CN1920956A - 具有覆引线的磁记录头 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种带覆引线垫的磁头,所述覆引线垫接触所述硬偏置结构之间所述传感器的顶表面且不接触所述硬偏置结构,所述硬偏置结构从与所述传感器的直接接触电绝缘。所述传感器顶上所述引线垫接触区域通过导电材料的侧壁沉积定义从而在形成所述引线的其余部分之前在光致抗蚀剂上形成引线垫。以浅角沉积用于所述引线垫的导电材料从而最大化抗蚀剂上的侧壁沉积,然后以陡角离子研磨从而从水平区域去除所述导电材料且同时留下所述侧壁材料。绝缘层以陡角沉积在所述引线材料上,然后以浅角研磨从而从所述侧壁去除绝缘。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于检测磁记录介质中的磁场的薄膜磁换能器,更特别地,涉及磁盘驱动器中使用的磁换能器。
背景技术
普通现有技术的头和盘系统10以简图形式示于图1中。运行时磁换能器20被悬臂13支承飞行于盘16上方。通常称为“头”或“滑块”的磁换能器20由执行在包括于薄膜21中的磁介质中写磁转变任务的元件(写头23)和读磁转变的元件(读头12)构成。送往和来自读和写头12、23的电信号沿导电路径(引线)14传输,导电路径14附着到悬臂13或嵌入其中。磁换能器20位于距盘16的中心变化的径向距离的点之上从而读和写环形道(未示出)。盘16附着到心轴(spindle)18,心轴18被心轴马达24驱动从而旋转盘16。盘16包括其上沉积多层薄膜21的衬底26。薄膜21包括铁磁材料,写头23在铁磁材料中记录磁转变,信息编码在磁转变中。介质中的磁畴可以被纵向或垂直地写。滑块的读和写头部分利用薄膜处理技术成层构建。通常,首先形成读头,但是也可以先制造写头。传统写头为感应式。
在利用垂直记录的盘驱动器中,记录头设计为引导磁通沿通常垂直于盘平面的方向穿过记录层。通常,用于垂直记录的盘具有硬磁记录层和软磁衬层。在利用单极型头的记录操作期间,磁通从记录头的主极垂直引导穿过硬磁记录层,然后进入软磁衬层平面中及回到记录头中的返回极。主极和任何屏蔽件的形状和尺寸是决定道宽的主要因素。
垂直磁记录因为超高密度磁记录而被认为优于纵向磁记录。对更高面密度的增大的需求已经相应地导致对减小写极片宽度、提高写场强度、以及改善写场梯度的探求途径的增大需求。实验证据和模拟已经显示拖尾屏蔽单极写器(SPT)设计实现了优于用未屏蔽极的拖尾边缘写入的4-5dB介质信噪比的优势,头场的dHy/dx增大,减小了局部擦除,且改善了饱和。这些特征改善了转变锐度(sharpness)(线分辨率)且允许更高矫顽场介质(改善的稳定性)。
用于读传感器的引线覆盖设计提供了改善的稳定性和幅度(amplitude)的优点。主要问题是宽MRW。在此设计中,通过传感器之上导电引线的分隔控制的道宽小于传感器的全宽。引线覆盖设计移动道边缘远离有源传感器区域。带有覆引线的现有技术自旋阀头12A以平行于气垫面(未示出)截取的剖视图示于图2中。此特定实施例所示的引线36a、36b包括三子层:钽37、铬38和铑39。钽和铬层用作铑的籽层。沉积引线与自旋阀传感器35和硬偏置结构33a、33b的顶表面接触。间隙层位于两硬偏置结构33a、33b以及传感器35下面。硬偏置结构33a、33b示出为单个元件,即使它们包括多于一层,例如铬层(未示出),接着为CoPtCr层(未示出)。为了简洁,自旋阀35也示出为单个实体,即使它包括数层。
在Pinarbasi等人2004年12月23日的已公开关国专利申请20040257713中,描述了带引线的引线覆盖磁致电阻传感器,所述引线具有基本垂直的端壁从而在引线末端附近增强检测电流。绝缘层将硬偏置层从检测电流路径隔离。在第一光致抗蚀剂去顶结构被去除之后,形成且构图第二光致抗蚀剂层。第二光致抗蚀剂层没有通常的底切去顶结构。替代地,第二光致抗蚀剂层具有基本垂直的壁。引线材料可以从低电阻、基本不活泼的导体例如铑、金、钌等方便地选择。
