CN1909020B - Argon-arc welding operation analog training device - Google Patents
Argon-arc welding operation analog training device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1909020B CN1909020B CN2006100429563A CN200610042956A CN1909020B CN 1909020 B CN1909020 B CN 1909020B CN 2006100429563 A CN2006100429563 A CN 2006100429563A CN 200610042956 A CN200610042956 A CN 200610042956A CN 1909020 B CN1909020 B CN 1909020B
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Abstract
The related simulation training device for Ar-arc welding operation comprises: a simulation torch with arc-striking switch, a simulation solder wire, some pieces, a master-control computer, a detector for the torch and wire position, and a helmet with a display connected with former computer to display the welding process menu. This invention applies new devices to improve current training with less cost and well efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding operation analog training equipment, particularly argon-arc welding operation analog training device.
Background technology
Welding is a kind of material processing method of popularizing very much, it is widely used in various enterprises production occasion, automobile making is typically arranged, pressure vessel manufacturing, shipbuilding etc., though multiple automatic welding method comparative maturity is arranged at present, use also more and more, but because the convenience on using and flexibly, manual welding method such as argon arc welding still have its irreplaceable effect, for example weld in various pressure vessel conduit, and various maintainability welding occasion etc.
In the manual welding operating process, the factor that influences welding quality is many, selects as: electric current, voltage, welding rod (welding wire) such as selection of process parameters etc.; Argon arc welding also has gas flow, tungsten electrode diameter etc., and some parameters of operating process also have bigger influence as the stability of speed of welding, electric arc arc length, the hunting range of welding rod etc. to welding quality in addition.Whether stablizing of welding process directly has influence on welding quality, and this is a kind of human factor completely, complete skill and experience with the welding operator, in the control of welding quality, electric current, voltage, preheat temperature, these technological parameters such as welding rod oven dry degree can be controlled by technical papers and measuring technique, but, the parameter relevant with manual operation, such as, speed of welding, welding posture all can't write down and control.In order to train good solder technology, need pay travail and suitable economic cost, could grasp the truly feels of manual welding process like this, the training welder is that needs devote considerable time, and consumes the process of a large amount of electric energy and wlding.In the hands-on stage of manual welding in the past, what adopt all is that the mode that the master worker trains an apprentice is trained, the effect of training is subjected to artificial factor such as teacher's operant level and ability to express, and qualified teachers' strength deficiency shows stronger situation in present welding training field, welding operation simultaneously is to the place, equipment and environment also have higher requirement, training process need consume a large amount of welding rods, test plate (panel), with suitable electric power resource, moreover, as everyone knows, welding surroundings is more abominable, a large amount of flue dust and strong arc light are arranged, be very easy to healthy generation harmful effect to the welder, for the personnel that newly accept welding training, bad working environment also is easy to generate negative effect to its psychology, is unfavorable for carrying out follow-up training program.
Chinese invention patent application CN 1469097A (application number 03110000.7) and application for a patent for invention CN 1439149A (application number 01811824.0) disclose shoot from shoulder formula air defence missile and odontological simulated training system respectively.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly have higher emulation degree, to place and not high, less goods and materials of environmental requirement and energy resource consumption, be easy to the welder is carried out the argon-arc welding operation analog training device of welding operation training.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of argon-arc welding operation analog training device, comprise simulated welding gun, simulation welding wire and imitation specimen, its special feature is, also comprise main control computer, simulated welding gun and welding wire position detecting device and have the helmet of display, wherein thereby simulated welding gun and welding wire position detecting device are connected the spatial positional information that simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire are provided to it with main control computer, thereby main control computer also is connected according to welding process with display on the helmet demonstrates corresponding picture on display; The striking switch is installed, thereby this striking switch is connected to it with main control computer the striking commencing signal is provided on described simulated welding gun.
Wherein said display is a LCD.
Wherein simulated welding gun and welding wire position detecting device comprise at least 2 ccd video cameras that be arranged in parallel, and ccd video camera is connected to main control computer by image pick-up card.
Further, at least 2 light emitting diodes are installed on described simulated welding gun, on described simulation welding wire, at least 1 light emitting diode are installed.
