat exchanger; Wherein, dense ammonia steam is sent into cooler as refrigeration working medium and is crossed but cold after the overhead condenser total condensation, after choke valve throttling step-down, send into the evaporimeter heat absorption again and realize cold output, the dense ammonia moist steam that evaporation process generates enters cooler and the refrigeration working medium solution from overhead condenser was carried out but cold, sends into absorber at last; Rectifying column separates the weak aqua ammonia that obtains and heat the rear section evaporation in tower bottom reboiler, concentration further reduces the back and sends into the power direct circulation as work done working medium, boost and waste heat boiler evaporation is sent into the steam turbine work done after overheated through pump, absorber and dense ammonia moist steam blended absorbent are sent in the turbine exhaust steam, are condensed into the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture; External heat source heats cycle fluid through waste heat boiler, reboiler, heat exchanger successively.
8. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the contrary circulation of power direct circulation and refrigeration is that tie point is realized being connected in parallel with reboiler and absorber; Ammonia-water mixture Rankine circulation is adopted in the power direct circulation, and replaces heat exchanger and choke valve with it weak aqua ammonia of rectifying column reboiler output is carried out the heat exchange step-down, reclaims the pressure energy of step-down process by steam turbine; Adopt weak aqua ammonia as work done working medium simultaneously, reduced the exhaust steam pressure of ammonia vapor turbine.
9. the cross still state of merit-cold alliance is just against the coupling circulation system:
Comprise the contrary circulation of direct circulation of ammonia absorption type power and single-stage ammonia absorption type refrigeration, form by pump, heat exchanger, rectifying column, cooler, choke valve, evaporimeter, absorber, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, current divider; In the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture is earlier after pump boosts and low-pressure absorber, heat exchanger are heated to saturated liquid state and send into rectifying column and be separated into weak aqua ammonia and dense ammonia steam; Wherein, weak aqua ammonia heats the rear section evaporation in tower bottom reboiler, and concentration further reduces, and sends into current divider then after heat exchanger heat release and choke valve throttling step-down and is divided into two strands, sends into high pressure absorber and low-pressure absorber respectively; The dense ammonia steam of rectifying column cat head output is sent into cooler as refrigeration working medium and is crossed but coldly after the overhead condenser total condensation, send into evaporimeter heat absorption again and realize cold output after choke valve throttling step-down; The dense ammonia moist steam that evaporation process generates enters cooler and carried out but cold to the refrigeration working medium solution from overhead condenser, send at last high pressure absorber with from the weak aqua ammonia blended absorbent of current divider, be condensed into work done working medium and send into the power direct circulation, boost and the evaporation of heat exchanger, waste heat boiler is sent into the steam turbine work done after overheated through pump, the turbine exhaust steam in low-pressure absorber with from another strand weak aqua ammonia blended absorbent of current divider, total condensation is a basic concentration working medium; External heat source heats cycle fluid through waste heat boiler, reboiler, heat exchanger successively.
10. system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the contrary circulation of power direct circulation and refrigeration is that tie point is realized being connected in series with high pressure absorber and rectifying column; The ammonia absorption type power cycle is adopted in the power direct circulation, and the shunting absorption plant is made up of a current divider and two absorbers (high and low pressure absorber).Wherein, current divider will split into two strands through the weak aqua ammonia after the throttling step-down (being the reboiler product): one is sent into high pressure absorber and is work done working medium from the dense ammonia moist steam condensation by mixing of cooler, improved the working medium concentration of endothermic process: another strand weak aqua ammonia is sent into low-pressure absorber and turbine exhaust steam condensation by mixing, has reduced the turbine exhaust steam pressure.
