CN1893256A - Microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of permanent magnet generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The microcomputer controlled phase shift triggered voltage stabilizer for permanent magnet generator includes circuit of operational power supply, circuit for collecting three-phase voltage and frequency of motor, setting circuit for voltage regulation and feedback, circuit of single chip, and thyristor drive circuit etc. Using calculation function of single chip implements closed loop control of software, and turns on three-phase shift triggering pulse to trigger thyristor. Built in or configured in permanent magnet generator, voltage stabilizer outputs stable DC voltage. Self-starting mode is adopted in the invention. Thus, generator can output stable voltage without need of external voltage so as to prevent phenomena of no outputted voltage if no external DC voltage (for ex. in excitation type motor) from occurring. Advantages are: raised reliability, reduced maintenance work, good load characteristic, quick adjustment and high precision of output voltage.

Description

A kind of microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of permanent magnet generator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of generator voltage stabilizing output device, particularly relate to a kind of microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of permanent magnet generator.

Background technology

What the generation current machine was adopted is the alternating current generator of excitation-type, and its pressure regulation pattern is the magnetic flux φ that adopt to regulate a rotor-exciting winding three-phase voltage of realizing regulator generator output, its motor phase voltage E _E1With excitation winding magnetic flux φ pass be:

E _e1＝4.44NK _n1fφ (1)

In the formula, E _E1---the motor phase voltage; N---motor windings pound number; K _N1---motor windings coefficient f---frequency of kinetic potential; φ---excitation winding magnetic flux

By formula (1) as can be known, motor phase voltage E _E1Be directly proportional with excitation winding magnetic flux φ and rotating speed, along with the increase of motor speed, frequency f increases, in order to keep the phase voltage E of output _E1Constant, can only reduce the magnetic flux φ of excitation winding.And the magnetic flux of rotor is relevant with the exciting current of rotor, and its relation is as follows

$\mathrm{\φ}=N*\frac{I}{R}*S---\left(2\right)$

In the formula, φ---excitation winding magnetic flux; N---motor windings pound number; I---exciting current; The resistance of R---motor windings; The effective cross section of S-magnetic circuit is long-pending

By formula (2) as can be known, the magnetic flux φ of excitation winding is directly proportional with the electric current of excitation winding, therefore regulates the voltage stabilizing output that exciting current just can be realized phase voltage, and it realizes circuit theory as shown in Figure 1.

The basic circuit of electronic voltage controller is made up of signal monitoring circuit, signal amplification and control circuit, power amplification circuit and protective circuit four parts.Its operation principle is as follows:

Resistance R ₁And R ₂Voltage-stabiliser tube VS constitutes signal monitoring circuit, resistance R ₁, R ₂Be connected between alternating current generator lead-out terminal " B " and the bonding terminal " E ", constitute voltage divider, directly monitor the variation of generator output voltage U.R ₁On dividing potential drop:

$U_{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20061007903600152.png,A20061007903600161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_1}=\frac{R_1}{R_1+R_2}U$

This shows, when generator voltage U raises, divider resistance R ₁On partial pressure value U _R1Raise, otherwise, when generator voltage U descends, partial pressure value U _R1Descend.Voltage stabilizing didoe VS one end connects triode VT ₁Base stage, the other end is connected on divider resistance R ₁, R ₂Between, VS and triode VT ₁Emitter series connection after again with divider resistance R ₁Parallel connection, thereby the variation of monitoring generator voltage, and control triode VT ₁Conducting with end.Triode VT ₁Constitute signal with resistance and amplify and control circuit, its effect is after the signal that electric voltage observation circuit is imported is carried out processing and amplifying, power controlling triode VT ₂Conducting with end.Resistance is triode VT ₁Load resistance, be again pliotron VT ₂Biasing resistance.Triode VT ₁Be low-power transistor, be connected on large power triode VT ₂Previous stage, play the power amplification effect, be also referred to as preamplifying circuit.Pliotron VT ₂Usually adopt the Darlington triode to constitute power amplification circuit, VT ₂Be the type large power triode, be connected between excitation winding and the bonding end that this is the distinguishing feature of external earth type adjuster.The resistance of excitation winding is VT ₂Load resistance.VT ₂During conducting, field circuit is connected, and exciting current is arranged; VT ₂When ending, exciting current is cut off.Therefore, the conducting by the control triode with end, just can change exciting current generator output voltage is stablized.Fly-wheel diode VD constitutes protective circuit, and its function is to prevent that the self induction electromotive force that excitation winding produces from puncturing triode and causing damage.

