CN1909342A - No-inductance direct current motor specially for electric bicycle and its body and electrical control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-inductance high-efficiency direct-current motor used in electric bicycle, relative frame and electric control system, wherein said motor is formed by main motor and auxiliary motor, which can work without changing current direction and magnetic polarity; and the electric winding will not generate inductance; and it can avoid steering device and electric transform circuit. The invention uses radial electric wires to function the force in same direction in one vertical uniform magnetic field. And the invention has simple structure and high working efficiency.

Description

No-inductance direct current motor specially for electric bicycle and car body and electric control system

[technical field]

The present invention relates to a kind of motor and motor control assembly, is special-purpose noninductive efficient wheel hub DC motor of a kind of electric bicycle and electric control system thereof specifically, and wherein motor is called the brushless no inductance wheel hub DC motor of multi-disc type again.

[background technology]

Its basic principle of conventional DC motor is: the coil of energising is subjected to the effect of magnetic field force in a magnetic field.And this hot-wire coil is divided into two sections effective length leads all the time in magnetic field, after connecting it by the both sides lead again, the effect that the lead of these two sections effective lengths produces magnetic field force simultaneously by the opposite relatively electric current of direction simultaneously, these two sections effective length leads just form the hot-wire coil of a closure.But the polarity that in the process of its energising running, must change the hot-wire coil sense of current on time or change magnetic field on time.If magnetic field as stator and hot-wire coil as rotor, rotor whenever circles and then will change the direction of once electrification coil current so, that will change the polarity in a magnetic field perhaps not change the hot-wire coil sense of current.And for example fruit magnetic field as rotor and hot-wire coil as stator, rotor whenever circles so, equally hot-wire coil will change the direction of primary current, does not perhaps change the hot-wire coil sense of current, will change the polarity in a magnetic field too.Only in this way just can keep motor constantly rotates.

[summary of the invention]

The conventional DC motor exists the problem of commutation or commutation all the time, they generally all adopt commutator to commutate or the electronics commutation circuit carries out the change of current, no matter they are that hot-wire coil is carried out the change of current or the energising electromagnetic field is changed polarity, but always need changing sense of current and size on time, the electric current in the hot-wire coil is constantly changed.When the size of current in the hot-wire coil changes, the electromagnetic field of its generation also changes accordingly, along with the variation of electromagnetic field also will inevitably produce induced potential or self inductance current in this hot-wire coil so, this self-induced e.m.f will hamper the variation of primary current all the time, if bring more trouble more can for when the self-induced e.m.f that produces is higher the commutation work of motor, particularly its field coil of alternating current motor is many windings in series, when by alternating current, just can produce in coil than forceful electric power sense effect, because the inductance that produces always will hinder the variation of primary current, the result just makes the electric current that passes through in the coil lag behind voltage, makes its power factor reduce operating efficiency and also reduces.In order to solve the shortcoming of above motor, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of completely newly simple again no inductance efficient DC motor of commutation that do not have.Need not complicated converter during its work, also can not produce inductive effect, thereby make it all improve the operating efficiency of motor in all fields.

(1) generation of operation principle of the present invention and motor thereof: the utilization of this motor is radial arrangement and is radial multiple conducting wires of switching on is subjected to the effect of equidirectional power all the time in a perpendicular uniform magnetic field principle.The multiple conducting wires that will be radial arrangement carries out can becoming as a whole hot-wire coil after all head and the tail are connected in series, after this whole hot-wire coil is connected voltage, just can produce in promptly all active wires by the center of circle and make uniform radial mobile electric current or make uniformly anti-radial mobile electric current by circumferential center of circle direction to circumferencial direction, the direction of their electrical currents is consistent so on the whole.Be the permanent magnet that is in magnetic field that such hot-wire coil provides specially, it is discoid that such permanent magnet should be designed to, and this discoidal permanent magnet just has i.e. two utmost points of two faces, and a face is the S utmost point, and another face is the N utmost point.When the energising the radial arrangement coil and the disk permanent magnet coincide draw close after, and heart position is established a main shaft and is passed coil and permanent magnet simultaneously therein, fix then or with the center and the main shaft of radial coil, or the center of disc permanent magnet and main shaft fixed all can.Radial like this coil just is near the disc permanent magnet vertical with its magnetic line of force the uniform magnetic field, and Tong Dian radial coil just can be subjected to the effect of an equidirectional power and produce relative running in the magnetic field of disc permanent magnet like this.

(2) actual design scheme of the present invention: a main motor and two auxiliary-motors that the present invention is actually design combine.Wherein main motor partly is that design is the coil of radial arrangement and is connected to a fixed the back as stator with main shaft that its center is passed, and is connected the disc permanent magnet back as rotor with the main shaft that its center is passed again by bearing.The design of auxiliary-motor is then opposite with it, is about to hot-wire coil and main shaft and is connected to a fixed the back as rotor, and the disc permanent magnet is connected the back as stator again by bearing with main shaft.In actual design, be the coil of the radial arrangement of energising to be embedded in the two sides all have the discoid stator core the inside of shallow slot to fix.That is to say that coil can directly be wound on this and form as a whole hot-wire coil above discoidal stator core.Again disc permanent magnet and identical shaped rotor core are adhesively fixed, make them become an inseparable integral body separately.In actual design, be wound with coil two faces of conducting magnet core near respectively have the permanent magnet of a heteropolarity that the magnetic field of heteropolarity is provided simultaneously.Behind this coil switch power, can form the electric current that rightabout flows like this, when they are in the different in nature magnetic field, just can make the relative rotation of generation between stator and the rotor like this on the two sides of stator core.Main in practice design of electrical motor installed two disc stator cores be connected into fixed main shaft as a whole, design and installation three discoidal permanent magnets link to each other with rotor core and be connected into an integral body.Each auxiliary-motor is then only installed a disk rotor iron core and is connected into as a wholely with rotating shaft, two discoidal permanent magnets is installed is connected into as a whole with stator core.And design the both sides that two auxiliary-motors are installed in main motor respectively, the transmission of the power of can be simultaneously main motor being slowed down.In the middle of the bicycle running of reality; design the work of only travelling normally of main motor on more flat road surface; and the design auxiliary-motor only when stall start and climbing just to the bigger moment of main motor gear transmission, thereby the work that protection makes main motor need not to load greatly.And the present invention has also carried out full and accurate design to the electric control circuit of electric bicycle and the vehicle frame and the outward appearance of bicycle.