在Webb等人2003年1月16日的已公开美国专利申请20030011943中,描述了具有覆引线的自旋阀传感器的各种实施例。底型自旋阀的第一实施例沉积帽层在传感器之上然后“开切口”从而暴露传感器的外边缘。沉积覆引线与传感器的暴露侧面接触。第二实施例在沉积覆引线之前“开切口”向下穿过自由层以及帽层然后再填充以铜和NiFe。第三实施例在沉积覆引线之前“开切口”向下穿过自由层且部分到间隔层中,然后再填充以NiFe。第四实施例在沉积覆引线之前“开切口”向下穿过自由层且完全穿过间隔层,然后再填充以NiFe。顶型自旋阀实施例在形成接触被钉扎层的引线之前开切口穿过帽层、AFM层且可选地进入或穿过被钉扎层。
在Dovek等人2005年1月13日的已公开美国专利申请20050007706中描述了一种设计,其中在底型自旋阀设计中额外的反铁磁层添加到覆引线之下。额外的反铁磁层延伸越过硬偏置垫(pad)到自旋阀顶部上且与引线材料相连。据称,硬偏置垫提供的纵向偏置延伸,正好到引线边缘没有衰减,使得传感器的物理和磁宽度基本相同。
发明内容
本发明一实施例是能够用于盘驱动器中的读头以及制造该读头的方法,具有覆引线(overlaid lead)垫(pad),其接触硬偏置结构之间的传感器的顶表面从而定义传感器的电有源区域(electrically active region)。所述硬偏置结构通过绝缘材料层从与传感器侧面的直接接触电绝缘。通过导电材料的侧壁沉积从而在所述引线的其余部分的形成之前在光致抗蚀剂上形成引线垫,传感器顶上的接触面积被最小化。通过使用侧壁沉积从而形成引线垫,传感器上的接触面积被最小化,这是本发明的一个优点。用于传感器的层优选包括钌帽。钌氧化物是导电的,因此它提供导电性以及侵蚀防护。为了制造所述头,传感器的背边缘首先被研磨,然后沉积绝缘层从而从而将所述背边缘从所述引线的接触绝缘。CMP之后,光致抗蚀剂垫构图在所述传感器的区域之上从而定义所述硬偏置结构。传感器堆叠被部分研磨穿(开切口)从而暴露选定层的侧部,其中将形成硬偏置结构。沉积薄绝缘层从而电绝缘所述传感器的侧面,然后形成硬偏置结构。CMP用来使用于硬偏置结构的抗蚀剂去顶(liftoff)。用于引线的光致抗蚀剂形成在传感器的中央上方。小的导电材料垫(覆引线垫)在多步工艺中形成在传感器上。首先导电材料以浅角(shallowangle)沉积从而最大化光致抗蚀剂上的侧壁沉积,然后陡角(high angle)离子研磨被用来从水平区域(field)去除所述导电材料而留下侧壁材料。绝缘层以陡角沉积在引线材料上,然后以浅角研磨从而从侧壁去除绝缘层且将其留在水平表面(field surface)上。然后沉积导电材料层与覆引线垫电接触。剥离光致抗蚀剂垫,留下引线垫和导电引线材料在原位。如果该传感器包括钌帽,则其优选在此时被去除,小心不要去除过多量的材料,这将损坏所述传感器。这里可以继续进行现有技术工艺从而添加额外引线层,其形成为与引线垫接触从而将所述引线结构延伸到滑块外以提供用于所述传感器的电接触。
附图说明
图1是现有技术盘驱动器中选定部件的示意图。
图2是垂直于气垫面截取的带覆引线的现有技术读传感器的截面示意图。
图3A是在根据本发明制造带覆引线的传感器的工艺中的第一阶段晶片的平面图的示意图。
图3B是根据本发明传感器的背边缘已经被研磨且再填充以绝缘材料之后垂直于晶片的表面截取的截面的示意图。
图4是根据本发明已经在传感器的侧面形成硬偏置结构之后垂直于晶片表面截取的截面的示意图。
图5是在图4所示的阶段之后根据本发明一实施例光致抗蚀剂垫已经构图在传感器的中央之上且已经沉积导电材料层之后垂直于晶片表面截取的截面的示意图。
