CN1892107A - Device and method for combustion of fuel - Google Patents
Device and method for combustion of fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1892107A CN1892107A CN 200610094125 CN200610094125A CN1892107A CN 1892107 A CN1892107 A CN 1892107A CN 200610094125 CN200610094125 CN 200610094125 CN 200610094125 A CN200610094125 A CN 200610094125A CN 1892107 A CN1892107 A CN 1892107A
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Abstract
One kind of fuel selected from powder fuel and liquid fuel is injected from a fuel injection means, primary air is jetted from primary air jetting means provided outside and inside the fuel injection means so as to form outer and inner straight-going primary air flows on both sides of the injected fuel flow inside, and the injected fuel flow is combusted. When powder fuel is used, when required, liquid fuel is atomized and mixed with the primary air flows, and the powder fuel and the liquid fuel are combusted mixedly.
Description
The application is that applicant's application number is the dividing an application for the application of " fuel combustion appliance and method " that 97193374.X, the applying date be on December 25th, 1997, denomination of invention.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment and method that at least a fuel that is selected from pulverized fuel and liquid fuel is burnt.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind ofly for example can be used for producing clinker, equipment and method that a kind of pulverized fuel or a kind of liquid fuel or a kind of pulverized fuel and a kind of liquid fuel are burnt, described pulverized fuel for example is a kind of powdered fuel such as fine breeze or coke blacking and a kind of flammable waste material such as molding powder of containing, the rubbish powder, the pulverized fuel of wood chip and husk, described liquid fuel for example are a kind of liquid fuel such as heavy oil or waste oil and a kind of thin pulp fuel that contains flammable powder such as coal dust or coke blacking.
Background technology
When a kind of pulverized fuel such as fine breeze burn, can use as Japan's unexamined patent and announce the cylinder type combustion apparatus that disclosed fine breeze is used among the No.57-35368.In this combustion apparatus, the primary air spray-hole is arranged in the core of equipment in a plurality of, in the fine breeze spray-hole that a plurality of (4 to 8) are used to spray the AIR MIXTURES of fine breeze and pulverized coal conveying is arranged in the primary air spray-hole around and spaced-apart with dividing plate, also have an outer circumferential primary air spray slits with ring section profile be arranged on the fine breeze spray-hole around.In this equipment, fine breeze sprays by spaced-apart spray-hole with the form of 4 to 8 bursts of injection streams, and primary air direct projection stream and the injection in such a way of an annular primary air direct projection stream in the multiply makes the fine breeze injection stream between interior primary air injection stream and annular primary air injection stream.Because the flow velocity of fine breeze injection stream is lower than inside and outside primary air direct projection stream, fine breeze is dispelled far so the fine breeze injection stream is subjected to the acceleration of inside and outside primary air direct projection stream.Between above-mentioned injection period, the high temperature secondary air is introduced this combustion chamber from the product cooling device that is arranged on the downstream, combustion chamber, by the gap of outer primary air direct projection stream, enters the inside of outer primary air direct projection stream, and be inhaled into and diffuse into the fine breeze injection stream, thereby make the fine breeze burning.
Simultaneously, announce No.2-22 as the patent that Japan has examined, the disclosed burner that is used to make the fine particle solid fuel combustion in 289, being provided with a plurality of circularizing is arranged in the burner core also by the spaced-apart interior primary air spray-hole of dividing plate, a plurality of circularizing is arranged in interior primary air spray-hole fine particle solid fuel/conveying air jet hole on every side, and circularizes the outer primary air spray-hole that form forms around above-mentioned fine particle solid fuel/conveying air jet hole.In this burner, fine particle solid fuel is differed from one another in the flow resistance of spray end surface, and that the distribution density of fine particle solid fuel form is inhomogeneous, improve burning velocity thus and form a short flame.
At pulverized powder fuel and primary air and make the high temperature secondary air sneak into the pulverized fuel of injection and primary air flows so that the occasion of pulverized fuel burning, usually, the burning of pulverized fuel realizes by primary air total amount and a certain amount of auxiliary air, a certain amount of poor corresponding to theoretical combustion air and primary air total amount of this of auxiliary air.In this case, the temperature of primary air is 60 ℃ to 80 ℃, and the temperature of auxiliary air is 800 to 1000 ℃.Therefore, the quality of burning depends on primary air than (expression primary air total amount is to the ratio of theoretical combustion air), and primary air is lower than more, and it is good more to burn.
But, when reducing the primary air ratio with the promotion burning, therefore the flowing velocity of primary air injection stream reduces, the ignition mixture that is mixed into of auxiliary air becomes insufficient, so above-mentioned reduction produces a shortcoming, the burning velocity that is exactly pulverized fuel reduces, and ignition temperature reduces, and produces the imperfect combustion of fine breeze.For this reason, in the method for the conventional equipment that makes pulverized fuel burning usefulness, it is about 20% to 25% that the primary air ratio is generally, and in fact is difficult to use the primary air ratio that is lower than above-mentioned level.
Simultaneously, in the conventional equipment and method that make the pulverized fuel burning, can spray direct projection by primary air in controlling and flow the position of recently adjusting burning-point to a certain extent that internal primary air sprays the flow velocity of diverted flow.But in practice, the above-mentioned control of a burner is difficult.The design of primary air direct projection stream spray-hole and interior primary air diverted flow spray-hole in must changing according to the performance of rotary kiln.Simultaneously, in this case, when interior direct projection air stream was too strong, the combustion flame of generation was the long flame form of narrow angular, and ignition temperature is insufficient.Simultaneously, when interior primary air diverted gas flow was too strong, the combustion flame of generation was wide-angle short flame form.In this case, though the ignition temperature height, the angle of flame is too wide, so the furnace wall is subjected to big damage, and under worst case, the furnace wall is damaged.
Simultaneously, when using liquid fuel, in the equipment that is used for combustion of liquid fuel and the method that liquid fuel are sprayed in the combustion furnace, the liquid fuel of injection mixes with primary air and mixes with the high temperature secondary air and burns.In this case, the burning of combustible is to carry out according to the primary air total amount and the auxiliary air amount of mixing with liquid fuel in the liquid fuel, and this auxiliary air amount is poor corresponding to theoretical combustion air and primary air total amount.Usually, the temperature of primary air is 60 to 80 ℃ and the temperature of auxiliary air is 800 to 1000 ℃.Therefore, than changing, primary air is than the ratio of expression primary air total amount to theoretical combustion air with primary air for the quality of burning.Primary air is than more little, and the air themperature that is used to burn is just high more, the result, and ignition temperature improves and the ignition temperature rising, so produce the high-quality burning.
But, when making burning condition better, produce some unfavorable factors when the reduction of primary air amount, reduce as primary air injection stream speed, the mixing of auxiliary air becomes insufficient, and ignition temperature reduction and liquid fuel combustion are incomplete.For this reason, when in the equipment of the combustion of liquid fuel of routine and method, using C heavy oil to act as a fuel, the primary air ratio is controlled to about 12 to 15%.More above-mentioned when below horizontal than further being reduced to when primary air, the high-quality burning of liquid fuel just is difficult to realize.
In the equipment and method of the combustion of liquid fuel of routine, be difficult to spray into liquid fuel stream in the combustion furnace to recently adjusting the position of burning-point with the flowing velocity of its primary air injection stream that forms simultaneously by control.Therefore, the combustion flame that forms in combustion furnace becomes the long flame form of the not high enough narrow angular of ignition temperature, perhaps becomes the short flame form of wide angle, and wherein ignition temperature is enough high, and the flame expansion is too wide, so that the furnace wall is subjected to big damage.Under worst case, the furnace wall is damaged.