The present invention is directed to several problems that the argon arc welding welding hands-on stage exists, change training method in the past, adopt novel simulated welding gun, wear the carrying out of helmet specially used for welding simulation welding process, reach fast culture welder's operating handle and reduce goods and materials and the purpose of energy resource consumption, adopt the novel analog welding gun can simulate argon arc welding striking and welding wire filling and arc burning process, the real scene of welding process represents to the welder by Helmet Mounted Display.In the welding operation training process, native system has following characteristics:
(1) the simulated welding gun weight and volume is consistent with the welding gun commonly used of argon arc welding at present, for the welder provides the feel same with actual welding gun;
(2) Helmet Mounted Display adopts the helmet specially used transformation of welder to form, and wearing sensation is consistent with true welding process;
(3) the similar high-frequency arc strike mode on the striking of argon tungsten-arc welding action employing and the true welding gun punctures the air striking with HF voltage, is controlled by the striking switch on the simulated welding gun;
(4) the welding scene changes with the variation of predefined welding variables, and when parameters such as welding current, voltage, tungsten electrode size, gas flow changed, the observed scene of welder is respective change also, the true welding process of simulation true to nature of trying one's best.
The present invention is on the basis of existing argon tungsten-arc welding Fundamentals of Welding and implementation procedure, designed analog training device at argon tungsten-arc welding, on this device, can realize the training on operation of argon tungsten-arc welding, do not had flue dust, high light in the true welding process, but can in virtual scene, experience real welding process yet.Designed novel argon tungsten-arc welding simulated welding gun for this reason, realized that argon tungsten-arc welding has broken away from the simulation process of true welding surroundings.Operation training by simulation, both can the sense of reality welding process, grasp the welding feel, improve the welding skill, can reduce training cost greatly again, enhancement training efficient, simultaneously training process is an overall safety to the welder, can predict this is a kind of off the beaten track safe, training method efficiently.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a general principles block diagram of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is an equipment connection diagram of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of simulated welding gun among the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the pinhole imaging system model synoptic diagram of ccd video camera imaging system among the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the binocular imaging model synoptic diagram of ccd video camera imaging system among the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 6 is the image detecting program process flow diagram of CCD imaging system among the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 7 is the synoptic diagram that has the helmet of display;
Accompanying drawing 8 is the control flow chart of master routine of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The present invention adopts virtual reality technology as the platform core, in essence, virtual reality is exactly a kind of advanced person's a computer user interface, it provides such as various directly perceived and natural real-time perception interactive meanses, user friendly operations to greatest extent such as looking, listen, touch simultaneously by giving the user, thereby alleviates user's burden, raising whole system operation efficient.Usually the user wears a helmet (being used for showing the helmet-mounted display of stereo-picture), and hand-held sensor glove is placed oneself in the midst of in the illusion world seemingly, roams in virtual environment, and allows operation " object " wherein.
Welding operation analog training device of the present invention at be the cultivation of operating handle in the argon arc welding welding process, used consistent when the employed instrument of welders training such as simulated welding gun, the helmet etc. should be as much as possible with true welding, can guarantee like this operating habit that the welder formed when simulation training with operating handle the same during with true welding.And need be at welder's operating process, for they rebuild a three-dimensional scenic true to nature, in this three-dimensional scenic, welding situation that is reflected and welder's operating process are one to one.Such as: during argon arc welding, the welder will be filled into electric arc from the side with welding wire, if untimely sending to, welding wire can't melt, and cause the defective of appearance of weld.In virtual three-dimensional scene, the appearance of electric arc and the formation of weld seam just should meet such rule, and the stability of electric arc according to the observation allows the problem of welder in time finding to operate, and in time adjusts the welding wire position, thereby forms good operating habit and gimmick.
In order to obtain the position of simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire, the present invention has mainly adopted the method for image detection, take image in the training process simultaneously by two ccd video cameras, main control computer extracts the unique point of reflection simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire locus from the image of taking, according to the three-dimensional coordinate of 2 width of cloth image composite character points, adopt OpenGL interface real time modelling to go out three-dimensional welding scene by computing machine according to synthetic three-dimensional coordinate then.In order to make routine processes simply quick, on simulated welding gun, be provided with two light emitting diodes (bright spot), be provided with a light emitting diode (bright spot) on the simulation welding wire, purpose is to find the position of simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire in the image of taking more easily.
Fig. 1 is a general principles block diagram of the present invention, is made up of hardware and software two big modules, and the hardware components major function is simulation welding process, cultivation operating handle; The major function of software section is the reconstruction of three-dimensional scene, this three-dimensional scenic is and welder's operating process interaction, welder's operating process all will truly be reflected in the three-dimensional scenic, and scenes such as the arc light the same with true welding process, wire melting, molten bath formation are provided in the scene, and technological parameter that these scenes are set according to the welder in advance by main control computer and the welder's operational motion that collects generate in real time.
