CN1888116A - High hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel - Google Patents
High hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of alloy steel, and is especially one kind of high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel. The bearing steel consists of C 0.65-0.80 wt%, Mn 17.0-19.0 wt%, Si 0.5-1.0 wt%, Cr 3.5-4.5 wt%, V 1.5-2.5 wt%, W 0.4-1.0 wt%, Mo 0.4-1.0 wt%, and N not more than 0.12 wt%, except Fe and inevitable impurities. Its making process includes the following steps: smelting, forging and heat treatment. The heat treatment includes annealing comprising maintain at 850-900 deg.c for 3-6 hr, cooling inside the furnace to 500 deg.c and air cooling outside the furnace; and solid dissolving plus aging treatment comprising solid dissolving heat treatment of heating to and maintaining at 1160-1200 deg.c before water cooling, and aging heat treatment of heating to and maintaining at 630-700 deg.c for 15-20 hr before air cooling to room temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of alloy steel, particularly a kind of high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel.
Background technology
Along with modern industry and science and technology development, the performance of ferrous materials is proposed many special requirements, be exactly wherein a kind of as no-magnetism bearing steel.No-magnetism bearing steel should have required higher hardness of general bearing steel and wear resisting property, require nonmagnetic energy again, may visit and dig up mine and some jewel as Sensitive Bearing, oil for guidance system, in order to prevent the influence of strong magnetic field boundary or earth magnetism field boundary, require to select for use the no magnetic material of magnetic diffusivity μ≤1.02 Gausses/oersted to make to bearing.The general bearing steel that uses is owing to the content less (Mn is below 2%, and Ni is below 1%) of Mn in the steel and Ni, and what therefore obtain after the quenching-tempering heat treatment is martensitic stucture, does not therefore possess nonmagnetic energy.No-magnetism bearing adopts berylliumbronze QBe2.0,1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and some other no magnetic materials to make no-magnetism bearing more traditionally.Berylliumbronze QBe2.0 is the copper alloy that contains 1.9～2.2%Be, though this alloy is nonmagnetic, its hardness has only HV350～400 (HRC37～42) after final thermal treatment.Its tissue of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel is that austenite has nonmagnetic energy, but the highest HRC26 of its hardness.Though high mangaenese steel also is nonmagnetic steel but how uses as structural part, as the most general high mangaenese steel is that Mn13 (contains 12～14%Mn), its maximum hardness has only HRC29, and only austenitic transformation is that martensite just can further improve hardness when cold working hardening, but nonmagnetic can the disappearance.High-strength nonmagnetic high mangaenese steel is also arranged, but its maximum pulling strength is 1109MPa (113.2Kg/mm abroad
2, corresponding hardness is HRC35), though also there is hardness to be higher than the high mangaenese steel of HRC45, use as hot work tool steel, it is nonmagnetic probably to be difficult to meet the demands.Above-mentioned materials is difficult to meet the demands for the nonmagnetic bearing of high rigidity sometimes, more is difficult to satisfy service requirements for the bigger bearing of some specification especially; Require the good no magnetic mould of wear resisting property also to need to use the high rigidity nonmagnetic steel to make in addition.Therefore need a kind of hardness of development higher, the novel preferably no-magnetism bearing steel of wear resisting property.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the no-magnetism bearing steel of a kind of high rigidity, high abrasion.
According to above-mentioned purpose, the principle of work of technical scheme of the present invention is: austenitic stainless steel, high temperature steel and high manganese austenitic steel all belong to the category of nonmagnetic steel; Certainly must have stable austenite structure in order to keep nonmagnetic.In alloying element, Mn, Ni, C and N form austenitic element, in steel, add a certain amount of after, all can keep austenite structure at normal temperatures even at low temperatures.In steel, add strengthening element V, W and Mo, obtain high rigidity and high-wear resistance, satisfy service requirements by solid solution-ageing treatment.
According to above-mentioned purpose and technical scheme principle of work of the present invention, the concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: the chemical ingredients of this high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel is formed (weight %) and is: C 0.65～0.80%, Mn 17.0～19.0%, Si 0.5～1.0%, and Cr 3.5～4.5%, and V 1.5～2.5%, W 0.4～1.0%, Mo 0.4～1.0%, N≤0.12%, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The effect of above-mentioned various alloying element in steel is as follows:
Mn: manganese is the element that enlarges the austenitic area and make stabilization of austenite consumingly, can also increase the solubleness of nitrogen in steel, and the austenite that at high temperature forms can not decomposed in process of cooling.When adding chromium in the steel, need to adopt the corresponding M n content can the stable austenite tissue, prevent martensitic generation, so add 17.0～19.0% Mn for guaranteeing austenitic stability.
C and N: in steel, add 0.65～0.80% C and can further form and the stable austenite tissue.Carbon also is the important element of strengthening austenitic steel, can form carbide with the elements such as Cr, V, W and Mo in the steel, dissolves in matrix under solid solubility temperature, strengthens intensity, hardness and the increase wear resisting property that matrix improves steel greatly thereby can disperse during timeliness separate out.Nitrogen is the element of strong formation and stable austenite, and with nitrogen and manganese comprehensive action stable austenite, its effect is very obvious.