The electrical adjustment apparatus of the alternating current machine of excitation-type is that the magnetic flux of regulating rotor is realized, so must load onto slip ring on the rotor of the alternating current machine of excitation-type, and is excessive by the sliding contact conduct of carbon brush, could realize the connection of rotor circuit and external power.So wear and tear gradually owing to the on-stream meeting of carbon brush, the variation of spring pressure or install bad reliability that can influence contact, increased the workload of safeguarding and keeping in repair, the AC motor rotor excitation of excitation-type need be from externally fed, therefore do not having under the situation of external power source, motor can't generate electricity, excitation winding itself is inevitably wanted loss of energy simultaneously, thereby reduced efficiency of motor, when on automobile, using, the electric current that needs storage battery to provide drives excitation winding and produces magnetic field, has so just taken the portion of energy of storage battery, and will shorten the life-span of storage battery.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem that excitation regulator mechanical wear is big in the prior art, maintenance is inconvenient, electric efficiency is low, a kind of microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of permanent magnet generator is provided.

For achieving the above object, the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of permanent magnet generator, comprise working power circuit, motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit, voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit, single chip circuit and controllable silicon drive circuit, it is characterized in that: described motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit input end loads the X of three phase electric machine, the line voltage of Z two-phase, and output offers singlechip interruption pin in the single chip circuit with square-wave signal; The input of described voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit receives the Voltage Feedback of three-phase half controlled bridge formula rectification circuit output end in the permanent magnet generator, and output connects the single-chip simulation signals collecting pin in the single chip circuit; Described single chip circuit is exported the triggering pilot angle pulse of three-phase, and offers the input of controllable silicon drive circuit; Thereby the output of described controllable silicon drive circuit obtains voltage stabilizing output as pulse control output control three-phase half controlled bridge formula rectification circuit.

In the technique scheme, comprise computing in the described single chip circuit and regulate obtaining silicon controlled control trigger angle, the single-chip microcomputer of the triggering pilot angle of three-phase voltage is set according to the phase difference of three-phase circuit again.

In the technique scheme, described working power circuit is not need applied voltage just can rotate the independently three phase rectifier power supply circuits that the back oneself starts at motor, and this circuit provides working power for described motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit, voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit, single chip circuit.

In the technique scheme, described motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit is the synchronized sampling circuit that adopts synchrotrans and comparator to constitute, and this circuit is used for realizing measuring the function of electric moter voltage frequency.

In the technique scheme, described controllable silicon drive circuit adopts transistor amplifier, be connected in this circuit prevent controllable silicon false triggering conducting remove lotus root electric capacity.

In the technique scheme, described working power circuit comprises current rectifying and wave filtering circuit and the DC-DC transfer circuit that connects successively, the input of described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit inserts three-phase voltage X, Y, the Z of permanent magnet generator, and described DC-DC transfer circuit output is as the direct voltage of working power.

In the technique scheme, described voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit adopt resistor voltage divider circuit.

In the technique scheme, described single chip circuit adopt PHILIP integrated, the little encapsulation low-power consumption of height single-chip microcomputer P89LPC925 chip (as shown in Figure 7), and frequency collection, the output voltage feedback of utilizing scm software to carry out the motor three-phase voltage are gathered the computing at PI (proportional integral) closed-loop control, Pulse-trigger control angle.

The invention has the advantages that: adopted the Single-chip Controlling phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus to replace the excitation regulator of excitation-type alternating current generator, make generator can save flimsy excitation winding, carbon brush and slip ring, thereby improved the reliability of generator, reduce maintenance work, and removed from and produced required exciting power loss and the carbon brush in rotor field, the mechanical loss that rubs between the slip ring, thus the mechanical energy that has improved generator is converted to the efficient of electromagnetic energy; Therefore the present invention has adopted the self-starting mode, and generator does not need applied voltage just can export stable voltage, can avoid the motor of excitation-type can't send out the phenomenon of output voltage under the galvanic situation that does not add.It is good that the present invention also has load characteristic, and the voltage adjustment is fast, the output accuracy advantages of higher of voltage.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the electronic voltage controller basic circuit diagram of excitation-type alternating current generator in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is a car permanent magneto output voltage stabilizing rectifying device circuit diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a thyristor operating angle control principle oscillogram among the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the working power circuit of one embodiment of the present of invention;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the motor phase voltage frequency collection circuit of one embodiment of the present of invention;