Secondly, under the occasion that pulverized fuel and liquid fuel use together, known equipment and the method that makes pulverized fuel and liquid fuel combustion that be useful on.In this equipment and method, pulverized fuel and liquid fuel spray with primary air, and further mix with the high temperature secondary air.In this case, usually, the burning of these fuel is entered ground according to the amount of primary air total amount and auxiliary air, the amount of this auxiliary air poor corresponding between theoretical combustion air and the primary air total amount.In this burning, the temperature of primary air is 60 to 80 ℃, and the temperature of auxiliary air is 800 to 1000 ℃, therefore the quality of burning depends on the primary air ratio and changes (primary air is than the ratio of expression primary air total amount to theoretical combustion air), and primary air is lower than more, and the air themperature that is used to burn is high more, the result, burning velocity increases, and ignition temperature uprises, and produces the burning of high-quality.
But, when primary air makes burning condition better than reducing, produce some unfavorable factors, reduce as injection stream speed, thereby the mixing of auxiliary air becomes insufficient, and pulverized fuel and fluid combustion speed are slack-off, and ignition temperature reduces and fuel combustion is insufficient.For this reason, in the equipment and method of the mixed combustion fuel of routine, it is about 20% to 25% that the primary air ratio is generally, and in fact is difficult to the primary air that reduces than realize mixed combustion under the ignition temperature of burning velocity that increases and increase.Simultaneously, in the mixed combustion equipment and method of routine, the flowing velocity of the interior primary air diverted flow that can form by primary air direct projection stream in controlling with direct projection stream is recently adjusted working position to a certain extent.Actually, above-mentioned control to a burner is difficult, the design of primary air direct projection stream spray-hole and interior primary air diverted flow spray-hole in therefore must changing according to the character of rotary kiln.In this case, when interior primary air direct projection rheology got too by force, the combustion flame of generation became the long flame form of narrow angular, and wherein ignition temperature is low scantily.When interior primary air diverted flow became too strong, the combustion flame of generation was the short flame of wide angle, the abundant height of ignition temperature and flame becomes too wide wherein, so the furnace wall is subjected to big damage.Under worst case, the furnace wall is damaged.
Combustion apparatus and method in view of above-mentioned various routines, need a kind of like this equipment and method consumingly, they can form a kind of short flame form of narrow angular, can utilize a kind of pulverized fuel or a kind of liquid fuel or utilize a kind of pulverized fuel, and can obtain the burning of high-quality and do not damage the furnace wall with a kind of liquid fuel ignition temperature that raises fully.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fuel combustion appliance and method, they can utilize for example a kind of pulverized fuel or a kind of liquid fuel or utilize a kind of pulverized fuel to form a kind of combustion flame with short flame form of narrow angular of fully high ignition temperature with a kind of liquid fuel, prevent or reduce the damage of furnace walls simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of equipment and method of fuel combustion, their a kind of fuel that can burn rapidly and efficiently, as a kind of pulverized fuel or a kind of liquid fuel or a kind of pulverized fuel and a kind of liquid fuel, and they can not make furnace walls too be heated.
Fuel combustion appliance of the present invention and method can be utilized a kind of fuel such as coal dust or coke blacking of cheapness, and the amount of the volatile ingredient that they contain is very little, therefore are considered to out of use.Simultaneously, fuel combustion appliance of the present invention and method not only can be utilized a kind of liquid fuel such as heavy oil, and can utilize the thin pulp of a kind of cheap fuel such as coal dust or coke blacking, thereby can reduce fuel cost.
Fuel combustion appliance of the present invention comprises: a mechanism that is used for spraying at least a from the selected fuel of pulverized fuel and liquid fuel; An outer primary air playpipe that is arranged on this fuel injection mechanism outside has a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes, sprays primary air abreast by the fuel injection direction of these holes and fuel injection mechanism; And an interior primary air playpipe that is arranged on this fuel injection mechanism inboard, have primary air spray-hole at least one, spray primary air abreast by the fuel injection direction of these holes and fuel injection mechanism.
Fuel combustion method of the present invention utilizes above-mentioned fuel combustion appliance of the present invention to implement, and comprises: spray at least one component selected from pulverized fuel and liquid fuel by this fuel injection mechanism; And by the outer interior primary air spray-hole edge direction injection primary air identical with fuel injection direction, thereby forming outer interior primary air injection stream, Jie has the fuel injection stream therebetween.
The operable above-mentioned fuel injection mechanism of equipment of the present invention and method can comprise a pulverized fuel playpipe with annular spray hole, by this hole with the air pulverized powder fuel that is used to carry pulverized fuel; Can comprise a plurality of liquid fuel playpipes with liquid fuel spray-hole, these holes are arranged on one and the same circumference, by these holes injecting LPG in liquefied condition radially, perhaps can comprise a pulverized fuel playpipe that an annular spray hole is arranged, by the air pulverized powder fuel of this hole with the conveying pulverized fuel, and additional fuel injection mechanism, comprise one be placed on the inboard of primary air playpipe and the liquid fuel playpipe of liquid fuel spray-hole arranged, by these holes injecting LPG in liquefied condition radially.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is an explanatory, is illustrated in the configuration of the combustion apparatus of the present invention that uses in the rotary kiln;
Fig. 2 is a kind of illustrative side view of heating furnace, and this heating furnace comprises an embodiment of combustion apparatus of the present invention, promptly a kind of pulverized fuel combustion apparatus;
Fig. 3 (A) is an illustrative side cross-sectional view, represents the formation of an embodiment of pulverized fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 (B) is the illustrative front view of equipment shown in Fig. 3 (A);
Fig. 4 is a kind of illustrative side view of heating furnace, and this heating furnace comprises another embodiment of combustion apparatus of the present invention, promptly a kind of liquid fuel combustion equipment;
Fig. 5 (A) is an illustrative side cross-sectional view, represents the formation of an embodiment of liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (B) is the illustrative front view of equipment shown in Fig. 5 (A);
Fig. 6 is a kind of illustrative side view of heating furnace, and this heating furnace comprises another embodiment of combustion apparatus of the present invention, promptly a kind of pulverized fuel and liquid fuel combustion equipment;
Fig. 7 (A) is an illustrative side cross-sectional view, represents the formation of an embodiment of the equipment of mixed combustion pulverized fuel of the present invention and liquid fuel.
Fig. 7 (B) is the illustrative front view of equipment among Fig. 7 (A).
Implement preferred plan of the present invention
Combustion apparatus of the present invention and combustion method are advantageously used in rotary kiln, are used to produce clinker, magnesia grog or lime.In the present invention, fuel is a kind of in pulverized fuel and the liquid fuel at least.
As shown in fig. 1, the exit portion of rotary kiln 1 is connected on the intake section of product cooling device 2, and fuel combustion appliance 3 inserts the exit portion of rotary kiln 1 and guides the intake section of rotary kiln into.The product of producing in rotary kiln 1 is introduced into product cooling system 2, by cooling air 4 coolings of introducing cooling device 2, and the high temperature air 5 that is produced by the heat exchange in the cooling system 2 is returned, and enters rotary kiln 1 and is used for combustion fuel as the intake section of second air by cooling device 2.
In the present invention, when using pulverized fuel to act as a fuel, the illustrative side view of a kind of embodiment of the heating furnace that comprises pulverized fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2.In Fig. 2, a kind of cylindrical shape pulverized fuel combustion apparatus 11 inserts heating furnace such as rotary kiln by furnace wall 12.Combustion apparatus 11 comprises: a pulverized fuel playpipe with annular spray hole, by the air pulverized powder fuel of this spray-hole with the conveying pulverized fuel; One have a plurality of in interior primary air playpipe and an outer primary air playpipe of primary air spray-holes with a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes, playpipe is respectively along the inner and outer circumferential surfaces setting of pulverized fuel playpipe inside and outside this.
In Fig. 2, in the end sections 13 of the pulverized fuel combustion apparatus 11 that is placed in the heating furnace outside, a pulverized fuel carrier pipe 14 is set, be used to carry pulverized fuel and fuel to carry Air mixing stream.Carrier pipe 14 is connected on the above-mentioned pulverized fuel playpipe.Simultaneously, in end sections 13, a primary air carrier pipe 15 is set.Carrier pipe 15 branches into outer primary air carrier pipe 16 and interior primary air carrier pipe 17, outer primary air carrier pipe 16 be connected on the outer primary air playpipe and interior primary air carrier pipe 17 be connected on the primary air playpipe.In the combustion apparatus of Fig. 2, two heavy oil that are used to light a fire or gas burner 18 are set at the core of equipment.