图6是在图5所示的阶段之后,根据本发明一实施例在以陡角研磨导电材料之后,垂直于晶片表面截取的截面的示意图。
图7是在图6所示的阶段之后,根据本发明一实施例在已经沉积绝缘材料层且然后以浅角研磨从而从侧壁去除所述绝缘材料之后,垂直于晶片表面截取的截面的示意图。
图8是在图7所示的阶段之后,根据本发明一实施例在已经沉积导电材料层与侧壁上的引线垫材料接触之后,垂直于晶片表面截取的截面的示意图。
图9是在图8所示的阶段之后,根据本发明一实施例在光致抗蚀剂在引线覆盖垫之间已经被剥离之后且已经研磨去掉传感器上的帽层之后,垂直于晶片表面截取的截面的示意图。
图10是根据本发明的方法一实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一实施例是带覆引线的读头,所述覆引线仅沿受限区域接触传感器的顶部。图3A是在根据本发明制造带覆引线的传感器的工艺中的第一阶段晶片40的平面图的示意图。附图未按比例,因为尺寸的大范围将使得图不清楚。除了特别说明以外,尺寸为根据现有技术。传感器材料层的堆叠41在图3A所示的工艺点已经被研磨穿从而定义传感器的背边缘。图3B是在传感器的背边缘已经被研磨且再填充以绝缘材料42之后垂直于晶片40的表面截取的截面的示意图。用于传感器的层优选包括钌帽层41A。钌氧化物是导电的,因此它提供导电性以及侵蚀防护。
CMP之后,图4所示的硬偏置结构44形成在传感器侧面。在一优选实施例中传感器堆叠41仅部分研磨穿(开切口)从而暴露选定层的面,在那里将形成硬偏置结构。在形成硬偏置结构之前沉积薄绝缘层45从而电绝缘传感器的侧面。绝缘层优选为通过原子层沉积(ALD)沉积的氧化铝且在侧壁上应约为50至70埃厚。CMP用来使用于硬偏置结构的抗蚀剂去顶。所得结构示于图4中。硬偏置结构的内部层为根据现有技术。
光致抗蚀剂垫46构图在传感器的中心附近从而定义传感器的有源区域(active area),其将基本对称地位于引线之间,如图5所示。硬偏置结构之间传感器材料41的宽度宽于定义传感器的电有源区的覆盖垫之间的区域。小的导电材料垫(覆引线垫)将以多步工艺形成在传感器之上。通过利用侧壁沉积来形成引线垫,传感器上的接触区域被最小化,其是本发明的一个优点。
以浅角沉积导电材料48从而最大化光致抗蚀剂上的侧壁沉积。然后陡角离子研磨被用来从平面区域去除导电材料,同时仅留下图6所示的侧壁材料从而形成引线覆盖垫48A、48B。形成在侧壁上的引线垫在硬偏置结构之间且不接触硬偏置结构。这以有利的结果定义和控制导电接触的区域。因而每个引线垫的宽度必须小于第一和第二硬偏置结构之间的距离的一半。
绝缘层51以陡角沉积在引线材料上且然后以浅角被研磨从而去除引线垫侧面上的绝缘层,如图7所示。绝缘层51的目的是将传感器上的电流承载区域限制到引线垫下面的区域。因为硬偏置结构与传感器电绝缘,不需要绝缘层延伸到硬偏置结构之上。接着引线材料53沉积在晶片之上从而连接到引线垫的侧面,如图8所示。侧壁引线垫的下部分通过引线材料层被加强。
光致抗蚀剂被剥离,留下带连接引线材料53的引线覆盖垫48A、48B被暴露,如图9所示。该图示出在传感器的光致抗蚀剂原来位于的现在被暴露的区域中已经被研磨穿的钌帽层41A。钌帽可被研磨而不需要额外的掩模化,但是应注意不要因为过度研磨而损坏下面的传感器。
可根据现有技术完成引线结构的剩余部分,现有技术通常构建导电材料的额外层来成形和引导引线至传感器外。
