CN1943367A - 一种牛羊复合初乳配方及早期大剂量灌注法 - Google Patents
一种牛羊复合初乳配方及早期大剂量灌注法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于牛羊早期饲养管理技术领域,具体涉及到一种能提高犊牛和羔羊免疫力和成活率及增长率的复合初乳配方及早期大剂量灌注法。其目的是要解决现有技术存在的因哺食初乳不足和初乳中缺硒而导致犊牛、羔羊生长发育不良或发生白肌病而快速死亡的问题。为克服现有技术存在的问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种牛羊复合初乳配方,是在每千克初乳中加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.2~0.3毫升,医用维生素A0.5~1毫升、医用维生素E0.5-1毫升,初乳选用牛或羊产后3天内的初乳。基于上述复合初乳的早期大剂量灌注法:是在首次自然哺乳或人工哺乳后6小时,每隔6小时灌服牛羊复合初乳一次。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于牛羊早期饲养管理技术领域,具体涉及到一种能提高犊牛和羔羊免疫力和成活率及增长率的复合初乳配方及早期大剂量灌注法。
技术背景:
早在几千年前,牧人就知道新生仔畜(如羔羊、犊牛)必须摄食母畜产仔后第一次所分泌的乳汁(即初乳),否则很难成活。1892年,Paul Ehrilich将这一现象解释为初乳作为载体将“Antikorpern”由母亲传递给幼仔,后来通过研究发现乳汁对幼仔的被动保护作用分2个阶段,第一阶段为初乳对系统感染的保护作用;第二阶段为常乳在新生儿发育过程中对肠道感染的保护作用。1946年Smity发现牛初乳的这一保护性物质主要是免疫球蛋白G(IgG);1957年Lundsford等人发现人初乳中的主要保护性物质为免疫球蛋白A(IgA)。哺乳动物乳汁中的免疫球蛋白在生物进化过程中为其幼仔提供被动免疫保护,因刚出生的幼仔自身免疫系统还不完善。对于人,在婴儿未出生之前,母体的免疫球蛋白(Ig),可以通过胎盘转移到胎儿,出生后则是通过乳汁进一步传递这一免疫物质。牛初乳呈黄色,有苦味和异臭味,耐热性能差,加热至60℃以上即开始形成凝块,因此不能用于一般的乳制品加工,被列入生理异常乳的范畴。随着科学技术的发展,科学家们发现,牛初乳中含有多种生物活性物质,如免疫球蛋白(Ig)、乳铁蛋白(Lf)、溶菌酶(Lz)、乳过氧化物酶(Lp)、血清白蛋白(BSA)等,其中免疫球蛋白的含量最高,主要是LgG。近些年来,利用含有免疫球蛋白活性因子的食品提高人体的免疫力,预防某些疾病取得了一定的效果,使得开发含有免疫球蛋白的具有保健功效的功能性食品成为食品研究的一大热点。
许多证据表明,一种动物的乳汁不仅可为其自身的幼儿提供免疫保护,而且还可用于为其他不同动物种间免疫协调的跨跃是免疫牛乳为人和其动物所利用的基础。在畜牧领域,将奶牛产生1-5天的奶叫初乳,初乳是一种生理异常乳,虽与常乳组成大致相同,但含量差异很大,尤其是干物质、乳脂肪、乳蛋白、免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶等成分含量高。在产后第1-2天的初乳中,初乳干物质为18%左右,乳脂率6%上下,乳蛋白8%以上,其中酪蛋白4.5%,白蛋白1.1%,免疫球蛋白4.2%以上,但4天后含量几乎下降为零。
综上所述,犊牛、羔羊在生后早吃初乳、吃足初乳是获取母体免疫力,提高疾病抵抗力、成活率、增长率的关键。据我们新近研究证明,牛羊等哺乳动物的小肠毛细血管在生后48小时内具有吸收免疫球蛋白等大分子的能力,但在生后48小时后,犊牛和羔羊小肠毛细血管通透性变小,这种吸收大分子蛋白的能力急剧下降,甚至吸收率降为10%以下。显而易见,在犊牛和羔羊产后48小时哺食足量初乳是吸收免疫球蛋白等大分子生物活性物质的关键。
近几年来,随着牛羊改良技术的普及,犊牛和羔羊生长发育加快,但在许多地方都发现,增重快的犊牛和羔羊易发生白肌病而快速死亡或在成长过程中更易产生生长发育不良的问题。因而,现在的喂养技术因哺食初乳不足,不能充分发挥初乳增强犊牛、羔羊免疫力和抗病力的独特作用,同时还会因初乳中缺硒而导致犊牛、羔羊生长发育不良或发生白肌病而快速死亡。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是要提供一种牛羊复合初乳配方及早期大剂量灌注法,以解决现有技术存在的因哺食初乳不足和初乳中缺硒而导致犊牛、羔羊生长发育不良或发生白肌病而快速死亡的问题。
为克服现有技术存在的问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种牛羊复合初乳配方,是在每千克初乳中加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.2~0.3毫升,医用维生素A0.5~1毫升、医用维生素E0.5-1毫升,初乳选用牛或羊产后3天内的初乳。
基于上述复合初乳的早期大剂量灌注法:是将复合初乳加热到食用温度,在首次自然哺乳或人工哺乳后6小时,采用胃管插管灌服,每隔6小时灌服一次,每次灌服量:羔羊0.5~1千克、犊牛2~3千克,连续2天,期间仍可进行自然哺乳或人工哺乳。
复合初乳加热到42~45℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:
1、充分利用初乳独特的免疫特点:初乳含有大量的免疫球蛋白,加之,犊牛、羔羊具有在生后48小时可大量吸收大分子物质的独特生理特性,通过采用人工灌服方式增加初乳哺乳量,以提高犊牛、羔羊的免疫力、抗病力和增长力。
