CN1936283B - 通过电阻涂层电加热进行柴油机微粒过滤器再生 - Google Patents

通过电阻涂层电加热进行柴油机微粒过滤器再生 Download PDF

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CN1936283B
CN1936283B CN2006101595310A CN200610159531A CN1936283B CN 1936283 B CN1936283 B CN 1936283B CN 2006101595310 A CN2006101595310 A CN 2006101595310A CN 200610159531 A CN200610159531 A CN 200610159531A CN 1936283 B CN1936283 B CN 1936283B
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dpf
resistive layer
heating apparatus
vent systems
electric heating
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CN1936283A (zh
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W·S·威廉逊
E·V·贡泽
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
    • F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

一种处理发动机产生的尾气的排气系统，包括一布置在发动机下游的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)，可从尾气中过滤微粒。一电热器在DPF的上游端整体形成，可选择性地加热通过的尾气，使尾气中的微粒燃烧。微粒燃烧产生的热量引发DPF内微粒的燃烧。

Description

通过电阻涂层电加热进行柴油机微粒过滤器再生
美国政府对美国能源部的资助项目DE-FC-04-03AL67635享有各项权利。
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机，具体地，涉及柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)的再生。
背景技术
由于柴油机燃烧过程增大的压缩比以及柴油燃料的较高能量密度，柴油发动机比汽油发动机具有更高的效率。因此，柴油发动机的汽油消耗定额优于同等大小的汽油发动机。
柴油机的燃烧循环产生通常要从尾气中过滤掉的微粒。柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)通常沿排出气流布置，以过滤尾气中的柴油机微粒。然而，随着时间的推移，柴油机微粒过滤器会充满，因而必须再生以除去俘获的柴油机微粒。在再生过程中，柴油机微粒在DPF内燃烧，使得DPF能够继续具有过滤作用。
传统的再生方法是在主燃烧事件(cumbustion event)之后将燃料喷射到尾气流中。这种燃烧后喷射的燃料在置于尾气流的催化剂上燃烧。燃料在催化剂上燃烧时所释放的热量使排气温度升高，于是将DPF中的碳微粒焚烧掉。然而，这种方法会产生比所要求更高的温度剧增，这对包括DPF的排气系统部件是不利的。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供了一种处理发动机产生的尾气的排气系统。这种排气系统包括一布置在发动机下游的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)，可过滤尾气中的微粒。一电热器在DPF的上游端整体形成并选择性地加热通过的尾气，使尾气中的微粒燃烧。微粒燃烧所产生的热量进一步引发DPF内微粒的燃烧。
根据本发明的一个特征，所述电热器是电阻加热器。
根据本发明的另一特征，电阻加热器层支承在DPF的侧壁上。
根据本发明的另一个特征，电热器包括电阻层以及布置在电阻层两侧的导电层。
根据本发明的还有其它一些特征，排气系统还包括能够选择性地使电流流向电热器的控制模块。控制模块确定DPF内微粒物质的估计数量，在估计数量超过阈值数量时，启动DPF再生过程。控制模块能够使电流只在DPF再生循环的初始阶段流动。
通过下文中所提供的详细说明，将对本发明的更多应用范围更加清楚。应当认识到用来说明本发明优选实施例的详细介绍和特殊实例只是为了举例说明而给出，而不是用来限定本发明的范围。
附图说明
通过下面的详细说明和附图将更加充分地理解本发明，附图中：
图1是示例性柴油发动机系统的示意图，包括根据本发明的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)再生系统；
图2是根据本发明的包括加热器的DPF的示意剖视图；
图3是图2的再生模式下工作的DPF一部分的示意剖视图；和
图4是本发明的DPF再生控制的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面对优选实施例的介绍只是示例性的，因此不会以任何方式限制本发明或其应用和用途。为了清楚起见，附图中将使用相同的参考数字来表示类似的元件。文中使用的术语“模块”表示专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子线路、可执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(共享、专用或组合)和存储器、组合逻辑电路、或其它类似的装置。
