CN1938240A - Concrete composition, process for producing the same, method of regulating viscosity, and method of constructing cast-in-place concrete pile from the concrete composition - Google Patents
Concrete composition, process for producing the same, method of regulating viscosity, and method of constructing cast-in-place concrete pile from the concrete composition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In producing a concrete composition by adding a thickening admixture to cement, water, and an aggregate and kneading them, use is made as the thickening admixture of an additive which comprises a first water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and a second water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) and which is an additive selected among additives in which the combinations of the compounds (A) and (B) respectively are: a combination of a compound (A) selected among amphoteric surfactants and a compound (B) selected among anionic surfactants; a combination of a compound (A) selected among cationic surfactants and a compound (B) selected among anionic aromatic compounds; and a combination of a compound (A) selected among cationic surfactants and a compound (B) selected among boron compounds. Thus, a concrete composition can be obtained which is usable for, e.g., an extruded concrete lining material in the shield tunneling technique and is excellent not only in early strength but in water resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that early epistasis, flowability and anti-material segregation are good, and water tolerance and the also good concrete composition of leveling property and manufacture method, method of regulating viscosity and the construction method that uses the in situ concrete pile of this concrete composition certainly.
Background technology
As shown in Figure 6, go forward side by side in the construction method as the excavation lining cutting of one of constructing tunnel method, 32 pairs natural 40 on the main cutting cutter in panel 31 fronts by being arranged at shield excavation machine 30 excavates, and install at its rear portion inner formword 33,33 ... between natural 40 and above-mentioned inner formword 33, apply force of compression by pressurization screw block 35 when excavating across side plate 34, casting concrete is constructed the lining concrete 36 with above-mentioned natural 40 driving fit simultaneously.For the employed concrete of above-mentioned constructional method, in the time of early strength after requiring to build, be that requirement is to phreatic water tolerance (for example, referring to patent documentation 1) under the situation on water burst stratum particularly at above-mentioned natural 40.
Promptly, when above-mentioned shield excavation machine 30 being advanced by propelling screw block 37, the reactive force of shield structure is carried on has built on the above-mentioned concrete inner formword 33, so also need desired adhesion strength at the initial stage of building between 36 of above-mentioned inner formword 33 and the above-mentioned lining concretes, therefore above-mentioned concrete required the expression power (epistasis early) of required short term strength and satisfy the water tolerance of target strength during for placing in underground water.
In addition, the pipeline force feed that the general never illustrated concrete pump of above-mentioned concrete passes through about 3 inches of diameters is to concrete placement pipe 38, and therefore necessary flowability, anti-material segregation and the pump pressure property sent are also good.
At present, as the employed concrete of above-mentioned constructional method, for example can exemplify in the high-flowing concrete and water not segregability concrete etc.
High-flowing concrete does not adopt vibrator to carry out compacting and can fill in template reliably yet, be early epistasis, flowability, concrete that anti-material segregation is good, in cement, water, aggregate, add concrete such as high-performance AE water reducer with chemical mixture to improve flowability, add various inorganic powders and tackifier simultaneously to improve anti-material segregation.
On the other hand, the water that is used for constructing oceanic tectonic thing or submerged tunnel etc. not the segregability concrete by in cement, water, aggregate, mixing in the water that water-soluble polymer with cellulose family or acrylic acid or the like is a main component not segregability mixture, concrete viscosity and water tolerance are improved, even directly placing can not emanated by generating material yet, can improve the reliability of quality in water.
In addition, employed for plant cover concrete or drainage road with concrete etc., in the cement thickener, disperse coarse aggregate and the permeable concrete that is shaped, proposed to be used to improve to the tackiness of above-mentioned coarse aggregate and the permeable concrete additive (for example, referring to patent documentation 2) of homogeneous retentivity.
Above-mentioned additive is for containing the additive of the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), as the combination of above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B), select from following combination: (1) is selected from the compound (A) of amphoterics and is selected from the combination of the compound (B) of aniorfic surfactant, (2) be selected from the compound (A) of cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, (3) be selected from the compound (A) of cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of bromine compounds.The incorporation of above-mentioned additive is suitably selected according to the degree of the homogeneity in target tack and space, preferred incorporation is with respect to water cure powders such as concrete or blast-furnace slags, the summation of above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) be 0.01～1 weight %, good especially be 0.1～0.5 weight %, the permeable concrete that can obtain voidage 20～30% thus, contain the successive space, intensity is high.
Patent documentation 1: the Japanese Patent spy opens the 2003-327458 communique
Patent documentation 2: the Japanese Patent spy opens the 2003-327458 communique
The announcement of invention
In addition, for the employed concrete composition of direct casting concrete, as mentioned above, require early epistasis, flowability, anti-material segregation good, and water tolerance is also good as the shield construction method in shield construction method, particularly the water burst stratum.Early epistasis and water tolerance are two characteristics that are difficult to take into account all the time, the flowability of above-mentioned high-flowing concrete, anti-material segregation are good, and by suitably selecting concrete with chemical mixture etc., can also bring into play epistasis early, but water tolerance existing problems, when therefore carrying out placing in ground water pressure, cement is rushed out, and is difficult to guarantee as concrete enough functions.
In addition, good, mobile, the anti-material segregation of segregability concrete water tolerance is not good yet in the water, but epistasis existing problems early, therefore has the problem of the early strength of the reactive force that can't obtain to be enough to carry the shield structure.
Therefore, wish to develop have above-mentioned high-flowing concrete simultaneously morning epistasis and water in the concrete water tolerance of segregability not, mobile, anti-material segregation and from the also good water-fast concrete composition of high workability of leveling property.
If obtain the water-fast concrete composition of aforesaid high workability, then be not limited to the constructing etc. of direct casting concrete, oceanic tectonic thing and submerged tunnel etc. of constructing tunnel method, when having the phreatic local constructing concrete stake of wandering water or blowing, also can use.
The present invention finishes in view of above-mentioned problem in the past, its purpose is to provide that early epistasis, flowability and anti-material segregation are good, and water tolerance and the also good concrete composition of leveling property and manufacture method, method of regulating viscosity and the construction method that uses the in situ concrete pile of this concrete composition certainly.
The inventor conscientiously studies the back and finds, by in concrete composition, mix the above-mentioned permeable concrete additive of performance as the tackifying mixture for the good effect of the tackiness of above-mentioned aggregate and homogeneous retentivity, it is good to obtain epistasis morning, flowability and anti-material segregation, as with the also good concrete composition of water tolerance of the opposite characteristic of above-mentioned morning of epistasis, thereby finished the present invention.
Promptly, the described invention of the application's claim 1 is at cement, water, the concrete composition that adds the tackifying mixture to mix in the aggregate and obtain, it is characterized in that, use the additive that contains the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) as above-mentioned tackifying mixture, described additive is that above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) are selected from any in the additive of following combination: the combination that is selected from the compound (A) of amphoterics and is selected from the compound (B) of aniorfic surfactant, be selected from the compound (A) of cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, be selected from the compound (A) of cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of bromine compounds.
