CN1900016A - Method for preparing far infrared composite ceramic radiation material series - Google Patents
Method for preparing far infrared composite ceramic radiation material series Download PDFInfo
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- CN1900016A CN1900016A CN 200610048475 CN200610048475A CN1900016A CN 1900016 A CN1900016 A CN 1900016A CN 200610048475 CN200610048475 CN 200610048475 CN 200610048475 A CN200610048475 A CN 200610048475A CN 1900016 A CN1900016 A CN 1900016A
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Abstract
The present invention is the preparation process of composite far infrared radiation ceramic material series. The raw materials includes basic material comprising ZrO2 60-85 wt% and TiO2 5-20 wt%, and supplementary material comprising SiO2 2-3 wt%, Al2O3 2-5 wt%, Y2O3 2-4 wt%, CaO 0.5-3 wt%, MgO 0.2-2 wt%, Fe2O3 2-6 wt%, and CuO 0.05-5 wt%. The raw materials plus water glass in 10-15 wt% may be prepared into composite far infrared radiation ceramic paint. The raw materials plus PVA as adhesive in 6-9 wt% may be prepared into composite far infrared radiation ceramic plate.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ceramic raw material preparation method, especially a kind of preparation of serial of far infrared composite ceramic radiation material.
Background technology
Far-infrared drying technology is grew up in nearly 20 years a kind of efficient, energy-conservation, have simultaneously the novel quick drying technology of environmental protection characteristic again, it is to utilize the radiator infrared radiation, and use the far-infrared radiation material, cause the vibration of material molecule, internal moisture is heated up rapidly, impel the material internal moisture to shift, reach the exsiccant purpose to the outside.If the radiator radiation emitted can be all or major part concentrate on the infrared spectra absorption band of the material that is dried, then the radiating capacity major part is absorbed, thereby has realized matched well, has improved thermo-efficiency and Energy Efficiency Ratio.Yet, existing ir radiation The Application of Technology is many in industry neutralization medical treatment, as on the inwall of large-scale iron and steel process furnace, adding radiation paint, raise the efficiency, car body baking vanish in the automotive industry, oven dry to timber, and flaw detection in the medical treatment and treatment wound etc., the major part that is used for food, processing of farm products is universality ir emitters such as carborudum tube, silica tube, make the matching of absorption spectrum of spectrum that infrared radiating element sends and dry object relatively poor, cause thermo-efficiency low, dry (system) is inhomogeneous, causes deterioration in quality.
Application (patent) number: 8510050.6 applyings date: 1985.04.01 open (bulletin) number: CN 85100506 open (bulletin) day: 1986.08.13
Application (patent) number: 00133680.0 applying date: 2000.12.01 open (bulletin) number: CN 1309107 open (bulletin) day: 2001.08.22
Summary of the invention
In order to solve electric power (electric furnace, electrical appliances such as electric oven) energy consumption for drying is excessive, the problem that Energy Efficiency Ratio is low excessively, solve firepower (fire coal, fuel oil or biomass-burning) drying plant is huge, smoke spillage can cause product contamination, peculiar smell appears, bake inequality and energy consumption and cross the problem of broad aspect, the present invention is according to the Spectral matching principle, designed the computer aided design (CAD) application program of being convenient to carry out the far infrared composite ceramic radiation material exploitation, designed and be suitable for cereal, fruit, the different far infrared composite ceramic radiation material prescriptions of greengrocery agricultural product material and herbal medicine class raw material and product dried.
1) according to the Spectral matching principle, with C++Builder as development platform, developed the The matching analysis program of a cover, set up the Spectral matching analysis software that is applicable to agricultural-food, food and fruits and vegetables class material and herbal medicine class raw material and goods based on cluster analysis ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analytics Techniques) algorithm.It is the initialize cluster centre that program begins part; Revise the polymeric type member then, the pattern of redistributing is in polymeric type; Determine deletion or merge polymeric type according to the mahalanobis distance that calculates again; Iterations is that precision prescribed is relevant with setting threshold in the calculating process, and threshold value is big, and then iterations is few, otherwise then iterations is many, when error is finished algorithmic procedure during less than threshold value, and the program stop operation.This program simplification working process, shortened design time, reduced the uncertain factor in design, quicken the development of far infrared composite ceramic radiation material prescription.
