The inorganic-phase variable composite material of membrane-coated porous adsorptive production method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of inorganic-phase variable composite material and utilization inorganic-phase variable composition (core) thereof are produced this material by porous absorption and outer coating double technique.
Background technology
Energy problem is leading problem, the strategic issue that countries in the world are paid close attention to all the time, and the appearance of phase-changing energy storage material has become a new flower in energy-saving material field, and the discussion of its development, application and practice follow energy-conservation purport closely and go.United States Patent (USP) 4,504,402 have disclosed a kind of technology of microcapsule coated phase-change material, and this material particle size is 0.3-2.5cm, and outsourcing microcapsule volume is the 5-30% of total volume.The ratio that organism outsourcing capsule accounts for is big, wall thickness, and thermal conductivity reduces greatly, and the excessive phase change material Application Areas of particle diameter is placed restrictions on.The phase transformation sphere diameter 2-10mm that another United States Patent (USP) 5,709,945 discloses, also there is the problem that thermal conductivity is low, range of application is narrow in coating thickness 170-650 μ m.Patents such as CN1695789, CN1519294, CN1657587 all to phase change material with different schemes to social public technology, made contribution separately.CN1587339A discloses Tongji University's " porous graphite base phase-change energy-storage composite material and preparation method thereof " patented technology, makes body material with porous graphite, and the organic phase change material that infiltrates again constitutes.This is a kind ofly to make phase change material with organism, the method for porous graphite absorption, and this method has soak time long partially, needs the deficiency of vacuum suction; Improve thermal conductivity though there is graphite to add, but still do not overcome the low essential defective of organism phase change material thermal conductivity.
Combine and to look at phase change material production technology both domestic and external, the leakage etching problem that solid-liquid phase becomes mobile leakage problem, especially the inorganic hydrated salt class phase change material of back liquid phase takes place solving phase change material, adopt the microcapsule outsourcing technical finesse of phase change material more.
It is in the phase change material that the outer packet technology of this microcapsule also is used in paraffin.Abroad the someone writes articles that to have introduced with paraffin be phase change material, and Sudan Gum-arabic and gelatin are the capsule body material, and formaldehyde and ethanol are the method that solvent prepares the capsule type phase change material.
By retrieval, do not find inorganic phase change material as yet,, do not see that respective material emerges yet with the relevant report of porous absorption and outsourcing capsule double technique production inorganic-phase variable composite material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is above-mentioned deficiency at prior art, design a kind of with the inorganic hydrated salt class do phase change material, thermal conductivity height, needn't vacuum suction, both adopted porous absorption, adopt outer (film coatings) that coats of microcapsule again, can effectively solve leakages, crystal water volatilization, corrosion problems, more help improving the method for phase change material intensity and stable production inorganic-phase variable composite material.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure: preparation and film that this production method is divided into phase change composite material coat two steps:
(1) preparation of phase change composite material: form phase change compositions by following raw materials according and weight part thereof: 73-98 part inorganic hydrated salt, the anti-phase separation agent of 0.3-3 part, 0.5-2 part were prevented cryogen; Be 1 in above-mentioned composite phase change compositions total weight parts than the weight part of porous mineral sorbing material again: the ratio of 0.1-1 is got the latter's material ready; The phase change compositions that will mix by weight ratio earlier adds in the reactor, be heated to above the temperature condition of the fusing point of the inorganic hydrated salt of selecting for use, melt to transparent liquid phase, add again and prepared standby porous mineral material, stir, insulation absorption 1-12 hour is cooled to the formation solid phase, and blowing is crushed to the granular or powdered inorganic-phase variable composite material that particle diameter is 0.1mm-20 μ m;
(2) film coats: with the good solvent of 10-20 weight part membrane-forming agent, 80-90 part membrane-forming agent, both are added in the aforesaid reaction vessel, heating is with the membrane-forming agent fusion, add 10-30 weight part inorganic-phase variable composite material again, stir, drip the poor solvent of 90-110 weight part membrane-forming agent more gradually, through cohesion, membrane-forming agent is coated on outside the inorganic-phase variable composite material, filter, dry through precipitation, blowing again.
