CN114524666A - High-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114524666A
CN114524666A CN202210319316.1A CN202210319316A CN114524666A CN 114524666 A CN114524666 A CN 114524666A CN 202210319316 A CN202210319316 A CN 202210319316A CN 114524666 A CN114524666 A CN 114524666A
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戚志宇
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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of material preparation. The 95 aluminum oxide ceramic material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 91-94% micron-sized alpha-Al2O3Powder, 2.5-4.5% of kaolin, 1-3% of talcum and 0-4% of zirconium silicate. The 95 alumina ceramic of the formula system has no dark spot defect, and the flexural strength is 293-403 MPa. The preparation method is to mix alpha-Al2O3The powder, kaolin, talc and zirconium silicate are weighed according to mass percentage, mixed, ball milled, dried and granulated, then the granulated powder is dry pressed into green bodies, and finally sintered for 2-4h at the temperature of 1600-1650 ℃ to obtain the high-strength and dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic. The invention eliminates the dark spot defect of the ceramic and improves the breaking strength of the ceramic by adjusting the formula of 95 aluminum oxide ceramic, so that the ceramic can completely meet the requirements of large-size and thin-wall ceramic wear-resistant parts and ceramicsElectric vacuum tube shell, etc. In addition, the preparation process is simple and easy to popularize and apply.