2) far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material
Use the Spectral matching analysis software of being developed,, obtain far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material after optimizing by analysis according to the far-infrared absorption spectrum of the material that is dried.Far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material comprises base-material and auxiliary material.Its base-material (all in massfraction) is ZrO
2(60～85%), TiO
2(5～20%), auxiliary material are SiO
2(2～3%), Al
2O
3(2～5%), Y
2O
3(2～4%), CaO (0.5～3%), MgO (0.2～2%), Fe
2O
3(2～6%), CuO (0.05～5%).
3) far-infrared composite ceramics radiation paint
The optimum formula that a kind of far-infrared radiation rate reaches 0.91 far-infrared ceramic radiation paint is: TiO
2(15%), ZrO
2(80%), Fe
2O
3(3%), MnO
2(1.5%), CuO (0.05%), water glass (10～15%).
Get far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 85-90% add tackiness agent water glass 10～15% coating.Be used in angular tube outside surface or body of heater internal surface in brushing kiln internal surface or the drying machine, get final product after the drying.
4) sintering technology of far-infrared composite ceramics radial lamella
TiO
2And ZrO
2Content to sintering after the size of final far-infrared radiation rate of sample material impact is arranged.Result of study shows that far-infrared radiated property is with TiO
2And ZrO
2Content increases in rising trend, but at TiO
2Content is near 15%, ZrO
2Content was near 80% o'clock, and far-infrared radiation rate ascendant trend is slowed down.
The making composition of raw materials of far-infrared composite ceramics radial lamella is: ZrO
2(70%), TiO
2(10%), SiO
2(2.5%), Al
2O
3(3.5%), Y
2O
3(2.5%), CaO (1%), MgO (0.5%), Fe
2O
3(4%), CuO (2%).Y wherein
2O
3Play ZrO
2The effect of crystal stabilization, MgO, CaO mix adding also can play Y
2O
3Similar effect.SiO
2Be non-plastic raw material, can regulate the plasticity-of pug, reduce the dry shrinkage of base substrate, shorten time of drying and prevent blank deformation.Al
2O
3The physical and chemical performance and the physical strength of ceramic can be improved, and ZrO can be prevented
2The low temperature aging problem of pottery.Fe
2O
3, CuO and above-mentioned auxiliary material have the effect of adjusting the emmission spectrum scope.
The technical process of preparation far-infrared ceramic radial lamella is: batch mixing, granulation, moulding, drying, sintering.
(1) granulation
The present invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol 6--9% as sizing agent, with far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 60--91% mixing, carries out the preceding granulation of radial lamella sintering.The characteristics of this sizing agent are, production technique is simple, and the porcelain void content is little, and the compound method of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is that water is heated to about 80 ℃, add polyvinyl alcohol 8%～12% then and fully stir the back and consider and go to get final product behind the dope of upper strata.The polyvinyl alcohol water solution 9% of batching with preparation mixed, adopt craft or tablets press to finish granulation.
(2) moulding
Adopt 300 * 100 (+3 nargin) steel die, utilize the compression moulding of four-column type hydraulic forming machine, compacting pressure is 40Mpa.Pressure is too small, and the base substrate density is not enough, and moisture wherein is difficult for discharging; Excessive, problems such as crackle, slabbing and demoulding difficulty then appear easily.Pressing speed and the dwell time performance to base substrate has very big influence.As pressurize too fast, the dwell time is too short, gas be difficult for to be discharged in the base substrate.Dwell time is short, and then pressure also is not delivered in the time of should the degree of depth being arranged, and pressure is just laid down, and comparatively ideal base substrate also is difficult to attain the Way.Because the area of radial lamella is bigger, and thinner, thereby pressing speed should be slower, the dwell time should be advisable at 3～5 seconds.
(3) drying
Drying is in order to reduce the water ratio of base substrate; Improve the physical strength of base substrate, reduce the breakage in the carrying and the course of processing; Make base substrate have the minimum kiln moisture of going into, shorten firing period, reduce fuel consumption.Concrete drying system is that elder generation slowly is warming up to 50 ℃, is incubated 5 hours, temperature is risen to 100 ℃ of insulations 10 hours again, then, is cooled to 50 ℃ again, is incubated to sintering.
