CN1902375A - 吸胀层可膨胀件 - Google Patents

吸胀层可膨胀件 Download PDF

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CN1902375A
CN1902375A CNA2004800396925A CN200480039692A CN1902375A CN 1902375 A CN1902375 A CN 1902375A CN A2004800396925 A CNA2004800396925 A CN A2004800396925A CN 200480039692 A CN200480039692 A CN 200480039692A CN 1902375 A CN1902375 A CN 1902375A
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E·T·伍德
G·C·巴德克
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

公开了一种以吸胀层(22)为特征的可膨胀件。所述吸胀层可以被做成与元件(18)一体或与其连接或者该吸胀层可以被粘接或以其他方法固定在一心轴(16)上。一经使用流体(26)膨胀,所述元件膨胀而与管状环绕物或井眼密封接触。所述流体被吸收或与所述吸胀层发生反应,从而在优选实施例中,所述吸胀层与流体的全部占用体积在与所述层的吸胀混合后被分别保留用以保持所述可膨胀元件的密封性,即使所述密封元件发生问题。

Description

吸胀层可膨胀件
技术领域
本发明的领域是膨胀式封隔器或桥接插件并且更特别是尽管元件失效或在井底条件发生变化时仍然在膨胀后保持密封的那些元件。
背景技术
膨胀式封隔器典型地包括一安装在心轴上在相对端带有一个静止套环和一个可移动套环的柔性元件。典型的是应用阀门系统使增压的流体进入所述心轴和所述元件之间的环形空间来启动膨胀过程。膨胀使得所述元件呈放射状扩张与管状的环绕物或井眼密封接触,该过程是通过所述可移动套环向所述静止套环上缩(riding up)而成为可能,静止套环通常位于井口端附近。所述阀门系统包括一止回阀用来在所述心轴和所述元件之间的环形空间中保持所施加的压力。已知的如套管外封隔器的其它类型的可膨胀件只在所述元件的端部使用固定套环和加强件。
在早期的设计中,膨胀介质是钻探泥浆或其它液体。以这样的液体使所述元件膨胀有某些缺陷。一个问题是热效应,其可以导致在膨胀的元件下面的压力降低和密封的丧失。另一个缺陷是,其来自于安装或在井中使用一段时间后的对所述元件的损害可导致所述元件的撕裂或破裂以及由于流体泄漏导致密封丧失,缓慢地还是几乎立刻地产生取决于所述元件中故障的性质。而所述阀门系统具有避免过压的措施,对于所述元件完整性的风险是确实的和存在的并且导致故障。
在一种改进可膨胀件性能的努力中,水泥浆被用作膨胀介质。此办法是将处于可泵送状态的所述浆料输送到所述心轴与所述元件之间的且压力下的环形空间中。然后所述浆料按希望固化,一旦固化,所述浆料,现在是固体状态将会帮助保持封隔器的密封,即使所述元件遇到故障。然而引入水泥浆会产生几个新问题。第一,有使浆料通过入口组件各种阀门而不阻塞操作的额外风险。第二,水泥浆的使用要求地面上有专用设备。有些使用中,特别是海上,在平台上定位这样的设备会产生后勤问题并且由于后勤问题会产生增加的费用。更进一步,在使用水泥浆时,在所述元件后面定点和泵送浆料中时间是极其重要的。快速去除多余的浆料以避免如果它阻碍后面的操作而不得不将它钻孔排出也是很重要的。好象所以这些问题还不够,水泥浆的使用还有另外一个负面效应。所述浆料凝固后,实际上体积缩减。这使得封隔器在其安装后更易丧失密封接触。
现有技术的流体膨胀式封隔器在美国专利4,897,139;4,967,846和5,271,469中有描述。水泥膨胀式封隔器在美国专利5,738,171中有描述。
本发明克服了所述元件过去的膨胀系统以及膨胀后保持密封中的缺点。所述元件象以前一样用流体膨胀。然而,在所述元件和所述心轴之间的环形空间中插入一层,该层一接触到膨胀流体就吸收膨胀流体并扩张从而流体和扩张层的扩张体积更可取地与吸收前所述两个层的体积一样大。因此产生的优势是尽管所述元件出现缺陷仍然具有密封保持力,因为带有存留流体的所述扩张层提供了持续的密封力。更进一步,没有以前使用水泥浆的设计中发生的可能损害所述膨胀元件密封力的膨胀后体积损失。本发明的这些和其他优势对那些本领域的技术人员来说,将由下述的优选实施例、附图和权利要求的描述而变得更加清晰。
