The specific embodiment
In Fig. 3 and 4, the helmet 1 comprises: the interior layer that is formed by deformable foam material liners 7; The flexible connecting device that forms by cap 8 for example; And the exterior layer that forms by a plurality of outer rigid housing parts 9.Housing parts 9 is securely fixed on the cap 8, and is hinged by cap 8.The cap of being made by flexible fabric material or natural elastomer 8 preferably covers foam pad 7, and guarantees hinged between housing parts 9.Housing parts 9 is fixed and is arranged on the cap 8, forms crown moieties 9a, occipital bone part 9b, four lateral sides part 9c and anterior part 9d by this way.In the specific embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 31, different housing parts 9 do not connect, but gap separated from one another 10.In the time of on the helmet 1 is worn over account, the gap 10 of these separation makes housing parts 9 hinged very flexibly.
Cap 8 is connected on the foam pad 7, when the helmet 1 is shaped on account, allows by this way between foam pad 7 and a part of housing parts 9, to slide a little.Connection between foam pad 7 and cap 8 for example realizes by the seam of cap 8 that this seam is along the whole surrounded by edges foam pad 7 of the helmet 1.Therefore, this structure allows to slide a little between foam pad 7 and cap 8, these cap 8 supporting and hinged housing parts 9.In the time of on the helmet 1 is worn over account, the whole helmet 1 keeps flexible, and this slides a little and makes the helmet 1 be easy to distortion.
Can select embodiment to comprise and between foam pad 7 and cap 8, realize connecting by bonding foam pad 7 and cap 8 below crown moieties 9a.Then, crown moieties 9a is fixed on the foam pad 7, and anterior part 9d, occipital bone part 9b and lateral sides part 9c form " headband " of the helmet 1, and when being designed to when the helmet 1 is worn over account on execution with respect to the slip a little of foam pad 7.
Housing parts 9 is a rigidity, and is preferably made by vibration-proof material.Selected materials preferably must have enough rigidity, so that vibratory impulse is distributed on the whole foam pad 7.Copolymer (being called ABS), long fiber thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix compound or or even aluminium that described material for example forms from Merlon (PC), by acrylonitrile, butadiene and third ethene.The preferably about 1mm to 3mm of the thickness of housing parts 9.
Housing parts 9 is made by industrial known method, particularly by injection, hot forming, compression or drawing.For example, crown moieties 9a directly can be injected on the cap 8, and other parts 9 are bonding or be welded on the cap 8.In kind, can also weld, sew up or even bonding all housing parts 9 or a part of housing parts 9.
In the selected embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 6, the difference of protective helmet 1 and previous embodiment is the shape of housing parts 9.These housing parts can comprise edge 19, and the thickness at this edge 19 is less than or equal to the thickness of housing parts 9, and are designed to block the Separation 10 between housing parts 9, penetrate and improve security of users so that prevent any sharp objects.For example, edge 19 be stacked and placed on the top of adjacent shells part 9 or below, they cooperate with these adjacent shells parts 9, so that optimize security of users.In Fig. 5 and 6, lateral sides part 9c comprises edge 19c, this edge 19c is designed to cooperate with crown moieties 9a and occipital bone part 9b, anterior part 9d comprises edge 19d, this edge 19d is designed to cooperate with crown moieties 9a and a part of lateral sides part 9c, and occipital bone part 9b comprises edge 19b, and this edge 19b is designed to cooperate with crown moieties 9a.
Can select among the embodiment at unshowned another, housing parts 9 hot formings are in single plate, so that form the single shell that covers foam pad 7 fully, and the zone of big thickness formation housing parts 9, the zone of less thickness constitutes the less material bridging part that connects housing parts 9.Thinner zone is formed for the hinge of hinged housing part 9, and can meet different safety standards, particularly penetrates test about the circular cone that is highlighted by standard EN 1077.
In the specific embodiment of Fig. 3 to 6, cap 8 is made by fabric or elastomer.It is preferably bored a hole so that strengthen ventilative.Cap 8 is preferably made by the anti-perforated fabric tough and tensile polyester type of height, that raising is breathed freely.