(4) sintering
In sintering process, along with the rising and the heat treatment time prolongation of temperature, pore constantly reduces, and intergranular bonding force constantly strengthens, and when reaching certain temperature and certain heat treatment time, intergranular bonding force is maximum value.After surpassing maximum value, the little tendency that increases of pore just occurs, crystal grain increases simultaneously, and physical strength reduces.In the production process of pottery, burning till is one of vital operation.The series of physical chemical transformation will take place in base substrate in sintering process, as the disappearance of the generation of expansion, contraction, gas, the appearance of liquid phase, old crystalline phase, the formation of new crystalline phase etc.Under different temperature, atmospheric condition, the content that is changed is also different with degree, thereby forms different mineral compositions and microstructure, has determined quality and performance that ceramic is different.Therefore, calcining system is the key factor of the final performance of influence pottery in the sintering process.
Calcining system mainly comprises temperature-rise period, the highest sintering temperature, soaking time and cooling method.
Temperature-rise period: because the radial lamella structure is simple relatively, thinner thickness and even, so the initial period heat-up rate can be very fast, heats up in the mode of being rapidly heated, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h, in order to guarantee the adequacy of draining and plastic removal, be incubated two hours respectively at 450 ℃ and 600 ℃, between 600 ℃～900 ℃ because moisture and binding agent is got rid of totally substantially, liquid phase as yet the appearance and volumetric shrinkage not serious, so heat-up rate still can be very fast, determines that heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h.After 900 ℃, occur and the volumetric shrinkage aggravation because liquid phase is a large amount of, so that heat-up rate is difficult for is too fast, be defined as the intensification of middling speed heating mode, heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h.
The highest sintering temperature: through experimental study, when top temperature was 1190 ℃, the radial lamella structure was smooth, did not have obviously distortion, did not have cracking, knocked clear; When top temperature was 1150 ℃, radial lamella had the aliquation phenomenon, and color and luster, the feature when knocking sound and all meeting underburnt; When top temperature was 1350 ℃, serious deformation and bonding phenomenon had taken place in radial lamella, and these features belong to burn-off phenomenon.So the highest sintering temperature of the present invention is 1190 ℃ ± 20 ℃.
Soaking time: holding stage mainly is that each component in the base substrate is further carried out physical change and chemical reaction, is to obtain radial lamella to have densification, good structure and the important stage of performance.Soaking time is 2h.
Cooling method: temperature-fall period is the process that is cooled to normal temperature from the highest sintering temperature.In temperature-fall period, radial lamella is attended by physics and chemical transformation generations such as glassy phase solidifies, crystallization, crystal growth, phase transformation.Cooling method of the present invention adopts furnace cooling.
Beneficial effect:
Test through national infrared research, the normal direction whole radiation rate of radial lamella reaches 0.87.By the test to the relative radiant-energy spectrum of radial lamella, this radial lamella quantity of radiant energy mainly concentrates on 5～12 μ m spectrum ranges.
Test according to standard GB 4654-84.1984 " silicon carbide, zircon sand ceramic-like infrared radiation heater general technical specifications ", the infrared property index of this radiator all meets the GB requirement.
Embodiment one:
Base-material (all in massfraction) is ZrO
2(60～85%), TiO
2(5～20%), auxiliary material are SiO
2(2～3%), Al
2O
3(2～5%), Y
2O
3(2～4%), CaO (0.5～3%), MgO (0.2～2%), Fe
2O
3(2～6%), CuO (0.05～5%) according to the far-infrared absorption spectrum of the material that is dried, obtain far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material after optimizing by analysis.
Embodiment two:
The optimum formula of far-infrared ceramic radiation paint is: TiO
2(15%), ZrO
2(80%), Fe
2O
3(3%), MnO
2(1.5%), CuO (0.05%), water glass (10～15%); Far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 85-90% add tackiness agent water glass 10～15% coating.
Embodiment three:
The making composition of raw materials of far-infrared composite ceramics radial lamella is: ZrO
2(70%), TiO
2(10%), SiO
2(2.5%), Al
2O
3(3.5%), Y
2O
3(2.5%), CaO (1%), MgO (0.5%), Fe
2O
3(4%), CuO (2%).