The described invention of claim 2 is the described concrete composition of claim 1, wherein, as above-mentioned tackifying mixture, use contains the mixture of compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the compound (B) that is selected from the anionic property aromatic substance, and, mix above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) with the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % respectively with respect to the unit water yield.
The described invention of claim 3 is claim 1 or the described concrete composition of claim 2, and wherein, the water cement ratio in the above-mentioned concrete composition is made as 30～60%.
The described invention of claim 4 is each described concrete composition in claim 1～claim 3, wherein, in above-mentioned concrete composition also being that the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % is mixed the concrete chemical mixture with respect to cement.
The described invention of claim 5 is the described concrete composition of claim 4, wherein, as above-mentioned concrete chemical mixture, uses carboxylic polyethers water reducer.
The described invention of claim 6 is each described concrete composition in claim 1～claim 5, wherein, as above-mentioned aggregate, use coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, and the ratio of the contained fine aggregate of above-mentioned aggregate, be that the fine aggregate rate is made as 30～45%.
The described invention of claim 7 is each described concrete composition in claim 1～claim 5, wherein, at least a portion of aggregate or all use proportion less than the aggregate of general aggregate and proportion greater than in the aggregate of general aggregate any or use two kinds simultaneously.
The described invention of claim 8 is the manufacture method of each described concrete composition in claim 1～claim 7, it is characterized in that, after above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of interpolation mixes in cement, water, aggregate, in the above-mentioned thing that mixes, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and mix once more, make above-mentioned concrete composition.
In addition, the described invention of claim 9 is the method for regulating viscosity of each described concrete composition in claim 1～claim 7, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned concrete composition, add again above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) any or add two kinds simultaneously, adjust the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition.
The described invention of claim 10 is the method for regulating viscosity of the described concrete composition of claim 9, and wherein, the initial proportioning of above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) was made as roughly 1: 1.
The described invention of claim 11 is the method for regulating viscosity of claim 9 or the described concrete composition of claim 10, wherein, under the low situation of viscosity when the viscosity ratio of above-mentioned concrete composition is made, in above-mentioned concrete composition, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A).
The described invention of claim 12 is the method for regulating viscosity of claim 9 or the described concrete composition of claim 10, wherein, building under the high situation of the viscosity of on-the-spot viscosity ratio when making of above-mentioned concrete composition added above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) in above-mentioned concrete composition.
The described invention of claim 13 is the method for regulating viscosity of each described concrete composition in claim 9～claim 12, wherein, under the situation of building by the above-mentioned concrete composition of concrete pump force feed, carry out force feed after in above-mentioned concrete composition, adding above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A).
The described invention of claim 14 is the inside that Steel Reinforcement Cage is inserted in the hole that gets out on the ground, the construction method of building the in situ concrete pile of constructing concrete stake in above-mentioned hole by conduit force feed concrete composition, it is characterized in that, use each described concrete composition in claim 1～claim 6.
The described invention of claim 15 is the construction method of the described in situ concrete pile of claim 14, wherein, just after building the concrete that has mixed above-mentioned tackifying mixture with prescribed depth at first, build the concrete that does not mix above-mentioned tackifying mixture and come the constructing concrete stake.
Adopt the present invention, when making concrete composition, in the additive that mixes as the tackifying mixture, use is selected from the additive of 2 kinds of specific water-soluble low-molecular combination of compounds, for example make up the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and be selected from the additive etc. of the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, so in water cement ratio is 30～60% wider scope, can obtain epistasis early, mobile, anti-material segregation is good, and water tolerance and the also good concrete composition of leveling property certainly.
At this moment, if above-mentioned tackifying mixture adopts the mixture that contains compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the compound (B) that is selected from the anionic property aromatic substance, and with respect to the unit water yield, mix above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) with the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % respectively, then can further improve flowability, early epistasis, water tolerance.
In addition, if in above-mentioned concrete composition, also with respect to cement be the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % mix intermiscibility with above-mentioned tackifying mixture good, concrete chemical mixture such as carboxylic polyethers water reducer, then can make it show mobile reliably and epistasis early.
In addition, if as above-mentioned aggregate, use coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, and the ratio of the contained fine aggregate of above-mentioned aggregate is made as 30～45%, then can make the concrete composition that is applicable to the shield construction method in shield construction method, particularly the water burst stratum, described concrete composition morning epistasis and water tolerance good, and the pump pressure property sent is also good.
In addition, at least a portion of aggregate or use all that proportion is big greater than the difference in specific gravity of heavy aggregate of general aggregate etc. and general aggregate less than the light skeletal of general aggregate and proportion, under the situation of the aggregate of the easy isolating different specific weight of material, also can in concrete, disperse the aggregate of above-mentioned different specific weight equably, so can construct the aggregate homogeneous dispersive concrete construction of different specific weight.
In addition, when making above-mentioned concrete composition, after above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of interpolation mixes in cement, water, aggregate, adding above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) in the above-mentioned thing that mixes mixes once more, thereby make above-mentioned concrete composition, so can make above-mentioned concrete composition efficiently.
In addition, when adjusting the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition, in above-mentioned concrete composition, do not add known tackifier and water reducer, but add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) any or add two kinds simultaneously, thereby adjust the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition, so can the characteristic of concrete composition not impacted, can easily the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition be adjusted to the viscosity of regulation.
In addition, the flowability and the water tolerance of concrete composition of the present invention are good, and leveling property is also good certainly, if construct in situ concrete pile so use this concrete composition, sneaking into of the muddy water in the time of then can significantly reducing concrete placing or the sand of hole wall etc., therefore the reinforcement ground constructing concrete stake of not only can not banketing, and also can construct the high concrete pile of reliability under the phreatic situation of wandering water or blowing existing.At this moment, if after building the concrete that has mixed above-mentioned tackifying mixture with prescribed depth just at first, build the concrete that does not mix above-mentioned tackifying mixture, thereby formation concrete pile, then can reduce the concrete usage quantity of the high price of having mixed above-mentioned tackifying mixture, can significantly reduce material cost.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of manufacture method of the employed concrete composition of the direct pouring construction method of shield structure of best mode 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of other manufacture method of concrete composition of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schema of the method for regulating viscosity of concrete composition of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the construction instruction drawing of the concrete pile of employing rotary drilling bradawl hole pouring pile construction method.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of construction method of the in situ concrete pile of best mode 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the go forward side by side synoptic diagram of an example of construction method of in the past excavation lining cutting.
The explanation of symbol
1 stirrer, 2 carrier vehicles, 3 on-vehicle concrete mixer,
10 concrete piles, 10k banket reinforcement portion,
11 high from the water-fast concrete of leveling property, 12 normal concretes,
20 grounds, 21 rotary drillings awl, 22 stable liquids, 23 borings,
24 Steel Reinforcement Cages, 25 conduits, 30 shield excavation machines,
31 panels, 32 main cutting cuttves, 33 inner formwords, 34 side plates,
35 pressurization screw block, 36 lining concretes, 37 advance screw block,
40 natural, A concrete factory, B working-yard.