Purpose of the present invention can also be come perfect by following measure: in phase change compositions, 1-20 weight part fusing point conditioning agent can be arranged also; Inorganic hydrated salt is at least a in calcium chloride hexahydrate, five waterside sodium chlorate, four water Repone K, Iron trichloride hexahydrate, iron vitriol, Monoammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate, seven aqueous sodium persulfates, sal glauberi, ten hydrogen phosphate dihydrate sodium, five water Sulfothiorine, the Sodium carbonate decahydrate; Anti-phase separation agent is at least a in Natvosol, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, cellulose sodium carboxymethyl (CMC), the High hydrophilous resin; Prevented that cryogen was at least a in barium carbonate, calcium sulfate, borax, the polyethers; The porous mineral material is natural goods or purification thing or an activator at least a in diatomite, wilkinite, pearlstone, zeolite, kaolin, sepiolite, float stone, the vermiculite; Membrane-forming agent in the film coating technology is a kind of in paraffin, polyolefine, polyacrylic ester, ethyl cellulose, the rosin; This inorganic-phase variable composite material of membrane-coated porous adsorptive is made up of inorganic-phase variable composition, porous mineral sorbing material, coating film three parts, three's weight ratio is followed successively by 80-120: 10-40: 1-3, the wall thickness of coating film<15 μ m wherein, this matrix material particle diameter is 0.1mm-20 μ m.
Embodiment
The present invention further illustrates below in conjunction with embodiment: why the present invention adopts film to coat the two methods that combines with porous absorption, be based on following consideration: as the inorganic hydrated salt core, its outer capsule that coats, though can solve problems such as leakage, corrosion, but if capsule wall does not have certain thickness, the undercapacity of coating layer then, it is special when core is liquid phase, the easy fragmentation of capsule also can cause leakage, etching problem, if gain in strength with increasing the capsule wall thickness, then the capsular thermal conductivity of organism further reduces.If use porous adsorbing material merely, then anti-leak, corrosive nature owe desirable, especially are difficult to take precautions against the volatilization ease mistake of crystal water, and the stability of phase change material reduces.Adopt porous absorption to combine with microcapsulary, both utilized the adsorption function of porous material, also utilize its support function, increase the physical strength of phase change composite material, thereby the wall that makes microcapsule is made thin as membranous type, thereby rename as " film coating ", so that thermal conductivity also is unlikely to fall lowly excessively, this is the present invention's core place.
Below the composition and the weight part proportioning thereof of phase change compositions are tabulated 1:
Embodiment weight part constituent | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Inorganic hydrated salt 73-98 part | CaCl
2·6H
2O
| 93 | | 95 | | 95 | | |
Na
2SO
4·10H
2O
| | 80 | | 98 | | | |
Na
2CO
3·10H
2O
| | | | | | 96 | 96 |
Anti-phase separation agent 0.3-3 part | HEC (hydroxylated cellulose) | 0.5 | | 2 | | 3 | | |
High hydrophilous resin | | 1 | | 1 | | | |
CMC (Xylo-Mucine) | | | | | | 2 | 3 |
Prevented cryogen 0.5-2 part | BaCO
3 | 0.5 | | 1 | | 2 | | |
Borax | | 1 | | 1 | | | |
Polyethers | | | | | | 2 | 1 |
Fusing point conditioning agent 1-20 part | FeCl
2 | 6 | | | | | | |
Na
2HPO
4·12 H
2O
| | 18 | | | | | |
MgCl
2 | | | 2 | | | | |
Porous mineral material 10-100 part | Diatomite | 15 | | | 15 | | 15 | |
Float stone | | | | | | | 80 |
Expanded vermiculite | | 20 | 20 | | 20 | | |
To make constituent, phase change material and the weight part tabulation 2 thereof of microcapsule soak solution:
Embodiment weight part constituent | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Membrane-forming agent 10-20 part | Paraffin | 10 | 15 | 20 | | | | |
Macromolecular material | | | | 15 | 20 | | |
Rosin | | | | | | 10 | 20 |
Good solvent 80-90 part | No. 200 solvent oils | 80 | 85 | 90 | | | | |