Embodiment four:
Polyvinyl alcohol 6--9% with far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 60--91% mixing, carries out the preceding granulation of radial lamella sintering as sizing agent.The characteristics of this sizing agent are, production technique is simple, and the porcelain void content is little, and the compound method of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is that water is heated to about 80 ℃, add polyvinyl alcohol 8%～12% then and fully stir the back and consider and go to get final product behind the dope of upper strata.The polyvinyl alcohol water solution 9% of batching with preparation mixed, adopt craft or tablets press to finish granulation.Adopt 300 * 100 (+3 nargin) steel die, utilize the compression moulding of four-column type hydraulic forming machine, compacting pressure is 40Mpa.Pressure is too small, and the base substrate density is not enough, and moisture wherein is difficult for discharging; Excessive, problems such as crackle, slabbing and demoulding difficulty then appear easily.Pressing speed and the dwell time performance to base substrate has very big influence.As pressurize too fast, the dwell time is too short, gas be difficult for to be discharged in the bad body.Dwell time is short, and then pressure also is not delivered in the time of should the degree of depth being arranged, and pressure is just laid down, and comparatively ideal base substrate also is difficult to attain the Way.Because the area of radial lamella is bigger, and thinner, thereby pressing speed should be slower, the dwell time should be advisable at 3～5 seconds.Drying is in order to reduce the water ratio of base substrate; Improve the physical strength of base substrate, reduce the breakage in the carrying and the course of processing; Make base substrate have the minimum kiln moisture of going into, shorten firing period, reduce fuel consumption.Concrete drying system is that elder generation slowly is warming up to 50 ℃, is incubated 5 hours, temperature is risen to 100 ℃ of insulations 10 hours again, then, is cooled to 50 ℃ again, is incubated to sintering.In sintering process, along with the rising and the heat treatment time prolongation of temperature, pore constantly reduces, and intergranular bonding force constantly strengthens, and when reaching certain temperature and certain heat treatment time, intergranular bonding force is maximum value.After surpassing maximum value, the little tendency that increases of pore just occurs, crystal grain increases simultaneously, and physical strength reduces.In the production process of pottery, burning till is one of vital operation.The series of physical chemical transformation will take place in base substrate in sintering process, as the disappearance of the generation of expansion, contraction, gas, the appearance of liquid phase, old crystalline phase, the formation of new crystalline phase etc.Under different temperature, atmospheric condition, the content that is changed is also different with degree, thereby forms different mineral compositions and microstructure, has determined quality and performance that ceramic is different.Therefore, calcining system is the key factor of the final performance of influence pottery in the sintering process.
Calcining system mainly comprises temperature-rise period, the highest sintering temperature, soaking time and cooling method.
Temperature-rise period: because the radial lamella structure is simple relatively, thinner thickness and even, so the initial period heat-up rate can be very fast, heats up in the mode of being rapidly heated, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h, in order to guarantee the adequacy of draining and plastic removal, be incubated two hours respectively at 450 ℃ and 600 ℃, between 600 ℃～900 ℃ because moisture and binding agent is got rid of totally substantially, liquid phase as yet the appearance and volumetric shrinkage not serious, so heat-up rate still can be very fast, determines that heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h.After 900 ℃, occur and the volumetric shrinkage aggravation because liquid phase is a large amount of, so that heat-up rate is difficult for is too fast, be defined as the intensification of middling speed heating mode, heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h.
The highest sintering temperature: through experimental study, when top temperature was 1190 ℃, the radial lamella structure was smooth, did not have obviously distortion, did not have cracking, knocked clear; When top temperature was 1150 ℃, radial lamella had the aliquation phenomenon, and color and luster, the feature when knocking sound and all meeting underburnt; When top temperature was 1350 ℃, serious deformation and bonding phenomenon had taken place in radial lamella, and these features belong to burn-off phenomenon.So the highest sintering temperature of the present invention is 1190 ℃ ± 20 ℃.
Soaking time: holding stage mainly is that each component in the base substrate is further carried out physical change and chemical reaction, is to obtain radial lamella to have densification, good structure and the important stage of performance.Soaking time is 2h.