Fig. 6 is the voltage stabilizing of one embodiment of the present of invention and the schematic diagram of feedback initialization circuit;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the single chip circuit of one embodiment of the present of invention;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the controllable silicon drive circuit of one embodiment of the present of invention;

Fig. 9 is the single-chip microcomputer main program flow schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention;

Figure 10 is the singlechip interruption control flow schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention;

Figure 11 is a module diagram of the present invention.

Embodiment

Because the rotor of permanent magnet generator is the material that adopts permanent magnet, the magnetic flux φ of rotor is constant, according to formula (1) as can be known, and the phase voltage E of its motor output _E1Be directly proportional with the frequency (being rotating speed) of phase voltage, therefore along with the increase of motor speed, motor phase voltage E _E1Also along with increase, for the output constant DC voltage of realizing permanent magnet generator, the present invention has adopted the rectification of three-phase half controlled bridge formula, its silicon controlled conducting has been adopted the system controlled by computer phase shift to trigger the arteries and veins module in proper order and has been realized what rectifying and voltage-stabilizing was exported, the rectifying and voltage-stabilizing output-controlling device as shown in Figure 2, three controllable silicon power tubes are for being total to the connection of anode, the connection of three rectification diodes is the common cathode connection, because 120 ° of mutual deviations (2 π/3) between the phase voltage of permanent magnet generator output, also be 120 ° of mutual deviations (2 π/3) between three silicon controlled trigger impulses then, its control conducting principle is achieved in that

Owing to adopted negative half-wave control conducting, calculate X for convenience and adopted ω t=0 to begin to calculate mutually from negative half-wave, waveform is now supposed to exist as shown in Figure 3 $\mathrm{\&omega;t}=\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}+\mathrm{\&alpha;}$ The place gives start pulse signal U of controllable silicon T1 of X phase _T1, controllable silicon T1 pipe conducting this moment, the Z commutating phase pipe D3 conducting that must be is because the current potential of Z phase is the highest at this moment, so U _ZxAppear in the load load current (i ₀) by D3 and the circulation of T1 pipe, until $\mathrm{\&omega;t}=\frac{7\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}$ The time till, this moment U _Zx=0, the T1 pipe has added reverse voltage later, and this moment, the conducting of T1 pipe ended. $\mathrm{\&omega;t}=\frac{5\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}+\mathrm{\&alpha;}$ The place gives start pulse signal U of controllable silicon T2 of Y phase _T2, controllable silicon T2 pipe conducting this moment, so the rectifier diode D1 conducting of X phase simultaneously is U _XyVoltage is loaded in the load, load current (i ₀) by D1 and the circulation of T2 pipe, until $\mathrm{\&omega;t}=\frac{11\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}$ The time till, this moment U _Xy=0, the T2 pipe has added reverse voltage later, and this moment, the conducting of T2 pipe ended. $\mathrm{\&omega;t}=\frac{9\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}+\mathrm{\&alpha;}$ The place gives start pulse signal U of controllable silicon T3 of Z phase _T3, controllable silicon T3 pipe conducting this moment, so the rectifier diode D2 conducting of X phase simultaneously is U _YzVoltage is loaded in the load, load current (i ₀) by D2 and the circulation of T3 pipe, until $\mathrm{\&omega;t}=\frac{15\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}$ The time till, this moment U _Yz=0, the T3 pipe has added reverse voltage later, and this moment, the conducting of T3 pipe ended.Work as trigger angle $\mathrm{\&alpha;}\&le;\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{3}$ The time, each silicon controlled angle of flow is

Be equivalent to use three phase full wave rectification, when the angle of flow during periodically according to as above conducting, the U of the waveform of its output such as accompanying drawing 3 _oShown in.