Dimethylbenzene | | | | 85 | 90 | | |
Butanols | | | | | | 85 | 90 |
Poor solvent 90-110 part | Butanols | 90 | 100 | 110 | | | | |
Light hydrocarbon | | | | 100 | 110 | | |
No. 200 solvent oils | | | | | | 90 | 110 |
Phase change composite material 10-30 part | 10 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 10 | 20 |
Embodiment 1 (implementation column sequence, component, weight part proportioning number in the synopsis 1,2):
With 73 parts of CaCl26H2O and 0.3 part of HEC (Natvosol), add 0.5 part of BaCO3 and 1 part of FeCl2 mixing again, add in the reactor, be heated to than CaCl26H2O fusing point (29.7 ℃) and exceed 1-3 ℃ temperature, it is 31-33 ℃, make it melt to transparent liquid phase, 0.1-1 times of (attention is a multiple) the porous mineral material that adds above-mentioned three kinds of component total weight parts, be specially 15 weight part diatomite, stir, insulation absorption 4 hours is cooled to solid phase, blowing is crushed to the materials for later use that particle diameter is 0.1mm-20 μ m.And then carry out film and coat, but the sequence 1 in this synopsis 2, with 10 parts of paraffin, 80 parts of No. 200 solvent oils, paraffin is fused in heating, add 10 weight part phase change materials again, stir, drip 90 weight part butanols gradually, then olefin film can be coated on outside the phase change material, membranous wall is thick<15 μ m, filter, dry through precipitation, blowing again.The film cladding process also has fluidized-bed and spray-drying process, the polymerization precipitator method except that above-mentioned phase separation method, no longer make introductions all round.The better simply phase separation method of the application person's technology just for example.
Constituent in embodiment 2-7 synopsis 1, the table 2 and proportioning weight part thereof prepare with embodiment 1 same procedure.
4 points that have that need explanation: the one, whether add fusing point (being transformation temperature) conditioning agent in the phase change compositions, be to decide by application, the environment of the phase change material of making, the fusing point that the phase change material of forming as same materials is used for interior wall coating requires to require differently with the fusing point that is used for the dress material fabric, needs to consider adjusting; Be both interior wall coating, it is also inequality etc. that the fusing point that is used for the room and is used for the high-temperature workshop requires.Selected good application places, object are made of the material of suitable fusing point, then needn't use the fusing point conditioning agent.The 2nd, employing that the fusing point conditioning agent has and inorganic hydrous salt phase transition materials chemistry structure inorganic salts of the same type as CaCl26H2O, are used FeCl2, and Na2SO410H2O is with Na2HPO412H2O etc., essential factor raw material suiting measures to different conditions in a word.The 3rd, the weight part ratio of mineral porous adsorbing material and phase change compositions (being equivalent to core) is that absorption property is strong by the decision of the absorption property of mineral porous adsorbing material, and phase change compositions can be added, otherwise adds less.The 4th, in carrying out microcapsule (film coating) technical finesse process, different membrane-forming agent (some data claims capsule body material, hydrophober, encapsulant) has supporting with it good solvent and poor solvent, with a kind of material might be a kind of good solvent of membrane-forming agent, but is the poor solvent of another kind of membrane-forming agent.As butanols and No. 200 solvent oils is respectively rosiny good solvent and poor solvent, can need careful the selection and discriminating in paraffin but antithesis.
The inorganic-phase variable composite material of membrane-coated porous adsorptive that makes with the present invention has that thermal conductivity is higher, crystal water is not volatile, stable performance, and the physical strength height, cracky not can more effectively solve advantages such as the leakage of inorganic hydrated salt and etching problem.