In the particular instance of flexible and spring caps 8, elasticity must be limited, and is spaced apart too far and housing parts 9 and cap 8 are got loose each other to avoid housing parts 9.This feature is very important, particularly when the helmet is subjected to sharp objects and impacts, and the protection user so that meet the standard EN 1077 of the helmet that is used to ski.
Shown in Fig. 3,4 and 7,8, the helmet 1 advantageously comprises the lap belt 12 that fixedly secures on cap 8.The helmet 1 comprises jaw band 12a and harness threading belt (harnessing strap) 12b.In Fig. 6, harness threading belt 12b surrounds foam pad 7 by top and rear portion, so that guarantee good security and good anti-loose property.Jaw band 12a and harness threading belt 12b for example sew up or are riveted on the cap 8.
Foam pad 7 shown in Fig. 7 and 8 is made by semi-rigid cellular material, thereby absorbs the compression impact energy, and can be by its material and its geometry and flexural deformation can farthest be fit to user's nose shape when putting on the helmet 1 with box lunch.Therefore, the helmet 1 is equivalent to real deformable guard shield.
Foam pad 7 for example passes through by polymer foams; Expansioning polypropylene for example; Plate carries out truncation and makes.The thickness of foamed material is about 15mm to 30mm, and density is about 60g/l to 100g/l.The shock-absorbing properties of this foamed material has memory effect, thereby makes it can return its original shape after vibration.After percussion was on the helmet 1, foam pad 7 returned its original shape.
Preferably, foam pad 7 comprises a plurality of otch 11 on its wall thickness.Preferably, this otch 11 departs from respect to the gap 10 that housing parts 9 is separated, and mainly is for security reason, and prevents that any sharp-pointed article from penetrating.The major function of otch 11 is the distortion that promote foam pad 7 on the helmet 1 is worn over account the time.They can also make the air of being collected by the passage among the crown moieties 9a 15 well circulate (Fig. 3 and 7).Passage 15 in fact preferably is being positioned to face the otch 11 (Fig. 7) of foam pad 7.
Shown in Fig. 4,7,9 and 10, the helmet 1 advantageously comprises headband adjusting device 14, and this headband adjusting device 14 is designed to regulate the size of the helmet 1, and will compress and better be distributed in user's headband level place, so that optimize his/her comfortableness.Adjusting device 14 is preferably inserted among the occipital bone part 9b, and feasible all housing parts 9 that constitute the headband of the helmet 1; Be occipital bone part 9b, anterior part 9d and a part of lateral sides part 9c; Can both move toward each other.For example, shown in Fig. 4 and 7, adjusting device 14 forms by quick lap belt or from clamping band, thereby connects occipital bone part 9b and two lateral sides part 9c.
In the selected embodiment of the adjusting device shown in Fig. 9 14, system regulates by multidirectional fastening (lacing).Adjusting device 14 comprises frenulum 20, and this frenulum 20 is wrapped on the embossing knob 21, and this embossing knob 21 preferably is fixed on the occipital bone part 9b.The frenulum 20 feasible housing parts 9 that form the headband of the helmet 1 interconnect, and through tension point 22, this tie-down point 22 preferably is arranged on the edge of housing parts 9.The operation of adjusting device 14 comprises driving embossing knob 21, for example strains the helmet 1 along clockwise direction and loosens the helmet 1 in the counterclockwise direction.This tension can be regulated the degree of depth of the headband and the helmet 1 simultaneously.
In another optional embodiment shown in Figure 10, system regulates by rack-and-pinion.Adjusting device 14 comprises lug 23, and this lug 23 is equipped with a plurality of teeth 24 that form tooth bar, and it is designed to cooperate with pinion 25, and this pinion 25 preferably is fixed on the occipital bone part 9b.Lug 23 for example is formed in the extension of sidepiece part 9c, and inserts in the pinion 25 of occipital bone part 9b, so that make the part 9 that forms the helmet 1 headband move toward each other.The operation of adjusting device 14 comprises makes tooth 24 slip in the pinion 25 so that the tension helmet 1, and pushes two buttons 26 of pinion 25 so that discharge lug 23 and loosen the helmet 1.
