CN1927423A

CN1927423A - Underground space partition smoke-controlled system

Info

Publication number: CN1927423A
Application number: CN 200610032342
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵明桥; 彭立敏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-09-28
Filing date: 2006-09-28
Publication date: 2007-03-14

Abstract

A fire hazard fume control system in the underground space is disclosed consisting of the fire monitoring, the controlling center, the smoke-stop screen, the exhaust fan and the conduit. The underground space is compartmentalized into separate smoke-stop subareas by the smoke-stop screen, the exhaust port of the smoke-stop subareas where it smokes when the fire hazard happens to eliminate the fire fume of the fire subareas concentratelly, the fire subareas can be the negative pressure subarea when the exhaust smoke level is greater than the critical exhaust smoke level, the gas flow in the underground space flows from the adjacent subarea to the fire subareas and then eliminated by the exhaust smoke pipe. So people can be evacuated leisurely in circumstance with no smoke, and the fire fighting succor can approach to the fire field to save life and property. The fire hazard fume in the underground space can be controlled in the invention, the underground gas terror raid can be replied efficiently, and the hurt of people can be reduced, so it is important for guaranteeing the safe of public underground.

Description

Underground space partition smoke-controlled system

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Fire Smoke Control system, specifically refer to a kind of system that the underground space is separated into independent smoke bay and the fire smoke diffuses flow is controlled.

Background technology

Though the frequency ratio in underground space breaking out of fire is lower, but the underground spaces such as tunnel, subway, market place builet below the ground have only less outlet to lead to ground usually, and it is far away apart from ground, be bordering on enclosure space, in case breaking out of fire, high temperature that is produced and poison gas will extremely difficultly in time be got rid of, and can cause very big injury to facility and the personnel that are in the underground space.All cause great casualties as calendar year 2001 Austria mountain region tunnel fire hazard and 2003 Korea S's Taegu's underground fire hazards, in these dead persons, have to surpass 7 one-tenth and be murdered because of fire smoke.

The Fire Smoke Control mode that adopts in railway, highway, subway sectional tunnel and subway station, market place builet below the ground, underground parking at present roughly has: gravity-flow ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, laterally reach semi-transverse ventilation, modes such as service tunnel, mechanical smoke extraction are set.These flue gas prevention and control measures or can only be in competence exertion effect under the particular condition, or be difficult to ensure that full complement's safety withdraws from, either cost is too high, or too high being difficult in engineering practice of required exhaust smoke level realizes.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide flue gas that the less relatively exhaust smoke level of a kind of need just can produce underground space fire and be controlled at fire smoke prevention and control system in the subregion of the scene of a fire, underground space subregion fume-resisting system of the present invention mainly partly is made up of fire monitoring, control centre, Smoke prevention curtain, smoke exhaust fan pipeline etc.

Fume exhausting type of the present invention is similar to increases the Smoke prevention air curtain on the basis of semi-transverse ventilation cigarette prosecutor formula, the underground space is separated into independently smoke bay, Smoke prevention curtain or air curtain are in rolling or the state that quits work at ordinary times, in case breaking out of fire in certain subregion, report to the police through fire monitoring or personnel, control centre can put down curtain or open the interior exhaust opening of Smoke prevention air curtain, smoke exhaust fan and fire section, closes the exhaust opening of non-fire subregion, and the air quantity that makes eliminating is all from the fire subregion.The effect of Smoke prevention curtain is to make orderly the flowing of the inside and outside gas unidirectional of subregion, promptly flows to low-pressure area by the higher-pressure region, avoids occurring in the situation that same section has air-flow to flow relatively.And the suction by smoke discharging pipe if can make to keep negative pressure state in the fire subregion, and fire smoke just can not spread to adjacent sections.Below analyze the size that the fire section will reach the critical exhaust smoke level of negative pressure state with railway tunnel:

1, tunnel fire hazard smoke growing amount

Along with the progress of train manufacturing process and material science, now the combustible material that adopts of passenger stock significantly reduces, and vehicle combustion heating amount is general all less than the level of 10MW.For this reason, below calculate the tunnel fire hazard scale and get 10MW.

Tunnel fire hazard flue gas production rate (M) is that the speed that is involved in or the hot smog of air is the speed that pinniform rises to the smoke stratification bottom surface in the flame, can be taken as for the tunnel fire hazard of 3～20MW:

M＝0.05P(h-d) ^3/2ρ ₀g ^1/2(kg/s) (1)

P in the formula---flame circumference (m)

H---tunnel height (m)

D---smoke stratification thickness (m)

ρ ₀---the proportion of surrounding air

G---acceleration of gravity (m/s ²)

Flue gas production rate M=0.05 * 15 * (5-0.9) of 10MW fire in the Rectangular Tunnel that highly is the wide 10m of 5m ^3/2* 1.184 * 9.8 ^1/2=23.08kg/s is roughly equal to 32.35m when being 180 ℃ as the mean temperature of the distance scene of a fire these flue gases of 100m ³/ s, this numerical value are in 5MW and the 20MW fire test smoke growing amount 20m that PIARC recommends ³/ s and 60m ³Between/the s.