The best mode that carries out an invention
Below, best mode of the present invention is described.
In the concrete composition of best mode 1 of the present invention, in early strong portland cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mix the concrete chemical mixture, as the tackifying mixture, mix and contain the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the mixture that is selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance simultaneously.As its manufacture method, at first in cement, water, fine aggregate mix concrete with chemical mixture and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), after making the thing that mixes, adding above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) in this mixes thing mixes once more, add coarse aggregate at last and mix, obtain concrete composition.
At this moment, water cement ratio (W/C) better is 30～60%.If water cement ratio is less than 30%, then viscosity height not only is mobile low, and because the ratio of cement is more, the hydration heat release is big, is easy to generate thermal cracking.In addition, if surpass 60%, in order to obtain same viscosity, must add more above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), early epistasis is low thus, so better be 30～60%, be more preferably 30～40%, good especially is about 35%.
In addition, above-mentioned fine aggregate is all by 10mm mesh screen, aggregate by the 5mm mesh screen more than 85%, coarse aggregate be more than 85% not by the aggregate of 5mm mesh screen, the aggregate that all uses effluent sand to obtain in this example also can be by acquisitions such as extra large sand, mountain sand, rubbles.
As the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) used in the present invention, better be quaternary ammonium salt cationic type tensio-active agent, good especially is to be the additive of main component with the alkylammonium salt.In addition, as the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), better be sulfonate with aromatic ring, good especially is to be the additive of main component with the alkylaryl sulfonate, as above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), can be the combination that is selected from the compound (A) of amphotericses such as dodecane acid amides CAB and is selected from the compound (B) of aniorfic surfactant such as POE (3) lauryl ether sulfuric acid, perhaps be selected from the compound (A) of above-mentioned cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of bromine compoundss such as Sodium Bromide.
In addition, if above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) are sneaked in the cement with certain certain ratio, then above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) form the plan polymkeric substance by electric assortment, above-mentioned mixture plays the effect of tackifier, improve the epistasis and fresh retentivity morning of above-mentioned concrete composition, therefore, as mentioned above, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) again after importantly interpolation the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) mixes earlier.
This is because if add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) simultaneously, then above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) can form with inhomogeneous state and intend polymkeric substance, so form with the state of homogeneous and obtain desirable characteristic in order to intend polymkeric substance, need mix for a long time.
In addition, if add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) earlier, can bubble when then mixing, concrete air capacity increases, and can cause the decline of intensity or the minimizing of proportion etc.
In this example, with respect to the unit water yield, mix above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) with the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % respectively, and above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) are sneaked in the cement with certain certain ratio (for example 2: 5～5: 2 scopes).As mentioned above, in the above-mentioned tackifying mixture, the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) are brought into play viscosifying action by forming the plan polymkeric substance, with the segregability mixture is not different in the water that usually employed water-soluble polymer with cellulose family or acrylic acid or the like is a main component, the obstruction that hydration do not occur is so can obtain in the water not segregability, fresh retentivity is good and the also good concrete composition of epistasis early.
Result of experiment is, the ratio of above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) reach 1: 1 o'clock optimum.
In addition, as above-mentioned concrete chemical mixture, can use the chemical mixture from common employed concrete and suitably select, for example polyethers water reducers such as lignin class, polycarboxylic acid, melamine class, naphthalene class or thionamic acid class, the AE water reducer, high-performance AE water reducer etc.Wherein, by with respect to above-mentioned short-term strength cement better be the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight %, good especially be that the ratio of 1.0～5.0 weight % is mixed the carboxylic polyethers water reducer good with the intermiscibility of above-mentioned tackifying mixture, not only have fresh retentivity, high workability, and can show epistasis early.
Adopt this best mode 1 like this, at cement, water, adding concrete in the aggregate mixes in the concrete composition that forms with chemical mixture and tackifying mixture, when cement uses early strong portland cement, above-mentioned tackifying mixture uses by the compound that is selected from cationic surfactant (A) and is selected from the additive that constitutes of the compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, above-mentioned concrete uses the good carboxylic polyethers water reducer of intermiscibility with above-mentioned tackifying mixture with chemical mixture, and water cement ratio is adjusted into 30%～60%, so can obtain epistasis early, mobile, anti-material segregation is good, and water tolerance and the also good concrete composition of leveling property certainly.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of manufacture method of the employed concrete composition of the direct pouring construction method of shield structure of best mode 2 of the present invention, in the concrete composition of the present invention, in cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mix the concrete chemical mixture, as the tackifying mixture, mix and contain the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the mixture that is selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance simultaneously.As its manufacture method, at first pass through the stirrer 1 of the A of concrete factory, after mix concrete is used chemical mixture and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) in cement, water, fine aggregate, adding above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) in this mixes thing mixes once more, add coarse aggregate at last and mix, make concrete composition.With this in the thing that mixes that mixes is packed the on-vehicle concrete mixer 3 of carrier vehicle 2 into, being transported to working-yard B when mixing unloads, it is loaded in the not shown concrete pump, be sent to the concrete placement pipe 38 that is connected with the above-mentioned pressurization screw block 35 that is used for casting concrete shown in Figure 6, construct lining concrete 36.
As above-mentioned cement, be not particularly limited, can use with Wingdale clay ferric oxide etc. as the normal portland cement of raw material, early strong portland cement, in portland cements such as hot portland cement, white portland cement, perhaps mixed cements such as portland blast-furnace slag cement, pulverized fuel ash cement, silicate cement are to use early strong portland cement well especially.
At this moment, same as water cement ratio (W/C) with above-mentioned best mode 1, better be 30～60%, be more preferably 30～40%, good especially is about 35%.
In addition, in order to improve flowability, anti-material segregation and the pump pressure property sent, the ratio of the fine aggregate that above-mentioned aggregate (coarse aggregate and fine aggregate) is contained, be that fine aggregate rate (S/a) better is to be made as (S/a)=30～45%.The fine aggregate rate is less than 30% or above under 45% the situation, the viscosity of cement thickener is low, and water tolerance is low.
In addition, as coarse aggregate, when using the big coarse aggregate of diameter, the unit water yield that is used to obtain the used slump is little, cost savings, but, must consider spacing of reinforcement, protective layer thickness for its overall dimension.In addition,, have then that concrete difficult treatment, material are emanated easily, the low inferior problem of the pump pressure property sent,, make it not excessive so must consider the overall dimension of coarse aggregate if overall dimension is excessive.For example, carry out under the condition of force feed with 3 inches pipelines, by water cement ratio is located at below 40%, the overall dimension of coarse aggregate is located at about 13mm, the ratio of fine aggregate (S/a) is established lowlyer than in the past, guarantees high workability, the pump pressure property sent and anti-material segregation and has the concrete of epistasis early thereby can make.
Above-mentioned fine aggregate is all by 10mm mesh screen, aggregate by the 5mm mesh screen more than 85%, and coarse aggregate is the aggregate by the 5mm mesh screen not more than 85%, generally can effluent sand, any acquisition in the extra large sand, mountain sand, rubble etc.