In Figure 11, represented three-decker, i.e. foam pad 7, cap 8 and housing parts 9.Cap 8 covers foam pad 7 fully, and the otch 11 of foam pad 7 departs from respect to the gap 10 that housing parts 9 is separated.Cap 8 representatives guarantee to carry out hinged flexible connecting member between housing parts 9.Therefore, this structure promotes the slip between foam pad 7 and shell part 9, so that make the helmet 1 obtain best distortion.Minim gap between foam pad 7 and cap 8; In Fig. 7, represent in exaggerative mode; Reacted and between foam pad 7 and shell part 9, formed the possibility of sliding.
The difference of the selected embodiment of Figure 12 and previous embodiment is the shape of foam pad 7.Foam pad 7 is included in the skiving zone 16 in its wall thickness, so that promote the distortion of foam pad 7.Preferably depart from respect to the gap between housing parts 9 10 in this skiving zone 16.This foam pad structure with skiving zone 16 can prevent that sharp-pointed article from penetrating the danger of the helmet 1, thereby improves security of users greatly.
Comprise the foam pad 7 that provides sandwich construction at the selected embodiment shown in Figure 13.Foam pad 7 is formed by stacked plate 27, thereby good compression absorbability and elasticity of flexure feature are arranged, so that guarantee the more large deformation ability of whole foam pad 7, and assurance user's comfortableness and security.Preferably the plate of being made by foamed material 27 can have heterogeneity, so that the density of the foam pad 7 that acquisition gradually changes, thereby promote comfortableness and absorbing.
The optional embodiment of the helmet 1 that schematically illustrates in Figure 14 and the difference of previous embodiment are the shape of cap 8.Separate space 13 is formed on the cap 8 in this example, and housing parts 9 is packed in this separate space 13.Housing parts 9 freely is in the separate space 13, and this separate space fixedly secures on cap 8.Separate space 13, and is made by having more ornamental material at their outer surface by making with cap 8 identical materials at their inner surface.The helmet 1 allows to slide a little between housing parts 9 and cap 8.Therefore, the distortion of the helmet 1 by between foam pad 7 and the shell part 9 and the slip a little between cap 8 and the shell part 9 become best.
For example, for the separate space 13 of covering shell part 9, this can select embodiment can select different fabrics, and for example housing parts 9 can have coarse final user mode.With welding or bonding comparing, the advantage of this scheme is to use the fabric that has elastic characteristic on the whole surface of cap 8.
In Figure 15, the selected embodiment of the helmet 1 and the difference of previous embodiment are to glued joint the flexible connecting device of housing parts 9.Foam pad 7 fixedly secures on crown moieties 9a, and comprises notch portion 11, and this notch portion 11 departs from respect to the Separation between the housing parts 9 10.Crown moieties 9a and lateral sides part 9c are by for example being with 17 to be hinged by what flexible material was made.For example make with 17 by the fabric identical with the fabric that is used for cap 8 in the aforementioned embodiment.
According to the selected embodiment shown in Figure 16, be with 17 can make by elastomer.Housing parts 9 does not connect, and the Separation 10 between housing parts 9 is filled by the elastomer that forms with 17, and this prevents any object penetration, and has improved user security.
In Figure 17, housing parts 9 can overlap a little, so that guarantee the anti-perforation feature of the helmet 1, particularly satisfies the requirement of standard EN 1077.In this particular example, housing parts 9 is by flexible material or elastomericly be with 17 hingedly, and on the helmet 1 is worn over account the time, the overlapping of housing parts 9 can a little slip of overslaugh between foam pad 7 and housing parts 9.
Equally, in Figure 18, the helmet 1 can comprise a plurality of additional shell parts 18, and these additional shell parts 18 fixedly secure on foam pad 7, and is arranged to facing to the Separation 10 between housing parts 9.Housing parts 9 is by flexible material or elastomericly be with 17 hingedly, and is arranged in the face of additional shell part 18.Can guarantee the anti-perforation feature of the helmet 1 like this.