Description

High-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to high-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 95 alumina ceramic refers to high alumina ceramic with alumina content of 90-95 wt%. 95 alumina ceramics are widely applied to the fields of large-size and thin-wall ceramic wear-resistant parts, ceramic electric vacuum tube shells and the like due to excellent electromechanical properties of the ceramics.
At present, the commonly used 95 aluminum oxide ceramics all adopt a liquid phase sintering mode, namely, a sintering aid capable of forming a glass liquid phase is introduced, so that the ceramics can be densified at a lower sintering temperature. The common formula system for 95 aluminum oxide ceramic liquid phase sintering comprises CaO-Al2O3-SiO2,MgO-Al2O3-SiO2And CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Z.P. Xie compares the advantages and disadvantages of the three formula systems in detail, and discovers that CaO-Al2O3-SiO2The system has the highest breaking strength and fracture toughness, MgO-Al2O3-SiO2The system has the lowest flexural strength and fracture toughness. Thus, CaO-Al2O3-SiO2The system is particularly useful for preparing large-size and thin-walled ceramics to enhance their impact resistance and later assembly yields. However, the studies of L.P. Kang et Al, Z.A. Sun et Al and H.Z. Liu et Al all showed CaO-Al2O3-SiO2And CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2The ceramic of the system is formed by the internal anorthite (CaAl)2Si2O8) And gehlenite (Ca)2Al2SiO7) The uneven distribution of the secondary crystalline phase is very likely to cause dark spot defects, also known as cloud or oil spot defects, as shown in fig. 1. The dark spots do not affect the electrical insulation of the ceramic, but seriously affect the beauty and the breaking strength of the ceramic.
Researchers have also proposed many solutions to the above-mentioned ceramic dark spot defects. Dark spots were found to be alleviated, but not completely eliminated, by strengthening the in-kiln ventilation during ceramic sintering, such as b.q. Zhang. Z.Y. Jin, etc. burn back the dark spot porcelain, and the results after burn back in different kilns are found to be completely opposite, i.e. the dark spot of the porcelain disappears after burn back in a muffle furnace or a hydrogen furnace, and the dark spot becomes more serious after burn back in a gas furnace. However, the ceramic is relatively high in energy consumption during the back firing, which is not favorable for production and popularization. Z.A. Sun et al propose to try to increase the sintering temperature of the ceramic and prolong the holding time, but no specific research data is given. From the research reports, the current proposal for solving the dark spots of the 95 alumina ceramics mainly focuses on the sintering process of the ceramics, and the research on the formula of the 95 alumina ceramics is not involved.
No studies have been reported on the adjustment of 95 alumina ceramic formulations to eliminate dark spot defects and improve the flexural strength of the ceramic. According to the invention, the ceramic material without dark spots and high strength can be obtained by adjusting the addition amounts of kaolin, talc and zirconium silicate in the formula of 95 alumina ceramic, and the application in the fields of large-size and thin-wall ceramic wear-resistant parts, ceramic electric vacuum tube shells and the like is met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composition and a preparation method of a 95 alumina ceramic material with the strength of 326-403MPa and without dark spot defects, so as to meet the requirements of application fields such as large-size and thin-wall ceramic wear-resistant parts, ceramic electric vacuum tube shells and the like on the high-strength 95 alumina ceramic material without dark spots.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the high-strength 95 alumina ceramic without dark spots comprises 91-94% of micron-sized alpha-Al in percentage by mass2O3Powder, 2.5-4.5% of kaolin, 1-3% of talcum and 0-4% of zirconium silicate.
Preferably, the micron-sized α -Al2O3The purity of the powder is more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
Preferably, the purity of the zirconium silicate is more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
A preparation method of high-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the micron-sized alpha-Al according to the mass percentage2O3Powder, kaolin, talc, zirconium silicate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is ground by a grinding medium ball mill for 20-24h, and dried in an oven at 80-120 ℃ for 12-24h after the ball milling is finished to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 0.7-1.1% of the mass of the raw powder. And then dry-pressing and molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 80-100MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 2-4h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: (1) according to the invention, the dark spot defect of the ceramic is eliminated by adjusting the formula of the 95 aluminum oxide ceramic, so that the qualification rate of the product is improved; (2) the invention improves the flexural strength of the ceramic by adjusting the formula of 95 alumina ceramic, so that the ceramic can completely meet the application in the fields of large-size and thin-wall ceramic wear-resistant parts, ceramic electric vacuum tube shells and the like; (3) the preparation process is simple and easy to popularize and apply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a 95 alumina ceramic dark spot defect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example one
(1) Weighing 94 percent of micron-sized alpha-Al in percentage by mass2O3Powder, 3% kaolin, 3% talc; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is ground by a grinding medium ball mill for 20 hours, and dried in an oven at 80 ℃ for 24 hours after the ball milling is finished, so as to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 0.7% of the mass of the raw powder. And then carrying out dry pressing molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 80MPa, and the dwell time is 10 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1650 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 2h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
The test shows that the performance parameters of the ceramic of the embodiment are shown in Table 1, wherein the density of the ceramic is 3.70g/cm3, the proportion of dark spots is 0 percent, and the breaking strength of the ceramic is 293 MPa.
Example two
(1) Weighing 93 percent of micron-sized alpha-Al according to mass percentage2O3Powder, 4% of kaolin, 2% of talc and 1% of zirconium silicate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is ground by a grinding medium ball mill for 22 hours, and dried in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 15 hours after the ball milling is finished, so as to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 0.8% of the mass of the raw powder. And then carrying out dry pressing molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 90MPa, and the dwell time is 5 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1640 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 3h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
After testing, the ceramics of this exampleThe performance parameters of (A) are shown in Table 1, wherein the ceramic density is 3.71g/cm3The dark spot ratio is 0%, and the breaking strength of the ceramic is 326 MPa.
EXAMPLE III
(1) Weighing 92% micron-sized alpha-Al in percentage by mass2O3Powder, 4.5% of kaolin, 1.5% of talc and 2% of zirconium silicate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is ground by a grinding medium ball mill for 23 hours, and after the ball milling is finished, the raw material powder is dried in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 0.9% of the mass of the raw powder. And then carrying out dry pressing molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 95MPa, and the dwell time is 7 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1630 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 3h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
The test shows that the performance parameters of the ceramic of the embodiment are shown in Table 1, wherein the density of the ceramic is 3.73g/cm3The dark spot ratio is 0%, and the breaking strength of the ceramic is 359 MPa.
Example four
(1) Weighing 92% micron-sized alpha-Al in percentage by mass2O3Powder, 4% of kaolin, 1% of talc and 3% of zirconium silicate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is milled for 24 hours by a milling medium, and dried for 12 hours in a 120 ℃ oven after the milling is finished to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 1.1% of the mass of the raw powder. And then carrying out dry pressing molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 100MPa, and the dwell time is 1 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1620 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 4h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) performing appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, detecting the density of the ceramic by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
The performance parameters of the ceramic of this example are shown in Table 1, wherein the density of the ceramic is 3.74g/cm3The dark spot ratio is 0%, and the breaking strength of the ceramic is 376 MPa.
EXAMPLE five
(1) Weighing 91 percent of micron-sized alpha-Al in percentage by mass2O3Powder, 2.5% of kaolin, 2.5% of talc and 4% of zirconium silicate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is milled for 22 hours by a milling medium, and dried for 18 hours in a drying oven at 100 ℃ after the milling is finished to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 0.9% of the mass of the raw powder. And then carrying out dry pressing molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 85MPa, and the dwell time is 7 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1600 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 4h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
The test shows that the performance parameters of the ceramic of the embodiment are shown in Table 1, wherein the density of the ceramic is 3.77g/cm3, the proportion of dark spots is 0 percent, and the breaking strength of the ceramic is 403 MPa.
In order to compare the effects of the present invention, the following set of comparative examples was specifically arranged. The procedure for preparing the ceramics of comparative examples is as follows, and the performance parameters of the ceramics of comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) Weighing 91 percent of micron-sized alpha-Al in percentage by mass2O3Powder, 5% of kaolin and 4% of calcium carbonate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is ground by a grinding medium ball mill for 22 hours, and dried in a 120 ℃ oven for 12 hours after the ball milling is finished, so as to obtain raw material powder;
(2) and (2) adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 1.0% of the mass of the raw powder. And then carrying out dry pressing molding on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 100MPa, and the dwell time is 3 min. The green size is dependent on the shape of the mold.
(3) Sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1650 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 2h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
(4) and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
The test shows that the performance parameters of the ceramic of the embodiment are shown in Table 1, wherein the density of the ceramic is 3.74g/cm3, the proportion of dark spots is 93%, the flexural strength of the ceramic without dark spots is 368MPa, and the flexural strength of the ceramic with dark spots is 291 MPa.
The performance parameters for the 95 alumina ceramics prepared in examples one to five and comparative example one are as follows:
Figure 480969DEST_PATH_IMAGE002