Can calculate the effective value and the mean value of its rectifying and voltage-stabilizing device output voltage according to process as above, the phase voltage of three-phase alternating-current supply is expressed as

u _x＝U _msinωt

u _y＝U _msin(ωt-2π/3)

u _z=U _mSin (ω t+2 π/3) line voltage so is

$u_{\mathrm{zx}}=u_z-u_x=\sqrt{3}{U}_m\sin (\mathrm{\&omega;t}-\mathrm{\&pi;}/6)$

$u_{\mathrm{xy}}=u_x-u_y=\sqrt{3}{U}_m\sin (\mathrm{\&omega;t}-5\mathrm{\&pi;}/6)$

$u_{\mathrm{yz}}=u_y-u_z=\sqrt{3}{U}_m\sin (\mathrm{\&omega;t}+\mathrm{\&pi;}/2)$

For α 〉=π/3, average value of output voltage and effective value are respectively

$U_0=\frac{3}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}_{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}+\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{\frac{7\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}}\sqrt{3}{U}_m\sin (\mathrm{\&omega;t}-\mathrm{\&pi;}/6)d\left(\mathrm{\&omega;t}\right)$

$=\frac{3\sqrt{3}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U\; m"\; filenames="A20061007903600141.png,A20061007903600152.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_m}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}(1+\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})$

$U=\sqrt{3}{U}_m{\left[\frac{3}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}(\mathrm{\&pi;}-a+\frac{1}{2}\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;})\right]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

For α≤π/3, average value of output voltage and effective value are respectively

$U_0=\frac{3}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\&Integral;}_{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}+\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{\frac{5\mathrm{\&pi;}}{6}}\sqrt{3}{U}_m\sin (\mathrm{\&omega;t}-\mathrm{\&pi;}/6)d\left(\mathrm{\&omega;t}\right)$

$=\frac{3\sqrt{3}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U\; m"\; filenames="A20061007903600141.png,A20061007903600152.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_m}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}(1+\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})$

$U=\sqrt{3}{U}_m{\left[\frac{3}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}(\mathrm{\&pi;}-a+\frac{1}{2}\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;})\right]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

Two relatively above result as can be known, in 0≤α≤π scope, the computing formula of controlled rectification output voltage is the same, therefore in order to obtain a constant voltage output, just must obtain a conducting pilot angle α that can follow load variations and regulate, in order to realize such pilot angle α, the present invention has adopted the pi regulator of being realized by Single-chip Controlling (PI is a proportional integral) to carry out closed-loop control, control mode has adopted the pi regulator of increment type, and its control principle is as follows:

u _n+1＝u _n+Δu _n

Δu _n＝u _n-u _n-1＝kp(e _n-e _n-1)+kie _n

e _n＝U _k-u _n

U in the formula _N+1---the voltage that the next cycle will export; u _n---the feedback voltage in this cycle;

u _N-1---the feedback voltage in last cycle;

Δ u _n---the voltage error in this cycle and last cycle; Kp---proportionality coefficient;

Ki---integral coefficient; U _k---the output setup parameter.

e _n---this cycle feedback voltage u _nWith setting voltage U _kError;

e _N-1---go up one-period feedback voltage u _N-1With setting voltage U _kError;

The computing formula at Pulse-trigger control angle is:

$u_{n+1}=\sqrt{3}{U}_m{\left[\frac{3}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}(\mathrm{\&pi;}-a+\frac{1}{2}\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;})\right]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$

U in the formula _N+1---the voltage that next cycle of being calculated by pi regulator will export

U _m---the peak value of the phase voltage of motor three-phase voltage.

α---be the Pulse-trigger control angle.

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done to describe further.

Embodiment 1

The circuit of present embodiment is achieved in that

The circuit that the system controlled by computer phase-shift pulse triggers Voltage stabilizing module comprises working power circuit, motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit, voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit, single chip circuit and controllable silicon drive circuit.The function of its each several part circuit and circuit theory are to realize like this.

Working power circuit, its major function trigger Voltage stabilizing module for the system controlled by computer phase-shift pulse provides high accuracy stable 3.3V power supply.This working power circuit has adopted wide-range voltage input (the DC-DC modular converter LM1575 of 4.75V～60V); the permanent magnet generator that is adapted to different voltage output levels is (as 14V; 28V; 36V etc.); the realization of its circuit as shown in Figure 4; magneto three-phase voltage X; Y; after the full-wave rectification of Z process diode; through current-limiting resistance R6; being input to DC-DC modular converter LM1575 after electric capacity E2 and C2 carry out power filter carries out the DC-DC conversion and obtains needed voltage VCC (3.3V/300mA); wherein ZW2 is the output pin of voltage-stabiliser tube protection LM1575; L1 is a DC-DC conversion inductance, and its inductance value is 100uH.Be connected to filter capacitor E3 and C3 in this circuit.

Motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit, its major function are to measure motor three-phase voltage frequency so that single-chip microcomputer calculates conducting pilot angle α and provides the reference time for sending the phase shift trigger impulse.Because the frequency of line voltage is identical with the frequency of phase voltage, so this circuit adopts line voltage u _ZxFrequency is measured as the frequency of motor phase voltage, and because the turn on process of control trigger angle α, it is exactly the turn on process at 0～π of line voltage, therefore the reference time that provides that sends the phase shift trigger impulse also is provided this frequency, the realization of its circuit as shown in Figure 5, this circuit has adopted simultaneous techniques to obtain the frequency of line voltage, and the miniature synchrotrans B1 that this circuit adopted 1: 1 obtains line voltage u _ZxSynchronous waveform, carry out the positive half wave that halfwave rectifier obtains line voltage through diode D4 then, after process divider resistance R1 and R3 carry out dividing potential drop again, carry out zero balancing by comparator AD8611 and obtained pulse square wave with line voltage same frequency, at last the pulse square wave is delivered on the interruption introduction pin/INT0 of single-chip microcomputer, carried out the measurement of frequency.Wherein ZW1 can not be too high in order to avoid damage more intense AD8611 for the voltage of protection input.

Voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit, major function is obtained the output value of feedback of the value of output voltage as pi regulator, so that calculate conducting pilot angle α, the realization of circuit as shown in Figure 6, output voltage B is through the dividing potential drop of divider resistance R7 and R8, the AD analog-to-digital conversion pin AD10 that partial pressure value is delivered to single-chip microcomputer carries out voltage acquisition then, and can be different according to the partial pressure value of divider resistance R7 and R8, sets different voltage stabilizing output.Be connected to filter capacitor E1 and C4 in this circuit; make the voltage ratio that is input to single-chip microcomputer more steady; pi regulator can frequently not regulated; so that it is bigger to regulate the voltage fluctuation of coming out; ZW3 is the voltage-stabiliser tube of 3v; mainly be the pin input of protection single-chip microcomputer, R9 adjusts the precision of output feedback for adjusting resistance.

Single chip circuit, its main function has the frequency of calculating three-phase voltage, timer is set, carries out PI adjustings, calculation control angle of flow α, transmission three-phase phase shift trigger impulse and trigger pulse width is set, the software flow pattern of single-chip microcomputer is shown in accompanying drawing 9 and accompanying drawing 10, the realization of single chip circuit as shown in Figure 7, adopted the height of PHILIP integrated at this single chip circuit, little encapsulation low-power consumption single-chip microcomputer P89LPC925 chip, AD passage that the flash of inner integrated 8k and 4 inputs are 8 and 2 16 timer conter.Instruction cycle carries out short, only needs 2 to 4 cycles, has adopted the crystal oscillator of 12MHZ in this circuit, thus its minimum instruction cycle be about 166ns, fast 6 times than 8051 general single-chip microcomputers.And have the function of debugging and downloading down, and make things convenient for the upgrading and the debugging of software, low in energy consumption, encapsulate for a short time, install and be embedded in the motor.Wherein N4 is the electrification reset chip of single-chip microcomputer, and N3 is the RS232 conversion chip, uses for single-chip microcomputer provides debugging and online updating program.

Controllable silicon drive circuit, its major function are the silicon controlled conductings that drives in the rectification of three-phase half controlled bridge formula.This circuit has adopted triode to drive silicon controlled, the realization of its circuit as shown in Figure 8, supply voltage VCC set up prior to single-chip microcomputer when its course of work was just started at motor, and single-chip microcomputer pin P1.2, P1.6, mostly P1.7 is high level before and after electrification reset, therefore triode conducting, electric current begins to flow to current-limiting resistance R10 from permanent magnet generator rectification output B, R11, R12 and diode D11, D12, arrive the silicon controlled gate pole behind the D13, the controllable silicon conducting that makes, begin external output voltage, after the single-chip microcomputer startup finishes, entered the PI adjusting, adopt the pin P1.2 of single-chip microcomputer, P1.6, P1.7 carries out silicon controlled conducting control, when output voltage has surpassed the voltage of setting, P1.2, P1.6, voltage on the P1.7 is the zero not conducting of triode that makes, electric current cannot go to trigger the controllable silicon conducting by triode, therefore single-chip microcomputer is by being provided with P1.2, P1.6, the P1.7 high-low level is controlled the silicon controlled conducting, coupling capacitance C14 in the circuit, C15, C16 be false triggering when preventing that controllable silicon from turn-offing the controllable silicon conducting and set, in the present embodiment, drive the voltage stabilizing output B that the silicon controlled working power has adopted permanent magnet generator.

