CN1898071A - 容器或预成品的内螺纹的旋锻成型方法与具有这样内螺纹的容器和预成品 - Google Patents

容器或预成品的内螺纹的旋锻成型方法与具有这样内螺纹的容器和预成品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1898071A
CN1898071A CNA2004800391033A CN200480039103A CN1898071A CN 1898071 A CN1898071 A CN 1898071A CN A2004800391033 A CNA2004800391033 A CN A2004800391033A CN 200480039103 A CN200480039103 A CN 200480039103A CN 1898071 A CN1898071 A CN 1898071A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
neck
preform
container
screw thread
moulding
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Pending
Application number
CNA2004800391033A
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English (en)
Inventor
W·布鲁斯·拉森
托马斯·E·纳希尔
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Graham Packaging Pet Technologies Inc
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Graham Packaging Pet Technologies Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Graham Packaging Pet Technologies Inc filed Critical Graham Packaging Pet Technologies Inc
Publication of CN1898071A publication Critical patent/CN1898071A/zh
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
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    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/76—Neck calibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
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Abstract

一种制造具有内螺纹瓶口的塑料容器的方法。该容器由一个具有主体(12)和整体颈部(14)的预成品(10)制成，其预成品的主体在一个铸模腔中膨胀形成容器的主体。在预成品的主体吹塑成型之前或之后，必须在颈部加工出至少一道内螺纹(20)。此内螺纹可由将具有外沿沟槽(28)的第一工具(22)与颈部的内表面相啮合，并将具有外沿边缘(32)的第二工具(24)与颈部的外表面相啮合，然后进行颈部和工具的相对旋转旋锻而成。本申请同时还公开了这种预成品与容器。

Description

容器或预成品的内螺纹的旋锻成型 方法与具有这样内螺纹的容器和预成品
本申请主要针对塑料容器，吹塑成型的塑料容器的预成品，以及在预成品或容器上加工内螺纹的方法。
背景技术
在制造塑料容器如单层或多层的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)容器时，一般会塑造一个具有主体和有一道或多道外螺纹的瓶口的容器预成品。通常瓶口在预成品上最终成型，然后预成品的主体按照容器主体形状的要求吹塑成型。然而，这种制造技术并不适于具有内螺纹的预成品或容器的制造，其原因之一是很难将具有内塑造螺纹的预成品与其成型模具相剥离。
因此，需要有一种来在塑料预成品或容器的瓶口上加工内螺纹的方法，以及提供这种具有内螺纹的预成品或容器瓶口。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施例中，提供了一种在一个预成品或容器的塑料颈部加工至少一道内螺纹的方法。本方法包括如下步骤：