发明内容
公开了一种以吸胀层为特征的可膨胀件。所述吸胀层被做成与所述元件一体或与所述元件连接或者可以将它粘接或以其他方式固定在所述心轴上。一经使用流体膨胀,所述元件扩张成与环绕的管状物或井眼密封接触。流体被吸收或与所述吸胀层反应,从而在优选实施例中,所述吸胀层与流体占用体积的总和在与所述层的吸胀混合后被逐一保留用以保持所述可膨胀元件的密封性,即使所述密封元件发生问题。
附图说明
图1是一可膨胀件的剖面图,其具有与所述元件相连接的吸胀层并且按位置显示;
图2是图1的可替换实施例,其具有从所述元件分离的吸胀层并且按位置显示;
图3是图2处于膨胀状态的视图;且
图4是图3的显示活化流体被吸收到膨胀材料中的状态的视图。
具体实施方式
图1是示意性显示一膨胀式封隔器10的剖面。其具有一在与心轴16相连的静止套环14上的已知入口阀门组件12。所述可膨胀元件18具有一与内表面20相连接的吸胀层22。在所述元件18的下端处示意性图解说明下套环24。以箭头26示意性显示的膨胀流体被泵入入口28。如图1所示,所述吸胀层具有一初始体积V1。也在图1中示意性给出的一预定体积V2被泵入入口28。所述流体体积被吸收到所述吸胀层的体积V1中。在所述优选实施例中,所述吸胀层22在至少吸收一些流体体积V2时发生吸胀。在所述优选实施例中,如图4所示,最终体积V3至少与V1和所述膨胀流体与所述吸胀层22混合之前以箭头26代表的V2之和一样大,优选的是大于V1与V2之和。在所述流体被引入通过图1所示实施例的阀门组件后,所述膨胀流体26首先接触面对心轴16的最内端30。
在图2中,吸胀层22’是与元件18’分离的层。所述吸胀层22’可以被结合在心轴16’上或松散地安装在其上。所述吸胀层在任一个实施例中可以是无缝管或者其可以具有一多种定位方向的缝。可替代地,所述吸胀层可能是端部重叠的卷状。它也可能是一系列相连的或邻接的不连续片状物。在图1中所述吸胀层22可以是与所述元件18一体或是与其结合或其他方式相连的不连续层。
图3图解说明了流体26’进入所述元件18’与所述吸胀层22’之间。此处再一次,最终体积V3’至少应当等于所述流体的初始体积V1’和膨胀前所述吸胀层22’的体积V2’。
在所述优选实施例中所述吸胀层22或22’是EPDM但也可以是其他材料例如天然橡胶或溴丁基橡胶。当这些材料暴露于作为膨胀流体的碳氢化合物时将会吸胀并存留膨胀流体并且满足上述的体积要求。结果是,可膨胀元件在膨胀后将持续保持密封。所述吸胀行为进行一段时间实际上增强了密封力至V3的大小超过V1与V2之和的程度。此外,如果所述元件18或18’发生泄漏或撕裂,密封力将得以维持,这是由于所述膨胀流体将被锁定在所述吸胀层22或22’中并且所述吸胀层的牢固性将足够强大以保持损坏的元件在井眼中密封接触。
所述吸胀层22或22’的其他选择包括使用膨胀性粘土例如有水存在时剧烈膨胀的膨润土作为膨胀流体然后硬化。对于满足体积标准的这种材料可以被用于可膨胀件中。所述硬化的粘土也可以用于存留膨胀流体并且有足够的刚性在所述元件18或18’存在缺陷时来帮助保持密封。可替代地,所述吸胀层22或22’可以包括吸收液体并剧烈膨胀的织物。所述织物与粘土例如膨润土的结合有可能作为EPDM或其他遇油膨胀的材料的进一步补充。
油基钻探流体包含油和水的混合物并且可以被用作膨胀介质。所述钻探流体混合物可以典型地由60%油和40%水组成并带有固体以增加流体密度。如果所述膨胀流体是油和水的混合物那么粘土例如膨润土或织物能够以水相膨胀且EPDM或橡胶能够以油膨胀。
本领域的技术人员现在将可以理解通过应用吸胀材料锁住膨胀流体而不遭受净体积损失来使膨胀式封隔器的可靠性得以提高。而吸胀会增强密封握力并且在即使井下热条件改变或所述元件有缺陷时帮助保持这种握力。各种构造的密封元件和吸胀层可以被使用。优选材料EPDM被采用的同时,在暴露于各种流体时的其他膨胀材料可以使用。可代地,也可以使用响应于热、电流或各种类型的场的或者作为各种类型反应的结果而膨胀的材料。只要满足体积要求并且尽管所述元件有缺陷所得到的层也足够坚固以保持密封负荷,这些材料中的一种材料或组合就可以使用。理想的是,所述膨胀介质,无论液体或气体,尽管所述元件有缺陷仍然被所述吸胀层所保持。
以上描述是优选实施例的说明,并且不背离本发明的情况下本领域的普通技术人员可以做出多种修改,本发明的范围可以由下述的权利要求的字面意思和同等范围加以限定。