(3) each major part of the present invention specifies

The present invention classifies its main motor part, auxiliary-motor part and electric control system and specifies.

1, main motor part is made up of preceding rotor core, back rotor core, disc motion permanent magnetic body, non-magnetic guiding cycle, fixed screw, front reduction gear gear, back reduction gearing, roller bearing, freewheel clutch, the braking hub of fixing stator main shaft, preceding stator core, back stator core, coil windings, lead perforation and motion.The effect of main motor is only to keep bicycle cruising on comparatively smooth road, and the work that can not climb.

The stator main shaft is the supporter of whole motor, and it is used for fixing two discoidal stator cores and rotatablely moving by support rotor part behind the bearing.The stator main shaft is the more tiny shape in two ends for mid portion is thicker.And thinner shaft portion has respectively been established an elongated key slot that inwardly concaves at its two ends, is used for the connection of two auxiliary-motors and fixing.Also partly established the snap ring that twice are protruded slightly then therebetween, this is the thrust snap ring when two stator cores are installed.Axial portions at stator main shaft two ends also respectively is provided with the lead perforation of one certain-length, is convenient to pass the power lead of connection.The stator main shaft also claims the magnetic conduction main shaft, and it also is a magnetic conductor in the flux loop of whole permanent magnets.The stator main shaft requires to adopt the alloy material processing of high magnetic conduction, high heat conduction, high resistance and high mechanical properties.

Stator core is a disc-shape generally, and the circular hole size in its centre can only allow the stator main shaft just pass.Stator core mainly is for the coiling that is the radial arrangement coil and fixing.The magnetic line of force of guiding magnetic field forms the loop by the back simultaneously.Because of it mainly is coiling and fixed coil, so should also design the groove of more radial arrangement on two side, each groove only gets final product around a lead.All the time be in because of stator core near the magnetic field of rotation, must induce induced current in its iron core, be formed by stacking so can adopt than thin and multiple-piece electrical sheet iron mutually insulated.And the thickness of superimposed stator core must to reach the requirement that the magnetic line of force in two different in nature magnetic fields can pass through smoothly be crucial.Forward and backward stator core is identical generally.Stator core is carrying out needing to fix by the method for expanding with heat and contract with cold in the process of aggregate erection with the stator main shaft, and wherein stator core can be more reasonable by the method that liquid heats.

The all effective body portions of coil windings all are radial the arrangement, and purpose is to impel its electric current that passes through can be from the center of circle to do radially to flow or make its electric current that passes through do anti-radial flowing from circumferential circle centre position to circumference.All electric currents that pass through can be regarded as all the time and flow towards same direction, and when this coil was near the magnetic field, it just can do equidirectional rotatablely moving around axle like this.Main motor has two stator cores in the actual design, has also designed simultaneously two coil windings, and utmost point of each coil windings is connected with the power line in the lead perforation, and the then direct bonding of another utmost point is because the negative pole of power supply is to conduct by car body.Coil windings is connected in parallel after preferably adopting the coil of institute's coiling on each stator core to be further divided into two groups in actual design, and the back electromotive force in the time of can reducing coil working like this improves the width of input speed governing voltage.

Before rotor core mainly be fixed permanent magnet and by bearings rotor part around the stator main axis rotation, it also directly and spoke and wheel be connected to a fixed and constitute the integral type wheel of belt wheel hub motor.Before rotor core be designed to the structure of a dome shape, its circle centre position has a circular hole, this circular hole can pass behind the main shaft and with main shaft and keep minimum gap.In the design of the outside of this circular hole the cylindrical hub of protruding is laterally arranged, it is an integral body that links to each other with preceding rotor core.Excircle place at this hub is equipped with the front reduction gear gear.The bearing that flexibly connects with main shaft is installed at its inner periphery place.The discoidal surface of preceding rotor core inboard then is adhesively fixed with the disc permanent magnet.Back rotor core is then in the form of annular discs, just constitutes hub formula of the cylinder of sealing after it and preceding rotor core are drawn close and coincide, and the center hole of back rotor core also is can pass main shaft and keep minimum gap with main shaft.The cylinder hub has also been designed in the outside of circular hole, and just this cylinder has prolonged some, and the brake of outer expanding also will be installed except installing the bearing by its inner periphery place, and its excircle place also is equipped with the back reduction gearing.Forward and backward rotor core is to coincide by several fixed screws to lock the hub formula motor body that seals that the back constitutes.Rotor core also is the main thoroughfare that the motor-field magnetic line of force constitutes the loop, so rotor core requires to adopt the metal material processing of high magnetic conduction high mechanical properties.

