CN1889579A - Method and apparatus for raising route information protocol route convergence rate - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for raising convergence speed of route information protocol route includes detecting whether neighbor router can be always reached or not by router using route information protocol according to quick detection session set up with neighbor router and deleting route item correlated with said neighbor router when neighbor router not being able to be reached is detected. The device for realizing said method is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device that improves route information protocol route convergence rate, particularly relate to a kind of method and device that utilizes Fast Detection Technique to quicken the routing convergence speed of routing information protocol (Routing Information Protocol is hereinafter to be referred as RIP) when learning route mutually.
Background technology
RIP is one of a kind of most popular Routing Protocol based on distance vector algorithms, is widely used in the route of fhe global the Internet, be a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol (Interior Gateway Protocol, IGP), promptly at the inner routing function of carrying out of autonomous system.Up-to-date protocol version defines in " RFC 2453:RIP Version 2 ".
In RIP, the distance of main frame is defined as in the RFC vacuum metrics with tolerance sign: a numerical value is used for being identified to the distance of destination host.The tolerance of RIP is based on jumping figure (hops count), and every through a router, the jumping figure in path adds one.Thus, jumping figure is many more, and the path is just long more, and the RIP algorithm can preferentially be selected the few path of jumping figure.The maximum hop count that RIP supports is 15, and jumping figure is that 16 network is considered to unreachable.
Be connected on the consolidated network, router contiguous mutually on network is called neighbours each other mutually.Whether RIP does not set up and the maintenance of neighbor relation, promptly can not break down by the mutual discovery neighbours in time that shake hands between the neighbours as OSPF Routing Protocols such as (Open Shortest Path First).The routing iinformation of RIP is distributed to routing table other router that is connected on the consolidated network by broadcasting or multicast mode.Under the default situation, router was every 30 seconds routing tables to the Web broadcast that links to each other with it oneself, and routing table can be regarded as the set of route entry, and each route entry has been represented a network topology path that arrives purpose network or main frame.The router that receives broadcasting is added into the routing iinformation of receiving in the routing table of self.Each router is so broadcasting all, and all routers all can be learnt whole routing iinformations on the final network.
RIP is provided with three kinds of timers usually, is respectively to upgrade timer, invalid timer and suppress timer, is respectively under the default default situations 30 seconds, 180 seconds and 120 seconds.Under the default situation, router was every 30 seconds routing tables to the Web broadcast that links to each other with it oneself, corresponding each RIP router that also just means just should be able to be received the routing iinformation affirmation that neighbours send from network every 30 seconds, and this timing of 30 seconds is responsible for processing by upgrading timer.After a route was identified foundation for the first time, invalid timer picked up counting, and this route just is considered to be in disarmed state behind invalid timer expired.When a route be judged as invalid after, suppress timer and pick up counting, this route all is in holddown during suppressing timing, promptly no longer receives the routing update about same destination address.If router learns that from a network segment paths lost efficacy, and then, learnt on another network segment that immediately this route is effective.This effective information is incorrect often, and suppress timing and avoided this problem, and, when a link frequent start-stop, suppress timing and reduced floating of route, increased stability of network.
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the workflow of RIP agreement, shown two sequential schematic diagrames of the updating route information between the router of neighbours RIP each other in the accompanying drawing 1, wherein, " interface startup " is meant that router is for the first time or restart the back init state.As described above, the RIP router in consolidated network can be regularly to the routing table of Web broadcast oneself, and like this, the router of the operation RIP agreement of each in network finally all can be learnt whole routing iinformations.Each router itself be the publisher of routing iinformation also be the learner.When the routing table of a certain router changes, will produce one and trigger upgrade, at once to the routing iinformation of Web broadcast oneself.
