CN1940091A - Process and apparatus for utilizing medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion-supporting coal gas and air in hot-air stove - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for utilizing medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion-supporting coal gas and air in hot-air stove Download PDFInfo
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- CN1940091A CN1940091A CN 200610032392 CN200610032392A CN1940091A CN 1940091 A CN1940091 A CN 1940091A CN 200610032392 CN200610032392 CN 200610032392 CN 200610032392 A CN200610032392 A CN 200610032392A CN 1940091 A CN1940091 A CN 1940091A
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Abstract
A process and apparatus by medium-temperature smoke preheated and combustion-supporting air and gas in hot-air furnace are disclosed. The process is carried out by mixing medium-temperature smoke with low-temperature smoke or heat exchanging to obtain high-heat value smoke, preheating to obtain high-heat value combustion-supporting air and gas, setting smoke outlet in medium-temperature area of regenerative chamber, gas-flow exchanging and leading out preheated combustion-supporting air and gas partially. It's cheap, simple, has more heat efficiency and occupies less space.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of can be used for iron-smelting process, utilize warm flue gas carries out preheating in the hotblast stove to combustion air and coal gas technology and specific equipment.
Background technology
How improving the blast furnace feeding wind-warm syndrome, is the urgent subject that current ironmaking worker is faced: on the one hand, because the shortage of coking coal resource requires blast-furnace smelting need increase injecting coal quantity, thereby reduce ratio of putting coke into furnace.But after blast-furnace smelting increases injecting coal quantity, can bring the air port temperature of combustion to reduce, coal combustion rate descends.For guaranteeing to increase the metallurgical effect behind the injecting coal quantity, can adopt oxygen enriching process.But domestic Steel Plant can be subjected to the restriction of the reasons such as increase of the restriction of oxygen source more than needed and smelting cost usually, and high oxygen enriching process also is difficult to extensively be promoted at short notice.Therefore, improving the blast furnace feeding wind-warm syndrome is current reduction ratio of putting coke into furnace, the effective and economic measure that increases injecting coal quantity, also is inevitable choice.On the other hand, along with the maximization of blast furnace, the raising of the continuous improvement of material condition and the level of smelting, blast furnace gas calorific value is in continuous dilution; And the general awkward situation that faces of Steel Plant is: the coal gas of high heating value (coke-oven gas) shortage, and low-calorie coal gas (blast furnace gas) is more than needed.Therefore, the reality that present steel factory is faced is how to utilize low-calorie blast furnace gas, makes hotblast stove obtain high wind-warm syndrome.This is the important topic of pendulum in face of the ironmaking worker.
Make hotblast stove obtain high wind-warm syndrome, must improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove; And to improve temperature of combustion, must improve the chemical energy and the physical energy of combustion medium.Under the constant situation of chemical energy, then must manage to improve its physical energy.For many years, the ironmaking worker adopts the single fire blast furnace gas to obtain high wind-warm syndrome to hotblast stove and has done a large amount of exploration and practices, and its main contents and form are summarized as follows:
1, utilize the waste heat of the hotblast stove after blowing to carry out the combustion air preheating, with the temperature of combustion that improves hotblast stove (as 1988, Beijing: metallurgical industry is published, " regenerative hot blast stove " that Xiang Zhongyong, Guo Qingdi write), this method complex process, and every blast furnace must have the above hotblast stove of all the people present, is difficult to promote in reality.