Disc motion permanent magnetic body is the magnetic source of motor-field.Main motor altogether design and installation three permanent magnets that are disc-shape, promptly the inner surface of forward and backward rotor core is respectively installed one, installs one in the space between two disc stator cores again.And the permanent magnet in the middle of this is to fix by the screw at excircle place, be that several fixed screws are installed along the excircle place of preceding rotor core, at first pass be screwed into again behind its hood-like body in the middle of locking in the permanent magnet, and make and remaining less gap, magnetic field when moving between it and the forward and backward stator core.When passing through bigger electric current in the thickness requirement of these three the disc permanent magnets hot-wire coil in its vicinity, still can keep the former of permanent magnet to be magnetic, promptly permanent magnet must reach the thickness of anti-demagnetization.Process (preferably adopting nanometer permanent magnetism to reduce volume) so must adopt magnetic flux density height, coercive force height, magnetic energy product height, permanent magnet that density is big.

Non-magnetic guiding cycle is the excircle place that directly is enclosed within the disc permanent magnet, and it mainly is to make its excircle place and rotor core keep separating the back and carrying out fixation of small distance.In order that do not allow permanent magnet excircle place directly contact, thereby make the more magnetic line of force pacify stator core with rotor core.Can adopt that density is little, the materials processing of non-magnetic conduction.

The front reduction gear gear is made up of freewheel clutch and toothed disc in fact.The drum type brake hub cylindrical place in the rotor core outside before it directly is enclosed within.The auxiliary-motor gear can be by the effect of this reduction gearing to the bigger moment of main motor or wheel transmission.But pass through the effect of the freewheel clutch of reduction gearing when main motor rotation is worked, main motor can't drive auxiliary-motor and rotate simultaneously, can reduce the friction of auxiliary-motor like this.Back reduction gearing is installed on the rotor core of back, and its structure and function and front reduction gear gear are identical.Reduction gearing should adopt non-magnet material processing.

2, the auxiliary-motor part is made up of rotor main shaft, rotor core, armature coil, preceding stator core, back stator core, disc fixed permanent magnet, ball bearing, friction cover, brush, auxiliary-motor fixed frame, frame end cap, fixedly connected of front and back auxiliary-motor, auxiliary-motor gear, fixed screw, retainingf key.The effect of auxiliary-motor group is an operate as normal just when bicycle carries out stall start and climbs only.

The structure of auxiliary-motor is being similar to main electric machine structure substantially, just auxiliary-motor has only designed the rotor core of a charged pivot, and it adopts the mode with rotating armature to design, promptly the permanent magnet that magnetic field is provided fix and the coil of energising as rotor portion, be the armature supply of electrical energy that rotates so it Duo a single brush than main motor.Designed at the two ends of auxiliary-motor rotor core in addition is the friction cover that replaces ball bearing, because auxiliary-motor is just as back work, so stream time is not long.Friction cover in the reality also should design the lubricating oil oil storage hole.The friction cover requires with magnetic conduction, conduction and wear-resisting materials processing.

The fixed frame of auxiliary-motor is made up of fixed host computer frame and frame end cap.Mainframe is a frame body of fixed joint motor, and the inside branch of this frame body can be installed the auxiliary-motor body.At first the excircle stationary part at auxiliary-motor has designed seven flanges, simultaneously also seven corresponding recesses have been designed at the interior empty circumference place of this frame body, after like this auxiliary-motor being installed into, locking several fixed screws again around frame body can be linked to be a firm overall structure with auxiliary-motor and frame body.The portion of projection has designed a circular hole with bayonet below this frame body then, so just two mainframes the two ends of main motor stator main shaft can be installed in, by retainingf key stator main shaft and mainframe are blocked by force again, make they can't swing form as a whole.Adopt before and after one fixedly connected of auxiliary-motor that these two auxiliary-motors are connected and fixed simultaneously firmly at last.

The frame end cap is the inboard that is fixed on the auxiliary-motor frame, it mainly is a part of bearing pressure that supports and share the auxiliary-motor rotor main shaft, rotor main shaft and frame end caps in this prolongation are installed a less ball bearing, so just can make the friction cover at rotor main shaft two ends reduce more pressure.The auxiliary-motor gear is installed on the rotor main shaft between frame end cap and the mainframe, and auxiliary-motor is exactly to carry out work by this gear mesh master's motor or the bigger moment of wheel transmission.In addition also in the outboard end design and installation of auxiliary-motor main shaft brush and slip ring, this is the power supply junction of auxiliary-motor, power supply is received on the electrode of auxiliary-motor coil after by brush, and another utmost point of auxiliary-motor coil is again by getting back to power cathode behind the main shaft bonding.Auxiliary-motor fixed frame and end cap and auxiliary-motor gear require to adopt the materials processing of non-magnetic conduction.

3, electric control system is made up of charger, series battery, safety fuse, brake-protecting relay, starting relay, auxiliary discharge electric capacity, brake switch group, stall start button, key master switch, position, angle automatic controller, main motor zero-speed protection electronic switch, main motor zero-speed guard signal device, main machine governor and the auxiliary speed regulating device of main machine governor, charging diode.Electric control system is only controlled the various working conditions of main motor and auxiliary-motor.

The design of the power supply of this electrical system adopts the mode of double cell series connection to power, main like this be for the operating voltage that improves system relative reduce suitable operating current and line resistance.Brake-protecting relay also is the mains switch of main motor and auxiliary-motor group; its relay sphere of attraction is in series by power supply with the brake switch group and is connected; because the brake switch group is the combined installation of clamp pin of direct and bicycle; as long as any one or two braking brake levers so in bicycle running, hold with a firm grip; the capital is the dump of main motor and auxiliary-motor, thereby also can not cause damage to motor and power supply even reach the operation of error.Starting relay be under the zero-speed starting state with power delivery to the auxiliary-motor group, make their startup work, the sucking coil of starting relay is in series by power supply with the stall start button and is connected, pressing the stall start button during starting earlier can start.Design adopts the mode of relay control will reduce main circuit conductor than the mode that directly adopts contact switch control, reduces resistance, raises the efficiency, and is not easy to be out of order.