Fig. 2 is an equipment connection diagram of the present invention, on scheming, can see, hardware components mainly is made up of following components: argon tungsten-arc welding simulated welding gun, imitation specimen, the helmet that has display, main control computer, ccd video camera etc. also can comprise simulated operation platform and some utility appliance.Video camera adopts the quick logical MTV 1881 EX black-white CCD video cameras in Taiwan, M 10 cards that image pick-up card adopts Beijing Microvision Inc..
Fig. 8 is the control flow chart of master routine of the present invention, and the present invention adopts this pattern to carry out the demonstration of image and the preservation of data.
To introduce each functions of components and realization technology in detail below.
One, argon tungsten-arc welding simulated welding gun structural design
As shown in Figure 3, the different of argon tungsten-arc welding and covered arc welding are considered the time in the design of argon tungsten-arc welding welding gun, more simple on the structure, be exactly the welding gun and the welding wire of an emulation, there is not welding rod to send process to during the tungsten argon arc welding, but manual filler wire from the side, so do not need the power system the same on the welding gun structure during simulation argon arc welding with covered arc welding.The fundamental purpose of design simulation welding gun is exactly to allow the CCD imaging system can detect the position of simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire, and this realizes that by transforming existing argon arc welding welding gun and welding wire imitation specimen can be emulation part or real test specimen.
It is the distance between detection tungsten electrode and the imitation specimen and the angle of inclination of simulated welding gun that key detected in the locus of simulated welding gun, detection method is that two light emitting diodes are set on simulated welding gun, one of them is in " tungsten electrode " position, on the simulation welding wire, a light emitting diode is set, realizes that by the ccd video camera of two laid parallels the three-dimensional coordinate of simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire locus detects.
Two, argon tungsten-arc welding welding analog implementation procedure
The argon tungsten-arc welding welding process is made up of striking, welding (electric arc moves) and receipts arc three parts, the striking mode of argon arc welding generally adopts high-frequency arc strike, promptly by apply HF voltage between welding gun tungsten electrode and test specimen, punctures air, make air ionization, thereby ignite electric arc.The welding process of argon arc welding generally is the smooth combustion that the hand-held welding gun of welder one keeps electric arc, takes welding wire on the other hand, observes the arc burning situation by safety goggles, and welding wire is placed in the electric arc,, is dropped onto and forms weld seam in the molten bath wire melting by the high temperature of electric arc.
(1) simulation of arc process
Different with covered arc welding is that the short circuit contacting ignition arc is not generally adopted in argon tungsten-arc welding, so the striking of argon arc welding simulation realizes simpler than covered arc welding, the present invention is by the striking switch is set, the electric arc image appearance in the control virtual scene on simulated welding gun.When the striking switch closure, main control computer is by detecting the state of striking switch, the combining image testing result, when the simulated welding gun raising height in OK range, in virtual scene with the normal starting the arc.If the striking switch is not opened or the simulated welding gun raising height not in normal range, electric arc can't ignite.
(2) simulation of welding process
The simulation of welding process is to carry out on the basis that image detecting program constantly detects the simulated welding gun attitude, and along with the carrying out of welding, the variation of simulated welding gun locus will be reflected in the virtual scene.Different with covered arc welding is that argon tungsten-arc welding not only needs to detect the position of simulated welding gun when simulating, also need to detect the position of simulation welding wire, like this, needs to detect the position of three points altogether by ccd video camera.Have only when welding wire to be positioned at electric arc, could it be melted by the high temperature of electric arc, and the welding wire position is in electric arc the time, welding wire can't melt, and the shaping of weld seam will be affected, and main control computer will be simulated in view of the above.
Three, image method detects the principle of bright spot locus
The perspective imaging model of CCD imaging system adopts the pinhole imaging system model more at present, and the aperture model has reflected the imaging point of spatial point on the video camera front and the position relation at camera optics center.
As shown in Figure 4, the pinhole imaging system models show 1 M in space be the intersection point m of line on the CCD front of spatial point M and camera optics central point O at the imaging point on the ccd video camera front, the space some imaging on video camera has only more unique.By imaging model as can be known, so long as the point on the OM line, imaging point is m on the CCD front, is merely able to determine that the M point is positioned on the extended line of Om.So the image of being taken by the separate unit video camera can not instead push away the coordinate position that obtains spatial point M, this shows, in order to determine the locus of a point, need two video cameras to detect at least.