In the combustion apparatus of Fig. 2, one powder fuel stream 19 is by an annular spray hole ejection, primary air direct projection stream 20 sprays into the inside of annular powder fuel stream in the multiply, and the outer primary air direct projection stream of multiply is sprayed onto the outside of annular powder fuel stream, above-mentioned powder fuel stream and inside and outside air-flow are formed a kind of combined-flow, and high temperature secondary air stream 5 is sneaked into this compound air-flow, so that the fuel combustion of powder stream.
The combustion apparatus that is used for pulverized fuel of the present invention is characterised in that to have a pulverized fuel playpipe, an outer primary air playpipe and an interior primary air playpipe that is provided with along pulverized fuel playpipe inner peripheral surface that is provided with along pulverized fuel playpipe outer peripheral face; Described pulverized fuel playpipe has an annular spray hole, by the air pulverized powder fuel of this hole with the conveying pulverized fuel; Described outer primary air playpipe has a plurality of spray-holes, sprays primary air by these holes, and its injection direction is identical with the direction of passing through annular spray hole pulverized powder fuel; The primary air playpipe has a plurality of spray-holes in described, sprays primary air by these holes, and its injection direction is identical with the direction of passing through annular spray hole pulverized powder fuel.
Simultaneously, the combustion method of above-mentioned pulverized fuel combustion apparatus that utilizes of the present invention is characterised in that, pulverized fuel is to spray by above-mentioned annular spray hole with the air of carrying pulverized fuel, and primary air sprays by a plurality of inside and outside primary air spray-holes, its injection direction is identical with the direction of pulverized fuel injection stream, forming inside and outside primary air direct projection stream, is the pulverized fuel injection stream between the two.
The illustrative side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of pulverized fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention and illustrative front view are shown among Fig. 3 (A) and 3 (B).Fig. 3 (A) is the illustrative sectional view of the equipment shown in Fig. 3 (B) along sweep X-X '.
In Fig. 3 (A) and 3 (B), in outermost perisporium 22 inside of cylindrical shape combustion apparatus 11 primary air playpipe 23 outside is set, and in a pipe spray end of 23, form a plurality of, for example 6 to 16, best 8 to 14, outer primary air spray-hole 24.Outside on the inboard of primary air playpipe 23, a pulverized fuel playpipe 25 to be set with 23 one-tenth concentrically ringed relations of outer primary air playpipe, the AIR MIXTURES that is used for pulverized powder fuel and carries pulverized fuel, and in the end of pipe 25, form an annular pulverized fuel spray-hole 26.Secondly, on the inboard of pulverized fuel playpipe 25, an interior primary air playpipe 27 is set, and in a spray end of pipe 27, form a plurality of, for example 6 to 16, best 8 to 14 interior primary air spray-holes 28.
Above-mentioned annular pulverized fuel spray-hole 26, outer primary air spray-hole 24 and interior primary air spray-hole 28 are to form like this, make its injection direction mutually the same (or parallel to each other).Therefore, pulverized fuel sprays by annular pulverized fuel spray-hole 26 and forms one powder fuel stream with ring section profile 19, and primary air forms the outer primary air direct projection stream of multiply by a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes 24.These fuel streams and air-flow advance along the outer peripheral face of powder fuel stream 19.Simultaneously, primary air sprays by primary air spray-hole in a plurality of 28 and forms primary air direct projection stream in the multiply, and they advance along the inner peripheral surface with powder fuel stream of ring section.Therefore, powder fuel stream is accelerated thus and spreads between inside and outside primary air direct projection stream.The pulverized fuel of diffusion mixes with the high temperature secondary air of advancing by the gap that forms between the outer primary air direct projection stream, and burning.In this program, because outer primary air flows is to spray in a plurality of direct projection air-flows that separate at a high speed, so the auxiliary air of high temperature can be easily by should a plurality of outer primary air direct projections flowing, and can mix with powder fuel stream efficiently and form narrow angular and lack the combustion flame of flame form and produce high ignition temperature.And in this process of combustion, primary air direct projections stream was used to promote the diffusion of pulverized fuel effectively in these were a plurality of, generate simultaneously a high temperature that in combustion flame, forms in circulate, thereby the retention flame.
In the combustion apparatus that pulverized fuel of the present invention is used, internally form, size and the configuration of primary air spray-hole 28 and outer primary air spray-hole 24 are without limits.Preferably, the pitch diameter of outer primary air spray-hole 24 and interior primary air spray-hole 28 (P, C, D) is 300 to 800mm.
As shown in Fig. 3 (A) and 3 (B), best, the a plurality of interior primary air spray-hole 28 of a plurality of outer primary air spray-hole 24 of outer playpipe 23 and interior playpipe 27 is placed on two concentric circumferences, settle the annular pulverized fuel spray-hole 26 of playpipe 25 between two concentric circumferences, and the straight line that the position deviation of interior primary air spray-hole 28 extends by each outer primary air spray-hole 24 centers and concentric circles center.Simultaneously, best, the primary air spray-hole is placed between a pair of straight line 32 and 33 in each, and this a pair of straight line 32 and 33 extends through the center and the concentric circles center 31 of every pair of adjacent outer primary air spray-hole.The configuration of above-mentioned primary air spray-hole can produce air-swirl reliably on inside and outside two peripheries of annular pulverized fuel injection stream.Simultaneously, because inside and outside primary air flows is made up of many direct projection air-flows, so the air-swirl surface area is very big, thereby can obtain a kind of so favourable effect, promptly pulverized fuel can acutely burn efficiently.In the combustion apparatus of the invention described above, do not need the sort of in conventional combustion apparatus, think essential be used to form conventional in the mechanism of primary air diverted gas flow.Certainly, the mechanism of primary air diverted gas flow can randomly be additional on the combustion apparatus of the present invention in above-mentioned being used to form.
The combustion method that is used for pulverized fuel of the present invention uses pulverized fuel combustion apparatus of the present invention.The method is characterized in that, pulverized fuel is with being used to carry the air of pulverized fuel to spray by the annular spray hole, and primary air sprays by inside and outside primary air spray-hole, its injection direction is identical with the direction of pulverized fuel injection stream, forming inside and outside primary air direct projection stream, is the pulverized fuel injection stream between the two.
In the method for the invention, pulverized fuel carries air to spray by the annular spray hole with pulverized fuel, and primary air sprays by a plurality of outer interior primary air spray-holes, its injection direction is identical with the direction of pulverized fuel injection stream, forming outer interior primary air direct projection stream, is the pulverized fuel injection stream between the two.
In the method for the invention, without limits to the kind of pulverized fuel.Usually, use powdered fuel such as coal dust and coke blacking.In addition, also can use various waste materials, as flammable plastic resin powder, rubbish powder, wood waste (wood chip) and husk etc.
Method of the present invention is used for producing the rotary kiln of clinker, magnesia grog and lime very effectively.In this case, the high temperature secondary air is sent into rotary kiln by a product cooling device that is placed in the rotary kiln downstream.This high temperature secondary air is sneaked in the combined-flow of being made up of outer primary air direct projection stream, the powder fuel stream with ring section and interior primary air direct projection stream, and pulverized fuel can burn efficiently.
In the method for use pulverized fuel of the present invention, the jet velocity of pulverized fuel by the annular spray hole is 30 to 50m/sec, be preferably 35 to 45m/sec, the jet velocity of primary air flows by spray-hole in outer is 200 to 300m/sec in simultaneously outer, be preferably 250 to 300m/sec, and the primary air jet velocity is about 100m/sec in conventional method.