11. the just contrary coupling circulation system of the cross still state of merit-cold alliance:
Comprise the contrary circulation of direct circulation of ammonia absorption type power and single-stage ammonia absorption type refrigeration, form by pump, heat exchanger, preheater, regenerator, rectifying column, cooler, choke valve, evaporimeter, absorber, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, current divider; Wherein, in the contrary circulation of refrigeration, the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture is divided into two strands through first current divider, presses absorber during one is sent into, and another stock-traders' know-how pump boosts and heat exchanger is heated to and sends into rectifying column after the saturated liquid state and be separated into weak aqua ammonia and dense ammonia steam; Wherein, weak aqua ammonia heats the rear section evaporation in tower bottom reboiler, and concentration further reduces, and sends into low-pressure absorber then after the heat release throttling; The dense ammonia steam of cat head output is crossed but cold as refrigeration working medium after the overhead condenser total condensation through cooler, after choke valve throttling step-down, send into the evaporimeter heat absorption again and realize cold output, the dense ammonia moist steam that evaporation process generates enters cooler the refrigeration working medium solution from overhead condenser was carried out coldly sending into second current divider after but and splitting into two strands, one sends into high pressure absorber, press absorber and basic concentration ammonia-water mixture to be mixed into work done working medium in sending into after another stock-traders' know-how throttling step-down and send into power cycle from first current divider, earlier after pump boosts and regenerator, preheater heating enters the waste heat boiler evaporation again and sends into the steam turbine expansion working after overheated; Low-pressure absorber and weak aqua ammonia blended absorbent total condensation are sent in the turbine exhaust steam after the regenerator heat release, send into high pressure absorber after boosting and be mixed into basic concentration working medium from the dense ammonia moist steam of second current divider; External heat source heats cycle fluid through waste heat boiler, reboiler, heat exchanger successively.
12. system as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: the contrary circulation of power direct circulation and refrigeration is that tie point is realized being connected in series with middle pressure absorber and high pressure absorber; The ammonia absorption type power cycle is adopted in the power direct circulation, and the shunting absorption plant is made up of two current dividers, three absorbers (high, medium and low voltage absorber), by cycle fluid being shunted and being mixed the regulation and control that realize working medium concentration again.Wherein, two current dividers are shunted to basic concentration working medium with from the dense ammonia moist steam of cooler respectively, and the tributary thigh of the two shunting gained is mixed into work done working medium in middle pressure absorber, have improved work done working medium concentration; Simultaneously, the turbine exhaust steam is mixed in low-pressure absorber with dilute ammonia solution (being the reboiler product) after the heat exchange throttling, reduced ammonia-water mixture concentration in the condensation process, the work done working medium of total condensation with from kind of refrigeration cycle through the shunting after dense ammonia moist steam in high pressure absorber, be mixed into the basic concentration ammonia-water mixture.
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| CN101922352A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal circulation system cooled by liquefied natural gas and flow |
| CN102242985A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration |
| CN102588021A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2012-07-18 | 丁雪强 | Power generating system |
| CN102721230A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-10 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermodynamic cycle system and method for ammonia water mixed working medium power cooling combined supply |
| CN103267384A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-28 | 山东大学 | Ammonia power or refrigerating composite circulating system with adjustable output cold power ratio |
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| US4489563A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-12-25 | Kalina Alexander Ifaevich | Generation of energy |
| US5555738A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-09-17 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Ammonia absorption refrigeration cycle for combined cycle power plant |
| JP2752334B2 (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1998-05-18 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Exhaust heat recovery system |
| JP4465439B2 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2010-05-19 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | Power generation / refrigeration system |
| JP2001248936A (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2001-09-14 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Exhaust heat absorbing refrigeration system |
| DE10214183C1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-05-08 | Siemens Ag | Drive mechanism, for refrigeration, has absorption refrigeration machine connected to steam turbine, operated by steam extracted from turbine, preferably from low pressure part of turbine |
| CN1219181C (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2005-09-14 | 北京化工大学 | Ammonia water absorption type power and refrigerating composite circulation method |
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| CN101922352A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-22 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermal circulation system cooled by liquefied natural gas and flow |
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| CN102242985A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration |
| CN102242985B (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-05-29 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Mixed working medium thermal circulating system and method for power and refrigeration cogeneration |
| CN102721230A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-10 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Thermodynamic cycle system and method for ammonia water mixed working medium power cooling combined supply |
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| CN111550376A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-18 | 山东大学 | Solar-driven adjustable power-cooling combined supply system and method |
| CN111550376B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-07-27 | 山东大学 | Solar-driven adjustable power-cooling combined supply system and method |
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