a)将具有外沿沟槽的第一工具与颈部的内表面相啮合；
b)具有外沿边缘的第二工具与颈部的外表面相啮合；
c)然后进行颈部和工具的相对旋转，使得颈部在沟槽与边缘之间旋锻形成至少一道内螺纹。
在本方法的其他可选方案中，相对旋转的步骤可包括：
旋转两个工具；
旋转预成品；
旋转预成品并旋转第一和第二工具之一；
旋转两个工具并旋转预成品。
本方法可在预成品上完成，然后可将预成品的主体吹塑成型制成容器。同样的，本方法还可在容器的颈部上完成，如由预成品吹塑成型的容器。该预成品可由喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型。该预成品在成型时可在颈部塑造一个外螺纹，这样可生产出一个同时具有外塑造螺纹和内旋锻螺纹的预成品或容器颈部。
该内螺纹的螺距可制成变化或不变的，螺纹可为简单的凹槽，如环绕颈部的一道连续沟槽。
在本方法的一个实施例中，还包括一个在内螺纹成型的同时修光颈部上表面的步骤。该修光步骤可由对颈部上表面进行热压处理来完成。
在其他实施例中，还可设置一个独立的颈环，该颈环可装配在颈部，位于颈部外表面之上。此颈环可具有外螺纹，其本身就可为一个已成型的塑料制品。
在各种实施例中，可对一个或多个工具进行加热。同样的，预成品或容器的颈部也可被加热以促进内旋锻螺纹的成型过程。
在另一个实施例中，提供了一个包含一个塑料预成品或容器的制品。该制品具有一个圆柱形颈部，其颈壁厚度基本均匀，并且颈部具有至少一道内旋锻螺纹。该制品还可包含一个颈环，该颈环盖紧在颈部上并且具有至少一道外螺纹。另外，该外螺纹可由喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型。该容器可为由预成品吹塑成型的塑料容器。
以下的描述和附图一起组成了本说明书的一部分，对本发明的一些实施例进行了说明。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明所述的一个方面的没有铸造螺纹的预成品的透视图。
图2为对图1所示的预成品进行内螺纹旋锻的示意图。
图3为在容器中进行内螺纹旋锻的示意图，该容器由图1所示的预成品制成。
图4为图3中区域4部分的剖面图。
图5为在本发明的另一实施例中，同时具有内螺纹和外螺纹的预成品和颈环配件的透视图。
图6为对具有外塑造螺纹的预成品进行内螺纹旋锻的示意图。
图7为具有一个外塑造螺纹和一个内旋锻螺纹的预成品的剖面图。
图8为在另一实施例中，具有一道内部水平沟槽(作为内旋锻螺纹)的预成品的剖面图。
图9为在本发明的各种实施例中，预成品与第一和第二工具进行不同形式相对运动的示意图。
图10为在容器上进行内螺纹旋锻和在容器颈部上表面进行修光的组合步骤的示意图。
优选实施例的详细描述
图1示出了一个具有主体12和一个整体颈部14的容器预成品10的例子。颈部14的轮廓最好呈圆柱形，并且在本实施例中该颈部成型时不具有任何内部或外部螺纹。图1所示的预成品10在成型时同时塑造了一个外边缘16用以与加固式结构共同来盖紧最终的容器，以及一个支撑凸缘18以便于预成品和容器的操作。边缘16和凸缘18是可选结构。圆柱形颈部14的径向颈壁厚度通常是均匀的。预成品10可由喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型，其制造材料可选择单层塑料结构如PET，或多层塑料结构，例如其具有PET的基体层或结构层以及具有单个或多个隔离材料(如乙烯醇(EVOH)或尼龙)构成的中间层。该隔离层可延伸至预成品颈部14，或不延伸到那儿。
如本发明的一个方面所述，颈部14的内螺纹可在预成品的主体12吹塑成型之前或之后旋锻成型。如图2所示，一道或多条内螺纹20在预成品的主体12吹塑成型之前已旋锻在颈部14中。该螺纹20是由将第一旋转工具22与颈部14的内表面相啮合，以及第二旋转工具24与颈部14的外表面相啮合，然后在预成品颈部旋锻成型的。内部工具22包括一个具有外沿沟槽28的圆盘26，外部工具24包括一个具有外沿边缘32的圆盘30。将工具22和工具24分别与颈部14的内表面和外表面相啮合，旋转工具(以及预成品)，从而边缘32使得颈部14的塑料材料发生形变，将其锻入工具22的沟槽28中。如有需要，可在过程中对工具22和24两个或其中之一加热来促进形变；或者，此旋锻也可以是一个冷处理操作。在颈部14的内螺纹20成型之后，就可将预成品10放入合适的吹塑模具中，然后对加热过的预成品主体12进行吹塑以形成容器的主体12a(如图3所示)。