When jet velocity is adjusted as mentioned above, expression by annular the pulverized fuel spray-hole and outer in the air total amount of primary air spray-hole the primary air of the ratio of the combustion air amount of theory is reduced to 8～15% than the routine value from 20～25%, preferably 8～12%.Just, in the combustion method of use of the present invention combustion apparatus of the present invention, the momentum of injection stream can increase 25～35%, and auxiliary air follow momentum and follow the time can remain on one with the similar level of conventional method.Injection stream momentum and auxiliary air follow momentum to calculate according to following equation (1) and (2):
G
o＝m
oU
o (1)
G
e＝K·(m
o(X/2R)
0.5-1)·V
e (2)
In equation (1) and (2):
G
oMomentum for injection stream
G
eFor auxiliary air is followed momentum
m
oBe injection stream mass flow rate (Kg/sec)
U
oBe injection stream speed (m/sec)
X is injection stream axial line distance (m)
R is jet stream diameter (m)
V
eBe injection stream pumping velocity (m/sec)
K is a constant.
In the method for the invention, as the jet velocity (U of primary air
o) increase to 200 to 300m/sec to increase the momentum (G of injection stream from about 100m/sec of conventional method
o) time, this increase of jet velocity causes auxiliary air to follow momentum (G
e) be proportional to the momentum (G of injection stream
o) and increase.But, when auxiliary air is followed momentum (G
e) and when following the time to remain on to be similar to the level of conventional method, because flame injection stream and Air mixing and the burning in the starting stage are carried out the degree of similar conventional method, the primary air amount can reduce.In this case, reducing of primary air amount can be by the high temperature secondary compensated with air, so burning velocity can increase, and efficiency of combustion can improve.
The combustion apparatus that is used for pulverized fuel and the method for the application of the invention, utilize pulverized fuel can form the combustion flame of the short flame form of a narrow angular, therefore (the vortex number is a nondimensional amount of representing spin intensity to the vortex number, represented as the equation (3) that illustrates below) can become zero, and can form a natural injection stream.And, in the equipment and method of routine, must be 18% or more for the content of the volatile materials in conventional equipment and the utilizable coal of method.But, utilize equipment of the present invention and method, the lower bound of the content of the volatile substances of utilizable coal can be reduced to about 10%.
SW＝G
φ/G
xR (3)
In equation (3):
SW is the vortex number,
G
φBe angular momentum flux vertically,
G
xBe thrust vertically,
R is that burner sprays diameter.
In the present invention, can use liquid fuel to act as a fuel.Fig. 4 represents the illustrative side view of a kind of embodiment of the heating furnace that comprises liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention.
In Fig. 4, cylindrical shape liquid fuel combustion equipment 11a inserts heating furnace (as rotary kiln 1) by the oven wall 12 of heating furnace.In this combustion apparatus 11a, a plurality of liquid fuel playpipe 25a with the liquid fuel spray-hole 26a that uses for injecting LPG in liquefied condition radially are arranged on one and the same circumference, and one have primary air spray-hole 28 in one or more and have a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes 24 with the interior primary air playpipe 27 that sprays primary air and one and the inboard and the arranged outside of the circumference of liquid fuel playpipe 25 are set the edge respectively with the outer primary air playpipe 23 that sprays primary air.
With reference to Fig. 4, in the end sections 13 of the liquid fuel combustion equipment 11a that is placed in the heating furnace outside, a liquid fuel carrier pipe 14a is set, and is connected on the aforesaid liquid fuel injection pipe.Simultaneously, a primary air carrier pipe 15 is set in end sections 13.Primary air carrier pipe 15 branches into outer primary air carrier pipe 16 and interior primary air carrier pipe 17.Outer primary air carrier pipe 16 be connected on the outer primary air playpipe and interior primary air carrier pipe 17 be connected on the primary air playpipe.In the combustion apparatus 11a of Fig. 4, one or more heavy oil burners that can be provided for lighting a fire or gas burner (not shown among Fig. 4).
In the combustion apparatus 11a of Fig. 4, liquid fuel stream 19a radially sprays by spray-hole, the internal spray of 20 liquid fuel withins stream 19a is flowed in interior primary air direct projection, and the outer jet of 21 liquid fuel withins stream 19a is flowed in outer primary air direct projection, form a combined-flow from these streams thus, and high temperature secondary air 5 is sneaked into this combined-flow, thereby makes liquid fuel combustion.
Liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention is characterised in that and comprises: a plurality of liquid fuel playpipes are placed on one and the same circumference and the liquid fuel spray-hole are arranged, by these holes injecting LPG in liquefied condition radially; An outer primary air playpipe has a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes that are arranged on the liquid fuel spray-hole outside, by these holes along be parallel to liquid fuel spray-hole central shaft to direction spray primary air; And an interior primary air playpipe, the interior primary air spray-hole that has at least one to be arranged on liquid fuel spray-hole inboard, by these holes along the central shaft that is parallel to the liquid fuel spray-hole to direction spray primary air.
Simultaneously, liquid fuel combustion method of the present invention is used liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention, it is characterized in that, liquid fuel radially sprays by the liquid fuel spray-hole, and primary air sprays by outer primary air spray-hole and interior primary air spray-hole with the center axially parallel of liquid fuel spray-hole, and the liquid fuel stream that makes injection thus mixes with outer interior primary air direct projection air-flow and makes the liquid fuel combustion of injection.
Fig. 5 (A) and 5 (B) are illustrative side cross-sectional view and the illustrative front view of an embodiment of express liquid fuel combustion appliance respectively.The equipment of Fig. 5 (A) presentation graphs 5 (B) is along the illustrative side cross-sectional view of sweep Y-Y '.
In Fig. 5 (A) and 5 (B), inside at the outermost perisporium 22 of cylindrical shape liquid fuel combustion equipment 3 is provided with primary air playpipe 23 outside, and in the spray end of playpipe 23, form a plurality of, for example 5 to 20, primary air spray-hole 24 outside best 8 to 18.Outside on the inboard of primary air playpipe 23, be provided with one or more, for example 1 to 6, best 1 to 4 liquid fuel playpipe 25a is used for injecting LPG in liquefied condition.At an end of each playpipe, form a radially liquid fuel spray-hole 26a of injecting LPG in liquefied condition.On one of center 31 and same circumference one or more liquid fuel spray-hole 26a are being set, the central axis of this liquid fuel spray-hole 26a is parallel to each other.Secondly, an interior primary air playpipe 27 is set on the inboard of liquid fuel within playpipe 25a, and at an end of playpipe, form one or more, for example 1 to 12, best 1 to 8 interior primary air spray-hole 28.
Above-mentioned outer primary air spray-hole 24 and interior primary air spray-hole 28 form by this way, are exactly the central axial direction identical (parallel) of injection direction with the aforesaid liquid fuel orifice 26a in these holes.Liquid fuel sprays by each liquid fuel spray-hole 26a and forms a radial flow, and primary air forms outer primary air direct projection stream by outer primary air spray-hole 24 injections that are placed in the spray-hole outside, advances and mix with the liquid fuel of this injection in the outside of this direct projection stream liquid fuel within stream.Simultaneously, primary air sprays by primary air spray-hole in one or more 28 and forms interior primary air direct projection stream 20, and this direct projection is flowed the progresses inside of liquid fuel within stream and mixed with the liquid fuel of this injection.Therefore, liquid fuel stream mixes with the outer interior primary air direct projection stream of the difference liquid fuel within stream outside and flows inside, and quicken and diffusion by this primary air flows, and with further mix by the popular high temperature secondary air that advances of outer primary air direct projection and burn.In the method, outer primary air flows forms one direct projection air-flow with high velocity jet, preferably the direct projection air-flow that separates of multiply.Therefore, this high temperature secondary air can easily pass through between this multiply primary air direct projection stream, and can mix efficiently with liquid fuel stream, forms the combustion flame of the short flame form of a narrow angular, and has high ignition temperature.And, when form a plurality of in during primary air spray-hole 24, the interior primary air direct projection stream of generation is advantageously used in the diffusion that promotes liquid fuel stream and forms circular flow in the high temperature simultaneously in combustion flame, so makes flame stabilization.
In liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention, internally the form of primary air spray-hole 28 and outer primary air spray-hole 24 and size are without limits.Usually, the pitch diameter (P.C.D.) of outer primary air spray-hole 24 and interior primary air spray-hole 28 is preferably 300 to 800mm.
Simultaneously, each has conic jet nozzle that outwards expands of liquid fuel playpipe 25a formation of liquid fuel spray-hole.For example, when C heavy oil when the liquid fuel, the temperature that preferably C heavy oil is heated to 85 to 100 ℃ to be being reduced to 20 to 30cst with its viscous drag, and places 30 to 40kg/cm
2Under the pressure of G.
As shown in Fig. 5 (A) and 5 (B), interior primary air playpipe 27 have a plurality of in the occasion of primary air spray-hole 28, preferably these a plurality of interior primary air spray-holes 28 and a plurality of outer primary air spray-hole 24 are placed on the concentric circumference, and these concentric circumference are around the central point 31 that a plurality of liquid fuel spray-hole 26a is arranged at the circumference above it.Simultaneously, the occasion of having only an interior primary air spray-hole 28 at interior primary air playpipe 27, preferably the central point of this interior primary air spray-hole is same with the central point 31 that a plurality of liquid fuel spray-hole 26a are arranged at the circumference above it, and the circumference that a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes 24 are arranged at above it is the concentric circles that centers on central point 31 with the circumference that a plurality of liquid fuel spray-hole 26a is arranged at above it.Above-mentioned primary air spray-hole 24 and 28 configuration make in outer that eddy current can liquid fuel within stream and produce reliably on the both sides, and primary air mixes equably with liquid fuel.Preferably, inside and outside two primary air flows form many direct projection air-flows respectively.In this case, it is very big that the eddy current surface area can become, so liquid fuel can acutely burn efficiently.In liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention, the conventional mechanism that the primary air diverted gas flow is used in not needing to form, this routine mechanism but is essential to conventional equipment.But the conventional mechanism that the primary air diverted gas flow is used in this formation can randomly be added on the combustion apparatus of the present invention.
Liquid fuel combustion method of the present invention is used aforesaid liquid fuel combustion appliance of the present invention.In the method, liquid fuel radially sprays by the liquid fuel spray-hole, and primary air by parallel with the central axial direction of liquid fuel playpipe outer in the primary air spray-hole spray, the liquid fuel stream that makes injection thus mixes with outer interior primary air flows and makes liquid fuel combustion.
In the method for the invention, without limits to the kind of liquid fuel.Usually, this liquid fuel can be selected from following liquid fuel, as heavy oil, waste oil and reclaimed oil and comprise flammable powder or the thin pulp fuel of waste material powder, described flammable powder such as coal dust, coke blacking and flammable molding powder, described waste material powder such as rubbish, waste wood sheet (wood chip) and husk.The medium of thin pulp can be liquid fuel (as heavy oil, waste oil or reclaimed oil) or water.
Method of the present invention can be very beneficial for being used for producing the rotary kiln of clinker, magnesia grog and lime.In this application, the high temperature secondary air is sent into rotary kiln by a product cooling device that is placed in the rotary kiln downstream.This high temperature secondary air is sneaked in the combined-flow that is formed by outer primary air direct projection stream, fluid fuel injection stream and interior primary air direct projection stream, so that liquid fuel burns efficiently.
In process of the present invention, the liquid fuel injection program by liquid fuel spray-hole 26a is controlled to a kind of like this degree, makes the particle diameter of the liquid fuel droplets of spraying be preferably 10 to 300 μ m, more preferably is 10 to 150 μ m.Size droplet diameter is to determine according to the form and the size of the kind of liquid fuel and viscosity and spray-hole.Desirable size droplet diameter can be applied to the pressure of liquid fuel and the form and the size of spray-hole obtains by control.
The jet velocity of primary air at each spray-hole place is preferably 200 to 300m/sec in outer, more preferably be 250 to 300m/sec, and conventional jet velocity is about 100m/sec.Under these conditions, primary air than (expression by the liquid fuel spray-hole and outer in the air total amount of primary air spray-hole injection to the ratio of the combustion air amount of theory) can drop to 5 to 10% from 12 to 15% of routine value, be 6 to 9% in the time of preferably.Just, in the combustion method that uses combustion apparatus of the present invention, the injection stream momentum of liquid fuel can increase 25 to 35% of conventional momentum, and auxiliary air is followed momentum and followed the time to remain on and the similar level of conventional method.
The momentum of following of the injection stream momentum of liquid fuel and auxiliary air can be according to calculating with aforesaid equation (1) and (2) of the same mode of pulverized fuel.
In the method for the invention, as the jet velocity (U of primary air
o) increase to 200 to 300m/sec to increase the momentum (G of injection stream from about 100m/sec of conventional method
o) time, this increase causes auxiliary air to follow momentum (G
e) be proportional to the momentum (G of injection stream
o) and increase.In this case, follow momentum (G when auxiliary air
e) and when following the time to remain on to be similar to the level of conventional method, the burning of flame flow and Air mixing and starting stage is carried out the degree of similar conventional method, so the amount of primary air can reduce.In this case, because reducing of primary air amount can be by the high temperature secondary compensated with air, so burning velocity can increase, and efficiency of combustion can improve.
Liquid fuel combustion equipment of the application of the invention and method can be to be similar to the combustion flame that the mode of using pulverized fuel produces the short flame form of narrow angular.Therefore, vortex number (the vortex number is a nondimensional amount by the expression spin intensity of aforesaid equation (3) definition) can become zero, and can form a natural injection stream.And, in the equipment and method of routine, there is restriction for operable liquid fuel kind.But, utilize equipment of the present invention and method, the scope of operable liquid fuel can enlarge.
In the present invention, can use pulverized fuel with liquid fuel.Fig. 6 represents the illustrative side view of a kind of embodiment of the heating furnace that comprises the invention described above mixed combustion equipment.
With reference to Fig. 6, the wall 12 that the cylindrical shape mixed combustion equipment 11b that supplies pulverized fuel and liquid fuel to use passes through heating furnace inserts heating furnace such as rotary kilns.This mixed combustion equipment that will illustrate with reference to Fig. 7 below comprises: a pulverized fuel playpipe 25, have an annular spray hole 26, and be used for the air pulverized powder fuel of carrying pulverized fuel; An interior primary air playpipe 27 has the interior primary air spray-hole 28 that a plurality of injection primary airs are used, along the inner peripheral surface setting of pulverized fuel playpipe 25; An outer primary air playpipe 23 has the outer primary air spray-hole 24 that a plurality of injection primary airs are used, along the outer peripheral face setting of pulverized fuel playpipe 25; And a liquid fuel playpipe 39, have and be used for the radially liquid fuel spray-hole 38 of injecting LPG in liquefied condition, the inside of primary air playpipe 24 in being arranged on.
In Fig. 6, in the end sections 13 of the mixed combustion equipment 11b that is placed in the heating furnace outside, be provided with one and be used for carrying air to carry the pulverized fuel carrier pipe 14 of pulverized fuel mixed flow, and pulverized fuel carrier pipe 14 is connected on the above-mentioned pulverized fuel playpipe with pulverized fuel.Simultaneously, a primary air carrier pipe 15 is set in end sections 13, and this carrier pipe branches into an outer primary air carrier pipe 16 and an interior primary air carrier pipe 17, should be connected on the outer primary air playpipe by outer primary air carrier pipe 16, and should be connected on the interior primary air playpipe by interior primary air carrier pipe 17.
In the mixed combustion equipment 11b of Fig. 6, one or more liquid fuel carrier pipe 18a are placed in the core of equipment.Simultaneously, at core, one or more heavy oil burners that are used to light a fire or gas burner can be set.