2, adopt preposition flue gas stove technology.This technology is divided into two kinds: (1) utilizes the chance of blast furnace reformation, newly-built hotblast stove, the old hot-blast furnace transformation of eliminating is become preposition flue gas stove and double as interchanger, the combustion air of hot blast stove burning is preheating to certain temperature, improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove, as (" ironmaking " 2004 (2): 15-18 of No. 2 blast furnaces of Shoudu Iron and Steel Co." No. 2 blast furnaces of Shoudu Iron and Steel Co utilize putting into practice of old hotblast stove warm-up combustion-supporting air " that Huang Donghui, Han Xiangdong write); (2) newly-built preposition flue gas stove, in the generation warm flue gas by preheater with the combustion air of hot blast stove burning and gas preheating to certain temperature, improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove, as (" ironmaking " 2004 (1): 53-56 of Anshan iron and steel plant, Baosteel and Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co.." the hotblast stove front preheating process The Application of Technology " that Liu Gaogao, Yuan Xizhi, Wu Qiuting write).Adopt the technology of preposition flue gas stove, can make the dome temperature of hotblast stove reach 1400 ℃～1450 ℃, go into the stove wind-warm syndrome and reach 1200 ℃～1250 ℃, obtained effect in practice.But also there are the following problems: 1. technology more complicated, take up an area of big.The blast furnace of the general property transformed arranges that because of being subjected to the restriction in place flue gas stove and pipeline thereof are extremely difficult; The poor thermal efficiency of 2. preposition flue gas stove, whether worthwhile economically from the angle of energy utilization, need to do further demonstration.Because of the Energy conversion of this technology many link of one flue gas stove, and the temperature of flue gas stove generally is controlled at below 1000 ℃, adopts blast furnace gas to burn the stove higher coefficient of excess air of still needing, low-calorie coal gas heat content still can not be given full play to.3. after the hotblast stove dome temperature improves, the problem of bringing funnel temperature to raise.For guaranteeing the temperature safe in utilization of fire grate pillar, hotblast stove needs suitably to increase heating surface.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of more energy-conservation, lower-cost utilize medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and coal gas craft in the hotblast stove.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: at first, warm area draws that warm flue gas in the part mixes with low-temperature flue gas that normal flue is discharged or heat exchange obtains higher calorific value flue gas and passes through interchanger warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas from hotblast stove, thereby obtain having the combustion air and the coal gas of higher calorific value, to improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove; Then, according to the thermal characteristics of regenerator and gas flow, characteristic distributions, the flue gas leading point is located at burns between the campaign in the regenerator warm area air-flow place on the low side and draw in advance, reduced its air-flow resistance and decreased, increase its gas flow, make the air-flow of regenerator section be tending towards even; Adopt to have at lower section in this place again and hold the checker brick that remove function, allow gas level flow and exchange, part is drawn with warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas.Adopt lagging material in the flue, and be provided with and draw flue, at the high temperature section warm-up combustion-supporting air of mixed flue gas, at the low-temperature zone preheating gas; Or mixed flue gas while warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas; Or flue and additional flue, the independent warm-up combustion-supporting air of middle temperature flue gas of drawing, stack gases preheating gas are drawn in setting.Also can be from chamber of hot-blast stove warm area extension flue gas.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of more energy-conservation, lower-cost equipment that is used for utilizing hotblast stove medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and gas process.The technical scheme that is adopted is: gas preheating device 1 is through hotblast stove 2 logical flue gas heat exchanges 3, and air preheater 4 is through hotblast stove 2 logical flue gas heat exchanges 3.Described hotblast stove 2 is formed in parallel by the hotblast stove more than 2 or 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: it mixes (or not mixing) its combustion air of smoke pre-heating and coal gas by low temperature and the middle temperature of utilizing hotblast stove, makes the blast furnace feeding wind-warm syndrome reach 1250 ℃.Its technology is simple, and reduced investment is taken up an area of few.With energy rationally, it is few to transform link, therefore, and its thermo-efficiency height; As calculated, can improve 160 ℃ of temperature of combustion, only need increase blast furnace gas quantity combusted 16-17%.And technology is reasonable, but the burning stove time of shortening heat wind furnace regenerator plane section overdraught is evenly distributed, improve hotblast stove efficient.It is applicable to the hotblast stove newly-built and property transformed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the equipment connection structure synoptic diagram that is used for hotblast stove warm-up combustion-supporting air and gas process.
