CN1887480A - Extrusion casting process for making automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Extrusion casting process for making automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The extrusion casting process for making automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy includes designing magnesium alloy composition, smelting and modifying magnesium alloy, quantitatively casting alloy liquid, indirect extrusion casting and heat treating casting. The metal materials Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, RE, etc in certain weight proportion are compounded, molten in crucible furnace, refined and modified; the alloy liquid is then conveyed through a quantitatively casting pump to an extrusion casting machine, pushed into the mold and pressurized with the punching head, so as to form extrusion cast automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy; and the rack is finally solid solution ageing treated to obtain the rack with excellent mechanical performance. The automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy has reduced weight, fined material structure and raised comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extrusion casting preparation method of automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy, with the magnesium alloy is material, after melting, modifying-refining, refining treatment, through extrusion casint and to the heat treatment of foundry goods, obtain the superior automobile engine bracket of mechanical property again.Belong to alloy manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Drive comfort level and mechanics of vehicles performance for energy-saving and cost-reducing, minimizing toxic emission, raising, automobile develops to the lightweight direction now.From the angle of structural material, realize that the light-weighted main means of vehicle are to adopt the light material with height ratio performance to replace traditional material.Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural metallic materials, has that price is low, a height ratio performance (specific strength and specific stiffness), outstanding characteristics such as damping vibration attenuation performance.Used for magnesium alloy in vehicle structure, can be reduced light weight and fuel consume, reduce the vibration and the noise of vehicle, improve the acceleration and deceleration dynamics of vehicle, can reach the purpose of energy-conserving and environment-protective, can significantly improve the driving comfort level of vehicle again.The application of magnesium alloy on automobile now, mainly be to adopt low-intensity mechanical property requirements part in some housing type parts (as manual transmission shell and lid, bell housing etc.) that under low operating temperature, move that casting or die casting produces and the car inner part (as steering wheel system, instrument face plate etc.) etc., and these parts shared weight ratio in car load is very limited.Join in a common effort meter according to world's magnesium, the magnesium alloy die casting of global auto industry employing in 2005 is about 12.8 ten thousand tons, and each car is 4 kilograms with the magnesium amount on average at present, only accounts for 0.3% of automotive dead weight.To further enlarge the consumption of magnesium alloy on automobile, at first must realize the magnesium alloy chemical of high strength part in dynamical system and drive disk assembly and the vehicle chassis component etc. at low cost, the part of having relatively high expectations as comprehensive mechanical properties such as engine support, air conditioner supports.Magnesium alloy is applied to this class part not only can obtains weight loss effect preferably, and can reduce the vibration of parts such as engine and compressor of air conditioner, improve its operating efficiency.
The most at present aluminium alloy compression casting methods that adopt of automobile engine bracket part are produced; minority adopts aluminium alloy sand mould casting, gravitational casting and low pressure casting production; the automobile that adopts these traditional technologies to produce presents defectives in various degree such as cold shut, depression, crackle with the aluminium alloy engine support in outward appearance; and tend to occur fatal defectives such as pore, shrinkage cavity, pin hole in inside; thereby had a strong impact on the performance of product, hindered the development of automobile lightweight, environmental protectionization.For the cast magnesium alloy of present commercialization, if adopt the traditional gravity or the production technology of compression casting, its mechanical property also is difficult to stably reach the level of similar alloy product.Studies show that, adopt high-performance magnesium-alloy and utilize the extrusion casting method of precise forming to develop the level that the magnesium alloy engine support then can reach similar aluminium alloy castings fully, reach good lightweight effect simultaneously.But adopt the magnesium alloy extrusion casting method to prepare the automobile engine bracket product at present, yet there are no open report at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of extrusion casting preparation method of automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy is provided, the product that obtains is compared with traditional commerce aluminium alloy engine support, have higher specific strength, specific stiffness, lighter weight and more excellent damping shock absorption performance.