The auxiliary discharge capacitor design is combined by three bigger electrochemical capacitor parallel connections of capacity.It is just to carry out parallel discharge work with power supply in the bicycle stall start with when climbing to certain gradient.Main like this is to be burden that alleviates battery and the working dynamics that increases auxiliary-motor.

Position, angle automatic controller is that bicycle running is controlled the equipment of adjusting best operating state automatically under the situation on various gradients road surface.Its control principle is: utilize the mercury conducting liquid that the relation that keeps the two ends level balance is arranged all the time in pipeline the inside and design.It is made up of conduction mercury, annular glass tube, glass tube holder, output electrode and covering insulation material.The angle level controller can be controlled the optimum Working of main motor and auxiliary-motor group automatically, and is also controlling main motor to the charging of power supply and the auxiliary capacitor discharge process to auxiliary-motor.The design's control normative reference is such :-7 degree are to above the horizon between 8 degree time below horizontal line when the road surface of bicycle running, and main motor carries out work.Auxiliary-motor when 6 degree are between 28 degree on the horizontal line carries out work when the road surface of bicycle running.Main in addition motor and auxiliary-motor also need a good transition when carrying out conversion work, promptly their transition working range for above the horizon 6 the degree to 8 the degree.When surpassing above the horizon 15 electric capacity of auxiliary discharge when spending, the road surface of bicycle running begins discharge.When the road surface of bicycle running is lower than below the horizontal line-7 when spending, main motor begins to power source charges.The mercury liquid of position, angle automatic controller the inside has effect than the bloated shrinkage of heat-flash because of the variation to ambient temperature, so should it be sealed with insulation material.In order to guarantee the accuracy of position, angle automatic controller, preferably it is installed in the place that not influenced by vibration absorber and fixes in addition.

Main motor zero-speed protection electronic switch is the heavy-current discharge infringement when protecting main motor to avoid the startup of bicycle zero-speed, so can not start main motor when bicycle is static.This protection switch is controlled by main motor zero-speed guard signal device, and only when zero-speed guard signal device was worked, promptly bicycle had travelled in certain speed, and this protection switch just can be opened automatically, just can freely give it the gun then.Zero-speed guard signal device is made up of rotor magnetic core, rotating shaft, stator coil and support.Wherein rotor magnetic core is a hollow cylindrical structure in round core position, and the excircle place of this magnetic core rotor is the N utmost point, and the inner periphery place is the S utmost point, and its magnetic line of force can enter its inner circumferential surface behind the space of external peripheral surface through both sides of magnetic core rotor.Rotating shaft then is installed in the home position of magnetic core.The axle of this magnetic core rotor is by the rotation that is connected with the bicycle front axle behind the flexible axle.Just can drive rotor magnetic core like this when bicycle running together rotates; just can induce lasting electromotive force near when rotor magnetic core rotates it the stator coil; when this stator coil is connected back formation closed circuit with the base stage of protecting electronic switching tube and emitter; just lasting signal code can be produced in this stator coil, thereby also lasting the opening of electronic switching tube will be protected.Main like this motor just can enter normal operating state.

Main machine governor is that the main rotating speed of motor to operate as normal has free and stepless speed governing effect.It is made up of vibration frequency converter, power inverter, iron oxygen high frequency transformer, rectifier filter, speed-regulating switch, speed governing electric capacity.This speed regulator at first is the conversion frequency that changes power inverter by the frequency of oscillation that changes oscillator, power inverter changes the electric current change frequency of high frequency transformer primary coil more then, just can induce the different alternating voltage that is changing along with frequency change like this in the secondary coil of high frequency transformer, after over commutation and filtering, can become the AC power of this different alternating voltage the DC power supply of different voltages at last, just can make main motor obtain different rotating speeds behind the direct-current power supply master motor with these different voltages.

Wherein variable frequency oscillator is made up of the variable capacitance and the speed-regulating switch of a high-frequency oscillating circuits, high frequency transformer, band rotating shaft.When this oscillating circuit work, can pass through the capacity of the variable capacitance of accommodation zone rotating shaft, the frequency of oscillation that can reach this oscillating circuit is carried out free adjustment.By the control speed-regulating switch, can open or close the working condition of this oscillating circuit.Wherein power inverter is to be combined by four power switch pipes, and each switching tube is all controlled by wherein one group of secondary coil of oscillation transformer, and promptly each group secondary coil is being controlled the work of a switching tube.Have only by rationally and the control of order opening of two switching tubes wherein, the closing of two switching tubes wherein of control simultaneously again, continuous so fast alternately down, just can supply with the AC power of a high frequency of iron oxygen high frequency transformer.Iron oxygen high frequency transformer is that the frequency that utilize to change the alternating current of its primary coil reaches and changes institute's alternating voltage induced in the secondary coil, because the alternating voltage of being exported in the change frequency of alternating current and the secondary coil in its primary coil is directly proportional.High frequency transformer is because its frequency change is bigger, and the inductance that the place magnetic core array is produced is also big, requires its iron core to adopt the high-resistance soft magnetic ferrites processing of high magnetic conduction.

The auxiliary speed regulating device of main machine governor are a kind of assists that carry out joint operation control with main machine governor.It is made up of movable adjusting rod, back-moving spring, anodal sliding cap, negative pole fixed card, adjusting rod thrust magnetic patch, last thrust body, middle thrust body, following guide way, variable capacitor gear.At first go up thrust body, middle thrust body and following guide way and be one and be connected to each other and fixing overall structure, movable then adjusting rod then can pass after this fixing overall structure the activity of carrying out in the centre up and down back and forth.In the process that movable adjusting rod moves up and down, the tooth bar of its end portion design then can drive the rotation that the gear of installing on the variable capacitor axle is made semi-circumference.Therefore the surface area contacted size between the variable capacitor pole plate also just can have been regulated with the motion of adjusting rod.