Embodiment
Utilize the useless flue gas of burning of hotblast stove to adopt the technology of hot tube heat exchanger warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas to gradually spread in the domestic Steel Plant of eighties of last century the eighties and the nineties, usually the flue-gas temperature of hotblast stove discharge is at 280 ℃-300 ℃, empty, coal gas can be preheated to about 160 ℃ simultaneously, improve about 70 ℃ of blast furnace feeding wind-warm syndrome.To improve its pre-heat effect further, need flue-gas temperature is improved.This technology is intended to improve effectively flue-gas temperature, makes combustion air and coal gas after the heat exchange reach certain heat content, improves the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove, thus obtain 1250 ℃ go into the stove wind-warm syndrome.Fig. 1 is seen in its technical process.
At first, warm area draws that warm flue gas in the part mixes with low-temperature flue gas that normal flue is discharged or heat exchange obtains higher calorific value flue gas and passes through interchanger warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas from hotblast stove, thereby obtain having the combustion air and the coal gas of higher calorific value, to improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove; Then, according to the thermal characteristics of regenerator and gas flow, characteristic distributions, for example according to the air-flow characteristic distributions in the Cowper stove regenerator: left-right symmetry and front and back asymmetry, on air with the asymmetry of burning phase; The flue gas leading point is located at burns between the campaign in the regenerator warm area air-flow place on the low side and draw in advance, reduced its air-flow resistance and decreased, increase its gas flow, make the air-flow of regenerator section be tending towards even; Adopt to have at lower section in this place again and hold the checker brick that remove function, allow gas level flow and exchange, part is drawn with warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas.Adopt lagging material in the flue, and be provided with and draw flue, at the high temperature section warm-up combustion-supporting air of mixed flue gas, at the low-temperature zone preheating gas; Or mixed flue gas while warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas; Or flue and additional flue, the independent warm-up combustion-supporting air of middle temperature flue gas of drawing, stack gases preheating gas are drawn in setting.Also warm area extension flue gas from chamber of hot-blast stove only.The equipment of described process using connects: the logical flue gas heat exchange 3 in blast furnace gas ventilating coal gas primary heater unit 1 logical hotblast stove 2 burning backs, air leads to flue gas heat exchange 3 through air preheater 4 logical hotblast stoves 2 combustion-supporting backs.Described hotblast stove 2 is formed in parallel by the hotblast stove more than 2 or 2.Consult Fig. 2.
1, process calculation
The data of process calculation are according to No. 4 blast furnace (1800m of our company
3) the inner experiment of maintaining secrecy gets.For guaranteeing 1250 ℃ of blast furnace feeding wind-warm syndrome, the theoretical combustion temperature of hotblast stove is by 1500 ℃ of considerations.Calculation result is as follows:
One of calculation result: 800 ℃ middle temperature exhaust gas volumn～40%, the normal average flue gas of discharging of hotblast stove is 300 ℃ of its amount～60%, both mixed temperature are～520 ℃.After the interchanger heat exchange, combustion air temperature is 445 ℃, and gas temperature is 270 ℃, and the spent air temperture that interchanger is discharged is 180 ℃.Heat exchange calculation result sees Table 1.
Table 1: (calorific value unit is kcal/m to the heat exchange reckoner
3)
| Orifice coefficient | Initial temperature | The physics calorific value | The heat exchange temperature | The physics calorific value | The heat exchange temperature | The physics calorific value | |
| Air | 0.667 | 20℃ | 4.13 | 445℃ | 94.7 | ||
| Coal gas | 1 | 35℃ | 11.42 | 270℃ | 90.93 | ||
| Flue gas | 1.54 | 520℃ | 289.76 | 350℃ | 189.66 | 180℃ | 94.74 |
Two: 900 ℃ middle temperature exhaust gas volumn～32% of calculation result, the normal average flue gas of discharging of hotblast stove is 300 ℃ of its amount～68%, both mixed temperature are 500 ℃.After the interchanger heat exchange, combustion air temperature is 330 ℃, and gas temperature is 330 ℃, and the spent air temperture that interchanger is discharged is 160 ℃.Heat exchange calculation result sees Table 2.