Cooling method: temperature-fall period is the process that is cooled to normal temperature from the highest sintering temperature.In temperature-fall period, radial lamella is attended by physics and chemical transformation generations such as glassy phase solidifies, crystallization, crystal growth, phase transformation.Cooling method of the present invention adopts furnace cooling.
Embodiment:
Base-material (all in massfraction) is ZrO
2(60～85%), TiO
2(5～20%), auxiliary material are SiO
2(2～3%), Al
2O
3(2～5%), Y
2O
3(2～4%), CaO (0.5～3%), MgO (0.2～2%), Fe
2O
3(2～6%), CuO (0.05～5%) obtain far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material according to the far-infrared absorption spectrum of the material that is dried after optimizing by analysis.The optimum formula of far-infrared ceramic radiation paint is: TiO
2(15%), ZrO
2(80%), Fe
2O
3(3%), MnO
2(1.5%), CuO (0.05%), water glass (10～15%); Far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 85-90% add tackiness agent water glass 10～15% coating.The making composition of raw materials of far-infrared composite ceramics radial lamella is: ZrO
2(70%), TiO
2(10%), SiO
2(2.5%), Al
2O
3(3.5%), Y
2O
3(2.5%), CaO (1%), MgO (0.5%), Fe
2O
3(4%), CuO (2%).Polyvinyl alcohol 6--9% with far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 60--91% mixing, carries out the preceding granulation of radial lamella sintering as sizing agent.The characteristics of this sizing agent are, production technique is simple, and the porcelain void content is little, and the compound method of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is that water is heated to about 80 ℃, add polyvinyl alcohol 8%～12% then and fully stir the back and consider and go to get final product behind the dope of upper strata.The polyvinyl alcohol water solution 9% of batching with preparation mixed, adopt craft or tablets press to finish granulation.Adopt 300 * 100 (+3 nargin) steel die, utilize the compression moulding of four-column type hydraulic forming machine, compacting pressure is 40Mpa.Pressure is too small, and the base substrate density is not enough, and moisture wherein is difficult for discharging; Excessive, problems such as crackle, slabbing and demoulding difficulty then appear easily.Pressing speed and the dwell time performance to base substrate has very big influence.As pressurize too fast, the dwell time is too short, gas be difficult for to be discharged in the base substrate.Dwell time is short, and then pressure also is not delivered in the time of should the degree of depth being arranged, and pressure is just laid down, and comparatively ideal base substrate also is difficult to attain the Way.Because the area of radial lamella is bigger, and thinner, thereby pressing speed should be slower, the dwell time should be advisable at 3～5 seconds.Drying is in order to reduce the water ratio of base substrate; Improve the physical strength of base substrate, reduce the breakage in the carrying and the course of processing; Make base substrate have the minimum kiln moisture of going into, shorten firing period, reduce fuel consumption.Concrete drying system is that elder generation slowly is warming up to 50 ℃, is incubated 5 hours, temperature is risen to 100 ℃ of insulations 10 hours again, then, is cooled to 50 ℃ again, is incubated to sintering.In sintering process, along with the rising and the heat treatment time prolongation of temperature, pore constantly reduces, and intergranular bonding force constantly strengthens, and when reaching certain temperature and certain heat treatment time, intergranular bonding force is maximum value.After surpassing maximum value, the little tendency that increases of pore just occurs, crystal grain increases simultaneously, and physical strength reduces.In the production process of pottery, burning till is one of vital operation.The series of physical chemical transformation will take place in base substrate in sintering process, as the disappearance of the generation of expansion, contraction, gas, the appearance of liquid phase, old crystalline phase, the formation of new crystalline phase etc.Under different temperature, atmospheric condition, the content that is changed is also different with degree, thereby forms different mineral compositions and microstructure, has determined quality and performance that ceramic is different.Therefore, calcining system is the key factor of the final performance of influence pottery in the sintering process.
Calcining system mainly comprises temperature-rise period, the highest sintering temperature, soaking time and cooling method.