图10是根据本发明的方法的一实施例的流程图。首先沉积传感器层堆叠且应优选包括如上所述的钌帽81。传感器的背边缘被研磨且晶片被再填充以绝缘材料,所述绝缘材料将使传感器的背边缘从与引线的接触绝缘82。CMP之后,传感器侧面的用于硬偏置结构的开口被研磨,沉积薄绝缘层从而将硬偏置结构从传感器电绝缘,然后沉积硬偏置结构的层且CMP被用来使用于硬偏置结构的抗蚀剂顶离83。使硬偏置结构之间的分隔宽于用于传感器的有源区域的预定目标区域。抗蚀剂垫制造在硬偏置结构之间传感器的中心附近84。此垫定义传感器的有源区的宽度且其窄于硬偏置结构之间传感器材料的宽度。以浅角沉积用于引线垫的导电材料从而最大化抗蚀剂上的侧壁沉积且然后进行从预定角的研磨从而从侧壁之外的区域去除引线材料85。剩余的侧壁引线材料将形成引线垫。以预定角沉积绝缘材料且以浅角研磨从而去除引线垫侧面的绝缘层86。然后导电引线材料沉积在晶片上从而与引线垫的暴露侧面电接触87。然后剥离抗蚀剂88。如果钌帽是传感器的一部分,则优选在此阶段去除它,小心不要损坏有源区域传感器89。在此时可以继续现有技术工艺以添加额外引线层,其形成为与接触引线垫的引线材料接触从而将引线结构延伸到滑块外。
已经相关于特定实施例描述了本发明,但是根据本发明的薄膜结构的其它的使用和应用对本领域技术人员将变得显然。
Claims (20)
1.一种在晶片上制造薄膜磁传感器的方法,包括步骤:
沉积用于薄膜磁传感器的薄膜层的堆叠;
在所述薄膜磁传感器的第一和第二侧在预定位置形成第一和第二硬偏置结构;
在所述磁传感器的选择来作为第一和第二覆引线垫之间的所述传感器的有源区域的预定中央区域之上形成抗蚀剂垫;
从沉积在所述抗蚀剂的侧壁上与所述磁传感器电接触且与所述硬偏置结构电绝缘的导电材料形成第一和第二引线垫;以及
在所述晶片上沉积导电引线材料,所述导电引线材料与第一和第二引线垫电接触。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中形成第一和第二引线垫的步骤还包括在所述晶片上包括在所述抗蚀剂的所述侧壁上沉积导电材料,然后去除不在所述第一和第二侧壁上的所述导电材料,使得在所述侧壁上的所述导电材料不与所述硬偏置结构电接触且与所述磁传感器电接触。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中形成第一和第二引线垫的步骤还包括在去除所述导电材料的步骤之后执行的在所述晶片上沉积电绝缘材料且然后从所述第一和第二引线垫的所述侧壁去除所述电绝缘材料的步骤。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中形成第一和第二引线垫的步骤还包括以浅角沉积导电材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中去除不在所述第一和第二侧壁上的所述导电材料的步骤还包括以陡角研磨。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中从所述第一和第二引线垫的所述侧壁去除所述电绝缘材料的步骤还包括以浅角研磨。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括去除所述抗蚀剂垫且研磨掉引线垫之间的区域中所述磁传感器上的帽的步骤。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在研磨开口的步骤之前进行的通过在预定位置研磨穿晶片上用于磁传感器的层且用电绝缘材料再填充所述晶片来形成所述磁传感器的背边缘的步骤。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在沉积用于所述第一和第二硬偏置结构的层之前沉积电绝缘材料的层的步骤还包括利用ALD沉积氧化铝薄层。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中形成第一和第二硬偏置结构的步骤还包括通过在沉积用于所述第一和第二硬偏置结构的层之前沉积电绝缘材料的层从而将所述第一和第二硬偏置结构与所述磁传感器电绝缘。
11.一种薄膜磁头,包括:
传感器,具有设置在第一和第二硬偏置结构之间的第一表面,所述传感器与所述第一和第二硬偏置结构电绝缘;以及