In the mixed combustion equipment of Fig. 6, powder fuel stream 19 sprays by the annular spray hole, interior primary air direct projection stream 20 sprays into the inboard of annular powder fuel stream, outer primary air direct projection stream 21 sprays into the outside of annular powder fuel stream, and the inboard of primary air direct projection stream in radially liquid fuel injection stream 37 sprays into, form a combined-flow from above-mentioned each stream thus, and high temperature secondary air 5 is sneaked into this combined-flow, so that pulverized fuel and liquid fuel combustion.
The mixed combustion equipment that is used for pulverized fuel and liquid fuel of the present invention comprises: a pulverized fuel playpipe, an annular spray hole is arranged, and be used for carrying air pulverized powder fuel with pulverized fuel; An outer primary air playpipe has a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes that are provided with along the outer peripheral face of pulverized fuel playpipe, can spray primary air along the direction identical with the pulverized fuel injection direction that passes through looping pit; An interior primary air playpipe has a plurality of interior primary air spray-holes that are provided with along the inner peripheral surface of pulverized fuel playpipe, can spray primary air along the direction identical with the pulverized fuel injection direction that passes through the annular spray hole; And a liquid fuel playpipe, have at the inboard liquid fuel spray-hole that is provided with of interior primary air playpipe, radially injecting LPG in liquefied condition.
Simultaneously, the mixed burning method that is used for pulverized fuel and liquid fuel of the present invention uses the above-mentioned mixed combustion equipment that is used for pulverized fuel and liquid fuel of the present invention, and comprises: carry air pulverized powder fuel by the annular spray hole with pulverized fuel; , flow to form outer interior primary air direct projection along spraying primary air with the same direction of pulverized fuel injection stream by interior primary air spray-holes outside a plurality of, between is situated between the pulverized fuel injection stream; And pass through radially injecting LPG in liquefied condition of liquid fuel spray-hole, pulverized fuel and liquid fuel are mixed, so that pulverized fuel and liquid fuel combustion with primary air flows.
Fig. 7 (A) and 7 (B) represent illustrative side cross-sectional view and the illustrative front view of the embodiment of the mixed combustion equipment that is used for pulverized fuel and liquid fuel of the present invention respectively.Fig. 7 (A) is that equipment shown in Fig. 7 (B) is along the illustrative side cross-sectional view of sweep Z-Z '.
With reference to Fig. 7 (A) and 7 (B), primary air playpipe 23 outside the inboard of the outermost perisporium 22 of cylindrical shape mixed combustion equipment is settled one, and in a spray end of playpipe 23, settle a plurality of, for example 5 to 20, primary air spray-hole 24 outside best 8 to 18.Primary air playpipe 23 inside outside, a pulverized fuel playpipe 25 that is used for carrying with pulverized fuel air pulverized powder fuel is set, 23 one-tenth concentric circles relations of this pipe and outer primary air playpipe, and in the end of pulverized fuel playpipe, form an annular spray hole.Secondly, an interior primary air playpipe 27 is set in the inboard of pulverized fuel playpipe 25, and in this, form in primary air playpipe 27 end a plurality of, for example 6 to 16, best 8 to 14 interior primary air spray-holes 28.
In interior primary air playpipe 27 inside, one or more (in Fig. 7 (A) and 7 (B) is 2) liquid fuel playpipe 39 is set, is used for the radially liquid fuel spray-hole 38 of injecting LPG in liquefied condition and in an end of each playpipe 39, form one.As shown in Fig. 7 (A), in the liquid fuel within spray-hole 38, form a conic jet mouth space that expands outwardly, and liquid fuel sprays radially by liquid fuel spray-hole 38 and mixes with primary air.
Above-mentioned annular spray hole 26, outer primary air spray-hole 24 and interior primary air spray-hole 28 form by this way, feasible injection direction identical mutually (parallel) by these holes.Therefore, pulverized fuel sprays by annular spray hole 26, forms the powder fuel stream 19 with ring section, and the liquid fuel of carrying by liquid fuel playpipe 39 radially sprays by the liquid fuel spray-hole.Secondly, primary air sprays by a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes 24 and forms a plurality of outer primary air direct projection streams, and they advance along the outside of powder fuel stream 19.Simultaneously, primary air sprays by primary air spray-hole in a plurality of 28 and forms a plurality of interior primary air direct projection streams, and their are along having the progresses inside of the powder fuel stream 19 of ring section shape.Therefore, powder fuel stream 19 is between inside and outside primary air direct projection stream and quickened thus and spread, and mixes with high temperature secondary air by outer primary air direct projection stream and to burn.In this case, because outer primary air flows be with the direct projection airflow pattern preferably a plurality of separations the direct projection air-flow, with high velocity jet, so the high temperature secondary air can be easily by between this a plurality of primary air direct projection streams center and mixes efficiently with powder fuel stream 19 and liquid fuel injection stream, therefore can form a narrow angular and lack the combustion flame of flame form and also can produce a high ignition temperature.Simultaneously, in this case, interior primary air direct projection air-flow helps lend some impetus to the diffusion of powder fuel stream 19 and liquid fuel injection stream 37, forms simultaneously in the high temperature circular flow so that flame stabilization in combustion flame.
In mixed combustion equipment of the present invention, internally the form of primary air spray-hole 28 and outer primary air spray-hole 24 and size are without limits.Usually, primary air spray- hole 28 and 24 pitch diameter (P.C.D.) are preferably 300 to 800mm in outer.Simultaneously, the liquid fuel spray-hole 38 of liquid fuel playpipe 39 forms a conic jet nozzle that expands outwardly.For example,, so preferably C heavy oil is heated to 80 to 100 ℃ temperature,, and is placed on 30 to 40kg/cm so that the viscous drag of fuel is reduced to 20 to 30cst if C heavy oil is used as liquid fuel
2Under the pressure of G.
As shown in Fig. 7 (A) and 7 (B), the a plurality of interior primary air spray-hole 28 of a plurality of outer primary air spray-hole 24 of preferably outer primary air playpipe 23 and interior primary air playpipe 27 is separately positioned on two concentric circumferences of outside and inner face, settles the looping pit 26 of pulverized fuel playpipe 25 between two concentric circumferences.Simultaneously, preferably, the straight line that the central point of the position of interior primary air spray-hole 28 and central point by outer primary air spray-hole 24 and above-mentioned concentric circumferences extends separates.Secondly, more preferably, primary air spray-hole 28 is placed between a pair of straight line 32 and 33 in each, and this a pair of straight line 32 and 33 extends through the central point of every pair of adjacent outer primary air spray-hole 24 and the central point 31 of above-mentioned concentric circumferences.
The disposing of above-mentioned primary air spray-hole helps produce eddy current reliably on the both sides in annular powder fuel stream outer.Preferably, inside and outside two primary air flows are made up of a plurality of direct projection air-flows.In this case, it is very big that the surface area of eddy current becomes, and as favourable result, pulverized fuel and liquid fuel can acutely burn efficiently.In above-mentioned mixed combustion equipment of the present invention, do not need the sort of in conventional equipment the conventional mechanism of primary air diverted gas flow in essential being used to form.But the mechanism of primary air diverted gas flow can selectively be added to arbitrarily on the mixed combustion equipment of the present invention in being used to form.Simultaneously, if desired, one or more start-up burner (heavy oil burner or gas burner) can be arranged in the core of mixed combustion equipment of the present invention.
The mixed burning method that is used for pulverized fuel and liquid fuel of the present invention uses pulverized fuel of the present invention and liquid fuel mixed combustion equipment.In the method, pulverized fuel sprays by an annular spray hole with the air of carrying pulverized fuel, primary air direct projection air-flow in outside primary air forms along the direction injection identical with the pulverized fuel injection stream by a plurality of outer interior primary air spray-holes, be provided with the pulverized fuel injection stream therebetween, liquid fuel radially sprays by the liquid fuel spray-hole in addition, and mix with primary air, make pulverized fuel and liquid fuel mixed combustion thus.