Because the RIP agreement is to issue routing iinformation by broadcasting or multicast mode, do not set up and the maintenance of neighbor relation, can only delete the routing iinformation of inaccessible neighbours' issue by 180 seconds aging mechanism, cause the convergence rate of RIP routing iinformation slow.So-called convergence rate just is meant the route of eliminating trouble or failure, and routing iinformation converges to the speed of correct route.Though in specific implementation, the time interval and ageing time that cycle upgrades can dispose, it is too small that but can not dispose update time in cycle at interval, because can cause frequent a large amount of routing updates like that, and ageing time is at interval 3 times update time in cycle at least, is unpractical by reducing the method that update time in cycle and ageing time improve routing convergence speed therefore.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the slow technological deficiency of convergence rate of RIP routing iinformation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of method that improves routing information protocol RIP routing convergence speed, this method comprises the steps: to use the router basis of routing information protocol and the fast detecting session of neighbor router foundation, detect and whether can arrive neighbor router all the time, when detecting neighbor router when unreachable, delete the route entry relevant with this neighbor router.
Further, also comprise with this neighbours' route entry being set to suppress time status this route entry of deletion after suppressing timer expired before this deletion route entry relevant with this neighbor router.
Further, set up the condition of fast detecting session with neighbor router and receive the updating route information message for the first time for the router that uses routing information protocol, when the router that uses routing information protocol is received the updating route information message for the first time, therefrom parse the network address of neighbor router, be established to the fast detecting session of this neighbor router according to the network address of this neighbor router.
Further, the network address of this neighbor router is that the message source that obtains from this route updating packet sends the address, or obtains in the next hop address of the route entry that parses from this route updating packet.
Further, the process whether router detection of this use routing information protocol can arrive neighbor router all the time comprises: this router sends mutually regularly and detects bag, does not detect Bao Ze to be judged to be the other side unreachable if receive in the cycle of agreement number.
Further, this fast detecting session adopts the step of two-way forwarding detection BFD agreement regulation to carry out.
For realizing the object of the invention, a kind of device that is used to improve route information protocol route convergence rate has also been proposed, this device comprises: the routing information protocol entity is used to finish the network routing function of routing information protocol RIP; Whether the fast detecting entity is used to be established to the fast detecting session of neighbor router and detects this neighbor router and can reach; The routing information protocol entity links to each other with the fast detecting entity, and the fast detecting entity is set up the fast detecting session that request signal is established to neighbor router according to the session of routing information protocol entity; The routing information protocol entity is set to suppress time status according to the unreachable signal of the neighbor router route entry relevant with this neighbor router that the fast detecting entity sends, and waits for and suppress these route entries of the overtime back deletion of timing.
Further, the routing information protocol entity is made up of judging unit and protocol processing unit, judging unit parses the network address of neighbor router by the route updating packet that receives, and judge whether it is to receive the relevant route entry in the network address therewith for the first time, set up request signal if then send session, otherwise directly route updating packet is input to protocol processing unit to this fast detecting entity; Protocol processing unit directly sends route updating packet to network.
Further, this fast detecting entity sends mutually regularly fast with the neighbor router of setting up session and to detect bag after the fast detecting session that is established to neighbor router, does not detect Bao Ze to be judged to be the other side unreachable if receive in the cycle of agreement number.
Further, this fast detecting entity uses the step of two-way forwarding detection BFD agreement regulation to detect whether can arrive neighbor router.
The present invention effectively improves RIP routing convergence speed, by using Fast Detection Technique (as BFD), has reduced the transmission of invalid information on the network, has reduced the fault discovery time of router, has improved the system effectiveness of whole RIP route.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a RIP agreement flow chart;
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of disclosed raising RIP routing convergence speed;
Fig. 3 is the structure drawing of device of disclosed raising RIP routing convergence speed.
Embodiment
In the RIP agreement, the router of each operation RIP is all being safeguarded a RIP routing table, and routing table is made up of route entry, and each route entry generally is made up of fields such as purpose, next hop address, tolerance.Each RIP router can regularly be broadcasted oneself on network routing iinformation is whole routing table content, and router is connected the router abbreviation neighbor router on the consolidated network therewith.
In the ordinary course of things, a router is in the route updating packet of network issue oneself, and the next hop address of route entry is 0, in particular cases can fill in the address of another router in the directly connected subnet at some, to avoid the repeatedly forwarding of data.