图3示出了旋锻的另一种方法，该方法在容器主体12a吹塑成型以后再对预成品颈部14进行内螺纹20的旋锻。图3中各部件的标号与图1-2中的相同。无论预成品上内螺纹的成型是在预成品的主体吹塑成型之前或之后，颈部14的径向颈壁厚度基本保持均匀，如图4所示。
图5示出了一个在瓶口同时具有内螺纹和外螺纹的预成品或容器的成型方法。在预成品或容器(如图2或图3所示)的颈部14的一道或多道内螺纹20旋锻之后，将一个独立的颈环34扣在颈部14的外表面上。颈环34上具有一道或多道预成型的外螺纹34。作为图5的改进形式，边缘16和/或支撑凸缘18可形成在环34而不是预成品上。这样，图5实施例所示的最终的容器将同时包括内外螺纹，其内螺纹旋锻在容器颈部，而外螺纹塑造在一个独立的颈环上。
图6和7示出了制造同时具有内外螺纹的预成品的另一种方法。在此预成品40中，该预成品在成型时将外螺纹42塑造在预成品颈部44上。成型之后，在吹塑预成品主体之前或之后，再利用旋锻工具22和24在颈部44上塑造内螺纹46。
在螺纹成型的过程中或该操作之前，可能需要加热颈部14。这个加热过程可由工具22和24来进行传导。颈部最佳的加热温度要高于室温，如对于PET材料的瓶口来说为50℃～100℃。瓶颈的温度最好不要超过颈部玻璃材料的转变温度Tg多于约40至50℃。例如，将瓶颈加热至120℃或更高的温度将引起颈部的扭曲和形变。在颈部14的厚度为0.5至1mm(0.019至0.039英寸)时，5秒钟的接触时间对于螺纹成型已经足够。更短的接触时间，如一秒或几秒则可能不够，除非瓶颈非常薄；这在图1-4所示的实施例中可能不合要求，但在图5所示的实施例中则能够适用。
这样，就在预成品的E壁和容器颈部14上旋锻成型了一道或多道内螺纹。预成品或容器颈部的全部或部分可在内螺纹20成型之前或过程中结晶化，以避免发生收缩或扭曲。这在一些容纳高温物质的应用例中尤其需要，否则其容器中容纳的物质的温度有可能造成容器瓶口的收缩或扭曲。容器瓶口的结晶化可沿颈部的径向和轴向延伸至整个瓶颈，如有需要，还可包括边缘16和/或支撑凸缘18。
图8示出了在另一实施例中，一个具有主体52和颈部54的预成品50的横截面。该颈部的内螺纹为一道环绕颈部圆周的水平连续沟槽56。
图9与图2类似，阐明了旋锻操作。不同的是，图9中显示了第一工具22、第二工具24以及的预成品颈部14的不同运动方向(分别为箭头22a、22b，箭头24a、24b以及箭头14a)。图示的预成品具有一个主体12和具有内旋锻螺纹的颈部14。该预成品具有一根纵轴CL，第一工具22可围绕一根基本平行于此纵轴的轴旋转(箭头22a)，也可沿此纵轴做轴向运动(箭头22b)。第二工具24与第一工具具有相似的运动方向(箭头24a和24b)，不过应该说明的是，在任何操作中，第二工具均以与第一工具相反的方向进行旋转。总的来说，第二工具沿一道环绕预成品颈部的大弧线(箭头31)运动，从而形成内螺纹。在与一个或两个工具的结合下，预成品本身可环绕其纵轴旋转(箭头14a)。经过这些相对运动，即可形成一道具有水平排列的螺线或凹槽的螺纹，或一道具有相对于预制成品的纵轴倾斜的螺线或凹槽的螺纹。
图10示出了另一种实施例，图中正在将内螺纹62旋锻至容器60的颈部上。在旋锻内螺纹的同时，第一工具80也在使用修光工具82对容器颈部66的上表面64进行修光，该修光工具位于与颈部上表面64相邻接的位置。修光板82在压缩弹簧84的压力作用下紧靠住颈部的上表面，并且在操作中，还可对修光板进行加热，以加热上表面同时促进修光。图中第一和第二工具80和90绕相互平行的旋转轴反方向旋转。
内螺纹可用于连接例如盖的封闭件以便密封容器，或者可用于连接例如倾倒壶嘴的附件。
预成品可以是任何适当的塑料结构，如单层PET或多层结构，多层结构可由PET层与树脂的隔离层如乙烯醇或尼龙相交替。预成品可由喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型。同样的，颈环也可以是喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型的塑料制品。颈环和预成品是相分离的，因此颈环可以使用任何所需要的材料结构，可以与预成品相同，也可以是与预成品不同的更适宜的材料。例如，颈环可以是PET，用后回收树脂(PCR)，再研磨材料(REG)，聚丙烯(PP)，聚乙烯(PE)或聚乙烯石脑油(PEN)结构。若颈环为聚酯结构(如PET，PEN或再研磨处理)，则该颈环成型时可以为全部或部分结晶化。这可以通过使用快结晶型材料，或合理设置颈环加工处理过程的条件来达到，如提高塑模温度，减缓塑模的冷却过程，加热模腔中特定区域等等。在成型后的操作中，颈环可以是部分或全部结晶化的。也就是说，颈环的材料和制造条件的选择可独立于预成品的材料和制造条件，这样制成的最终容器和预成品的瓶口部分可达到所需的要求。此外，预成品可由薄壁元件塑模成型，而不需将物料流引入较厚的瓶口区域，从而节约了材料成本和塑模周期。使用干涉配合(如压配合或收缩配合)、粘接或焊接的方法将颈环扣紧在颈部。颈环和/或预成品颈部可设置有适当的装置以防止颈环在颈部的转动。