In mixed burning method of the present invention, without limits to fuel combination.Usually, pulverized fuel comprises a kind of powdered fuel, as coal dust or coke blacking.In addition,, can utilize waste material, as flammable molding powder, refuse rubbish, waste wood sheet (wood chip) and husk as pulverized fuel.
The kind of the employed liquid fuel of mixed burning method of the present invention is unrestricted.Preferential use common liquid fuel,, as contain the thin pulp of coal dust, coke blacking, flammable molding powder and flammable rubber powder as heavy oil, waste oil and reclaimed oil and the thin pulp fuel that contains flammable powder.Simultaneously, as the medium of thin pulp, can make water and liquid fuel (heavy oil, waste oil and reclaimed oil).
Mixed burning method of the present invention can be used to produce the rotary kiln of clinker (Clinker), magnesia grog and lime highly beneficially.In this case, the high temperature secondary air is sent into the rotary kiln from the product cooling device that is arranged on the rotary kiln downstream.This high temperature secondary air is introduced into combined-flow and mixes with it, the liquid fuel injection stream that this combined-flow flows, has the powder fuel stream of ring section, interior primary air direct projection stream and radially expansion by outer primary air direct projection is formed, and pulverized fuel and liquid fuel can burn efficiently.
In mixed burning method of the present invention, pulverized fuel preferably more preferably sprays by annular spray hole 26 with 35 to 45m/sec jet velocity with 30 to 50m/sec, outer primary air and interior primary air preferably more preferably spray by inside and outside spray-hole with 250 to 300m/sec jet velocity with 200 to 300m/sec respectively simultaneously, and conventional primary air jet velocity is about 100m/sec.Simultaneously, in the mixed burning method of this method, the size droplet diameter of the liquid fuel that sprays by spray-hole preferably is controlled at 10 to 300 μ m, more preferably is controlled at 10 to 150 μ m.Spray by carrying out pulverized fuel in the above described manner, primary air sprays and liquid fuel sprays, the primary air ratio, expression by annular pulverized fuel spray-hole and outer in the primary air total amount of primary air spray-hole injection to the ratio of theoretical combustion air, can be reduced to 8 to 15% from 20 to 25% of routine value, be preferably 8 to 12%, and the minimizing of primary air amount is compensated by the increase of high temperature secondary air capacity, therefore burning can proceed to such degree, burning velocity is increased, combustion flame forms with the short flame form of narrow angular, and ignition temperature can improve satisfactorily, simultaneously to not infringement of furnace wall.Just, in the combustion method that uses mixed combustion equipment of the present invention, the injection stream momentum can increase 25 to 35% than conventional method, and auxiliary air is followed momentum and followed the time to remain on the level similar to conventional method.
In the present invention, by suitably controlling the expulsion pressure that puts on liquid fuel and form and size, jet velocity and the injection temperation of spray-hole according to the kind of liquid fuel and viscosity, the size droplet diameter of the liquid fuel that sprays can be adjusted to 10 to 300 μ m.The size droplet diameter of the liquid fuel that sprays can calculate according to following equation:
d
max＝(2～2.5)d
D is average droplet particle diameter [m]
V
eBe fuel injection speed [m/s]
δ
gBe environmental gas density [kg/m
3]
δ
eBe fuel density [kg/m
3]
σ
eBe fuel surface tension force [N/m]
D is nozzle inside diameter [m]
d
MaxBe maximum size droplet diameter [m]
μ
eViscosity [PaS] for fuel
The momentum of following of the momentum of injection stream and auxiliary air can calculate according to aforesaid equation (1) and (2).
In mixed burning method of the present invention, the jet velocity (U of primary air
o) be increased to 200 to 300m/sec level from the routine value of about 100m/sec, thereby increase the momentum of injection stream, auxiliary air follow momentum (G
e) with the momentum (G of injection stream
o) increase with being directly proportional.But, follow momentum (G when auxiliary air
e) when following the time to remain on the level similar to conventional method, the burning in flame injection stream and Air mixing and starting stage to conventional method in realize under the similar condition, therefore, can reduce the amount of primary air.In this case, the minimizing of primary air amount is by the high temperature secondary compensated with air, so burning velocity increases and the efficiency of combustion raising.
Utilize mixed combustion equipment of the present invention and method, can produce the combustion flame of the short flame pattern of narrow angular, therefore vortex number (the vortex number is a nondimensional amount by the expression spin intensity of aforesaid equation (3) definition) can become zero, and flame flow just can form a natural injection stream.
Example
Example 1 and comparative example 1
In example 1, the of the present invention a kind of pulverized fuel combustion apparatus as shown in Fig. 2,3 (A) and 3 (B) is used for the rotary kiln of calcining cement, and cement is produced under condition shown in the table 1 by this rotary kiln.The results are shown in table 1.
In comparative example 1, cement is to utilize conventional coal-dust combustion device to produce under condition shown in the table 1.The results are shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | |
| The fineness of the calorific value of working condition coal (kcal/kg) fine breeze (residue % on the 90 μ m sieve meshes) | 6,800 10 to 20 | 6,800 10 to 20 |
| Outer primary air direct projection flow velocity degree (m/sec) interior primary air direct projection flow velocity degree (m/sec) pulverized coal flow speed (m/sec) interior primary air diverted flow speed (m/sec) primary air ratio | 250 to 300 250 to 300 30 to 50 do not have 11 | 100 to 120 80 to 0 30 to 50 0 to 80 20 |
| As a result the ratio of the momentum of injection stream ( *) 1Auxiliary air follow momentum ratio ( *) 1Auxiliary air follow the time ratio ( *) 1Vortex number (SW) productivity ratio (T/ days) ratios of combustion (kcal/kg) stove end region temperature (℃) CO at stove end place amount (%) | 125 to 135 100 to 110 90 to 100 0 2,800 719 1040 do not detect | 100 100 100 0.03 to 0.10 2,795 744 1,090 1 to 2 |
[table 1 notes]
(
*)
1... each numerical value of example 1 is the relative value with respect to the numerical value 100 of comparative example 1
Show as table 1 is clear, in example 1, even when auxiliary air is followed momentum and is followed the time to remain on similar level with relative example 1, the momentum of injection stream can increase 25 to 35%, the vortex number can reduce, productivity ratio can improve, and ratio of combustion can reduce, and the stove end region temperature can reduce.
Example 2 and comparative example 2
In example 2, a kind of liquid fuel combustion equipment of the present invention shown in Fig. 4,5 (A) and 5 (B) is used for the rotary kiln of calcining cement, and cement is produced under condition shown in the table 2 by this rotary kiln.The results are shown in table 2.
In comparative example 2, cement is to utilize conventional heavy oil combustion equipment to produce under condition shown in the table 2.The results are shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | |
| The calorific value of working condition liquid fuel (C heavy oil) (kcal/kg) | 10,200 | 10,200 |
| Size droplet diameter (μ m) interior primary air diverted gas flow speed (m/sec) the primary air ratio of outer primary air direct projection flow velocity degree (m/sec) interior primary air direct projection flow velocity degree (m/sec) liquid fuel | 250 to 300 250 to 300 150 do not have 7 | 100 to 120 80 to 0 150 0 to 80 15 |
| As a result the ratio of the momentum of injection stream ( *) 1Auxiliary air follow momentum ratio ( *) 1Auxiliary air follow the time ratio ( *) 1The CO amount (%) at calorific value (kcal/kg) the stove end place that vortex number (SW) productivity ratio (T/ days) produces | 125 to 135 100 to 110 90 to 100 0 2,880 719 do not detect | 100 100 100 0.03 to 0.10 2,795 744 1 to 2 |
(
*)
1: based on the numerical value in the comparative example 2 100
As the clear expression of table 2, in example 2, even when auxiliary air is followed momentum and follow the time to remain on similar level with comparative example 2, the momentum of injection stream can increase 25 to 35%, the vortex number can reduce, productivity ratio can improve, and ratio of combustion can reduce, and the stove end region temperature can reduce.