The present invention introduces two notions and helps illustrate disclosed method, one is the routing information protocol entity, one is the fast detecting protocol entity, the routing information protocol entity that is somebody's turn to do is meant the program process of finishing corresponding RIP protocol function that runs on the router, it also comprises except finishing the RIP protocol function:
The analytical capabilities of A, the neighbor router network address.From the renewal message that neighbor router is sent, directly obtain the network address of the neighbor router of transmission message, or from the route entry that upgrades message, obtain the address of next jumping, the next hop address of route entry is pairing also to be a neighbor router in a certain directly connected subnet.
The fast detecting interactive function is set up in B, judgement and request.When for the first time receive certain neighbor router issue or receive for the first time and can send the request that set up the fast detecting session to the fast detecting protocol entity when being the route entry of next hop address with a certain network address.
The reception of C, unreachable message and processing capacity.When detecting neighbor router, the fast detecting protocol entity can be at once sends a unreachable notification message after unreachable to the routing information protocol entity, the routing information protocol entity can receive and handle this message, all is changed to the inhibition time status as the route entry that all are relevant with the neighbor router of this generation fault.
This fast detecting protocol entity is meant the program process of finishing corresponding fast detecting protocol function that runs on the router, and its major function should comprise:
Function is set up in A, session, when receiving the fast detecting session that is established to neighbor router after request is set up in session that the routing information protocol entity sends.
B, measuring ability, after the fast detecting session was set up, whether the session status between detection and the neighbor router was normal in real time.
C, Event triggered function, when detecting the situation of neighbor router when unreachable, fault notification message of triggering for generating is given the routing information protocol entity.
Disclosed method can have two kinds of schemes set up and neighbor router between fast detecting relation, first kind of scheme is to design for ordinary circumstance, be in the route entry next hop address be 0 or the situation of not filling under, the source that directly obtains from the route updating packet that receives sends the address, as everyone knows, the network data newspaper all can comprise source address, part such as destination address and data, source address promptly sends the address of the router of route updating packet, and the fast detecting protocol entity is set up the session between the router of issuing routing iinformation therewith by this address; Another kind of scheme is to design for special circumstances, be that next hop address is not 0 or fills under the situation of address value, can from received route updating packet, parse route entry, obtain next hop address from route entry, the fast detecting protocol entity is set up the fast detecting session of the router of address correspondence therewith by this address.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of steps of this method of the present invention, and this flow chart is as the criterion with the router of a certain RIP of being deployed with on the network, describes its processing procedure, supposes that it receives the routing iinformation of sending from routerA, and concrete treatment step is as follows:
Step 1, router are received the RIP route updating packet of neighbor router routerA issue.
In the RIP network, one is used the router of RIP can constantly receive the route updating packet that neighbor router is sent, upgrade all routing iinformations that include in the message on the neighbor router that sends message, the route updating packet that at every turn receives is all being shown the current up-to-date route situation of neighbor router that sends message.
Under the default situation, the RIP router can also can be received the route updating packet that other neighbor router is sent from network every 30 seconds accordingly to the routing table of Web broadcast oneself at least every 30 seconds.According to the RIP standard, when route changes, also can trigger router and send the routing iinformation of oneself to network.
The router of step 2, reception route updating packet judges whether it is the route of receiving the routerA issue for the first time, and foundation is asked if the fast detecting protocol entity then on this router sends session.
For first kind of scheme, directly obtain the source address of route updating packet, in fact this message source address is exactly the network address of routerA, retrieve in local routing table according to this network address then, if there is not the corresponding route entry in address therewith, then show it is the route updating packet that receives this router issue for the first time, send session to the fast detecting protocol entity then and set up request that request is established to the fast detecting session of the router of issue route updating packet; If not for the first time, then do not send session and set up request.
For second kind of scheme, if the next hop address in the route entry is not 0 or has filled in the network address, then take out this next hop address, routing table with oneself compares then, if receive with this address for the first time is the route entry of next hop address, and then request is established to the fast detecting session of the router of this next hop address correspondence; If not for the first time, then do not send session and set up request.The network address that said herein next hop address can be routerA also can be the network address with the direct-connected other router of the router that receives message.
Set up the network address that includes the neighbor router that to set up session relationship in the request at the routing information protocol entity to the session that the fast detecting protocol entity is initiated.