2, fire section gas volume absolute increment

Air is involved in the flame because of having greatly in the fire, and the volume that generates fire smoke is always greater than the increment of gas volume in the fire process.Fire section gas volume increment is made up of two parts: one for combustion process generates gaseous products than the oxygen consumed gas volume parts that increase more, and the heat of burning generation makes the part that when gases are heated, they expand in the section and increase in addition.

2.1 combustion product dilatation

If burning things which may cause a fire disaster is the burning groove of the square splendid attire gasoline of 2.16m, suppose that fuel is Utopian gasoline---hexane, sufficient combustion, its reaction equation is:

(2)

Under the gravity-flow ventilation state, gasoline combustion surface linear homing rate is 4mm/min, i.e. per second burns gasoline 0.22kg.The combustion heat of gasoline is 45.5MJ/kg during sufficient combustion, and then the fire rate of heat release is 10MW.Consume O according to formula 2 per second that burns as can be known ₂5.67m ³, generate CO ₂3.44m ³, steam 4.01m ³, then newly-increased volume is 1.78m ³/ s.

The volume swell increment 2.2 gas is heated

Because the Smoke prevention curtain at two ends, the scene of a fire is not airtight fully with a certain smoke bay, gas still can be excessive, so the gas in the fire section can consider by isopiestic state, and fire smoke is subjected to thermal characteristics and air very approximate, can be by desirable gas consideration.According to gas endothermic side formula:

Q＝mcΔt (3)

Q in the formula---gas caloric receptivity

M---gaseous mass

C---gas ratio of specific heat is held

Δ t---the gas temperature difference

Be the rectangle of the wide 10m of 5m if the cross section, tunnel still is a height, 1 smoke bay length is 500m, and the air gross mass is 19335kg in the fire section so; For the fire per second heat release 10MJ of 10MW, the Fire Radiation loss gets 25%, then only has the 7.5MJ heat to be used to heat flue gas and air; The gas ratio of specific heat is held c and is got 1010kg ^-1K ^-1, substitution formula 3 Δ t=0.26K, i.e. gas mean temperature per second rising 0.26K in the fire section, according to the isobaric equation of gas:

V _t＝V ₀(1+t/273) (4)

The gas per second enlarges 0.26/273 times in the fire section as can be known, is 25000m because of gas volume in the fire section is constant ³, the gas dilatation that is heated is 23.8m ³/ s.

2.3 gas volume total increment

Though the combustion products temperature is very high, but its expanded by heating amount also in the fire section other gas include in the calculating of formula 3, formula 4, the gas total increment is the combustion product dilatation and adds the gas volume swell increment of being heated in the fire process, is 25.58m for its gas total increment of fire of 10MW ³/ s, this numerical value is much smaller than the growing amount of fire smoke.Therefore the exhaust air rate in the fire section only needs can make this section keep negative pressure state greater than the fire gases total increment, and fire smoke will can not diffuse to adjacent smoke bay.

Gasoline generates carbon monoxide and carbon when imperfect combustion in addition, and roughly available following reaction equation is represented:

(5)

(6)

Generate the 1.53mol gaseous products with respect to the every consumption of completing combustion 1mol oxygen, the imperfect combustion in formula 5 formulas 6 all produces the gaseous products of 2mol, when also being imperfect combustion, is 2.33m because of gaseous products increases the volume that increases ³/ s, during for completing combustion 1.31 times.But because its combustion heat of imperfect combustion will significantly reduce, gas also will significantly reduce because of the volume that temperature rise increases in the fire section, and final total dilatation is few during on the contrary than completing combustion.

By above analysis as can be known, scene of a fire gas volume total increment is only relevant with fire scale, comburant and sufficient combustion degree, thermal radiation loss, and with the volume-independent of fire compartment, and with fire scale relation in direct ratio.

The present invention can also successfully manage the attack of terrorism of subway poison gas except that the control smoke diffusion.In March nineteen ninety-five, the input Schain poison gas attack of terrorism in the shock whole world takes place in the Tokyo subway, causes 12 people's death, 5512 people injured.Now the world affairs are increasingly sophisticated, emerge in an endless stream at innocent civilians' the attack of terrorism, adopt the anti-purging mode of tradition can make poison gas diffusion everywhere with the wind in the input AT STATION.As long as and subregion Smoke prevention pattern can be determined the position in poison gas source, open the smoke evacuation system in the corresponding smoke bay rapidly, poison gas can be controlled in this subregion, can reduce to dangerous and injury minimum.