Claims (31)

1.一种封隔器,包括:
一心轴;
一密封元件,其安装在所述心轴上,从而在其间限定一环形空间;
在所述环形空间中的材料,所述材料捕获至少一部分输送到所述环形空间的介质。
2.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料具有一初始体积V1并且被输送到所述环形空间的介质具有一初始体积V2;
体积V2被输送到所述环形空间,被输送流体和所述材料的总体积至少大约为体积V1与V2之和。
3.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
在所述密封元件发生故障的情况下,所述材料保留所述介质的至少一部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
当被所述介质接触时所述材料膨胀。
5.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
在有水和碳氢化合物之中至少一种存在时所述材料膨胀。
6.如权利要求3所述的封隔器,其中:
尽管所述密封元件发生故障,在膨胀后所述材料保持所述密封元件的密封。
7.如权利要求5所述的封隔器,其中:
在水和碳氢化合物都存在时所述材料膨胀。
8.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料被固定在所述元件上。
9.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料被固定在所述心轴上。
10.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料不被固定在所述心轴或所述元件上。
11.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括一套筒。
12.如权利要求11所述的封隔器,其中:
所述套筒是无缝的。
13.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括膨胀性粘土。
14.如权利要求1所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括EPDM、天然橡胶和溴丁基橡胶中的至少一种。
15.如权利要求3所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料具有一初始体积V1并且被输送到所述环形空间的介质具有一初始体积V2;
体积V2被输送到所述环形空间,被输送流体和所述材料的总体积至少大约为体积V1与V2之和。
16.如权利要求15所述的封隔器,其中:
当被介质接触时所述材料膨胀。
17.如权利要求16所述的封隔器,其中:
在有水和碳氢化合物之中至少一种存在时所述材料膨胀。
18.如权利要求17所述的封隔器,其中:
尽管所述密封元件发生故障,所述材料也会保持所述密封元件的密封。
19.如权利要求18所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括一套筒。
20.如权利要求19所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括膨胀性粘土、EPDM、天然橡胶和溴丁基橡胶中的至少一种。
21.一种膨胀式封隔器,包括:
一心轴;
一密封元件,其安装在所述心轴上,从而在其间确定一环形空间;
在所述环形空间中的材料,所述材料捕获至少一部分输送到所述环形空间的膨胀介质。
22.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料具有一初始体积V1并且被输送到所述环形空间的膨胀介质具有一初始体积V2;
体积V2被输送到所述环形空间,被输送流体和所述材料的总体积至少大约为体积V1与V2之和。
23.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
在所述密封元件发生故障的情况下,所述材料保留至少所述膨胀介质的一部分。
24.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
当被所述膨胀介质接触时所述材料膨胀。
25.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
在有水和碳氢化合物之中至少一种存在时所述材料膨胀。
26.如权利要求23所述的封隔器,其中:
尽管所述密封元件发生故障,在膨胀后所述材料保持所述密封元件的密封。
27.如权利要求25所述的封隔器,其中:
在水和碳氢化合物都存在时所述材料膨胀。
28.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括一套筒。
29.如权利要求28所述的封隔器,其中:
所述套筒是无缝的。
30.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括膨胀性粘土。
31.如权利要求21所述的封隔器,其中:
所述材料包括EPDM、天然橡胶和溴丁基橡胶中的至少一种。
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CN103348093B (zh) * 2011-02-24 2016-11-16 贝克休斯公司 具有扩大的范围特征的可膨胀式裸井封隔器
CN110067527A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2019-07-30 天津凯雷油田技术有限公司 井下密封筒修复工具
CN110067527B (zh) * 2019-06-12 2023-09-29 天津凯雷油田技术有限公司 井下密封筒修复工具

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US20080087441A1 (en) 2008-04-17
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CA2547007A1 (en) 2005-06-09
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RU2362006C2 (ru) 2009-07-20
NO340662B1 (no) 2017-05-29
CA2547007C (en) 2008-08-26
US7597152B2 (en) 2009-10-06
WO2005052308A1 (en) 2005-06-09
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