Be connected with two points of the speed-regulating switch of speed regulator after wherein they draw a lead respectively on anodal sliding cap and negative pole fixed card, so anodal sliding cap and negative pole fixed card have also just become the switch of speed regulator again.But insulation processing will be made with outer conductor respectively in the junction of this switch.Adjusting rod can be by being connected with the acceleration handle of cycle handlebar behind the steel wire rope, and rotation acceleration handle can start adjusting rod and carry out speed governing like this.When rotating the acceleration handle adjusting rod being raised, the negative pole fixed card just begins to contact anodal sliding cap, at this moment the switch opens of master governor can be carried out work, and the tooth bar of adjusting rod lower end also begins speed governing has been carried out in the gear rotation of capacitor simultaneously.Adjusting rod continues to rise, and the speed regulator of capacitor control also further strengthens output so, and adjusting rod rises till its bottom is stuck.When unclamping the acceleration handle, under the effect of adjusting rod at back-moving spring adjusting rod is pushed away downwards, when compressing anodal sliding cap to middle thrust body, back-moving spring is stuck, just make spring ineffective, the magnetic patch of adjusting rod top installation simultaneously attracts mutually with last thrust body and makes adjusting rod continue to push away downwards, thereby anodal sliding cap and negative pole fixed card are separated, so also just thoroughly closed speed regulator.In the process that speed control rod moves down, speed governing capacitor gear also has been transferred to original position.

Advantage of the present invention is:

1, the present invention need not the brush and the commutator of conventional DC motor, also need not the needed position transducer of modern brushless direct current machine, electronically commutated circuit and computing integrated circuit, directly connects DC power supply and gets final product.

There is not the inductance phenomenon when 2, the present invention works, also armature-free reaction, stator and rotor can not produce eddy current loss, high efficiency.If (but adopt pulse-width modulation to carry out chopping regulating speed then coil can produce inductance and lower efficiency, preferably adopt the speed governing of ripple disable DC power supply)

The torque dynamics that produces when 3, the present invention works is greater than common DC motor, because it is stressed at bigger radial extension.The efficient of permanent magnet performance is higher, is brought into play whole effects because large-area permanent magnet is utilized fully.

4, make their division of labor different and can carry out the automatic control of difference in functionality after the present invention adopts main motor and auxiliary-motor makes up, the use of motor is safer like this, and the performance of electric energy efficiency also can be higher.

5, the present invention adopts stepless contactless variable-frequency variable-voltage to carry out speed governing, and, safety simpler than speed regulation methods such as resistance that common electric bicycle adopted, photoelectricity, magnetosensitive, chopped modes, efficient is high and easy break-down not.

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 is the front plan view and the profile of disc magnet structure, and shows its magnetic line of force section path.

Fig. 2 is that the disc permanent magnet plane graph and the magnetic line of force thereof that have hollowed out of its core moves towards display plane figure in actual applications.

Fig. 3 is that the stationary part and the rotor portion of main motor makes up preliminary design sectional structure chart.

Fig. 4 is the distribution map that optimal armature supply moves towards distribution map and section demonstration stator core interior loop and electric current.

Fig. 5 is that the stator core in the reality and the coiling distribution plane graph or the armature supply of coil thereof move towards distribution map.

Fig. 6 is main motor front end rotor portion internal plane.

Fig. 7 is main motor center roller partial plan.

Fig. 8 is the comparatively ideal magnetic line of force distribution path of a main motor profile.

Fig. 9 is a cross-section structure full figure of the present invention.

Figure 10 is that the current path and the circuit that pass through in the main motor coil connect generalized section.

Figure 11 is that the integral body of armature coil windings connects preliminary design effect schematic diagram.

Figure 12 is main motor front end outward appearance plane graph.

Figure 13 is that position, angle automatic controller schematic diagram reaches position, the angle district schematic diagram that bicycle is carried out automatic function control.

Figure 14 is the cross-section structure full figure of auxiliary-motor.

Figure 15 is the mainframe part front plan view that installs and fixes auxiliary-motor.

Figure 16 is the rack section side plan view that installs and fixes auxiliary-motor.

Figure 17 is the rear end outward appearance plane graph of auxiliary-motor body.

Figure 18 is the outward appearance plane graph after auxiliary-motor and its rack section aggregate erection.

Figure 19 is the auxiliary speed regulating device cut-away section schematic diagram of speed regulator.

Figure 20 is main motor zero-speed guard signal device schematic appearance.

Figure 21 is the electric Combination Design block diagram of electric bicycle electric control system.

Figure 22 is the circuit design full figure of electric bicycle electric control system.

Figure 23 is its body frame body structure floor plan design of electric bicycle.

Figure 24 is its external shape design full figure of electric bicycle.

Drawing reference numeral of the present invention can be divided into drawing reference numeral and the drawing reference numeral of electric control system and the drawing reference numeral of electric bicycle car body part of electric motor structure part.

Electric motor structure part wherein: 1, stator main shaft; 2, preceding stator core; 3, back stator core; 4, coil windings; 5, fixed screw; 6, lead perforation; 7, preceding rotor core; 8, back rotor core; 9, disc motion permanent magnetic body; 10, non-magnetic guiding cycle; 11, front reduction gear gear; 12, back reduction gearing; 13, roller bearing; 14, freewheel clutch; 15, braking hub; 16, hub type brake; 17, rotor main shaft; 18, rotor core; Stator core before 19; 20, back stator core; 21, disc fixed permanent magnet; 22, auxiliary-motor fixed host computer frame; 23, frame end cap; 24, the front and back auxiliary-motor is fixedly connected; 25, auxiliary-motor gear; 26, ball bearing; 27, friction cover; 28, brush; 29, retainingf key.