Therefore and the carbide of the formation of the carbon in the steel chromium Cr: the purpose that adds 3.5～4.5% chromium is to improve the etch resistant properties of steel, and another purpose is because chromium is carbide forming element, and, disperse is separated out by ageing treatment, further improves the intensity and the hardness of steel.
V: vanadium is the element that forms carbide very strongly, and the vanadium carbide of formation can be dissolved in matrix when molten admittedly, when ageing treatment, separate out fine vanadium carbide (VC) and make hardening of steel, thereby obtain high strength and high rigidity.The effective elements of hardening when vanadium is ageing treatment.
Mo and W: molybdenum can be dissolved in the austenitic matrix, plays and strengthens austenitic effect.Molybdenum and tungsten are carbide forming elements, separate out tiny carbide and steel is further strengthened from the matrix disperse during ageing treatment.
Si: silicon can solid solution in austenite, thereby improve its hardness and intensity.Silicon also can improve the contact fatigue life of the elastic limit of steel, the anti-temper softening performance that improves steel and raising steel.
The concrete steps of production technique that prepare above-mentioned high rigidity no-magnetism bearing steel are as follows:
(1), smelting technology:
Smelting technology adopts electric arc furnace (power frequency, intermediate frequency furnace) Electrode for remelting rod, carries out electroslag remelting then:
A, electric arc furnace smelting adopt oxidation style, use the Si-Ca deoxidation, and tapping temperature is 1550 ℃～1580 ℃, pour into electrode bar after calm 3 minutes in the bag;
B, esr adopt refining slag, and slag system is binary slag system: CaF
270%, Al
2O
330%;
(2), forge heat processing technique:
The alloy ratio of this steel is higher, needs in the heat-processed slowly to heat up, and Heating temperature is 1150～1200 ℃, needs fully saturating the burning under Heating temperature, forges the back air cooling;
(3), thermal treatment process:
A, annealing heat treatment process:
The machining of general austenitic steel is obtaining after the austenitizing solution treatment than carrying out under the soft, but cause work hardening easily, particularly the work hardening phenomenon of high Mn austenitic steel is more serious, owing to work hardening influences machinability, for improving machinability, take the annealing process of overaging to forging material, can reduce work hardening and improve machinability.Concrete annealing process is: stove is chilled to 500 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove behind 850 ℃～900 ℃ insulation 3～6h;
B, solid solution+aging thermal treating process:
Nonmagnetic steel belongs to austenitic steel, this steel must select higher austenitizing temperature to be incubated solid solution for 1160 ℃～1200 ℃, carbide in the steel fully is dissolved in the austenite, carries out solution treatment in the entry of quenching rapidly then, make the stable supersaturated austenite tissue of reservation in the steel.Carry out the ageing treatment of long period after the solid solution, its aging technique is 630 ℃～700 ℃ * 15～20 hours, and air cooling is to room temperature then.Because the disperse of the carbide that V, Cr, Mo and W and C form is separated out, its hardness significantly increases when ageing treatment.
No-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention compared with prior art has the advantage of high rigidity, high abrasion.Above-mentioned advantage is specific as follows: hardness (HRC) 〉=48, tensile strength (MPa) 〉=1500, unit elongation (%) 〉=12, A
Ku(J) 〉=14, permeability (Gauss/oersted)≤1.02.
Embodiment
High hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel is adopted chemical composition and has been prepared 3 batches of bearing steels according to the present invention, table 1 is compared with the prior art the chemical composition contrast table (weight %) of example for high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention, the processing step and the process parameter table of table 2 preparation high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention, table 3 high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention is compared with the prior art routine performance comparison table.1-3# is the embodiment of the invention in the above-mentioned tabulation, and 4-7# is the prior art Comparative Examples.4 is berylliumbronze QBe2.0, and 5 is stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and 6 is high mangaenese steel Mn13, and 7 is high-strength nonmagnetic high mangaenese steel.
3 batches of high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steels of above-mentioned preparation are applied in respectively:
(1), the no-magnetism bearing that is used for antimagnetic electrical measurement car
The 3516P no-magnetism bearing that the bearing of the antimagnetic electrical measurement car that certain oil instrument plant produces adopts steel grade of the present invention to make, this antimagnetic electrical measurement car carries out the ground test of system, the result shows the antimagnetic functional of this antimagnetic electrical measurement car, and intact closing can adapt to the requirement of surveying spontaneous potential.This antimagnetic electrical measurement car carries out result of use in China oil field good.
(2), be used to make the track of electron beam exposure machine
Its track of electron beam exposure machine that certain Electronic Instruments Plant produces need adopt the no magnetic material of high rigidity, high-wear resistance to make, and adopts 1Cr18Ni9Ti to make in the past, because its hardness can not satisfy service requirements than low orbit very quick-wearing.After selecting for use steel grade of the present invention to make, because this steel grade is antimagnetic functional, and hardness is higher, wear resistance is better, uses the result to show that track does not does not wear and tear substantially, has satisfied service requirements.