In addition, as above-mentioned concrete chemical mixture, same with above-mentioned best mode 1, can be from common employed concrete with suitably selecting the chemical mixture, polyethers water reducers such as lignin class, polycarboxylic acid, melamine class, naphthalene class or thionamic acid class for example, the AE water reducer, high-performance AE water reducer etc.Wherein, by with respect to above-mentioned short-term strength cement better be the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight %, good especially be that the ratio of 1.0～5.0 weight % is mixed the carboxylic polyethers water reducer good with the intermiscibility of above-mentioned tackifying mixture, can make it show epistasis early reliably.
In this example, with respect to the unit water yield, mix above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) with the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % respectively, and above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) are sneaked in the cement with certain certain ratio.
In addition, the material (mixture) of not emanating in the employed water in the segregating concrete in the water in the past causes that owing to the tackifying mixture is adsorbed in the cement particle sclerosis postpones, if but above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) are sneaked in the cement with certain certain ratio (for example 2: 5～5: 2 scopes), the electric assortment of then above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) forms the plan polymkeric substance and brings into play viscosifying action, to the not influence of cement particle, so can not cause aforesaid delay.
Therefore, can obtain to be suitable as very much concrete, good and the concrete composition of epistasis early of the direct pouring construction method of shield structure with excellent water tolerance.Result of experiment is, the ratio of above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) reach 1: 1 o'clock optimum.
In mixing, at first in cement, water, fine aggregate, add as concrete and mix with the carboxylic polyethers water reducer of chemical mixture with as the alkylaryl sodium sulfonate of the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), after making the thing that mixes, the alkylammonium salt that adds as the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) in the above-mentioned thing that mixes mixes once more, add coarse aggregate at last and mix, make concrete composition.
The concrete composition that obtains like this is early epistasis and good fluidity not only, and water tolerance is also good, so it is easy in construction underground or that water is medium, and can fully guarantee early strength and water tolerance, therefore have the direct casting concrete lining material that is enough to as the shield construction on water burst stratum.In addition, because have good pump pressure property sent and anti-material segregation, so can also realize the force feed of the 3 inches pipelines of employing in the tunnel.
In the above-mentioned best mode 2, to the situation of above-mentioned concrete composition as the direct casting concrete lining material of shield construction is illustrated, but be not limited thereto, concrete composition of the present invention also can be used for fully using in the past high-flowing concrete be difficult to adopt the vibrator compacting buildings construction or made water in the past there was not the concrete construction in the place of water in concrete oceanic tectonic thing of segregability or underground structures etc.
In addition, in the above-mentioned example, stirrer 1 by the A of concrete factory, mixed cement, water, fine aggregate, concrete chemical mixture and alkylaryl sodium sulfonate grade in an imperial examination 2 water-soluble low-molecular compounds (B), after above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) of interpolation mixes once more in the above-mentioned thing that mixes again, adding coarse aggregate at last mixes, this thing that mixes is transported to working-yard B, but also can be shown in Fig. 2 (a), stirrer 1 by the A of concrete factory, mixed cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, after concrete is used chemical mixture and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), this thing that mixes is packed in the on-vehicle concrete mixer 3 of carrier vehicle 2, be transported to working-yard B in the time of stirring at low speed, B adds above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) in the above-mentioned thing that mixes at the construction field (site), carry out high-speed stirring by above-mentioned on-vehicle concrete mixer 3, make concrete composition.
Perhaps, can also be shown in Fig. 2 (b), stirrer 1 by the A of concrete factory, mixed cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, concrete chemical mixture, this thing that mixes is packed in the on-vehicle concrete mixer 3 of carrier vehicle 2, be transported to working-yard B in the time of stirring at low speed, B adds above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) at the construction field (site), after carrying out high-speed stirring by above-mentioned on-vehicle concrete mixer 3, in the above-mentioned thing that mixes, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) again, make above-mentioned concrete composition.
In addition, if in the above-mentioned concrete composition, above-mentioned as institute, above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) are sneaked in the cement with certain certain ratio (2: 5～5: 2), then above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd electric assortment of water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) and form the plan polymkeric substance, make above-mentioned concrete composition morning epistasis and water tolerance improve.Particularly said ratio is roughly at 1: 1 o'clock, and bonding force is the strongest, and viscosity also increases, and early epistasis or water tolerance significantly improve.In addition, if said ratio departed from 1: 1, then bonding force dies down, reduced viscosity.On the other hand, under the identical situation of said ratio, the addition of above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) is many more, and viscosity is big more.
The water-fast concrete composition of above-mentioned epistasis morning is also the same with in the past concrete composition, at the low scene of building of envrionment temperature, its viscosity is low, in addition, in the mixing of transportation or in building on-the-spot force feed, in above-mentioned concrete composition, sneak under the situation of oil component, above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) is adsorbed in above-mentioned oil component, deviation can take place in the proportioning of above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) of result and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), causes viscosity low.
Promptly, in the above-mentioned concrete composition, lowly under the situation of the proportioning that changes above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B), also can taking place of viscosity, so when adding the tackifier different with above-mentioned tackifying additive for the viscosity adjustment, can the characteristic of concrete composition be exerted an influence, possibly can't obtain desirable characteristic.In addition, under the situation that the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition raises, if add moisture merely, then above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) change with respect to the ratio of the unit water yield, and the characteristic of above-mentioned concrete composition may deterioration.
Yet, above-mentioned morning, the viscosity of epistasis concrete composition changed because of the proportioning of above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), so when adjusting the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition, if in above-mentioned concrete composition, add above-claimed cpd (A) or above-claimed cpd (B) is adjusted this proportioning, then can not make the deterioration in characteristics of above-mentioned concrete composition, can easily carry out the viscosity adjustment.
Then, to the concrete grammar of the method for regulating viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition, describe referring to the schema of Fig. 3.
At first, in concrete factory, make the above-mentioned concrete composition that early strong portland cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, concrete are mixed and form with chemical mixture and above-mentioned tackifying mixture, measure its viscosity (initial tack of adhesive coefficient η (0)) (step S1).
Then, mensuration is transported to the viscosity (coefficient of viscosity η) (step S2) of building on-the-spot above-mentioned concrete composition, the coefficient of viscosity η and the initial tack of adhesive coefficient η (0) of said determination are compared, judge whether the coefficient of viscosity η of said determination is lower than above-mentioned initial tack of adhesive coefficient η (0) (step S3).
Coefficient of viscosity η is lower than under the situation (being the situation of "Yes" among the step S3) of initial tack of adhesive coefficient η (0), above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) of a small amount of interpolation in above-mentioned concrete composition, and (step S4) once more mixes.Then, investigate viscosity and whether recover (step S5),, then directly build above-mentioned concrete composition if viscosity is recovered.In addition, add under the also unrecovered situation of above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) viscosity, the proportioning of then inferring above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) is by the many directions of the proportioning deflection above-claimed cpd (A) of the greatest viscosity under the in situ temperature that realizes above-mentioned concrete composition, so for it is adjusted, above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of a small amount of interpolation, (step S6) once more mixes, viscosity is built above-mentioned concrete composition after recovering.