Electric control system wherein: 31, charger; 32, series battery; 33, safety fuse; 34, brake-protecting relay; 35, starting relay; 36, auxiliary discharge electric capacity; 37, brake switch group; 38, stall start button; 39, key master switch; 40, position, angle automatic controller; 41, main motor zero-speed protection electronic switch; 42, main motor zero-speed guard signal device; 43, the auxiliary speed regulating device of main machine governor; 44, vibration frequency converter; 45, power inverter; 46, iron oxygen high frequency transformer; 47, rectifier filter; 48, charging diode; 49, main motor; 50, auxiliary-motor group; 51, speed-regulating switch; 52, speed governing electric capacity.

The car body part of electric bicycle wherein: 61, front-wheel; 62, trailing wheel; 63, steering handle; 64, front fork; 65, steering base; 66, steel plate type connects crossbeam; 67, storage battery mounting box; 68, driver's seat connects body frame; 69, drive backrest; 70, recoil support; 71, rear leg is stepped on frame; 72, back single-arm vibration isolator; 73, preceding vibration isolator; 74, electric mounting box; 75, bicycle stand; 76, hub-type main motor; 77, the secondary motor of starting to walk; 78, lever arm.

[embodiment]

Referring to accompanying drawing 1, the disc permanent magnet has two faces, and each face is a utmost point.The permanent magnet of shape can be regarded as two pole-faces of common cylindrical permanent magnet have been made the form that abundant expansion is amplified so in fact, can make the magnetic field of magnet be able to sufficient development utilization like this.Its magnetic line of force is from the evenly outwards scattering of magnet N polar plane part, and then constitutes the permanent magnet in loop to even gathering of S polar plane behind.

Referring to accompanying drawing 5, stator core is the shape of disk generally, and the space of leaving a circle in the center can just allow stator main shaft 1 pass.Design the rule groove that distributing uniformly at its excircle place, the circumference place also designs the uniform corresponding rule groove that distributing within it, and the overall radial corresponding rule groove that equally also distributing uniformly on two sides of stator core, an embedding gets final product around a lead in each groove.To be that three grooves at excircle place groove close with the inner periphery place is corresponding form a combination to the coiling mode that the design adopts in practice, promptly when coiling each groove of excircle place around once, and will be around three times at a groove at close inner periphery place, therefore the groove number of excircle is several three times of Internal locking groove all the time, so just can make on the traverse total of coiling on the stator core to be uniform radial arrangement.

Referring to accompanying drawing 6, rotor core 7 is rounded generally hood-like structures before the main motor, leaves a circular hole that passes for the stator main shaft at its circle centre position, and this circular hole always will keep less clearance with main shaft.Inner surface at preceding rotor core 7 is adhesively fixed with disc motion permanent magnetic body 9, and the center of this motion permanent magnetic body is also left a circular hole and coincided fixing with the circular hole of rotor core.Wherein also be provided with the non-magnetic guiding cycle 10 of a circle at the excircle place of disc motion permanent magnetic body 9, it carries out the excircle of permanent magnet and the inner periphery of rotor core the magnetic circuit obstruct and blocks permanent magnet, and it is limited in center position.Locate also to design that in the cylindrical hub formula side of preceding rotor core several screw holes are arranged, be used for carrying out screw and be connected the fastening integral body that afterwards becomes a sealing with back rotor core.

Referring to accompanying drawing 9, main motor part is made up of stator main shaft 1, preceding stator core 2, back stator core 3, preceding rotor core 7, back rotor core 8 and three disc motion permanent magnetic bodies 9 among the figure.The shape of stator main shaft 1 is that motor internal divides thick and the thinner structure of outer part at motor two ends, is provided with the snap ring that twice protrude at the mid portion of main shaft and is used to install two stator cores, makes it that fixed position accurately be arranged.Be provided with one certain lead perforation 6 of length, the input that is used to pass power lead respectively at the place, axle center at main shaft two ends.The place also respectively is provided with a groove at the two ends of main shaft, is used for two auxiliary-motor frames 22 by behind the retainingf key 29 they being separately fixed at the two ends of main shaft, and then with fixedly connected 24 of an auxiliary-motor they is connected into an integral body and get final product.