仔细阅读了本申请所公开的说明书和实例后，本领域的技术人员将能够清楚本发明的其他实施例。上述的说明书和实施例仅仅是示例性的，本发明的真正范围将由权利要求书说明。

Claims (24)

1.一种在预成品或容器的塑料颈部形成至少一道内螺纹的方法，其包括如下步骤：
(a)将具有外沿沟槽的第一工具与颈部的内表面相啮合；
(b)具有外沿边缘的第二工具与颈部的外表面相啮合；以及
(c)使颈部和工具相对旋转，以便在沟槽与边缘之间在颈部中旋锻形成至少一道内螺纹。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中引起相对旋转的步骤包括：
(a)旋转两个工具；
(b)旋转预成品；
(c)旋转预成品并旋转第一和第二工具之一；
(d)旋转两个工具以及预成品。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该方法在预成品的颈部上实行。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中预成品包括主体；所述方法包括，继内旋锻螺纹成型后，将预成品的主体吹塑成型以制成容器。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该方法在容器的颈部上实行。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中预成品由喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括在内螺纹成型的同时修光颈部上表面的步骤。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中螺纹的螺距可制成变化或不变的。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中螺纹为凹槽。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中凹槽是环绕颈部的连续凹槽。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
(d)提供颈环；以及
(e)将颈环装配在颈部，使该颈环被容纳在颈部外表面上。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中颈环具有外螺纹。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中颈环是成型的具有外螺纹的塑料颈环。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中颈部是具有外螺纹的成型颈部。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中外塑造螺纹和内旋锻螺纹沿轴向移置。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法，该方法包括加热所述工具的一个或全部两个。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法，该方法包括加热一个或多个颈部，第一工具和第二工具。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中预成品具有主体，所述方法进一步的包括，在形成内旋锻螺纹之前或之后，用吹塑法使主体成型以制成容器。
19.一种根据权利要求1的所述方法制作的塑料预成品或容器，在其颈部单独具有至少一道内旋锻螺纹，或者还一起具有颈部的一道外塑造螺纹。
20.一种包括塑料预成品或容器的制品，具有：
(a)圆柱形颈部，该颈部的颈壁厚度基本均匀；
(b)在颈部中至少有一道内旋锻螺纹。
21.如权利要求20所述的制品，还包括颈环，该颈环盖紧在颈部上并且具有至少一道外螺纹。
22.如权利要求20所述的制品，其中颈部由喷射模塑或压缩模塑法成型。
23.如权利要求20所述的制品，其中颈部具有整体成型的外螺纹。
24.如权利要求20所述的制品，其中制品是吹塑成型的容器。
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