On the other hand, coefficient of viscosity η is higher than under the situation (being to be the situation of "Yes" among "No" and the step S7 among the step S3) of initial tack of adhesive coefficient η (0), advance to step S8, above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of a small amount of interpolation, mix once more, after viscosity reduced to the initial stage level, build above-mentioned concrete composition.Under this situation, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) though viscosity is descended, above-claimed cpd (A) can produce some bubbles when mixing, so it is bothersome to mix, adding above-claimed cpd (B) is favourable in operation.
Under the little situation of the coefficient of viscosity η of said determination and initial tack of adhesive coefficient η (0) difference, directly build above-mentioned concrete composition and get final product.
In addition, in shield construction, construct the situation of lining concrete, under the situation of building with the above-mentioned concrete composition of concrete pump force feed, suppose that above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) is adsorbed by the oil component of above-mentioned concrete pump, if carry out force feed add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) so in advance in above-mentioned concrete composition after, the characteristic of above-mentioned concrete composition that then can be when building remains on the level of initial stage characteristic reliably.
Above-mentioned method of regulating viscosity is not limited to the water-fast concrete of epistasis morning as the direct casting concrete lining material of shield construction, also is applicable to the construction of the buildings that is difficult to adopt the vibrator compacting and the employed concrete composition of concrete construction that there are the place of water in oceanic tectonic thing or underground structures etc.
Embodiment
Shown in following table 1 and table 2, at 190kg/m
3Water in add 543kg/m
3Short-term strength cement (density: 3.14g/cm
3), after water cement ratio is adjusted to 35%, to wherein mixing as high-performance Special Mixed agent (Kao Corp's system of concrete with chemical mixture, carboxylic polyethers water reducer, trade(brand)name " Mighty 4000FA ") with the alkylaryl sodium sulfonate is additive (Kao Corp's system of main component, trade(brand)name " Visco Top 100FA "), to wherein adding 597kg/m
3The fine aggregate (density: 2.63g/cm that obtains of effluent sand
3) mix, adding in this mixes thing with the alkylammonium salt is that the additive (Kao Corp's system, trade(brand)name " Visco Top 100FB ") of main component mixes once more, adds 597kg/m at last
3Coarse aggregate (density: 2.56g/cm
3) mix, make concrete composition.At this moment, as above-mentioned coarse aggregate, use the coarse aggregate of the following size of 13mm.
[table 1]
| Classification | Title | Density |
| Cement | Short-term strength cement | 3.14 |
| Water | Tap water | 1.00 |
| Fine aggregate | River sand | 2.63 |
| Coarse aggregate | River sand (G max13mm) | 2.56 |
| |
The agent of high-performance Special | |
| Mixture | ||
| 2 | | |
| Mixture | ||
| 3 | Alkylammonium salt |
[table 2]
Water cement ratio (W/C)=35%
Fine aggregate rate (S/a)=38%
Then, above-mentioned concrete composition has been carried out the testing of materials shown in following (1)～(8).
(1) initial stage proterties: slump fluidity test (5 minutes, 10 minutes), air capacity test, concrete temperature
(2) fresh concrete through the time change retentivity: carry out initial stage proterties test subject when finishing 0,60,120,180,240 minute mixing
(3) segregability not in the water: fresh concrete is fallen into the water, measure pH
(4) watertightness: the cylinder of making fresh concrete applies hydraulic pressure for the examination body to this confession examination body, measures when seeing through the water yield, implements strength trial
(5) adhesive test: concrete is flowed on the scarp of 23 degree, measure its speed
(6) compressive strength test: implement according to JIS A 1108
(7) pump pressure is sent test: confirm force feed (measure duct pressure loss, confirm the concrete pressure-losses) by 3 inches pipelines
(8) mensuration of shrinkage: by length variations test determination shrinkage
Table 3 and table 4 are the compressive strength in the above-mentioned test-results and the measurement result of fresh proterties, the result that table 5 expression compares each characteristic of each concrete composition of the present invention and in the past high-flowing concrete and underwater concrete.The high-flowing concrete of Shi Yonging is made according to " high-flowing concrete construction guide " as a comparative example, and underwater concrete is made according to " the capable concrete design and construction guide (provisional) of not emanating in the water ".
[table 3]
| The 1 day length of time | The 2 days length of time | The 7 days length of time | The 28 days length of time | |
| Compressive strength (N/mm 2) | 19.O | 40.8 | 57.6 | 71.3 |
[table 4]
| Elapsed time (minute) | Slump flowability (mm) | Air capacity (%) |
| 0 | 610×610 | 3.4 |
| 60 | 620×620 | |
| 120 | 630×630 | |
| 180 | 610×610 | 3.5 |
| 240 | 610×610 |
[table 5]
| Concrete of the present invention | High-flowing concrete | Underwater concrete | |
| High workability | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| Fresh retentivity | ○ | △ | ○ |
| Epistasis early | ○ | ○ | × |
| Water tolerance | ○ | × | ○ |
| The pump pressure property sent | ○ | ○ | ○ |
| From leveling property | ○ | △ | △ |
| Anti-material segregation | ○ | ○ | ○ |
By table 3～table 5 as can be known, that concrete composition of the present invention has not only is mobile, anti-material segregation and early epistasis is good, and water tolerance is also good, and the pump pressure property sent, the good characteristic of leveling property certainly.
In the above-mentioned best mode 2, the water-fast concrete of epistasis morning as the direct casting concrete lining material of shield construction is illustrated, by the foregoing description as can be known, concrete composition of the present invention not only water tolerance is good, and leveling property is also good certainly, also is applicable to constructing of in situ concrete pile.
The construction method of in situ concrete pile is by ground being holed with machinery, fill up in will sapping a gallery with stable liquid, make borehole wall stable after, in above-mentioned boring, insert Steel Reinforcement Cage, casting concrete, thereby construct the general name of the method for stake at the scene.As its representational construction method, rotary drilling bradawl hole pouring pile construction method, reverse circulation boring method, a complete set of pipe construction method etc. are arranged.Fig. 4 is the construction instruction drawing of rotary drilling bradawl hole pouring pile construction method, in this construction method, shown in Fig. 4 (a) and (b), at first use rotary drilling awl 21, inject stable liquids 22 such as bentonite slurry on one side, on one side ground 20 is holed, boring 23 formed.Then, shown in Fig. 4 (c)～(e), after Steel Reinforcement Cage 24 was inserted in the inside of above-mentioned boring 23, never illustrated concrete pump was sent to concrete composition in the above-mentioned boring 23 by conduit 25 and builds, and constructs reinforced concrete pile (concrete pile) 26.Above-mentioned conduit 25 removes after constructing concrete stake 26.