Fig. 5 is the binocular imaging model synoptic diagram of ccd video camera imaging system among the present invention.M1 and m2 are the spatial point M image spaces on two ccd video cameras respectively among the figure, and as can see from Figure 5, the position of space M point is by its imaging point on two ccd video camera fronts and crossing the obtaining of line of ccd video camera optic center point.This imaging pattern is similar to people's eyes and looks thing, observes by two eyes, image is reacted to brain, the locus that just can feel object.
Fig. 6 is the image detecting program process flow diagram of CCD imaging system among the present invention, can finish detection in view of the above, also just reflect the locus of simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire simultaneously bright spot (being the light emitting diode on simulated welding gun and the simulation welding wire) locus.
Four, the structure that has the helmet of display
The major function that has the helmet of display has: the helmet protection equipment that the welder wore when (1) true reflection was welded, and wear sensation (as shape, weight etc.) and should try one's best actual near welding; (2) can show the three-dimensional scenic that computing machine generates, by display, the welder can observe the true process of own welding operation, and information that can the acquisition system provides on display is to indicate next step operational motion.Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram that has the helmet of display.
Selected the matrix of real welding protection face shield in the present invention for use as Helmet Mounted Display; the face shield of wearing behind the helmet like this and wearing during welding feels it is more approaching; display is selected LCD for use; though added the weight and the centre of gravity place of liquid crystal display and driving circuit rear mask variation having taken place, can install bracing frame additional in inside or add the sense of discomfort of wearing that suspender alleviates the welder on platform.
The demonstration of scene is to realize by the liquid crystal display that increases on face shield, and the LCD image shows fine and smooth, and volume is little, and is in light weight, and biggest advantage is not have radiation, and flicker free is very beneficial to protection welder's eyes.The liquid crystal display size is 6 cun, and display resolution is 640 * 480, and display effect can satisfy the requirement of analog platform.Liquid crystal display is contained in the safety goggles position before the welders' mask, and eyes are apart from the position of liquid crystal display can change the welder and observe the time by regulating spacing between liquid crystal display and face shield, and the fatigue that keeps suitable viewing distance just can alleviate welder's eyes is felt.
Adopt simulated welding gun of the present invention to carry out the argon-arc welding operation training, can be very fast cultivation welder's operating handle, simultaneously because simulated welding gun the same striking and welding process can simulate with actual welding the time, the welder just can well temper by simulated welding gun that welding wire is sent to and action such as motion welding gun.After using simulated welding gun, with saving material and the electric energy that welding consumes greatly, training cost is greatly reduced, and use simulated welding gun not limited by the place, welding machine that need not be special does not need corollary apparatus such as gas cylinder, is convenient to many people operation training simultaneously.Trainer will free from hard work, only need to give the welder with guiding suggestion, feel and operation skill by welder's oneself time a time experience welding process, in the simulated training process, do not have flue dust, do not have high light, do not have high temperature, can not cause actual bodily harm, can not make its psychology produce boredom yet the welder.
In order to support to weld the training of practical operation, supporting multimedia soldering theory training system can also be arranged in the software systems of analog platform, make the welder theory and combining put into practice the contrast of corroborating each other, the efficient of enhancement training.
Attached: the list of references that adopts the OpenGL realization about virtual reality
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Claims (4)
1. an argon-arc welding operation analog training device comprises simulated welding gun, simulation welding wire and imitation specimen, it is characterized in that:
Also comprise main control computer, simulated welding gun and welding wire position detecting device and have the helmet of display, wherein thereby simulated welding gun and welding wire position detecting device are connected the spatial positional information that simulated welding gun and simulation welding wire are provided to it with main control computer, thereby main control computer also is connected according to welding process with display on the helmet demonstrates corresponding picture on display;
The striking switch is installed, thereby this striking switch is connected to main control computer with main control computer the striking commencing signal is provided on described simulated welding gun.
2. argon-arc welding operation analog training device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: wherein said display is a LCD.
3. argon-arc welding operation analog training device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein simulated welding gun and welding wire position detecting device comprise at least 2 ccd video cameras that be arranged in parallel, and ccd video camera is connected to main control computer by image pick-up card.
4. argon-arc welding operation analog training device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: at least 2 light emitting diodes are installed on described simulated welding gun, on described simulation welding wire at least 1 light emitting diode are installed.
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| CN2006100429563A CN1909020B (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2006-06-09 | Argon-arc welding operation analog training device |
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| CN2006100429563A CN1909020B (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2006-06-09 | Argon-arc welding operation analog training device |
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| CN1909020B true CN1909020B (en) | 2010-11-10 |
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