With reference to the accompanying drawings 2, present embodiment is applied to the car permanent magneto stable-pressure device figure of 28V/55A, it in the accompanying drawing 2 the external winding diagram of microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus, wherein frame of broken lines is outward the external live part of motor, it in the frame of broken lines part that is installed in the motor, in the solid box is microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the present invention, X wherein, Y, Z is the three-phase voltage of generator, CTRL_X, CTRL_Y, CTRL_Z is a three-phase pulse control triggering signal, the output voltage of B rectifying and voltage-stabilizing, D are charging indicator light, W is the output of three phase electric machine rotating speed.

The microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of present embodiment is made of sample circuit, voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit, single chip circuit and the controllable silicon drive circuit of working power circuit, motor three-phase waveform frequency.The output accuracy of voltage is 28V ± 0.5V.

With reference to the accompanying drawings 4, the working power of this example is to have adopted the LM1575 power module to carry out the DC-DC conversion, the conversion inductance L 1 of DC-DC has adopted 100uH magnetic bead inductance, other parameter as shown in Figure 4, working power adopted the advantage of switching voltage be the scope of voltage of its input relatively than broad, the scope of the input power supply of present embodiment is 7V～40V, and the ratio of precision of output is higher, the output accuracy of present embodiment is 3.3V ± 1%, the electric current position 300mA of output.Just be suitable for the bigger situation of change in voltage of automobile permanent magnet motor.

Join the attached Fig. 5 that examines, the sample circuit of the motor three-phase waveform frequency of present embodiment has utilized simultaneous techniques to obtain the frequency of motor three-phase voltage waveform, and the B1 of this example adopted 1: 1, and power is that the miniature synchrotrans of 100mW obtain line synchro voltage u _ZxAnd adopted low-power consumption, and the comparator AD8611 of wide region work, input voltage range is 0～8V.It is output as the square-wave signal that 50% of 3.3V accounts for Bob, and its frequency is to follow the frequency change of line voltage and change, and other parameter as shown in Figure 5.

Join the attached Fig. 7 that examines, the single chip circuit of this example is the single-chip microcomputer P89LPC925 that has adopted PHILIPS, has adopted the crystal oscillator of outside 12MHz, and its single command cycle is 166ns, and the scope of its measuring frequency is 0～5KHz, and the frequency error of its measurement is ± 2%.Reset circuit has adopted the MIC6315-31 chip electrification reset that resets, and other parameters are as shown in Figure 7.Be provided with the electric voltage over press action and be 32V ± 0.5V in single-chip microcomputer, the trigger pulse width that single-chip microcomputer sends is that 100us is to guarantee that silicon controlled reliably triggers.

With reference to the accompanying drawings 8, the scr promoter circuit of this example has adopted triode 2SC1815 to drive silicon controlled, and the silicon controlled drive current is restricted to about 200mA.And be provided with coupling capacitance C14, C15, C16 prevents controllable silicon false triggering conducting, its capacitance is 1uF, other parameters as shown in Figure 8.

With reference to the accompanying drawings 9, the single-chip microcomputer main program flow chart of this example has adopted the program of C language compilation, and its course of work is: in motor entry into service generating be, after single-chip microcomputer obtains power supply, the variable and the register of beginning electrification reset initialization inside.From interrupt service routine, read the frequency and the cycle of electric moter voltage then, time that goes out each timer according to frequency and computation of Period, and according to time of timer, go to carry out that PI regulates, the calculating of pilot angle, send three-phase pulse.Wherein the parameter of pi regulator is kp=0.32, ki=0.24, the U in the formula of calculation control angle _m=1.4un, the trigger sequence of pulse are the transmission pulse timing that is sent the X phase by IE, and X sends timing mutually to the transmission pulse timing that starts transmission Y phase, and sends the X pulse; Y sends timing mutually to the transmission pulse timing that starts transmission Z phase, and sends the pulse of Y phase; Z sends timing mutually to sending the pulse of Z phase.