Table 2: (calorific value unit is kcal/m to the heat exchange reckoner
3)
| Orifice coefficient | Initial temperature | The physics calorific value | The heat exchange temperature | The physics calorific value | |
| Air | 0.667 | 20℃ | 4.13 | 330℃ | 69.44 |
| Coal gas | 1 | 35℃ | 11.42 | 330℃ | 112.09 |
| Flue gas | 1.54 | 500℃ | 277.63 | 160℃ | 84.14 |
Our company's blast furnace gas chemical energy is 751.08kcal/m
3, the gas fume after burning heat content of one of calculation result is 751.08+94.7+94.74=940.52kcal/m
3Coal gas, and the heat content of theoretical combustion temperature when being 1500 ℃ is 934.39kcal/m
3So calculation result can satisfy 1250 ℃ wind-warm syndrome requirement.Two gas fume after burning heat content of calculation result is 751.08+69.44+112.09=932.61kcal/m
3Coal gas also can meet the demands.
2, process characteristic
(1) warm flue gas mixed or does not mix the higher calorific value flue gas of acquisition by interchanger warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas with the low-temperature flue gas that normal flue is discharged during warm area drew partly from hotblast stove, obtain having the combustion air and the coal gas of higher calorific value, to improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove.The high heating value of the middle temperature flue gas of this part makes full use of for regenerator.Therefore, from angle, be rational with energy.Though, give combustion air and coal gas with the thermal energy transfer of middle temperature flue gas, (by pipeline and interchanger) needs the loss part energy in the conversion process of industry, changes into high potential (obtaining high wind-warm syndrome with low-calorie coal gas) but will hang down potential energy, and this cost must be paid.According to the result of aforementioned calculation, hot blast stove burning need increase coal gas amount 16-17%.
By present common combustion air and gas preheating method, promptly carry out preheating with the normal useless flue gas of discharging of hotblast stove, can only obtain～160 ℃ combustion air and coal gas, the theoretical combustion temperature of hotblast stove can only reach 1340 ℃, than this technology low～160 ℃.This technology only increases coal combustion tolerance 16～17%, and is very worthwhile beyond doubt.
(2) how from chamber of hot-blast stove warm position draw flue gas, be the key link of implementing this technology.According to the thermal characteristics of regenerator and gas flow, characteristic distributions, this technology has been done following consideration:
1. the flue gas leading point determines.Air-flow characteristic distributions in the Cowper stove regenerator is left-right symmetry and front and back asymmetry, on air with the asymmetry of burning phase.Therefore, the flue gas leading point should be located at and burn between the campaign warm area air-flow place on the low side in the regenerator.Draw in advance because of this place's gas, reduced its air-flow resistance and decreased, just in time can increase its gas flow, make the air-flow of regenerator section be tending towards even.So the reasonable setting of leading point can promote the rationalization that the hotblast stove air-flow distributes.
2. in order to allow flue gas flow out smoothly from the leading point, the checker brick that go up in the lower section certain limit at this place need be made particular design, and this brick had both had and holds the function that removes, and can allow gas level flow again, and good stability.
(3) heat exchange form.According to the practical situation of each factory, can select neatly: the 1. high temperature section warm-up combustion-supporting air of mixed flue gas, low-temperature zone preheating gas; 2. simultaneously warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas of mixed flue gas; The independent warm-up combustion-supporting air of middle temperature flue gas of 3. drawing, the stack gases preheating gas.1. 2. need set up and draw flue, and transform original flue, strengthen its insulation; 3. then draw the flue, need set up flue in addition, and original system does not change substantially except that setting up.Old hotblast stove may be because of being subjected to the restriction of hotblast stove spacing, and the fairlead between two hotblast stoves is interfered, and can adjust processing during technological design.