Be to realize that this purpose, method of the present invention comprise that the design of magnesium alloy composition, alloy melting are rotten, the quantitatively cast of alloy liquid, indirect Squeeze Casting Technology and heat treating castings technology.At first raw metals such as magnesium, aluminium, manganese, zinc, rare earth are prepared by constant weight percentage, add fusing in the crucible melting stove, refining and rotten the processing, adopt quantitative pouring pump to carry alloy liquid then to the extrusion casting machine feed compartment, the extrusion casting machine drift is injected alloy liquid and supercharging makes the liquid magnesium alloy crystallization to the engine support mold cavity, obtain magnesium alloy engine support extrusion casint part, again part is carried out the solid solution aging intensive treatment, obtain the superior automobile engine bracket of mechanical property.
Method of the present invention specifically comprises the steps:
1, the percentage by weight of magnesium alloy materials component is: 6～8%Al, and 0.17～0.4%Mn, 0.45～0.9%Zn, 0～0.5%RE, Si＜0.05%, Cu＜0.025, Ni＜0.001%, Fe＜0.004%, all the other are Mg.
2, the magnesium alloy materials for preparing is preheated to 200～250 ℃ in baking oven; simultaneously the crucible melting stove is heated up; sprinkle one deck coverture in crucible bottom; to add through the magnesium alloy materials of preheating in the melting furnace; continue heat temperature raising; when treating that temperature rises to 400 ℃ of left and right sides in the stove, begin to feed protective gas and prevent the magnesium alloy burning, shield gas flow rate is 1～10%/min of crucible enclosed volume.After treating that magnesium alloy melts fully; continue to be warmed up to 720～740 ℃; 0.1～1wt% the alterant that adds the liquid magnesium alloy total amount carries out modifying-refining to be handled; processing time 5～10min; be warming up to 730～750 ℃ then; the refining agent that adds the 1.5～2.5wt% that accounts for the liquid magnesium alloy total amount carries out refining treatment; refining time is 5～10min; after refining is finished; remove slag; any coverture or refining agent are no longer spread in alloy liquid surface, are covered by protective gas fully, and it is to be cast that alloy liquid leaves standstill and be cooled to 680～710 ℃ of pouring temperatures etc.
3, the engine support casting die adopts the design of a mould two chamber symmetrical distribution forms, running gate system adopts open, one mould, two cavate moulds are fixed on the left and right sides mould bases of the horizontal indirect extrusion casting machine of 350T, mould adopts the oil circuit mode of heating, at first is preheated to 150～200 ℃, evenly sprays one deck thermal insulation coatings and releasing agent then in mold cavity, coating layer thickness is 20～50 microns, continue baking dies, make clagging firm, and make mold preheating temperature be increased to 250～350 ℃.
4, adopt quantitative pouring pump to carry alloy liquid to the extrusion casting machine feed compartment from melting furnace, the extrusion casting machine drift steadily advances alloy liquid, quick supercharging solidification and crystallization to mold cavity, the adjusting Squeeze Casting Parameters on Microstructure is: squeeze pressure is 60～120MPa, dwell time 20～40s, drift extrusion speed 10～200mm/s, finish the casting process of automobile, obtain spray with the magnesium alloy engine support.
5, the engine support spray of extrusion casint being made carries out solid solution aging (T6) heat treatment, earlier 370 ℃ of predissolves 1～3 hour, is warming up to 400～420 ℃ of insulations 6～12 hours then, the air cooling of coming out of the stove; The single-stage aging that carried out again 150～200 ℃ * 5～15 hours is handled, and perhaps carries out 200 ℃ * 2～10 hours+150 ℃ * 10～20 hours two-stage time effect, obtains automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy.Through T6 heat treatment, the mechanical property of foundry goods effectively improves, and obtains qualified properties of product.