With reference to the accompanying drawings 10, the singlechip interruption service routine of this example is by external interrupt service routine and interrupt service routine regularly, and the external service interrupt routine mainly is a frequency of gathering and calculate electric moter voltage, and counter has been adopted in the calculating of its frequency, and formula is:

The count value of electric moter voltage cycle=this interruption-preceding count value of once interrupting

Another major function of external interrupt is to start X and send pulsed timer mutually.Provide reference point for sending three-phase pulse, it mainly is the timing that each several part was set according to frequency and cycle that timing services is interrupted.

The system controlled by computer phase shift trigger impulse of present embodiment has adopted Single-chip Controlling, so circuit is simple for structure, and the occupation space size is smaller, in the motor that is fit to install.Adopted the pi regulator of software, so the load characteristic of output voltage is good, adjusts soon, and the voltage lasting accuracy height of output, be 28 ± 2%, rated current is 55A.Be suitable for the higher permanent magnet generator of rotating ratio, the maximum speed in this enforcement can reach 6000 rev/mins, has adopted the single-chip microcomputer of the low-power consumption of PHIlIPS.The power consumption of its entire circuit is less than 100mA, so caloric value is low, is applicable in the automobile of output 28V electrical system to use, and does not have at storage battery under the situation of electricity and utilize the car of sauntering can realize that sparking starts.

Embodiment 2

Use among the small-size wind power-generating embodiment of the present invention at another kind, based on embodiment 1 described microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus, wind energy is converted to the alternating current of three-phase by permanent-magnetic wind driven generator, exporting through apparatus of the present invention rectifying and voltage-stabilizing, pass through the inverter inversion again, just can realize wind energy is converted to electric energy.

The wind-driven generator that the utilization present embodiment is produced can be that the conversion efficiency of wind energy and electric energy generally can be increased to 10%.

It should be noted last that: above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: parts of the present invention are equal to replacement, and not breaking away from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of permanent magnet generator, comprise working power circuit, motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit, voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit, single chip circuit and controllable silicon drive circuit, it is characterized in that: the input of described motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit loads the X of three phase electric machine, the line voltage of Z two-phase, and output offers singlechip interruption pin in the single chip circuit with square-wave signal; The input of described voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit receives the Voltage Feedback of three-phase half controlled bridge formula rectification circuit output end in the permanent magnet generator, and output connects the single-chip simulation signals collecting pin in the single chip circuit; The triggering pilot angle pulse of described single chip circuit output three-phase, this triggering pilot angle pulse offers the input of controllable silicon drive circuit; Thereby the output of described controllable silicon drive circuit obtains voltage stabilizing output as pulse control output control three-phase half controlled bridge formula rectification circuit.

2, press the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the described permanent magnet generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise in the described single chip circuit that one is used for computing and regulates obtaining silicon controlled control trigger angle, the single-chip microcomputer of the triggering pilot angle of three-phase voltage is set according to the phase difference of three-phase circuit again.

3, press the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the described permanent magnet generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described working power circuit is the independently three phase rectifier power supply circuits that do not need applied voltage, start motor rotation back oneself, and these three phase rectifier power supply circuits provide working power for described motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit, voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit and single chip circuit.

4, by the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the described permanent magnet generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described motor three-phase voltage frequency collection circuit is the synchronized sampling circuit that adopts synchrotrans and comparator to constitute.

5, by the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the described permanent magnet generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described controllable silicon drive circuit adopts transistor amplifier, be connected in this circuit prevent controllable silicon false triggering conducting remove lotus root electric capacity.

6, press the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the described permanent magnet generator of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described working power circuit comprises current rectifying and wave filtering circuit and the DC-DC transfer circuit that connects successively, the input of described current rectifying and wave filtering circuit inserts three-phase voltage X, Y, the Z of permanent magnet generator, and described DC-DC transfer circuit output is as the direct voltage of working power.

7, by the microcomputer-controlled phase-shift pulse triggering voltage-stabilizing apparatus of the described permanent magnet generator of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described voltage stabilizing and feedback initialization circuit adopt resistor voltage divider circuit.

Images