Can select the embodiment (not shown) according to another, the helmet 1 advantageously comprises the outer fabric big envelope of covering shell part 9.This outer envelope makes the helmet 1 that appearance more attractive in appearance can be arranged.For example, the part that outer envelope can a covering shell part 9.For example, crown moieties 9a is exposed, and cover other parts 9b, 9c and 9d with outer envelope.By changing material and the color combinations of outer envelope and crown moieties 9a, this very favorable structure makes the helmet 1 can dream up multiple possibility situation.
Can also obtain the helmet 1 of folding type in addition.Lateral sides part 9c, occipital bone part 9b and anterior part 9d be towards the folded inside of the helmet 1, thereby obviously reduce its overall dimension.Therefore, the helmet 1 can be banked up and transport easilier, for example in haversack.
The helmet 1 has many good qualities.Because the flexibility of structure, can slide between layer and headband adjusting device 14, this deformable helmet structure can cover a plurality of helmet sizes (2 to 3 sizes).
This helmet can enough limited standards covers size range (for example from size 50 to size 63).In addition, it is contemplated that between two dimensional standards, to keep certain certain housing parts 9 (for example crown moieties 9a), and only change the size of other housing parts 9.Like this, making the helmet 1 required number of tools reduces.
Because optimized the thickness and the volume of foam pad 7, so the weight of the helmet 1 reduces greatly.The foamed material effective thickness of optimizing foam pad 7 is to be fit to nose shape.Reducing to regulate the common required dead volume of comfortableness will make foam pad 7 can be placed to very near head.Main effect is to reduce the leverage effects that produces in the lip-deep impact away from head.The helmet 1 can not quicken before the buffering retainer that is formed by user's head.Distribute shock surface better, thereby improve comfortableness and security.
Because the relative motion of each housing parts 9, the helmet 1 structure with housing parts 9 makes the helmet 1 can be fit to nose shape by well-tuned really.Particularly, occipital bone part 9b tightly presses user's head and causes keeping better the helmet 1, and improves the sense of security.The position in housing parts 9 and gap 10 and different shape cause best distortion.In addition, the number of housing parts 9 is many more, and user's comfortableness is high more.
The user can not feel any may cause returning elastically of headache, and the helmet is at the ball volume that keeps being easy to and reduce in addition in comfortable the putting on very much.
More attractive in appearance and the projection of the helmet 1 still less because its overall appearance more resembles cap.The helmet 1 can also improve user's the ken, because its more close head.
When using, might make up according to the material of the outer envelope of crown moieties 9a, other housing parts 9 and covering shell part 9 and the institute of color, will be easy to provide the four corner of the helmet 1.The design of the helmet 1 can be applicable to be provided on the style and function on be suitable for the type in each motion field: aquatic sports, bicycle, bicycle, skating and skidding, spelunking, mountain-climbing, rock-climbing, skiing, skis motion etc.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned different embodiment.In all types of helmets, can make the inner liner of the helmet 1 have draining, ventilative and antibiotic fabric, so that improve the comfortableness of the contact between head and foam pad 7.
Foam pad 7 can be divided into the fritter that is connected with cap 8 separately.Can also make the separate space in the foam pad 7 be full of the foaming bead.Because its particle characteristics, the foam pad 7 of Xing Chenging has very big deformability like this.
Housing parts 9 can the hot forming by plate in single operation, cuts by water jet or by digital control processing then, and then is fixed on cap 8 or is with on 17.
For the ease of the ventilation of the helmet 1,, can also make different housing parts 9 be installed with aperture, and cover these apertures with open net type fabric or venting membrane except the passage 15 of crown moieties 9a.Ventilation also can be undertaken by the fabric of selecting to breathe freely very much at cap 8 or on 17.
Can also use housing parts 9, the cap 8 of other shape or be with 17, between at least a portion housing parts 9 and foam pad 7, can slide a little when the structure of the helmet 1 must make on the helmet 1 is worn over account, so that optimize his/her comfortableness.