现在参考图1，图中示意性地示出了根据本发明的示例性柴油发动机系统10。应当认识到，柴油发动机系统10实际上只是示例性的，而且在此介绍的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)再生系统可在采用DPF的各种柴油发动机系统中实施。柴油发动机系统10包括柴油发动机12、进气歧管14、同轨燃料喷射系统16以及排气系统18。示例性的发动机12包括以V型布置在相邻气缸组22、24中的六个气缸20。虽然图1中示出了六个气缸(N＝6)，但是应当认识到发动机12可以包括更多或更少的气缸20。举例来说，可以设想发动机具有2、4、5、8、10、12以及16个气缸。还应当认识到，本发明的DPF再生控制可以用于串联式气缸构造，如下面所作更详细的介绍。
空气通过节流阀(未示出)被抽入进气歧管14。接着空气又从进气歧管14被抽入气缸20并进行压缩。燃料通过共轨喷射系统16被喷射到气缸20中，压缩空气的热量引燃空气/燃料混合物。尾气从气缸20排出后进入排气系统18。在某些情况下，柴油发动机系统10可以包括涡轮26，能够将额外的空气泵入气缸20，与从进气歧管14抽入的燃料和空气一起燃烧。
排气系统18包括：排气歧管28、30；尾气导管29、31；催化剂38；带有整体形成的电阻加热器41的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)40。第一和第二尾气段由第一和第二气缸组22、24确定。排气歧管28、30将尾气段从相应的气缸组22、24引导到尾气导管29、31中。尾气被引导到涡轮26以驱动涡轮26。来自涡轮26的混合排出气流通过催化剂38和加热器41流到DPF40。DPF40将流向大气的混合尾气流中的微粒过滤。加热器41选择性地加热流过的尾气流，使DPF40再生，如下面的更详细介绍。
控制模块42根据本发明的DPF再生控制调节柴油发动机系统10的运转。具体地，控制模块42与进气歧管绝对压力(MAP)传感器44以及发动机转速传感器46相连。MAP传感器44产生表示进气歧管14内空气压力的信号，发动机转速传感器46产生表示发动机转速(转/分钟)的信号。控制模块42根据每分钟转数(RPM)和燃料加注速度确定发动机载荷。燃料加注速度通常是按每个燃烧事件的燃料体积计算的。发动机输出功率通过燃料加注速度来控制。
具体参见图2和3，DPF40是整体式的微粒俘获器，并包括交替布置的封闭腔室/通道50和敞开腔室/通道52。加热器41在DPF40的上游端整体形成，如下面更详细的介绍。由发动机12产生的废气在进入封闭通道50时穿过加热器41。微粒物质59沉积在封闭的通道50内，然后尾气经过开口通道52离开。塞子56用来密封通道50、52的端部。DPF40的侧壁58最好是由堇青石材料的多孔陶瓷蜂窝壁。应当认识到，任何蜂窝陶瓷材料都被认为在本发明的范围之内。碳微粒59流入DPF40并被俘获。
还是参见图2，加热器41在DPF40的上游整体形成。加热器41最好是电阻加热器，由布置在导电层62之间的电阻层60组成，导电层62连接到电端子64。电端子64连接到电源66(见图1)。
在形成加热器41时，通道的上游内端首先涂敷一层电阻材料(即加热器材料)。电阻层60的触点通过将导电层62沉积在电阻层60的相邻侧(即，上游和下游侧)形成，其中导电层的导电率比电阻层高很多。通过这种方式，DPF40的侧壁58构成电阻层60和导电层62的支承衬底。当电压施加在触点之间时，电流通过电阻层60。电流引起电阻层60发热，达到点燃微粒物质59的温度。加热器41的层可以这样沉积，首先通过在DPF40的上游端浸渍涂敷形成电阻层60，然后通过带式涂敷至少部分覆盖电阻层60，形成导电层62。所属领域的技术人员应当知道涂敷DPF的其它方法。导电层在整个DPF40上必须是连续的。因此，导电材料必须渗透堇青石DPF侧壁的孔隙。
本发明的涂敷几何体的一个优点是，所有独立的通道都是电平行的。通过这种方式，即使各层不是绝对均匀的，也可以加热所有通道。举例来说，如果某个通道的涂层材料比另一通道稍微多一些，它将散发更多的热量(即，电压相同，电流密度更高)。当其变热时，其电阻上升，减少了一个通道与另一通道的差异。利用这个机理，可以将电阻材料的温度系数设计成可达到最佳的均匀性。
具体参见图3，热量在DPF再生过程中被传递给流经加热器41的碳微粒59。足够的热量被传递给碳微粒59引起放热燃烧，从而释放出更多的热量。热量流入DPF40加热其中的碳微粒59。结果，通过DPF40实现了梯级效应，于是上游碳微粒59燃烧所产生的热量引起下游碳微粒59的燃烧。换句话说，加热器41起到点火催化剂的作用，它引燃或点燃了上游碳微粒59，而上游碳微粒59的燃烧热又点燃了下游碳微粒59。通过这种方式，DPF40内的所有碳微粒59都燃烧，使DPF40再生。
DPF的再生过程周期性地启动以使DPF40再生。更具体地，控制模块42估计DPF的负荷。当估计负荷达到阈值水平(比如微粒物质达到5克/公升)且尾气流率在要求的范围内时，电流施加到加热器41，启动再生过程。再生过程的持续时间根据DPF40内微粒物质的数量而变化。可以预期再生过程的持续时间在4-6分钟之间。然而，电热器41只在再生过程的初始阶段起作用。具体地，电加热器41对流经的尾气加热阈值时间(比如1-2分钟)。再生过程的其余时间是利用DPF40内燃烧所产生的热量来完成。
现在参考图4，该流程图示出了本发明的DPF再生控制过程。在步骤100，控制回路确定是否进行DPF再生。如上面所介绍的，当DPF40内的微粒数量超过阈值数量且尾气流率超过阈值流率时，DPF再生启动。如果控制回路决定不进行DPF再生，控制回路返回。如果控制回路决定应当进行DPF再生，在步骤102电流提供给电热器41。如前面的详细介绍，电热器41加热流经的尾气，使尾气燃烧。燃烧过程产生的热量进一步引起DPF40内碳微粒的燃烧，使DPF40再生。在步骤104，控制回路在阈值时间(比如1-2分钟)之后切断加热器的电流，控制过程结束。
本发明的DPF再生系统与先有技术相比具有独特的优点。具体地，这种DPF再生系统可防止对排气系统部件不利的温度剧增。与其它基于电能的DPF再生系统相比，本发明的DPF再生系统效率更高(效率接近80-90％)。
现在，所属领域的技术人员从上述说明可以知道，本发明的有显著特点的原理能够以各种方式来实施。因此，虽然在这里本发明是结合具体实例来介绍的，但是本发明的真正范围不应受其限制，因为技术人员通过研究这些附图、说明书以及所附权利要求之后很容易作出其它修改。