2、互补和协同作用强:在许多地方牛羊初乳中缺乏微量元素硒,即就是大量哺食了初乳,还会因缺硒发生白肌病,造成犊牛、羔羊的大量死亡。研究表明,白肌病的产生及出现营养不良的问题是因缺少营养硒和维生素E和A造成的,这三者均为强抗氧化剂。维生素E和A的生物学作用除抗不育外,还参与稳定膜结构及调节膜结合酶活性,通过抗氧化作用,防止生物膜的不饱和脂肪酸氧化和过氧化及清除自由基,实现对膜结构的保护效应。硒在一方面通过形成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)分解过氧化物,防止其对细胞膜的过氧化破坏反应,以保护细胞膜,而在另一方面它能加强维生素E和A的抗氧化作用,三者在这一生理功能方面具有协同作用。硒和维生素E及A缺乏时,GSH-PX活性降低,维生素E和A含量减少,体内产生的过氧化物蓄积,使细胞膜性结构受过氧化物的毒性损害而遭受破坏,细胞的完整性丧失,组织器官呈现变质性变化。这些变化引起相应的机能改变,出现一系列的临床症状与表现,病变组织器官机能紊乱及其相互影响,促使病程、病变进一步发展,最终导致发病牛羊生长发育不良,严重时会因心肌变白而死亡。本发明通过研制的含有含硒、维生素E、维生素A等生物活性成份的复合初乳,通过互补和协同作用,可以在增加初乳食用量的同时,达到提高犊牛、羔羊免疫力、成活率、增重率和预防白肌病的目的。
3、本发明简单易行,成本低廉,效果显著,不仅适宜在广大牛羊养殖场使用,而且也可在广大养殖户中推广。
具体实施方式:
为了更清楚理解本发明,以下通过发明人给出的依本发明技术方案所完成的具体实施方法,对本发明作进一步的详细描述,这些仅是本发明较好的实施的例证之一,但不限于这些实施例。
实施例1:在奶牛产后1小时左右应让犊牛自然哺乳。在奶牛产后6-72小时内分次将初乳挤出,在每千克初乳中添加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.3毫升和医用维生素A1.0毫升、医用维生素E1.0毫升,混合在奶桶中,用消毒棒搅匀后,放在加层水浴锅中快速加热,待奶温达42℃时立刻取出,用胃管插管灌服哺喂,每隔6小时灌服一次,连续2天,根据犊牛的体重,每次灌服2~3千克,其中大部分灌服量在2.5千克以下,只有极少非常健壮的犊牛可按每次灌服3千克,期间仍可进行自然哺乳或人工哺乳。经过对比分析表明,35头犊牛按本方法灌注复合初乳后,仅1头犊牛在45日龄因贪食精料而拉稀,而26头未灌服复合初乳的犊牛有17头发生拉稀等疾病,多支出医疗费632元,另有6头因生长缓慢,体重未达标而淘汰。对比分析还表明,喂复合初乳组在3月龄断奶时平均体重比对照组多增重6.5千克。
实施例2:在奶牛产后6-72小时内分次将初乳挤出,在每千克初乳中添加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.2毫升和医用维生素A0.5毫升、医用维生素E0.5毫升。实施例2与实施例1相比,以实施例1为佳。
实施例3:在羊产后1小时立即让羔羊自然哺食初乳。在产后6-72小时内分次将初乳挤出,在每千克初乳中添加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.2毫升和医用维生素A0.5毫升、医用维生素E0.5毫升,混合在奶桶中,用消毒棒搅匀后,放在加层水浴锅中快速加热,待奶温达42℃时立刻取出,用胃管分批灌服,每隔6小时灌服一次,连续2天,根据羔羊的体重,每次0.5~1千克,其中大部分灌服量在0.85千克以下,只有极少非常健壮的羔羊可按每次1千克灌服,期间仍可进行自然哺乳或人工哺乳。经过对比分析表明,22只羔羊按本方法灌注复合初乳后,仅2只羔羊在35日龄因贪食精料而拉稀,而12只未灌服复合初乳的羔羊有8只发生拉稀等疾病,多支出医疗费212元,另有5只因体重未达标而淘汰。对比分析还表明,灌喂复合初乳组在3月龄断奶时平均体重比对照组多增重2.3千克。
实施例4:在羊产后6-72小时内分次将初乳挤出,在每千克初乳中添加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.3毫升和医用维生素A1.0毫升、医用维生素E1.0毫升。实施例4与实施例3相比,以实施例3为佳。
Claims (3)
1、一种牛羊复合初乳配方,是在每千克初乳中加医用0.2%的亚硒酸钠溶液0.2~0.3毫升,医用维生素A0.5~1.0毫升、医用维生素E0.5~1.0毫升,初乳选用牛或羊产后3天内的初乳。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种牛羊复合初乳配方的早期大剂量灌注法,其特征在于:是将复合初乳加热到食用温度,在首次自然哺乳或人工哺乳后,采用胃管插管灌服哺食,每隔6小时灌服一次,每次灌服量是羔羊0.5~1.0千克、犊牛2~3千克,连续2天,期间仍可进行自然哺乳或人工哺乳。
3、如权利要求2所述的早期大剂量灌注法,其特征在于:复合初乳加热到42~45℃。
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CN108185167A (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-22 | 普安县凯升农业发展有限公司 | 一种哺乳期白山羊饲料及其制备方法 |
CN110140690A (zh) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-20 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | 一种初生羔羊人工哺乳的方法 |
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CN108185167A (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-22 | 普安县凯升农业发展有限公司 | 一种哺乳期白山羊饲料及其制备方法 |
CN110140690A (zh) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-20 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | 一种初生羔羊人工哺乳的方法 |
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