Among the present invention, described crucible melting stove can adopt resistance wire heating furnace, ribbon heater heating furnace, perhaps fuel oil heating; The crucible melting amount is 200～500 kilograms, 2～4 hours/stove of burn-off rate; Melting furnace can adopt burner hearth to add alloy liquid two temperature control methods in the crucible.
Protective gas of the present invention can adopt the combination drying air of the fire-retardant inhibitor that contains 0.1～1vol.%, and described fire-retardant inhibitor is inert gas SF6 or contains fluorinated refrigerant R152a, R32 or R134a.
Alterant of the present invention can be Al-4Ti-5B or Al-5Ti-1B, adds with the intermediate alloy form, also can adopt reagent such as anhydrous MgCO3 or anhydrous C2Cl6.
In order to produce high performance magnesium alloy engine support cheaply, it is that the AZ91D alloy is the basis that the present invention selects Mg-Al for use, consider crystallization under the elevated pressures to Mg-Al be the alloy graining phasor influence (promptly, high crystallization pressure can make the maximum solid solution degree of alloy element in magnesium matrix reduce and eutectic point is offset to rich magnesium direction) situation under, suitably reduce the content of Al element, add the mixed with little amount rare earth simultaneously, form the optimization preparation of component, both guaranteed to have enough hardening constituents in the extrusion casint solidified structure, and avoided the segregation of the hardening constituent that the pressure crystallization causes to cause product fragility to increase again.
Compared with prior art, the present invention adopts the material of magnesium alloy as engine support, can obtain weight loss effect preferably, adopts the Extrution casting technique can the refinement material structure, improves the product combination property.The automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy mechanical property height of the present invention's preparation, alloy is crystalline forming under sufficient pressure, can not form defectives such as pore, shrinkage cavity and pin hole in goods, thereby its dense structure is even, and crystal grain is tiny; After the T6 intensive treatment, the performance of product is further strengthened, and has higher tensile strength, and higher yield strength and percentage elongation meet high-quality, the high performance requirement of auto parts and components.The automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy that Extrution casting technique manufacturing of the present invention forms can improve semifinished product precision, reduces allowance, realizes the low consumption of the resource and the energy, impels the raising of economic benefit.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Be formulated as follows the alloying component of percentage by weight: 6%Al, 0.17-0.4%Mn, 0.45-0.9%Zn, 0～0.5%RE, all the other are Mg, and 200 kilograms of alloy total amounts are preheated to 200 ℃ with alloy pig in baking oven, and refining agent is dried in 160 ℃ of holding furnaces.The resistance-type melting furnace is preheated to 200 ℃; sprinkle one deck coverture in crucible bottom; the alloy pig that adds preheating; regulating thermocouple heats step by step; when treating that temperature rises to 400 ℃ in the stove; the combination drying air (shield gas flow rate is the 3%/min of crucible enclosed volume) that begins to feed the R32 inhibitor that contains 0.1～1vol.% prevents the magnesium alloy burning; after treating that alloy melts fully; continue to be warmed up to 720～730 ℃; add the 0.5wt% alterant and carry out modifying-refining and handle 10min, be warming up to 740 ℃ then, add refining agent (refining agent consumption account for total magnesium liquid measure 2.5%) and carry out refining treatment; refining time is 10min; after refining is finished, remove slag, any coverture or refining agent are no longer spread in alloy liquid surface; covered by protective gas fully, it is to be cast that alloy liquid leaves standstill and be cooled to 680 ℃ of pouring temperatures etc.
One mould, two cavate moulds are fixed on the mould bases of the horizontal indirect extrusion casting machine of the 350T left and right sides, and mould adopts the oil circuit mode of heating at first to be preheated to 200 ℃, evenly sprays one deck thermal insulation coatings and releasing agent then in mold cavity, and coating layer thickness is about 30 microns.Continue baking dies, make clagging firm, and make mold preheating temperature be increased to 250 ℃.