Claims (18)

1.一种处理发动机产生的尾气的排气系统，包括：
布置在发动机下游的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)，可从所述尾气过滤微粒；和
在所述DPF的上游端整体形成的电热器，所述电热器包括电阻层，
其中所述电阻层被涂敷在所述DPF的侧壁上，并当所述尾气通过所述DPF的上游端时，所述电阻层可选择性地加热所述尾气，使所述尾气内的微粒燃烧，并且所述微粒燃烧产生的热量引发所述DPF内微粒的燃烧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述电热器是一电阻加热器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述电阻加热器层支承在所述DPF的侧壁上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述电热器还包括
布置在所述电阻层两侧的导电层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其特征在于，还包括能够选择地使电流流向电热器的控制模块。
6.根据权利要求5所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述控制模块确定所述DPF内微粒物质的估计数量，并在估计数量超过阈值数量时，启动DPF再生过程。
7.根据权利要求5所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述控制模块使所述电流只在DPF再生循环的初始阶段流动。
8.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述DPF包括多个通道并且所述电阻层被涂敷在所述通道的上游内部侧壁上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的排气系统，其特征在于，所述多个通道是电平行连接。
10.根据权利要求1所述的排气系统，其特征在于，当电压施加到电阻层时，电阻层达到微粒的点燃温度。
11.一种使排气系统中的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)再生的方法，包括以下步骤：
通过对所述DPF的上游端的至少一部分进行涂敷电阻层而在所述DPF的上游端整体形成一电热器；
用所述电阻层加热所述DPF上游的尾气，以引发微粒燃烧；和
将所述微粒燃烧产生的热量引入所述DPF，以引发所述DPF内微粒的燃烧。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述整体形成电热器的步骤包括：
在所述DPF侧壁上形成所述电阻层；和
在所述电阻层的两侧形成导电层，使其支承在所述DPF的所述侧壁上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热所述尾气的步骤在DPF再生循环的初始阶段发生。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括估计所述DPF内微粒物质的数量，在所述数量超过阈值数量时，所述加热尾气的步骤发生。
15.一种使排气系统的柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)再生的方法，包括以下步骤：
通过对所述DPF的上游端的至少一部分进行涂敷电阻层而在所述DPF的上游端整体形成电热器；
引导含有微粒的尾气通过所述电热器；
将电流施加到所述电热器；
用所述电阻层加热所述DPF上游的尾气，以引发所述微粒燃烧；和
将所述微粒燃烧产生的热量引入所述DPF，以引发所述DPF内微粒的燃烧。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述整体形成电热器的步骤包括：
在所述DPF侧壁上形成所述电阻层；和
在所述电阻层的两侧形成导电层。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热尾气的步骤在DPF再生循环的初始阶段发生。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括估计所述DPF内微粒物质的数量，在该数量超过阈值数量时，所述加热尾气的步骤发生。
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