In addition, during above-mentioned concrete perfusion, think that concrete may be sneaked into the sand of muddy water or hole wall etc., so the quality of concrete pile is low under the low situation of the leveling property certainly of the concrete composition of building.So,, must carry out surplus banking to the concrete top height of regulation for guaranteeing safety.The degree of depth of the above-mentioned essential 26k of the reinforcement portion of banketing is generally according to construction method and difference, and making by muddy water needs about 80cm in borehole wall stable rotation formula stiletto bored pile construction method and the reverse circulation boring method, needs about 50cm in a complete set of pipe construction method.Then, after the concrete placement, the stake top processing operation of the above-mentioned 26k of reinforcement portion that bankets of the throw out blended of laitance of must pruning (mud component layer) or muddy water.
In addition, in the perfusion on the spot in gravel or sandy gravel stratum, concrete also can be washed away by wandering water or blowing underground water, therefore as the concrete that uses in such place, can consider to use in cement, water, aggregate, mixed concrete such as inanimate matter such as silica gel, wilkinite mixture or AE water reducer for example with chemical mixture, water tolerance is good and bleeding cement glows few underwater concrete, but use under the situation of underwater concrete, also because from leveling property existing problems, the same with the situation of normal concrete, must carry out surplus banking.
Therefore, think aforesaid when constructing in situ concrete pile, if use and above-mentioned best mode 1,2 concrete compositions same, that mixed the tackifying mixture that contains above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), then can improve the water tolerance of concrete composition and leveling property certainly simultaneously, so exist under the phreatic situation of wandering water or blowing, also can construct the high concrete pile of reliability.
In addition, if after at this moment will having mixed the concrete of above-mentioned tackifying mixture at first and just in time being poured into prescribed depth, build the concrete that does not mix above-mentioned tackifying mixture and come the constructing concrete stake, then can reduce the concrete usage quantity of the high price of having mixed above-mentioned tackifying mixture, can significantly reduce material cost.
Fig. 5 (a)～(c) is the synoptic diagram of construction method of the in situ concrete pile of best mode 3 of the present invention, in this example, use drilling machine such as rotary drilling awl to ground 20 machine drillings, make borehole wall stable after, in above-mentioned boring 23, insert Steel Reinforcement Cage 24, casting concrete.At this moment, at first certainly after the good concrete of leveling property height and water tolerance (below be called high from the water-fast concrete of leveling property) 11 just in time is poured into prescribed depth, build the normal concrete 12 that water, normal portland cement and aggregate are mixed and obtain, constructing concrete stake 10.
Above-mentioned height is in the water-fast concrete of leveling property, in cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate except adding the concrete chemical mixture, also, mix and contain the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the tackifying mixture that is selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance as the tackifying mixture.As its manufacture method, at first mix concrete chemical mixture and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) in cement, water, fine aggregate, after making the thing that mixes, in mixing thing, this adds above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A), mix once more, add coarse aggregate at last and mix, make above-mentioned concrete composition.
As above-mentioned concrete chemical mixture, can be from normally used concrete with suitably selecting the chemical mixture, wherein, by with respect to cement be 0.5～5.0 weight %, good especially be that the ratio of 1.0～5.0 weight % is mixed good, the carboxylic polyethers water reducer of intermiscibility with above-mentioned tackifying mixture, can make flowability and leveling property raising certainly.
In addition, as above-mentioned cement, can use with Wingdale clay ferric oxide etc. as the normal portland cement of raw material, early strong portland cement, in portland cements such as hot portland cement, white portland cement, perhaps mixed cements such as portland blast-furnace slag cement, pulverized fuel ash cement, silicate cement are to use early strong portland cement well especially.
The height of this example is in the water-fast concrete of leveling property, and water cement ratio (W/C) equally better is 30～60%, is more preferably 30～40%, and good especially is about 35%.
For the method for mixing, identical with above-mentioned best mode 1,2, so omit its explanation.
Shown in Fig. 5 (a), above-mentioned height is built with conduit 25 from the water-fast concrete of leveling property, and this height has high from leveling property from the water-fast concrete 11 of leveling property, so compare with normal concrete, the concrete surface after building is more smooth.Therefore, sneaking into of muddy water in the time of can significantly reducing concrete placement or hole wall sand etc.
In addition, above-mentioned height has excellent water tolerance from the water-fast concrete of leveling property, even so have wandering water or the phreatic ground of blowing, can prevent that also the substantial intensity that adds water and produce that muddy water causes is low, and can prevent the outflow of the cement particle that muddy water etc. causes and the quality that produces is low.
In addition, above-mentioned height has the good pump pressure property sent, flowability and anti-material segregation from the water-fast concrete of leveling property, so not only can reduce pump pressure effectively and give the time and the material segregation during filling, and can reduce bleeding cement and glow.
In addition, shown in Fig. 5 (b), in this example, after the water-fast concrete 11 of leveling property just in time is poured into prescribed depth certainly with above-mentioned height, build normal concrete 12, constructing concrete stake 10, thus the height that reduces the high price of having mixed above-mentioned tackifying mixture is from the water-fast concrete usage quantity of leveling property, to reduce material cost.
That is, the bottom of conduit 25 is being stayed above-mentioned height of having built under the state in the water-fast concrete 11 of leveling property, on one side above-mentioned conduit 25 is slowly mentioned, one side is from above-mentioned conduit 25 force feed normal concretes 12.Thus, the concrete surface of building exist always have excellent water tolerance and certainly the above-mentioned height of leveling property so that concrete surface keeps is smooth, can not sneak into muddy water or hole wall sand etc. from the water-fast concrete 11 of leveling property.Therefore, the amount of the 10k of the reinforcement portion of banketing of concrete pile 10 can be dropped to very lowly, handle so can simplify the stake top.
In the above-mentioned best mode 1～3, the aggregate (general aggregate) that aggregate uses effluent sand, extra large sand, mountain sand, rubble etc. to obtain, but when mixing the aggregate of the different specific weight different with general aggregate proportion, by mix the additive that contains above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) as the tackifying mixture, the aggregate of above-mentioned different specific weight is dispersed in the concrete equably.
As being the aggregate that the non-structure of main purpose is mixed with light weight concretes such as concrete with light weight concrete or with heat insulation, lining or sound-absorbing usually in the light-weighted structure that is used for wall board for building, ground or roof boarding, open the 2001-261413 communique and Japanese patent laid-open 8-26853 communique discloses ground as the Japanese Patent spy, use natural weight aggregate or Mesalite and Asanolite artificial light skeletals such as (all being trade(brand)name) such as the proportion volcanic gravel littler than general aggregate.
In addition; require the big concrete construction of weight of unit volume for hydrotechnical construction such as dykes and dams and building down structure thing etc.; perhaps accelerator facility; the uranium treatment facility; reactor facilities etc. are handled the set shield wall of facility of radioactive rays; open flat 6-76899 communique and disclose ground as Japanese patent laid-open 2-172846 communique and Japanese Utility Model are real, employing contains the aggregate that the pulverizing of natural rocks such as magnetite is obtained; the steel particulate that shot peening is used or the scrap iron material forged or the heavy concrete of the big heavy aggregate of the granular aggregate geometric ratio anharmonic ratio general aggregate that obtains is processed in hot pressing.