For above-mentioned two kinds of schemes,, after finishing determining step, all to finish work in the routing table that the route that will newly learn merges to oneself by the routing information protocol entity according to the regulation of RIP agreement.
Fast detecting protocol entity on the router of step 3, reception route updating packet is set up the fast detecting session with routerA institute corresponding router.
After the fast detecting protocol entity receives session foundation request, the fast detecting session of respective neighbours router will be established at once.For first kind of scheme, what session comprised in setting up and asking is exactly the network address of routerA, sets up the fast detecting session so be actually between the router of router that receives message and transmission message.For second kind of scheme, the fast detecting session is to be based upon between the router and the pairing router of next hop address that receives message.
Need to prove on each router that in network, may set up the fast detecting relation herein and all can move the fast detecting protocol entity, and be in the state of intercepting all the time, can be automatically when finding the request of setting up the fast detecting session is arranged and the other side set up the fast detecting session.
Step 5, detect neighbor router when unreachable when the fast detecting protocol entity, at once notify the routing information protocol entity, the routing information protocol entity all is set to holddown with all route entries that neighbor router is relevant therewith, suppresses timer and picks up counting.
Step 6, after suppressing timer expired, the RIP protocol entity delete all neighbor router route entry information of being correlated with therewith in this router.Owing to detect the routing iinformation of the unreachable and instant deletion calcellation of neighbor router fast by the fast detecting agreement, rather than wait for that 180 seconds aging mechanism that RIP agreement itself sets delete unreachable route, therefore improved the convergence rate of RIP route greatly.
As shown in Figure 3, be example with second kind of scheme, disclosed a kind of device that improves route information protocol route convergence rate.Router has routing information protocol entity and fast detecting entity, and the routing information protocol entity is used to finish the RIP network routing function, comprising the study route sent of neighbor router and to the route of neighbor router issue oneself.The fast detecting entity, be used to set up and neighbor router between the fast detecting session and whether detect this neighbor router unreachable; The routing information protocol entity links to each other with the fast detecting entity, and the fast detecting entity is set up request signal according to the session of routing information protocol entity and is established to fast detecting session between the neighbor router; The routing information protocol entity is set to suppress time status according to the unreachable signal route entry relevant with this neighbor router that the fast detecting entity sends, and waits for and suppress to delete these route entries behind the timing timer expiry.
The routing information protocol entity is made up of judging unit and protocol processing unit, the route updating packet that neighbor router is sent at first is input to judging unit, for first kind of scheme, whether judgment unit judges is the route that receives this neighbor router issue for the first time; For second kind of scheme, whether judgment unit judges is that to receive with certain address for the first time be the route of next hop address.Set up request signal if then send session, otherwise directly route updating packet is input to protocol processing unit to this fast detecting entity; Protocol processing unit directly is published to the routing iinformation of oneself on the network under the condition of protocol definition according to the RIP protocol rule.The network address that includes neighbor router in the request is set up in session, and this address is obtained by the renewal message that receives by this judging unit.The neighbor router of illustrated transmission route updating packet and the neighbor router of setting up the fast detecting session with it are not same routers under the situation of second kind of scheme, at this moment, the network address of setting up the neighbor router of session is to obtain by the next hop address of resolving in the route updating packet.
1. representing in the accompanying drawing 3 sent to network by router the routing iinformation of oneself, 2. represent that neighbor router is to Web broadcast or multicast routing update message, 3. be that request signal is set up in the fast detecting session, 4. be the unreachable signal of neighbor router, 5. the fast detecting agreement realizes the interactive signal that session detects.
Use two-way forwarding to detect the BFD agreement in the present invention's one illustrated embodiments and be used as the fast detecting agreement.
Two-way forwarding detects that (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, BFD) technology is a kind of in the Fast Detection Technique, is a kind of general standardized media independent and the quick fault testing agreement of protocol-independent.It can move on all types of interfaces, and the fast detecting of Millisecond even microsecond level is provided.It can also move on any network level simultaneously, for example, realize that at link layer Ethernet link detects, realize the fast detecting that Routing Protocol connects between router at the route layer, can comprise OSPF, ISIS, BGP service for each Routing Protocol, the fault of two-way forward-path between fast detecting neighbours, BFD only is applied to the Routing Protocol of maintenance of neighbor relation at present.