Be provided with the technological parameter of 350T extrusion casting machine as follows:
| Squeeze pressure (MPa) | 60 | Supercharging dislocation | 280mm | Release link length | 575mm |
| Dwell time (s) | 40 | Material handle length | 15mm | The material joint length | 45mm |
| Drift position (mm) | 60 | 192 | 220 | 220 | 306 |
| Drift speed (mm/s) | 200 | 65 | 65 | 95 | 95 |
After setting completed, adopt quantitative pouring pump in melting furnace, accurately to carry liquid magnesium alloy, start extrusion casting machine then and can begin automatic extruding to the extrusion casting machine feed compartment.
After extruding finished, foundry goods was taken out in die sinking, checks its outward appearance integrality and blemish.Product qualification rate reaching 75%, qualified products are heat-treated and the structure property analysis.Technology for Heating Processing is solid solution in 370 ℃ * 2 hours+400 ℃ * 12 hours, 170 ℃ then * 10 hours Ageing Treatment.The engine support foundry goods entity sampling and testing of this cast, its microstructure mean grain size is about 40～50 μ m, as-cast specimen HV (5Kg) hardness average out to 75.5, and tensile strength is greater than 240MPa, yield strength is greater than 100MPa, percentage elongation is greater than 7%, and after T6 heat treatment, alloy mechanical property increases substantially, HV (5Kg) hardness average out to 92.5, tensile strength is greater than 280MPa, and yield strength is greater than 152MPa, and percentage elongation is greater than 6%.
Embodiment 2
Be formulated as follows the alloying component of percentage by weight: 7%Al, 0.17-0.4%Mn, 0.45-0.9%Zn, 0～0.5%RE, all the other are Mg, and 300 kilograms of alloy total amounts are preheated to 200 ℃ with alloy pig in baking oven, and refining agent is dried in 160 ℃ of holding furnaces.The resistance-type melting furnace is preheated to 200 ℃; sprinkle one deck coverture in crucible bottom; the alloy pig that adds preheating; regulating thermocouple heats step by step; when treating that temperature rises to 400 ℃ in the stove; (shield gas flow rate is that 1～10%/min) of crucible enclosed volume prevents magnesium alloy burning to begin to feed the combination drying air of the inhibitor R152a that contains 1vol.%; after treating that alloy melts fully; continue to be warmed up to 720～730 ℃; add the 0.3wt% alterant and carry out modifying-refining and handle 10min, be warming up to 740～750 ℃ then, add refining agent (refining agent consumption account for total magnesium liquid measure 2.0%) and carry out refining treatment; refining time is 10min; after refining is finished, remove slag, any coverture or refining agent are no longer spread in alloy liquid surface; covered by protective gas fully, it is to be cast that alloy liquid leaves standstill and be cooled to 690 ℃ of pouring temperatures etc.
One mould, two cavate moulds are fixed on the mould bases of the horizontal indirect extrusion casting machine of the 350T left and right sides, and mould adopts the oil circuit mode of heating at first to be preheated to 200 ℃, evenly sprays one deck thermal insulation coatings and releasing agent then in mold cavity, and coating layer thickness is about 20 microns.Continue baking dies, make clagging firm, and make mold preheating temperature be increased to 300 ℃.
Be provided with the technological parameter of 350T extrusion casting machine as follows:
| Squeeze pressure (MPa) | 90 | Supercharging dislocation | 290mm | Release link length | 575mm |
| Dwell time (s) | 30 | Material handle length | 35mm | The material joint length | 45mm |
| Drift position (mm) | 60 | 192 | 220 | 220 | 306 |
| Drift speed (mm/s) | 150 | 10 | 10 | 55 | 55 |
After setting completed, adopt quantitative pouring pump in melting furnace, accurately to carry liquid magnesium alloy, start extrusion casting machine then and can begin automatic extruding to the extrusion casting machine feed compartment.