In addition, aforesaidly mixed the light weight concrete of the proportion aggregate littler or mixed in the heavy concrete of the proportion aggregate bigger than general aggregate than general aggregate, compare with the situation of mixing general aggregate, generating material is emanated easily, therefore has the problem of the skewness matter of above-mentioned aggregate.That is, if the skewness matter of aggregate then is under the situation of light weight concrete, concrete strength degradation.Particularly under drying regime, dry shrinkage is big for above-mentioned light weight concrete, and the crack takes place, and therefore has significantly low tendency of flexural strength and weather resistance.
On the other hand, in hydrotechnical construction such as dykes and dams and the building down structure thing etc., under the situation of aggregate skewness one, because thermal value and dry shrinkage are big, therefore crack etc. appears easily, the weather resistance existing problems.In addition, under the situation for shield wall, because inequality appears in the radioactive rays shield effectiveness, the problem that exists shield effectiveness to reduce.Therefore, when making above-mentioned light weight concrete, with water reducers such as AE water reducers, mix with the water-soluble polymer of cellulose family or acrylic acid or the like is the material segregation attenuating agent (tackifying mixture) of main component, when suppressing mobile decline, attempt suppressing the above-mentioned materials segregation, but be difficult to abundant control material segregation.
In addition, for above-mentioned heavy concrete, carry out at present placement layer by layer as required eliminating the heterogeneity that aggregate distributes, but not only operability is poor, and owing to form seam, weather resistance and intensity, radioactive rays shield effectiveness are also insufficient.In addition, also proposed to carry out the adjustment of the size-grade distribution of aggregate, perhaps be provided with concavo-convex and methods such as tackiness raising and cement, but also can't obtain satisfied effect so far on the surface.
In the concrete composition that contains the different specific weight aggregate of best mode 4, in cement and water, mix the aggregate that constitutes by artificial light skeletal, and mix concrete chemical mixture (water reducer) and tackifying mixture, in this example, as above-mentioned tackifying mixture, use and contain the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the additive that is selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance.In addition, as its manufacture method, after at first mix concrete is made the thing that mixes with chemical mixture and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) in cement, water, fine aggregate, adding above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) in this mixes thing mixes once more, add coarse aggregate at last and mix, make concrete composition.Thus, not only can guarantee enough flowabilities, and above-mentioned artificial light skeletal is dispersed in the concrete equably.
As above-mentioned artificial light skeletal, make the aggregate that granulation behind the fine powder, sintering obtain by raw materials such as for example concocting swelling shale, swelling clay or flyash, the aggregate that calcium carbonate or siliceous foaming, sintering are obtained, perhaps make aggregate that sintering grows such as perlite, obsidian obtain etc., the structured material that can be used as main body that reinforced concrete makes with local methods etc. uses, the non-structured material that perhaps is used for heat insulation or fireproof coating etc. can suitably be determined kind, particle diameter, fine aggregate rate and the incorporation of aggregate according to its purposes.
The chemical ingredients of these artificial light skeletals is mainly silicon oxide (SiO
2), aluminum oxide (Al
2O
3), ferric oxide (Fe
2O
3, FeO), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide metal oxides such as (MgO), its adiabatic drying proportion is under the situation of structure with the light weight concrete aggregate for example, fine aggregate is less than 2.3, coarse aggregate is less than 2.0 (according to JIS A 5002).
In addition, as the concrete chemical mixture that adds for the flowability that improves concrete composition, can be from common employed concrete with suitably selecting the chemical mixture, polyethers water reducers such as lignin class, polycarboxylic acid, melamine class, naphthalene class or thionamic acid class for example, carboxylic polyethers based water reducer, the AE water reducer, high-performance AE water reducer etc.
Like this at cement, mix concrete is with chemical mixture be selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance in water and the fine aggregate that is made of artificial light skeletal, after making the thing that mixes, adding the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant in this mixes thing mixes once more, adding the coarse aggregate that is made of artificial light skeletal at last mixes, make concrete composition, so even aggregate uses under the situation of the proportion artificial light skeletal lighter than general aggregate, also can guarantee enough flowabilities, and above-mentioned artificial light skeletal is distributed in the concrete equably.Therefore, operability can be improved, and the light weight concrete of uniform intensity can be made.
In the above-mentioned best mode 4, light skeletal uses artificial light skeletal, but be not limited thereto, the present invention can certainly be used to use the situation of by product light skeletals such as natural weight aggregate such as volcanic gravel or coal ash, perhaps uses the situation of the light skeletal that has made up above-mentioned natural weight aggregate or by product light skeletal and artificial light skeletal.
In the above-mentioned best mode 4, the concrete composition that has mixed light skeletal is illustrated, but be used for hydrotechnical construction such as dykes and dams and building down structure thing etc. in manufacturing, part or all of aggregate uses proportion under the concrete situation of the heavy of the heavy aggregate more than 4.0, if except water, cement, outside the aggregate, also mix and contain the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the mixture that is selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, above-mentioned heavy aggregate is distributed in the concrete in heterogeneity as the tackifying mixture.As above-mentioned heavy aggregate, can use for example metal such as iron ore such as magnetite or iron sand or iron, perlite etc.In addition, these heavy aggregates can make fine aggregate or coarse aggregate mixes with general aggregate, also can be used for fine aggregate and coarse aggregate simultaneously.
Thus, the heterogeneity that the aggregate of above-below direction causes in the heavy concrete improves, and can not form rich cooperation the (cooperations that mortar is many) on concrete top, and fissured being inhibited that dry shrinkage causes can be suppressed the low of weather resistance.In addition, do not carry out placement layer by layer and can constitute hydrotechnical construction and building down structure thing etc. yet, thus operating efficiency can be improved, and can make not have to overlap and the high structure of weather resistance at the position of fragility on the structure such as build.
The present invention is not limited to be used for the heavy concrete of hydrotechnical construction and building down structure thing etc., can also be used to shield the shielding concrete of radioactive rays.Promptly, when making above-mentioned shielding concrete, if mix as the tackifying mixture and to contain the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the mixture that is selected from the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, do not carry out placement layer by layer heavy aggregate is distributed in the concrete in heterogeneity.Therefore, there is not fragile position on the structure that placement layer by layer produces, thus the weather resistance of shielding concrete can be improved, and also heavy aggregate distributes in concrete in heterogeneity, thereby can eliminate the inequality of radioactive rays shield effectiveness, can improve shield effectiveness.
In addition, in the above-mentioned best mode 4,5, the situation of part or all of aggregate being mixed light skeletal or heavy aggregate is illustrated, but the present invention also is applicable to and for example uses the situation of construction waste or copper slag the like waste having been sneaked into simultaneously the aggregate of light skeletal and heavy aggregate as situation of the aggregate of raw material etc.