Example 3 and comparative example 3
In example 3, a kind of mixed combustion equipment of the present invention shown in Fig. 6,7 (A) and 7 (B) is used for the rotary kiln of calcining cement, and cement is produced under condition shown in the table 3 by this rotary kiln.The results are shown in table 3.
In comparative example 3, cement is to utilize conventional coal dust and liquid fuel mixed combustion equipment to produce under condition shown in the table 3.The results are shown in table 3.
Table 3
| Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | |
| The fineness of the calorific value of working condition coal (kcal/kg) fine breeze (residue % on the 90 μ m sieve meshes) | 6,800 10 to 20 | 6,800 10 to 20 |
| Outer primary air direct projection flow velocity degree (m/sec) interior primary air direct projection flow velocity degree (m/sec) pulverized coal flow speed (m/sec) interior primary air diverted flow speed (m/sec) | 250 to 300 250 to 300 30 to 50 do not have | 100 to 120 80 to 0 30 to 50 0 to 80 |
| Liquid fuel calorific value (kcal/kg) liquid-drop diameter (μ m) | C heavy oil 10,200 150 | C heavy oil 10,200 150 |
| The | 11 | 20 |
| As a result the ratio of the momentum of injection stream ( *) 1Auxiliary air follow momentum ratio ( *) 1Auxiliary air follow the time ratio ( *) 1Calorific value (kcal/kg) the stove end region temperature that vortex number (SW) productivity ratio (T/ days) produces (℃) the CO amount (%) at stove end place | 125 to 135 100 to 110 90 to 100 0 2,880 719 1040 do not detect | 100 100 100 0.03 to 0.10 2,795 744 1,090 1 to 2 |
As the clear expression of table 3, in example 3, even when auxiliary air is followed momentum and follow the time to remain on similar level with comparative example 3, the momentum of injection stream can increase 25 to 35%, the vortex number can reduce, productivity ratio can improve, and ratio of combustion can reduce, and the stove end region temperature can reduce.
Industrial usability
Utilize combustion apparatus of the present invention and method, a kind of pulverized fuel or a kind of liquid fuel or a kind of pulverized fuel and a kind of liquid fuel are burnt and form a kind of flame of short flame pattern of narrow angular, can increase ignition temperature fully and do not damage the furnace wall. Therefore, the actual effect of equipment of the present invention and method is extraordinary.
Claims (8)
1. the fuel combustion appliance of a combustion of liquid fuel comprises:
One cylindrical shape outermost perisporium (22);
A plurality of liquid fuel playpipes (25a), this liquid fuel playpipe has the liquid fuel spray-hole (26a) that is horn-like injecting LPG in liquefied condition along a liquid fuel injection direction, and each liquid fuel spray-hole (26a) is arranged on the 1st circumference with central point (31);
One is arranged on the outside of first circumference and around the outer primary air playpipe (23) of this first circumference, should have a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes (24) by outer primary air playpipe, by these a plurality of outer primary air spray-holes (24), spray primary air from this liquid fuel spray-hole (26a) along being parallel to this fuel injection direction, wherein should be arranged on one the 2nd circumference around the 1st circumference by outer primary air spray-hole (24); And
One is arranged on the interior primary air playpipe (27) of the 1st inside circumference, should have one or more interior primary air spray-holes (28) by interior primary air playpipe, by primary air spray-hole (28) in this, spray primary air from this liquid fuel spray-hole (26a) along being parallel to this liquid fuel injection direction;
It is characterized in that:
When primary air playpipe in this has an interior primary air spray-hole, in this central point of primary air spray-hole with its on to be arranged with the central point (31) of the 1st circumference of a plurality of liquid fuel spray-holes (26a) identical; When primary air playpipe in this have a plurality of in during the primary air spray-hole, the primary air spray-hole was configured on one the 3rd circumference in these were a plurality of, the 3rd circumference extends in the 1st circumference, and each of the 2nd, the 3rd circumference all have with its on be arranged with the identical central point of central point (31) of the 1st circumference of a plurality of liquid fuel spray-holes (26a).
2. fuel combustion appliance as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the straight line that the central point of the central point (31) of the position of primary air spray-hole (28) and circumference by being arranged with liquid fuel spray-hole (26a) on it and outer primary air spray-hole (24) extends in this separates.
3. fuel combustion appliance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the position of liquid fuel spray-hole (26a) is to separate with the straight line that extends by the central point of the most close liquid fuel spray-hole ground arrangement outward, interior primary air spray-hole (24,28).
4. the fuel combustion method of each the described fuel combustion appliance in utilization such as the claim 1 to 3 comprises by horn-like ground of liquid fuel spray-hole injecting LPG in liquefied condition; Spray primary air by outer primary air spray-hole and interior primary air spray-hole along the central axial direction that is parallel to the liquid fuel spray-hole, the liquid fuel stream that sprays thus mixes to be incorporated in the mixed flow with outer, interior primary air direct projection stream and burns.
5. fuel combustion method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: this liquid fuel is selected from liquid fuel and contains the thin pulp fuel of flammable powder.
6. fuel combustion method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: when liquid fuel burns in rotary furnace, the high temperature secondary air is introduced rotary furnace from the product cooling system that is arranged on the rotary furnace downstream, and the high temperature secondary air of introducing is sneaked into fluid combustion flame.
7. fuel combustion method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: outer, interior primary air direct projection stream sprays by inside and outside spray-hole with 200 to 300m/sec jet velocity, and is controlled to the scope of 10 to 300 μ m by the liquid fuel droplets particle diameter that the liquid fuel spray-hole sprays.
8. fuel combustion method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the air total amount of spraying by liquid fuel spray-hole and outer, interior primary air spray-hole is controlled to 5 to 10% of theoretical combustion air.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35105596 | 1996-12-27 | ||
| JP351055/96 | 1996-12-27 | ||
| JP142427/97 | 1997-05-30 | ||
| JP142529/97 | 1997-05-30 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB97193374XA Division CN1316197C (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1997-12-25 | Device and method for combustion of fuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1892107A true CN1892107A (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| CN100478613C CN100478613C (en) | 2009-04-15 |
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ID=37597219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100941250A Expired - Fee Related CN100478613C (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1997-12-25 | Device and method for combustion of fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100478613C (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101839479A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-09-22 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | Powdered coal burner head with high efficiency and low wear |
| CN107314370A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-03 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of alcohol-based fuel Electrostatic Spraying Combustion device |
| CN108034438A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-05-15 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | A kind of high-temperature semi-coke air-humidification method and device |
| CN110500591A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-26 | 南京绿帝环保能源科技有限公司 | The fuel type coloured glaze state processing unit and its processing method of dangerous waste material |
| CN114959171A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2022-08-30 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Electric furnace and method for manufacturing molten iron using the same |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8317251D0 (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1983-07-27 | Shell Int Research | Burner for gasification of solid fuel |
| CN1008657B (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1990-07-04 | G·M·科尔吉扎诺夫斯基国家能源科学研究所 | Burning method of viscous liquid fuels and apparatus |
| CN2093307U (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-01-15 | 北京科力新技术发展总公司 | Multiple internal swirl mixing atomized burner |
| CN1056916C (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 2000-09-27 | 德士古发展公司 | Partial oxidation prcess and burner with porous tip |
-
1997
- 1997-12-25 CN CNB2006100941250A patent/CN100478613C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101839479A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-09-22 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | Powdered coal burner head with high efficiency and low wear |
| CN101839479B (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2015-02-25 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | Powdered coal burner head with high efficiency and low wear |
| CN114959171A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2022-08-30 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Electric furnace and method for manufacturing molten iron using the same |
| CN107314370A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-03 | 东华理工大学 | A kind of alcohol-based fuel Electrostatic Spraying Combustion device |
| CN108034438A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-05-15 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | A kind of high-temperature semi-coke air-humidification method and device |
| CN110500591A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-26 | 南京绿帝环保能源科技有限公司 | The fuel type coloured glaze state processing unit and its processing method of dangerous waste material |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100478613C (en) | 2009-04-15 |
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