After extruding finished, foundry goods was taken out in die sinking, checks its outward appearance integrality and blemish.Product qualification rate reaching 85%, qualified products are heat-treated and the structure property analysis.Technology for Heating Processing is solid solution in 370 ℃ * 2 hours+400 ℃ * 12 hours, 170 ℃ then * 10 hours Ageing Treatment.The engine support foundry goods entity sampling and testing of this cast, its microstructure mean grain size is about 30～40 μ m, as-cast specimen HV (5Kg) hardness average out to 78.7, and tensile strength is greater than 245MPa, yield strength is greater than 105MPa, percentage elongation is greater than 7%, and after T6 heat treatment, alloy mechanical property increases substantially, HV (5Kg) hardness average out to 92.5, tensile strength is greater than 290MPa, and yield strength is greater than 161MPa, and percentage elongation is greater than 6%.
Embodiment 3
Be formulated as follows the alloying component of percentage by weight: 8%Al, 0.17-0.4%Mn, 0.45-0.9%Zn, 0～0.5%RE, all the other are Mg, and 300 kilograms of alloy total amounts are preheated to 200 ℃ with alloy pig in baking oven, and refining agent is dried in 160 ℃ of holding furnaces.The resistance-type melting furnace is preheated to 200 ℃; sprinkle one deck coverture in crucible bottom; the alloy pig that adds preheating; regulating thermocouple heats step by step; when treating that temperature rises to 400 ℃ in the stove; the combination drying air (shield gas flow rate is the 5%/min of crucible enclosed volume) that begins to feed the SF6 inhibitor that contains 1vol.% prevents the magnesium alloy burning; after treating that alloy melts fully; continue to be warmed up to 720～730 ℃; add the 1wt% alterant and carry out modifying-refining and handle 10min, be warming up to 740～750 ℃ then, add refining agent (refining agent consumption account for total magnesium liquid measure 2.0%) and carry out refining treatment; refining time is 10min; after refining is finished, remove slag, any coverture or refining agent are no longer spread in alloy liquid surface; covered by protective gas fully, it is to be cast that alloy liquid leaves standstill and be cooled to 710 ℃ of pouring temperatures etc.
One mould, two cavate moulds are fixed on the mould bases of the horizontal indirect extrusion casting machine of the 350T left and right sides, and mould adopts the oil circuit mode of heating at first to be preheated to 200 ℃, evenly sprays one deck thermal insulation coatings and releasing agent then in mold cavity, and coating layer thickness is about 20 microns.Continue baking dies, make clagging firm, and make mold preheating temperature be increased to 350 ℃.
Be provided with the technological parameter of 350T extrusion casting machine as follows:
| Squeeze pressure (MPa) | 120 | Supercharging dislocation | 300mm | Release link length | 575mm |
| Dwell time (s) | 20 | Material handle length | 50mm | The material joint length | 45mm |
| Drift position (mm) | 60 | 192 | 220 | 220 | 306 |
| Drift speed (mm/s) | 150 | 40 | 40 | 75 | 75 |
After setting completed, adopt quantitative pouring pump in melting furnace, accurately to carry liquid magnesium alloy, start extrusion casting machine then and can begin automatic extruding to the extrusion casting machine feed compartment.