Claims (2)

1. the high-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic is characterized by comprising the following formula components in percentage by mass:
91-94% micron-sized alpha-Al2O3Powder, 2.5-4.5% of kaolin, 1-3% of talcum and 0-4% of zirconium silicate.
2. A preparation method of high-strength 95 aluminum oxide ceramic without dark spots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
weighing the micron-sized alpha-Al according to the mass percentage2O3Powder, kaolin, talc, zirconium silicate; placing the prepared material in Al2O3Deionized water with the same mass as the powder is added into a ball milling tank made of the material, and Al is added2O3The material is ground by a grinding medium ball mill for 20-24h, and dried in an oven at 80-120 ℃ for 12-24h after the ball milling is finished to obtain raw material powder;
adding a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder into the raw powder prepared in the step (1) for granulation, wherein the PVA binder accounts for 0.7-1.1% of the raw powder by mass,
then dry-pressing and molding are carried out on a hydraulic press, wherein the molding pressure is 80-100MPa, the dwell time is 1-10min,
the green body size is determined according to the shape of the die;
sintering the green body obtained in the step (2) at 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/mim, the heat preservation time is 2-4h, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
and (3) firstly carrying out appearance detection on the sintered ceramic sample, then detecting the ceramic density by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, and finally detecting the breaking strength of the ceramic according to a GB/T6569-2006 fine ceramic bending strength test method.
CN202210319316.1A 2022-03-29 2022-03-29 High-strength dark-spot-free 95 aluminum oxide ceramic and preparation method thereof Pending CN114524666A (en)

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CN116283236A (en) * 2022-12-13 2023-06-23 潍柴火炬科技股份有限公司 Alumina ceramic and preparation method and application thereof

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