The possibility of utilizing on the industry
As mentioned above, adopt the present invention, can obtain epistasis early, flowability, leveling property and anti-material segregation is good and also good concrete composition of resistance to water certainly, so can be easily and carry out reliably the constructing of lining concrete of the shield construction on water burst stratum, the construction of building that is difficult to adopt the vibrator compacting and the concrete construction that there are the place of water in oceanic tectonic thing or underground structures etc.
In addition, during the constructing concrete stake, the sneaking into of muddy water or hole wall sand etc. in the time of also can significantly reducing filling concrete, so hardly with carrying out surplus banking, also can the constructing concrete stake.
In addition, mix in the situation with the large aggregate of the difference in specific gravity of general aggregate as aggregate, above-mentioned aggregate is distributed in the concrete equably, so can easily make the high lightweight concrete of homogenieity and heavy concrete.
Claims (15)
1. concrete composition, it is at cement, water, the concrete composition that adds the tackifying mixture to mix in the aggregate and obtain, it is characterized in that, as above-mentioned tackifying mixture, use contains the additive of the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B), and described additive is that above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) are selected from any in the additive of following combination: the combination that is selected from the compound (A) of amphoterics and is selected from the compound (B) of aniorfic surfactant, be selected from the compound (A) of cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of anionic property aromatic substance, be selected from the compound (A) of cationic surfactant and be selected from the combination of the compound (B) of bromine compounds.
2. concrete composition as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, as above-mentioned tackifying mixture, use contains the mixture of compound (A) that is selected from cationic surfactant and the compound (B) that is selected from the anionic property aromatic substance, and, mix above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) with the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % respectively with respect to the unit water yield.
3. concrete composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the water cement ratio in the above-mentioned concrete composition is made as 30～60%.
4. as each described concrete composition in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned concrete composition also being that the ratio of 0.5～5.0 weight % is mixed the concrete chemical mixture with respect to cement.
5. concrete composition as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, as above-mentioned concrete chemical mixture, uses carboxylic polyethers water reducer.
6. as each described concrete composition in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that,, use coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, and be made as 30～45% as the fine aggregate rate of the ratio of the contained fine aggregate of above-mentioned aggregate as above-mentioned aggregate.
7. as each described concrete composition in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that, at least a portion of aggregate or all use proportion less than the aggregate of general aggregate and proportion greater than in the aggregate of general aggregate any or use two kinds simultaneously.
8. the manufacture method of a concrete composition, it is used for making each described concrete composition of claim 1～7, it is characterized in that, after above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) of interpolation mixes in cement, water, aggregate, in the above-mentioned thing that mixes, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and mix once more, make above-mentioned concrete composition.
9. the method for regulating viscosity of a concrete composition, it is used for adjusting the viscosity of each described concrete composition of claim 1～claim 7, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned concrete composition, add again above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A) and above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) any or add two kinds simultaneously, the viscosity of above-mentioned concrete composition is adjusted.
10. the method for regulating viscosity of concrete composition as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the initial proportioning of above-claimed cpd (A) and above-claimed cpd (B) was made as about 1: 1.
11. method of regulating viscosity as claim 9 or 10 described concrete compositions, it is characterized in that, under the low situation of viscosity when the viscosity ratio of above-mentioned concrete composition is made, in above-mentioned concrete composition, add above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A).
12. method of regulating viscosity as claim 9 or 10 described concrete compositions, it is characterized in that, building under the high situation of the viscosity of on-the-spot viscosity ratio when making of above-mentioned concrete composition added above-mentioned the 2nd water-soluble low-molecular compound (B) in above-mentioned concrete composition.
13. method of regulating viscosity as each described concrete composition in the claim 9～12, it is characterized in that, under the situation of building by the above-mentioned concrete composition of concrete pump force feed, carry out force feed after in above-mentioned concrete composition, adding above-mentioned the 1st water-soluble low-molecular compound (A).
14. the construction method of an in situ concrete pile, it is that Steel Reinforcement Cage is inserted in the inside in the hole that gets out on the ground, builds by conduit force feed concrete composition in above-mentioned hole and the construction method of the in situ concrete pile of constructing concrete stake, it is characterized in that, use each described concrete composition in the claim 1～6.
15. the construction method of in situ concrete pile as claimed in claim 14, it is characterized in that, just after building the concrete that has mixed above-mentioned tackifying mixture with prescribed depth at first, build the concrete that does not mix above-mentioned tackifying mixture and come the constructing concrete stake.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP099509/2004 | 2004-03-30 | ||
| JP2004099509A JP4744813B2 (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2004-03-30 | Method for producing concrete composition |
| JP099552/2004 | 2004-03-30 | ||
| JP099623/2004 | 2004-03-30 | ||
| JP125067/2004 | 2004-04-21 | ||
| JP214135/2004 | 2004-07-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1938240A true CN1938240A (en) | 2007-03-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580010592 Pending CN1938240A (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2005-03-28 | Concrete composition, process for producing the same, method of regulating viscosity, and method of constructing cast-in-place concrete pile from the concrete composition |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4744813B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1938240A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110028283A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-19 | 皖西学院 | A kind of preparation method of regenerated fiber composite active mineral material enhancing regeneration concrete |
| CN111732364A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-10-02 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Early strength agent for concrete prefabricated member and preparation method thereof |
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| JP4579571B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社熊谷組 | Concrete placement method |
| JP4531438B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-08-25 | 株式会社熊谷組 | Manufacturing and construction method of concrete products or concrete structures |
| JP2008246824A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Kneading method for cement-based mixture |
| JP2009023878A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-02-05 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Concrete for repairing cross section, and construction method for repairing cross section of concrete structure using the same |
| KR101241364B1 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2013-03-11 | (주)대우건설 | Method for manufacturing mixed composite in the aspect of feature and content of fine particle |
| CN102896701B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-12-03 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Mix proportion issuing method, equipment and system for raw material |
| CN104671712B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-09-14 | 河海大学 | A kind of compactness concrete of adding coal ash and grittiness spoir and preparation method thereof |
| JP6323601B1 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-05-16 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Concrete composition and method for producing concrete composition |
| CN107500592A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-22 | 四川铁科新型建材有限公司 | A kind of alkali-free quick-coagulant composition solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN111965071B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2023-05-05 | 南京林业大学 | Method for determining aggregate proportion of sand type asphalt concrete |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3875137B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2007-01-31 | 花王株式会社 | Slurry rheology modifier |
| JP4197102B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2008-12-17 | 花王株式会社 | slurry |
| JP4056757B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2008-03-05 | 花王株式会社 | Additive for hydraulic composition |
| JP4439904B2 (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2010-03-24 | 花王株式会社 | Hydraulic composition |
-
2004
- 2004-03-30 JP JP2004099509A patent/JP4744813B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110028283A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-19 | 皖西学院 | A kind of preparation method of regenerated fiber composite active mineral material enhancing regeneration concrete |
| CN111732364A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-10-02 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Early strength agent for concrete prefabricated member and preparation method thereof |
| CN111732364B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2022-03-11 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Early strength agent for concrete prefabricated member and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4744813B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| JP2005281088A (en) | 2005-10-13 |
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