BFD detects at receiving terminal by send mutually regularly fast BFD controlling packet (the UDP bag of a specific format) between two nodes, exceeds three about fixed cycles and does not receive that BFD wraps then to be judged to be and open circuit.This and in the past packet network burn out detection mechanism are different, and it needn't return response after reception, neither be according to the reception condition decision network state that responds.
The routing information protocol entity can send session to BFD and set up request after receiving for the first time the route updating packet that a certain neighbor router sends, when BFD detects the other side can the trigger event settlement mechanism when unreachable, can notify the routing information protocol entity on the router, finish the deletion work of relevant route entry by the routing information protocol entity.
By combining with RIP and BFD, effectively improved RIP routing convergence speed, can be reduced to less than 1 second the detection time to neighbours' fault from 180 seconds of RIP agreement regulation, reduced the transmission of invalid information on the network, reduce the fault discovery time of router, improved the system effectiveness of whole RIP route.
The present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those skilled in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method that improves routing information protocol RIP routing convergence speed, it is characterized in that, this method comprises the steps: to use the router basis of routing information protocol and the fast detecting session of neighbor router foundation, detect and whether can arrive neighbor router all the time, when detecting neighbor router when unreachable, delete the route entry relevant with this neighbor router.
2, the method for raising route information protocol route convergence rate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise with this neighbours' route entry being set to suppress time status the described route entry of deletion after suppressing timer expired before the described deletion route entry relevant with this neighbor router.
3, the method for raising route information protocol route convergence rate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described and neighbor router is set up the condition of fast detecting session and received the updating route information message for the first time for the router that uses routing information protocol,
When the router that uses routing information protocol is received the updating route information message for the first time, therefrom parse the network address of neighbor router, be established to the fast detecting session of this neighbor router according to the network address of this neighbor router.
4, the method for raising route information protocol route convergence rate as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the network address of described neighbor router is that the message source that obtains from described route updating packet sends the address, or obtains in the next hop address of the route entry that parses from described route updating packet.
5, the method for raising route information protocol route convergence rate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the process whether router detection of described use routing information protocol can arrive neighbor router all the time comprises: described router sends mutually regularly and detects bag, does not detect Bao Ze to be judged to be the other side unreachable if receive in the cycle of agreement number.
As the method for any described raising route information protocol route convergence rate of claim in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that 6, the step that described fast detecting session adopts two-way forwarding to detect BFD agreement regulation is carried out.
7, a kind of device that is used to improve route information protocol route convergence rate is characterized in that, this device comprises: the routing information protocol entity is used to finish the network routing function of routing information protocol RIP; Whether the fast detecting entity is used to be established to the fast detecting session of neighbor router and detects described neighbor router and can reach; The routing information protocol entity links to each other with the fast detecting entity, and the fast detecting entity is set up the fast detecting session that request signal is established to neighbor router according to the session of routing information protocol entity; The routing information protocol entity is set to suppress time status according to the unreachable signal of the neighbor router route entry relevant with described neighbor router that the fast detecting entity sends, and waits for and suppress these route entries of the overtime back deletion of timing.
8, the device of raising route information protocol route convergence rate as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described routing information protocol entity is made up of judging unit and protocol processing unit, judging unit parses the network address of neighbor router by the route updating packet that receives, and judge whether it is to receive the relevant route entry in the network address therewith for the first time, set up request signal if then send session, otherwise directly route updating packet is input to protocol processing unit to described fast detecting entity; Protocol processing unit directly sends route updating packet to network.
9, the device of raising route information protocol route convergence rate as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described fast detecting entity is after the fast detecting session that is established to neighbor router, send mutually regularly fast with the neighbor router of setting up session and to detect bag, do not detect Bao Ze to be judged to be the other side unreachable if receive in the cycle of agreement number.
10, as the device of the described raising route information protocol route convergence rate of arbitrary claim in the claim 6 to 8, it is characterized in that the step that described fast detecting entity uses two-way forwarding to detect BFD agreement regulation detects whether can arrive neighbor router.
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