Temperature-rise period: because the radial lamella structure is simple relatively, thinner thickness and even, so the initial period heat-up rate can be very fast, heats up in the mode of being rapidly heated, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h, in order to guarantee the adequacy of draining and plastic removal, be incubated two hours respectively at 450 ℃ and 600 ℃, between 600 ℃～900 ℃ because moisture and binding agent is got rid of totally substantially, liquid phase as yet the appearance and volumetric shrinkage not serious, so heat-up rate still can be very fast, determines that heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h.After 900 ℃, occur and the volumetric shrinkage aggravation because liquid phase is a large amount of, so that heat-up rate is difficult for is too fast, be defined as the intensification of middling speed heating mode, heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h.
The highest sintering temperature: through experimental study, when top temperature was 1190 ℃, the radial lamella structure was smooth, did not have obviously distortion, did not have cracking, knocked clear; When top temperature was 1150 ℃, radial lamella had the aliquation phenomenon, and color and luster, the feature when knocking sound and all meeting underburnt; When top temperature was 1350 ℃, serious deformation and bonding phenomenon had taken place in radial lamella, and these features belong to burn-off phenomenon.So the highest sintering temperature of the present invention is 1190 ℃ ± 20 ℃.
Soaking time: holding stage mainly is that each component in the base substrate is further carried out physical change and chemical reaction, is to obtain radial lamella to have densification, good structure and the important stage of performance.Soaking time is 2h.
Cooling method: temperature-fall period is the process that is cooled to normal temperature from the highest sintering temperature.In temperature-fall period, radial lamella is attended by physics and chemical transformation generations such as glassy phase solidifies, crystallization, crystal growth, phase transformation.Cooling method adopts furnace cooling.
Claims (4)
1, the invention discloses a kind of preparation of serial of far infrared composite ceramic radiation material, it is characterized in that: said far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material is a prescription, comprises base-material and auxiliary material, and its base-material is all counted with massfraction: ZrO
265～85%, TiO
25～15%, auxiliary material is SiO
22～3%, Al
2O
32～5%, Y
2O
31.5 CaO0.5～3%～3.5%), MgO 0.2～2%, Fe
2O
32～6%, CuO 0.05～5%, and the far infrared composite ceramic radiation material prescription adds water glass of binder, becomes far-infrared composite ceramics ceramic radiation coating; According to the far-infrared absorption spectrum of the material that is dried, obtain far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material after optimizing by analysis.
2, the preparation of serial of a kind of far infrared composite ceramic radiation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the optimum formula of far-infrared ceramic radiation paint is: TiO
215%, ZrO
280%, Fe
2O
33%, MnO
21.5%, CuO 0.05%, water glass 10～15%; Far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 85-90% add tackiness agent water glass 10～15% coating.
3, a kind of preparation of serial of far infrared composite ceramic radiation material is characterized in that, the making composition of raw materials of far-infrared composite ceramics radial lamella is: ZrO
270%, TiO
210%, SiO
22.5%, Al
2O
33.5%, Y
2O
32.5%, CaO 1%, MgO 0.5%, Fe
2O
34%, CuO 2%; Polyvinyl alcohol 6--9% is as sizing agent, with far-infrared composite ceramics radiation raw material 60--91% mixing.
4。The preparation of serial of a kind of far infrared composite ceramic radiation material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, carry out the preceding granulation of radial lamella sintering, the characteristics of this sizing agent are, production technique is simple, the porcelain void content is little, and the compound method of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is that water is heated to about 80 ℃, adds then to consider after polyvinyl alcohol 8%～12% fully stirs to go to get final product behind the dope of upper strata.The polyvinyl alcohol water solution 9% of batching with preparation mixed, adopt craft or tablets press to finish granulation.Adopt 300 * 100 (+3 nargin) steel die, utilize the compression moulding of four-column type hydraulic forming machine, compacting pressure is 40Mpa.Pressure is too small, and the base substrate density is not enough, and moisture wherein is difficult for discharging; Excessive, problems such as crackle, slabbing and demoulding difficulty then appear easily, pressing speed and the dwell time performance to base substrate has very big influence, as pressurize too fast, the dwell time is too short, gas is difficult for discharging in the base substrate, dwell time is short, then pressure also is not delivered in the time of should the degree of depth being arranged, pressure is just laid down, and the comparatively ideal base substrate that also is difficult to attain the Way is because the area of radial lamella is bigger, and it is thinner, thereby pressing speed should be slower, and the dwell time should