In sum, after adopting above technical scheme, the subregion fume-resisting system can with less exhaust smoke level with Fire Smoke Control in the subregion of the scene of a fire, thereby the personnel that are in outside the smoke bay of the scene of a fire can be evacuated in smokeless environment calmly, also can safe escape as long as the personnel in the smoke bay withdraw adjacent sectors to, also help safety evacuation in the subregion to ground and the fire-fighting and rescue personnel launch to put out a fire to save life and property action near the scene of a fire as far as possible, after implementing to guaranteeing that underground public place safety has significance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a fire subregion Smoke prevention schematic diagram in the tunnel of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a subregion Smoke prevention schematic diagram in the Subway Station Platform of the present invention district.

Fig. 3 is subway station of the present invention stair punishment district's Smoke prevention schematic diagram.

Among the figure: burning things which may cause a fire disaster 1, fire smoke 2, Smoke prevention air curtain 3, smoke bay 4, smoke discharging pipe 5, exhaust opening 6, evacuating personnel direction 7, Smoke prevention curtain 8, new wind 9.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are described further:

As shown in Figure 1, working as the train breaking out of fire in railway tunnel is parked in a certain smoke bay 4, detecting burning things which may cause a fire disaster 1, fire smoke 2 or crew member by the fire automatic monitoring system reports a fire, after examining, control centre can start the fire evacuation prediction scheme immediately, exhaust opening 6, the startup smoke exhaust fan at first opening Smoke prevention air curtain 3, open in the fire subregion are got rid of fire smoke 2 by smoke discharging pipe 5, only need be greater than 25.58m for the fire of 10MW ³The exhaust air rate of/s just can make and form negative pressure in the scene of a fire smoke bay 4, and fire smoke 2 will be controlled in this smoke bay 4, enters adjacent sectors and also can flow back to reflux airflow even there is part fire smoke 2 to pass Smoke prevention air curtain 3.Therefore no matter burning things which may cause a fire disaster 1 is in headstock, middle part or the tailstock of train, the passenger can evacuate respectively to train two along two evacuating personnel directions 7, enters adjacent smokeless section and in an organized way evacuates to safe region.

Breaking out of fire also can be adopted the same manner control fire smoke in Subway Station Platform layer or station hall layer, as shown in Figure 2, utilize activity Smoke prevention curtain 8 that the station is divided into several independently smoke bays 4, in case the generation condition of a fire is opened the exhaust opening 6 in the fire subregion immediately and is outwards got rid of fire smokes 2, puts down activity Smoke prevention curtain 8 so that fire smoke 2 is controlled in this smoke bay 4 as early as possible by smoke discharging pipe 5.In order to reduce influence to evacuating personnel, Smoke prevention curtain 8 puts down its bottom, back should have certain altitude apart from flooring, perhaps Smoke prevention curtain 8 puts down its bottom, back and is adjacent to flooring, but on Smoke prevention curtain 8, open opening as evacuating mouth, new wind 9 can replenish the smoke bay 4 that into catches fire by slit between curtain and floor or the opening on the curtain, also can adopt Smoke prevention air curtain 3 to divide smoke bay 4 certainly.Staircase or up and down the position that communicates of floor can as shown in Figure 3 the zone that is communicated be divided into a smoke bay 4.

The present invention can assist spray equipment is set, thereby plays the compacting intensity of a fire, protection activity curtain 4, reduce fire smoke 2 temperature and reduce effects such as critical exhaust smoke level.

The subregion fume control system can be widely used in the space of numerous underground spaces such as railway, highway, subway sectional tunnel and subway station, market place builet below the ground, underground storehouse, underground parking or relative closure fire smoke being carried out prevention and control, also can effectively reduce personnel's injury of the underground space poison gas attack of terrorism.

Claims

1, a kind of underground space partition smoke-controlled system, mainly form by Smoke prevention curtain, smoke exhaust fan, exhaust opening and pipeline, it is characterized in that: fire condition Smoke prevention curtain controllable initiating or expansion, the underground space is divided into independently smoke bay, the controlled unlatching of exhaust opening in the smoke bay is outwards discharged fume.

2, underground space partition smoke-controlled system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Smoke prevention curtain is an air curtain.

3, underground space partition smoke-controlled system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Smoke prevention curtain is movable fire-resistant Smoke prevention curtain.

4, activity Smoke prevention curtain according to claim 3 is characterized in that: fully adjacent smoke bay is not separated after the Smoke prevention curtain puts down.

5, activity Smoke prevention curtain according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the Smoke prevention curtain is made up of the polylith curtain, is provided with seam therebetween.

6, activity Smoke prevention curtain according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the Smoke prevention curtain is provided with opening.

7, underground space partition smoke-controlled system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Smoke prevention curtain top is provided with the device of water spray or water smoke.