After extruding finished, foundry goods was taken out in die sinking, checks its outward appearance integrality and blemish.Product qualification rate reaching 90%, qualified products are heat-treated and the structure property analysis.Technology for Heating Processing is solid solution in 370 ℃ * 2 hours+400 ℃ * 12 hours, 200 ℃ then * 2 hours+150 ℃ * 10 hours Ageing Treatment.The engine support foundry goods entity sampling and testing of this cast, its microstructure mean grain size is about 20～30 μ m, as-cast specimen HV (5Kg) hardness average out to 80.3, and tensile strength is greater than 250MPa, yield strength is greater than 105MPa, percentage elongation is greater than 6%, and after T6 heat treatment, alloy mechanical property increases substantially, HV (5Kg) hardness average out to 96.7, tensile strength can reach 300MPa, and yield strength is greater than 165MPa, and percentage elongation is greater than 5%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of extrusion casting preparation method of automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) percentage by weight of magnesium alloy materials component is: 6～8%Al, and 0.17～0.4%Mn, 0.45～0.9%Zn, 0～0.5%RE, Si＜0.05%, Cu＜0.025, Ni＜0.001%, Fe＜0.004%, all the other are Mg;
2) magnesium alloy materials for preparing is preheated to 200～250 ℃ in baking oven, simultaneously the crucible melting stove is heated up, sprinkle one deck coverture in crucible bottom, to add through the magnesium alloy materials of preheating in the melting furnace, continue heat temperature raising, when treating that temperature rises to 400 ℃ in the stove, begin to feed protective gas and prevent the magnesium alloy burning, shield gas flow rate is 1～10%/min of crucible enclosed volume; After treating that magnesium alloy melts fully, continue to be warmed up to 720～740 ℃, 0.1～1wt% the alterant that adds the liquid magnesium alloy total amount carries out modifying-refining to be handled, processing time 5～10min is warming up to 730～750 ℃ then, and the refining agent that adds the 1.5～2.5wt% that accounts for the liquid magnesium alloy total amount carries out refining treatment, refining time is 5～10min, after refining is finished, remove slag, alloy liquid leaves standstill and is cooled to 680～710 ℃ of pouring temperatures;
3) the engine support casting die adopts the design of a mould two chamber symmetrical distribution forms, running gate system adopts open, one mould, two cavate moulds are fixed on the left and right sides mould bases of the horizontal indirect extrusion casting machine of 350T, mould adopts the oil circuit mode of heating, at first is preheated to 150～200 ℃, evenly sprays one deck thermal insulation coatings and releasing agent then in mold cavity, coating layer thickness is 20～50 microns, continue baking dies, make clagging firm, and make mold preheating temperature be increased to 250～350 ℃;
4) adopt quantitative pouring pump to carry alloy liquid to the extrusion casting machine feed compartment from melting furnace, the extrusion casting machine drift steadily advances alloy liquid, quick supercharging solidification and crystallization to mold cavity, the adjusting Squeeze Casting Parameters on Microstructure is: squeeze pressure is 60～120MPa, dwell time 20～40s, drift extrusion speed 10～200mm/s, finish the casting process of automobile, obtain spray with the magnesium alloy engine support;
5) the engine support spray of extrusion casint being made carries out solid solution aging T6 heat treatment, earlier 370 ℃ of predissolves 1～3 hour, is warming up to 400～420 ℃ of insulations 6～12 hours then, the air cooling of coming out of the stove; The single-stage aging that carried out again 150～200 ℃ * 5～15 hours is handled, and perhaps carries out 200 ℃ * 2～10 hours+150 ℃ * 10～20 hours two-stage time effect, obtains automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy.
2, according to the extrusion casting preparation method of the automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy of claim 1, it is characterized in that described crucible melting stove adopts resistance wire heating furnace, ribbon heater heating furnace, or fuel oil heating; The crucible melting amount is 200～500 kilograms, 2～4 hours/stove of burn-off rate; Melting furnace adopts burner hearth to add alloy liquid two temperature control methods in the crucible.
3, according to the extrusion casting preparation method of the automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy of claim 1; it is characterized in that described protective gas is the combination drying air that contains the fire-retardant inhibitor of 0.1～1vol.%, described fire-retardant inhibitor is inert gas SF6 or contains fluorinated refrigerant R152a, R32 or R134a.
4,, it is characterized in that described alterant is that Al-4Ti-5B or Al-5Ti-1B add with the intermediate alloy form, or adopt anhydrous MgCO3 of reagent or anhydrous C2Cl6 according to the extrusion casting preparation method of the automobile engine rack of magnesium alloy of claim 1.
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