be advisable at 3～5 seconds, and drying is in order to reduce the water ratio of base substrate; Improve the physical strength of base substrate, reduce the breakage in the carrying and the course of processing; Make base substrate have the minimum kiln moisture of going into, shorten firing period, reduce fuel consumption, concrete drying system is, earlier slowly be warming up to 50 ℃, be incubated 5 hours, again temperature is risen to 100 ℃ of insulations 10 hours, then, be cooled to 50 ℃ again, be incubated to sintering, in sintering process, along with the rising and the heat treatment time prolongation of temperature, pore constantly reduces, and intergranular bonding force constantly strengthens, when reaching certain temperature and certain heat treatment time, intergranular bonding force is maximum value, above after the maximum value, the little tendency that increases of pore just occurs, crystal grain increases simultaneously, physical strength reduces, and in the production process of pottery, burning till is one of vital operation, the series of physical chemical transformation will take place in base substrate in sintering process, as expanding, shrink, the generation of gas, the appearance of liquid phase, the disappearance of old crystalline phase, the formation of new crystalline phase etc. are in different temperature, under the atmospheric condition, the content that is changed is also different with degree, thereby form different mineral compositions and microstructure, determined quality and performance that ceramic is different, therefore, calcining system is the key factor of the final performance of influence pottery in the sintering process;
Calcining system mainly comprises temperature-rise period, the highest sintering temperature, soaking time and cooling method;
Temperature-rise period: because the radial lamella structure is simple relatively, thinner thickness and even is so the initial period heat-up rate can be very fast.Heat up in the mode of being rapidly heated, heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h, in order to guarantee the adequacy of draining and plastic removal, be incubated two hours respectively at 450 ℃ and 600 ℃, between 600 ℃～900 ℃, because moisture and binding agent is got rid of totally substantially, liquid phase as yet the appearance and volumetric shrinkage not serious, so heat-up rate still can be very fast, determine that heat-up rate is 100 ℃/h.After 900 ℃, occur and the volumetric shrinkage aggravation because liquid phase is a large amount of, so that heat-up rate is difficult for is too fast, be defined as the intensification of middling speed heating mode, heat-up rate is 50 ℃/h;
The highest sintering temperature: through experimental study, when top temperature was 1190 ℃, the radial lamella structure was smooth, did not have obviously distortion, did not have cracking, knocked clear; When top temperature was 1150 ℃, radial lamella had the aliquation phenomenon, and color and luster, the feature when knocking sound and all meeting underburnt; When top temperature was 1350 ℃, serious deformation and bonding phenomenon had taken place in radial lamella, and these features belong to burn-off phenomenon, so the highest sintering temperature of the present invention is 1190 ℃ ± 20 ℃;
Soaking time: holding stage mainly is that each component in the base substrate is further carried out physical change and chemical reaction, is to obtain radial lamella to have densification, good structure and the important stage of performance.Soaking time is 2h;
Cooling method: temperature-fall period is the process that is cooled to normal temperature from the highest sintering temperature.In temperature-fall period, radial lamella is attended by physics and chemical transformation generations such as glassy phase solidifies, crystallization, crystal growth, phase transformation.Cooling method of the present invention adopts furnace cooling.
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| CN (1) | CN1900016A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105719713A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-29 | 无锡市鑫盾辐射防护器材有限公司 | Novel antiradiation coating |
| CN105733327A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-07-06 | 上海荣泰健康科技股份有限公司 | Infrared coating material and infrared health-caring physical therapy device |
| CN107663082A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-06 | 安徽青花坊瓷业股份有限公司 | A kind of composite ceramic material |
| CN108821794A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 景德镇嘉能生态陶瓷科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of bio wave energy ceramic |
-
2006
- 2006-07-27 CN CN 200610048475 patent/CN1900016A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105733327A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-07-06 | 上海荣泰健康科技股份有限公司 | Infrared coating material and infrared health-caring physical therapy device |
| CN105719713A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-29 | 无锡市鑫盾辐射防护器材有限公司 | Novel antiradiation coating |
| CN107663082A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-02-06 | 安徽青花坊瓷业股份有限公司 | A kind of composite ceramic material |
| CN108821794A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 景德镇嘉能生态陶瓷科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and application of bio wave energy ceramic |
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