Before stator core 2 and back stator core 3 are the disc-shapes that the center is porose, they in the mode of heating respectively from the two ends of axle after intermediate sleeve is entered, just blocked getting final product by the twice snap ring in the middle of the axle.Preceding rotor core 7 is the structures that circle is hood-like, and it can all wrap up three disc motion permanent magnetic bodies 9 and two stator cores or cover inside.Back rotor core 8 is discoid structures, it can with the installation that coincide of preceding rotor core 7, and then they are tightened the overall structure that reinforcing can be formed a sealing by several fixed screws 5.The medial surface of front and back rotor core respectively is fixed with a solid dish type motion permanent magnetic body 9 respectively, also be provided with a discoidal motion permanent magnetic body 9 in the space between two stator cores 2 and 3, its excircle part is also fixed by several fixed screws 5 with the inner periphery mid portion of preceding rotor core 7, and remains with two stator cores certain interval is arranged.And, can make the excircle part of permanent magnet can directly not contact the formation loop and lose a part of magnetic energy like this with rotor core carrying out fixing after all by a circular non-magnetic guiding cycle 10 between the inner circumferential portion of the excircle of each disc motion permanent magnetic body part and preceding rotor core 7 every magnetic treatment.Outside at the center hole of front and back rotor core respectively is provided with a columnar hub respectively, and this hub and rotor core are an integral body in fact.In the excircle part of these two hubs front reduction gear gear 11 and back reduction gearing 12 have been installed respectively, the toothed disc that each reduction gearing is strengthened by a freewheel clutch 14 and extension is again in fact formed, and this gear is used for carrying out slowdown type with the gear of auxiliary-motor and is connected transmission.Inner periphery space segment at these two hubs is that bearing bore is used to install roller bearing 13.The cylindrical hub of back rotor core will prolong slightly simultaneously, at the inner periphery place of this hub a bearing will be installed not only, but also the hub type brake 16 of an outer expanding will be installed.Should be earlier before the rotor cores before and after installing two with two Bearing Installation on main shaft, and then the front and back rotor core directly is enclosed within to close up on the main shaft can becomes a whole motor that can pivot after fastening.Two auxiliary-motors among the figure are fixed on two side positions of main motor top respectively, and they can drive main motor simultaneously or wheel is done to rotate than the deceleration of big torque.Two auxiliary-motors require only just to work when bicycle starting and climbing.And the bicycle when requiring the work of design auxiliary-motor has the travel speed of a middling speed.

Referring to accompanying drawing 13, position, the angle district schematic diagram of automatic function control when the left side is bicycle running among the figure, parallel dotted line is a horizontal line among the figure, and with this line as standard flat.Wherein horizontal line+8 are spent to horizontal line-7 degree and are the A district, are the zone, road surface of main motor operate as normal in the A district scope.Wherein horizontal line+6 are spent to horizontal line+28 degree and are the B district, are the zone, road surface of auxiliary-motor operate as normal in the B district scope.Wherein horizontal line+15 are spent to horizontal line+28 degree and be D district, are to represent that the shunt capacitance group begins matching battery and discharges in the D district scope, can reduce the current strength of power supply like this and increase the auxiliary-motor dynamics.Wherein horizontal line+6 are spent to horizontal line+8 degree and are the C district, are the co-operation districts of main motor and auxiliary-motor in the C district scope, also claim the transition service area.Wherein be that E district, E district scope are the road surface zone of main motor to the power supply reverse charge below horizontal line-7 degree.The right is position, an angle automatic controller schematic diagram among the figure.Pipeline annular and that indicate stain is the glass tube of conduction mercury among the figure, and this is level controller tool core, angle.Designed five electrodes in this circular glass tube, wherein a electrode connects power supply, and wherein the b electrode leads to main armature, and wherein the c electrode leads to the auxiliary-motor armature, and wherein the d electrode connects the positive level of shunt capacitance group, and wherein the e electrode connects main motor reverse charge circuit.

Referring to accompanying drawing 14, the auxiliary-motor part is made up of auxiliary-motor body and auxiliary-motor frame.Wherein the auxiliary-motor body is made up of rotor main shaft 17, rotor core 18, preceding stator core 19, back stator core 20, two disc fixed permanent magnets 21 and auxiliary-motor gear 25.Be provided with a discoidal rotor core 18, rotor core in the centre position of rotor main shaft 17 and also be inserted in the back from the front end of main shaft till being provided with protruding snap ring by main shaft and blocking, and just be fixed therein a position by heating the back.The front end place of rotor main shaft 17 is provided with rotor ring and single brush 28 of a monolithic, and it is used for providing DC power supply to the armature of rotation.The thinner shaft portion of rotor main shaft rear end is equipped with an auxiliary-motor gear 25, is used for carrying out the deceleration transmission effect with the reduction gearing of main motor.Back stator core 20 also is the hood-like structure of a circle, and it can all be wrapped in the inside with front and back disc fixed permanent magnet 21 and rotor core 18.Preceding stator core 19 is structures of a disc-shape, can constitute the motor integral body of a sealing after it can match with the back stator core.Fix 21, two permanent magnets of disc fixed permanent magnet respectively at the medial surface of front and back stator core and kept less clearance with their middle rotor cores all the time.A friction cover 27 has respectively been established in two ends and stator core connection at rotor main shaft, and this also is a kind of sliding friction bearing that replaces rolling bearing.

The auxiliary-motor frame is made up of auxiliary-motor fixed host computer frame 22 and frame end cap 23.Mainframe 22 is that the frame structure and the lower part of an annular comparatively protrudes, and is provided with a circular hole with bayonet at the position of projection.Wherein the intermediate space of frame structure partly is used for installing the auxiliary-motor body, and the circular hole that the position is protruded in its lower end is used for fixedly mounting with the stator main shaft of main motor.And also be provided with the projection of several strips, also be provided with several strip grooves simultaneously, like this it is combined and installed together, just can be blocked firmly, and then get final product with several screw lockings at the inner periphery place of annular frame structure at the excircle place of auxiliary-motor.Frame end cap 23 is installed in the trailing flank of mainframe 22, it mainly is the pressure that is used to bear a part of rotor main shaft, the thinner part in rotor main shaft rear end directly is connected with end cap by ball bearing 26 backs, like this when auxiliary-motor gear and main motor gear work pressurized, this ball bearing just can be born the pressure of half, can prolong the useful life of friction cover 27 so greatly, and reduce the auxiliary-motor working resistance.