(3), use as no magnetic mould
The moulding of strontium, level barium ferrite magnetic material and Sn-Co magneticalloy needs to carry out in high-intensity magnetic field, for guaranteeing its performance index, therefore requires forming mould to have anti-magnetic property, adopts the no magnetic mould of steel grade manufacturing of the present invention can satisfy service requirements.Certain magneticsubstance factory adopts steel of the present invention to make the no magnetic mould of 2F8,3F8, models such as 401, uses the result to show that the diamagnetic performance made from steel grade of the present invention of no magnetic mould is good, the hardness height, and the good life-span of wear resistance is long.
Table 1 high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention is compared with the prior art the chemical composition contrast table (weight %) of example
| Sequence number | C | Mn | Si | Cr | V | W | Mo | N | Ni | Be | Cu | Fe |
| 1 | 0.78 | 17.9 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.09 | - | - | - | Surplus |
| 2 | 0.72 | 18.2 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 0.10 | - | - | - | Surplus |
| 3 | 0.69 | 18.5 | 0.6 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.10 | - | - | - | Surplus |
| 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.3 | 2.0 | Surplus | - |
| 5 | 0.10 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 18.0 | - | - | - | - | 9.0 | Ti：0.45 | ||
| 6 | 1.2 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Surplus |
| 7 | 0.44 | 17.5 | 0.43 | 7.2 | 1.6 | - | - | - | 3.8 | - | - | Surplus |
The processing step and the process parameter table of table 2 preparation high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention
| Sequence number | Smelting technology | Forge heat processing technique | Thermal treatment process | |||||
| Electric arc furnace smelting | Esr | Heating temperature ℃ | Annealing heat treatment process | Solid solution+aging thermal treating process | ||||
| Tapping temperature ℃ | Calm time minute | Slag system | Annealing temperature ℃ | Soaking time h | Solid solubility temperature ℃ | Aging temp and time ℃ * h | ||
| 1 | 1550 | 3 | CaF 270％、Al 2O 330％ | 1150 | 860 | 5 | 1170 | 630℃×20h |
| 2 | 1570 | 3 | CaF 270％、Al 2O 330％ | 1170 | 880 | 3 | 1190 | 670℃×18h |
| 3 | 1565 | 3 | CaF 270％、Al 2O 330％ | 1180 | 900 | 5 | 1200 | 690℃×15h |
Table 3 high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel of the present invention is compared with the prior art routine performance comparison table
| Sequence number | Hardness (HRC) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Unit elongation (%) | A ku (J) | Permeability (Gauss/oersted) |
| 1 | 49.0 | 1685 | 12 | 14 | 1.006 |
| 2 | 48.9 | 1685 | 13 | 15 | 1.008 |
| 3 | 49.5 | 1690 | 12 | 14 | 1.005 |
| 4 | 39 | 1180 | - | 12 | Nonmagnetic |
| 5 | 26 | 530 | 40 | - | Nonmagnetic |
| 6 | 29 | 850 | 40 | 95 | 1.01 |
| 7 | 35 | 113.2 | 62 | 21 | Nonmagnetic |
Claims (2)
1, a kind of high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel, it is characterized in that this steel chemical composition composition (weight %) is: C 0.65～0.80%, Mn 17.0～19.0%, Si 0.5～1.0%, and Cr 3.5～4.5%, and V 1.5～2.5%, W 0.4～1.0%, Mo 0.4～1.0%, N≤0.12%, and all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2, a kind of preparation method who prepares high hardness and high wear resistance no-magnetism bearing steel is characterized in that this preparation comprises following concrete processing step:
(1), smelting technology:
Smelting technology adopts the electric arc furnace smelting electrode bar, carries out electroslag remelting then:
A, electric arc furnace smelting adopt oxidation style, use the Si-Ca deoxidation, and tapping temperature is 1550 ℃～1580 ℃, pour into electrode bar after calm 3 minutes in the bag;
B, esr adopt refining slag, and slag system is binary slag system: CaF
270%, Al
2O
330%;
(2), forging process:
The alloy ratio of this steel is higher, needs in the heat-processed slowly to heat up, and Heating temperature is 1150～1200 ℃, needs fully saturating the burning under Heating temperature, forges the back air cooling;
(3), thermal treatment process:
A, annealing heat treatment process:
Concrete annealing process is: stove is chilled to 500 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove behind 850 ℃～900 ℃ insulation 3～6h;
B, solid solution+aging thermal treating process:
Solution heat treatment technology: being heated to austenitizing temperature is 1160 ℃～1200 ℃ fully insulation back water-cooleds;
C, aging thermal treating process: be heated to 630 ℃～700 ℃ * 15～20 hours, air cooling is to room temperature then.
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|---|---|---|---|
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