(4) technological operation.Behind chamber of hot-blast stove extension flue gas, burn the stove characteristic and will bring partial noticeable change.The existing hot blast stove burning later stage needs to reduce coal combustion tolerance for the temperature rise of control fire grate pillar, to control its temperature, makes and burns the stove time lengthening.This technology is because of behind middle warm area extension flue gas, T during the hot blast stove burning (temperature)-H (highly) figure the platform flex point occurred at this place, just solved the problem of fire grate pillar temperature rise, this problem will no longer become or no longer become basically strengthens the limiting element that burns stove, burns the stove time thereby shorten.
Want to improve greatly the temperature of combustion of low calorie fuels, except that controlling well other parameter (as oxygen concn, coefficient of excess etc.) of incendiary combustion-supporting medium, the temperature that improves combustion-supporting medium and fuel is very effective way.This technology proposes middle medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and the coal gas with hotblast stove self, makes the hotblast stove of single fire blast furnace gas obtain high wind-warm syndrome.Has its significant advantage with respect to existing other technology.
Claims (7)
1, a kind ofly utilizes medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and coal gas craft in the hotblast stove, it is characterized in that: warm area draws that warm flue gas in the part mixes with low-temperature flue gas that normal flue is discharged or heat exchange obtains higher calorific value flue gas and passes through interchanger warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas from hotblast stove, thereby obtain having the combustion air and the coal gas of higher calorific value, to improve the temperature of combustion of hotblast stove; According to the thermal characteristics of regenerator and gas flow, characteristic distributions, the flue gas leading point is located at burns between the campaign in the regenerator warm area air-flow place on the low side and draw in advance, reduced its air-flow resistance and decreased, increase its gas flow, make the air-flow of regenerator section be tending towards even; Adopt to have at lower section in this place and hold the checker brick that remove function, allow gas horizontal flow exchange, part is drawn with warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas.
2, according to claim 1ly utilize medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and coal gas craft in the hotblast stove, it is characterized in that: flue adopts lagging material, and is provided with and draws flue, at the high temperature section warm-up combustion-supporting air of mixed flue gas, at the low-temperature zone preheating gas.
3, according to claim 1ly utilize medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and coal gas craft in the hotblast stove, it is characterized in that: flue adopts lagging material, and is provided with and draws flue, and mixed flue gas is warm-up combustion-supporting air and coal gas simultaneously.
4, according to claim 1ly utilize medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and coal gas craft in the hotblast stove, it is characterized in that: flue adopts lagging material, and flue and additional flue, the independent warm-up combustion-supporting air of middle temperature flue gas of drawing, stack gases preheating gas are drawn in setting.
5, according to claim 1ly utilize medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and coal gas craft in the hotblast stove, it is characterized in that: warm area extension flue gas from chamber of hot-blast stove.
6, be used for the described equipment that utilizes hotblast stove medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and gas process of claim 1, it is characterized in that: gas preheating device (1) is through the logical flue gas heat exchange (3) of hotblast stove (2), and air preheater (4) is through the logical flue gas heat exchange (3) of hotblast stove (2).
7, the equipment that utilizes medium-temperature smoke pre-heating combustion air and gas process in the hotblast stove according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: hotblast stove (2) is formed in parallel by the hotblast stove more than 2 or 2.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105238901A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Multipurpose hot blast stove high-temperature preheating system |
| CN107488771A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-19 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | A kind of blast-furnace hot-air furnace system |
| CN110283957A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-27 | 首钢集团有限公司 | A kind of steel system oxygen-enriched combusting method |
| CN111088411A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-01 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Air convection heat preservation method for blast furnace hot blast stove |
-
2006
- 2006-10-11 CN CN 200610032392 patent/CN1940091A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105238901A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Multipurpose hot blast stove high-temperature preheating system |
| CN107488771A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-19 | 四川德胜集团钒钛有限公司 | A kind of blast-furnace hot-air furnace system |
| CN110283957A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-27 | 首钢集团有限公司 | A kind of steel system oxygen-enriched combusting method |
| CN111088411A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-01 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Air convection heat preservation method for blast furnace hot blast stove |
| CN111088411B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-03-25 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Air convection heat preservation method for blast furnace hot blast stove |
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