第一和第二导电引线垫,与所述传感器电接触且提供到所述传感器的电连接,所述第一和第二引线垫位于所述第一和第二硬偏置结构之间,所述第一和第二导电引线垫之间的间隙定义所述传感器的电有源区域。
12.如权利要求11所述的薄膜磁头,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫的宽度选择为使得所述第一和第二导电引线垫不与所述第一或第二硬偏置结构交迭。
13.如权利要求11所述的薄膜磁头,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫的宽度选择为使得所述第一和第二导电引线垫远离所述第一和第二硬偏置结构接触所述磁传感器且绝缘材料层从所述第一和第二导电引线垫的外边缘延伸到所述第一和第二硬偏置结构之上。
14.如权利要求11所述的薄膜磁头,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫形成为与在所述第一和第二导电引线垫下面作为所述传感器的一部分的帽层接触,所述帽层在所述第一和第二导电引线垫之间已经被去除。
15.如权利要求11所述的薄膜磁头,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫形成为与所述第一和第二导电引线垫下面的钌帽层接触且在所述第一和第二导电引线垫之间所述钌帽层已经被去除。
16.一种盘驱动器,包括:
带有磁转变记录于其中的薄膜磁材料的盘;
用于读取所述磁材料中的所述磁转变的读头,包括:
传感器;
第一和第二硬偏置结构,其通过电绝缘材料层从与所述传感器的直接电接触分隔开;
第一和第二导电引线垫,与所述传感器电接触且提供到所述传感器的电连接,所述第一和第二引线垫位于所述第一和第二硬偏置结构之间,所述第一和第二导电引线垫定义所述传感器的电有源区。
17.如权利要求16所述的盘驱动器,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫的宽度选择为使得所述第一和第二导电引线垫不与所述第一或第二硬偏置结构交迭。
18.如权利要求16所述的盘驱动器,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫的宽度选择为使得所述第一和第二导电引线垫远离所述第一和第二硬偏置结构接触所述磁传感器,且电绝缘材料层从所述第一和第二导电引线垫的外边缘延伸到所述第一和第二硬偏置结构之上。
19.如权利要求16所述的盘驱动器,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫形成为与在所述第一和第二导电引线垫下面作为所述传感器的一部分的帽层接触,且在所述第一和第二导电引线垫之间所述帽层已经被去除。
20.如权利要求16所述的盘驱动器,其中所述第一和第二导电引线垫形成为与所述第一和第二导电引线垫之下的钌帽层接触,且在所述第一和第二导电引线垫之间所述钌帽层已经被去除。
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JP2007059908A (ja) | 2007-03-08 |
CN1920956B (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
US20070048624A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
US7497008B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
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