Referring to accompanying drawing 22, electric control system mainly is the circuit that design is controlled main motor and auxiliary-motor group.This power supply series battery 32 is formed by the combination of two storage batterys, and design is for raising supply voltage relatively and the operating current of suitable reduction motor like this.This design of electrical system adopts the mode of power cathode bonding to connect, the shutoff total control switch of key master switch 39 as whole circuit of having connected in negative lead simultaneously.The electric current of power supply at first carries out current protection by the safety fuse 33 of series connection when machine operation; protection work when carrying out bicycle brake by brake-protecting relay 34 then, the actuating coil of brake-protecting relay is connected with power supply by controllable brake switch group 37 backs.Power line one tunnel by brake-protecting relay 34 is connected with one of them a electrode of position, angle automatic controller 40; and another Lu Zexian is connected with auxiliary discharge electric capacity 36 with starting relay 35 after by a diode again; wherein the actuating coil of starting relay 35 can be connected the starting work when it is used for the bicycle zero-speed by stall start button 38 backs with power supply.Wherein the mode of the operating current of starting relay 34 and auxiliary capacitor after also can be in parallel to auxiliary-motor group 50 with startup work.And the operating current when wherein supplying with the suitable climbing of auxiliary-motor behind d electrode that another road of auxiliary discharge electric capacity also can be by position, angle automatic controller 40 and the C electrode.

The b electrode of position, angle automatic controller 40 can be main motor zero-speed protection electronic switch 41, main machine governor and main motor 49 and supplies with the operating current that needs.Wherein at first operating current just passes through main machine governor after will protecting electronic switch 41 by zero-speed.But zero-speed protection electronic switch is the control that is subjected to zero-speed guard signal device 42, the direct current signal electric current that is produced in the actuating coil of zero-speed guard signal device the base stage of electronic switch 41 and emitter can be carried out conducting such it just can open.Only that is to say that zero-speed protection electronic switch just can be opened when this annunciator work.Before main machine governor work, at first to open the contact speed-regulating switch 51 on the auxiliary speed regulating device of speed regulator, the frequency converter 44 that vibrates is then started working, and can continue to regulate the speed governing electric capacity 52 of oscillator 44, its frequency of oscillation is accelerated, be subjected to power inverter 45 that oscillator controls also with the conversion frequency of accelerating electric current like this, simultaneously power inverter also makes the alternation rate of primary current of iron oxygen high frequency transformer 46 accelerate, so also just can make the alternating current that induces different voltages in the secondary coil of this transformer, just can convert the DC power supply of different voltages at last after the whole ripple filtering of alternating current with different voltages to, can supply with main motor 49 and carry out work by rectifier filter 47.Main motor can also provide the reverse charge electric current by the e of charging diode 48 and position, angle automatic controller 40 is extremely back to the power-supply battery group in due course.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of no-inductance direct current motor specially for electric bicycle, comprise main motor part and auxiliary-motor part, it is characterized in that: utilization is the hot-wire coil of arranging in radial path that multiple conducting wires constituted and is subjected to equidirectional revolving force all the time and does work in the uniform strong magnetic field of perpendicular disc shaped magnet, wherein be and both can be used as rotor portion after the hot-wire coil radial path arranged and a main shaft are fixedly connected, also can be used as stationary part, one side is the S utmost point simultaneously, and being the core of the disc shaped magnet of the N utmost point, another side can pass behind the main shaft and close with the coil of radial arrangement, this discoidal magnet both can be used as stationary part, also can be used as rotor portion.

2, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described main motor part is made up of stator main shaft, preceding stator core, back stator core, radial arrangement coil, preceding rotor core, back rotor core, disc motion permanent magnetic body, front reduction gear gear, back reduction gearing, braking hub.

3, motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described auxiliary-motor part is made up of rotor main shaft, rotor core, radial arrangement coil, preceding stator core, back stator core, disc fixed permanent magnet, auxiliary-motor fixed frame, auxiliary-motor gear.

4, the electric control system of the described electric bicycle of a kind of claim 1 is characterized in that: it is by brake-protecting relay, starting relay, auxiliary discharge electric capacity, brake switch group, stall start button, position, angle automatic controller, main motor zero-speed protection electronic switch, main motor zero-speed guard signal device.Main machine governor, the auxiliary speed regulating device of main machine governor are formed.

5, electric control system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: position, angle automatic controller is the utilization conducting liquid has the level balance that keeps two ends all the time in the pipeline the inside relation design, and it is made up of conducting liquid, annular pipeline, circular pipe holder, output electrode.

6, electric control system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: main motor zero-speed guard signal device is that a utmost point and inner periphery are formed for hollow cylinder construction rotor magnetic core, stator signal coil and the fixed support of another utmost point by rotating shaft, excircle.

7, electric control system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: main machine governor is made up of vibration frequency converter, power inverter, iron oxygen high frequency transformer, rectifier filter.

8, the car body of the described electric bicycle of a kind of claim 1, it is characterized in that: body frame part and electric bicycle profile are partly formed, an all-in-one-piece vehicle frame structure is arranged between front-wheel and trailing wheel, and this vehicle frame is stepped on frame and is formed by steering base, steel plate type connection crossbeam, driver's seat connection body frame, driving backrest, recoil support, rear leg; Both sides have a lever arm to flexibly connect respectively between driver's seat connection body frame and trailing wheel main shaft, and flexibly connect at the single armed vibration isolator that is provided with a fork-shaped above the driver's seat connection body frame forward between position to two lever arm of projection; The gap that connects between body frame and the trailing wheel at driver's seat is provided with a fixing electric mounting box; A storage battery mounting box is respectively installed in the both sides that connect the lower part of crossbeam at steel plate type; What install at the center of trailing wheel is a hub-type main motor, and also a secondary motor of starting has respectively been installed at place, the both sides above trailing wheel simultaneously, and they and trailing wheel main shaft are fixedly connected; Rear leg step on frame should walk around behind auxiliary-motor and the lever arm its two ends with drive be connected body frame, the recoil support carries out fixedly connected.

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