Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for heavy truck hubs and a preparation process thereof, through reasonable raw material matching cooperation and improvement on the preparation process, the mechanical property and the die-casting quality of the aluminum alloy cast rod are effectively improved, the problems of cracks, uneven distribution, impurity outward floating and the like are obviously reduced through targeted adjustment of the formula and the process, the wear resistance and the pressure resistance of the aluminum alloy cast rod are obviously improved, the effective service life is prolonged, the comprehensive quality is improved, and the application range is wider.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass (the percentages do not include the content of the same elements in a composite reinforcing material): 0.95 to 1.05 percent of Si, 0.74 to 0.86 percent of Mg, 1.15 to 1.4 percent of Cu, 0.28 to 0.46 percent of Mn, 0.12 to 0.14 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.22 percent of Sc, 0.005 to 0.03 percent of Te, less than 0.25 percent of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Preferably, the composite reinforcing material is also contained by 0.8-1.2%.
Preferably, the composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing a mixture of alkali-free glass fibers and magnesium borate whiskers in a mass ratio of 1:0.4-0.6, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fibers and the magnesium borate whiskers accounts for 7-10% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fibers is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whiskers is 11-13.
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 30-60min at a constant temperature of 60-75 ℃, taking out, and drying with hot air at 60 ℃ for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 10-20min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 1-2h at 95-120 ℃ in a mixed atmosphere of/Ar for later use; after the pure aluminum ingot is hot melted, the dried alkali-free glass fiber is added into the aluminum ingot, the temperature is 730 DEG CSmelting for 10-15min, finally cooling to 710-715 ℃, adding the magnesium borate whisker after heat treatment, uniformly mixing, heating to 720-725 ℃, continuing smelting for 10-15min, and casting to obtain the composite reinforcing material.
Preferably, the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is 20-30%; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
preferably, the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the alloy component content, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at the temperature of 200-;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 20-25s at the temperature of 520-525 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Preferably, before injection molding in step 1), the mold is preheated at 200 ℃ under 180 ℃ and the extrusion pressure is 80-82MPa in the process of die casting, and the pressure maintaining time is 30-35 s.
Preferably, the moderate gradient heating and cooling treatment in the step 2) is specifically that the temperature is increased to 500 ℃ in an equal gradient manner for one time, the temperature is kept for 10-15h, the temperature is reduced to 480 ℃ in an equal gradient manner for another time, and the temperature is kept for 5-10 h; and then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ in an equal gradient manner for the second time, the temperature is kept for 5-10h, the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ in an equal gradient manner for the second time, and the temperature is kept for 10-15 h.
Preferably, the primary equal gradient temperature rising rate is 20 ℃/h, and the primary equal gradient temperature lowering rate is 10 ℃/h; the secondary equal gradient temperature rise rate is 30 ℃/h, and the secondary equal gradient temperature fall rate is 10 ℃/h.
Preferably, the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 12-15 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through reasonable raw material matching cooperation and improvement on a preparation process, the mechanical property and the die-casting quality of the aluminum alloy cast rod are effectively improved, the formula and the process are pertinently adjusted, the problems of cracks, uneven distribution, impurity floating and the like are obviously reduced, the wear resistance and the pressure resistance of the aluminum alloy cast rod are obviously improved, the effective service life is prolonged, the comprehensive quality is improved, and the application range is wider.
The proper amount of Sc and Te is added into the aluminum alloy cast rod, so that on one hand, the aluminum alloy cast rod is used as an strengthening element in the alloy smelting process, on the other hand, the aluminum alloy cast rod has an excellent grain refinement promoting effect, and Sc has the characteristics of transition elements and rare earth elements, so that the excessive problems of Si, Mn and the like are not easily caused in the preparation process, the refining capability and the recrystallization inhibiting capability are excellent, the diffusion of elements in an alloy system and the homogenization treatment of a metallographic phase are facilitated, the improvement on the structure and the performance of the alloy are obviously promoted, and the strength, the corrosion resistance and the weldability (the welding strength coefficient is more than 0.2) are obviously improved. In addition, Te element, Sc and Cu act together, so that the smelting temperature and the phase state conversion difficulty are reduced, the fluidity in the smelting process is effectively improved, the nucleation particles are stabilized, the alloy structure is more stable and uniform, meanwhile, the excellent conduction effect is achieved, the obtained alloy cast rod is strong in heat dissipation resilience, the application loss is reduced, and the benefit is higher by matching with the aluminum-titanium alloy.
In addition, the composite reinforcing material is added in the alloy raw material, the aluminum alloy is used as a matrix, and the fiber and the whisker are internally melted, so that the overall mechanical property of the alloy is effectively improved, and the compression resistance and the wear resistance are obviously improved. The fiber and the whisker in the composite alloy raw material are pretreated firstly and then are smelted and compounded with the pure aluminum ingot, namely, the composite alloy raw material has certain alloy fiber net-shaped configuration in the prefabrication process, has good activation effect and strong overall stability, is added for secondary smelting and adding when preparing the aluminum alloy cast rod, is favorable for rapid participation reaction, and accelerates the flowing effect.
The preparation process adopts twice equal gradient heating and cooling treatments, has good smooth transition performance to the structure function, high crystal grain stability and good homogenization effect, improves the structural mechanical property by more than 30 percent (obtained by comparing with the data of the corresponding embodiment) compared with unidirectional heating homogenization treatment (the homogenization treatment is carried out in the range of 440-570 ℃, the heating and heat preservation stage is reserved, and the cooling and heat preservation stage is removed), and has uniform and compact structure and small internal stress.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.95% of Si, 0.74% of Mg, 1.2% of Cu, 0.33% of Mn, 0.13% of Ti, 0.15% of Sc, 0.02% of Te, less than 0.25% of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Also comprises 0.8 percent of composite reinforcing material. The composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing alkali-free glass fiber and magnesium borate whisker mixture in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fiber and the magnesium borate whisker accounts for 10% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fiber is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whisker is 11-13.
The preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 60min at the constant temperature of 60 ℃, taking out and drying by hot air at the temperature of 60 DEG CDrying for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 10min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 2h at 110 ℃ in an/Ar mixed atmosphere for later use; and after the pure aluminum ingot is subjected to hot melting, adding the dried alkali-free glass fiber into the pure aluminum ingot, performing hot melting at the temperature of 730-. Wherein the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is 30 percent; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the content of alloy components, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at 220 ℃, then adding an industrial aluminum ingot, electrolytic copper, copper-containing alloy and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy into a medium-frequency electric furnace, heating to 620 ℃, preheating for 20min, heating to melt, adding silicon, magnesium and titanium-aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 5min, adding the residual aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding a composite reinforcing material into the medium-frequency electric furnace, smelting for 15min, and performing injection molding and die casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast bar crude product;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 25s at the temperature of 520 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Wherein, before the injection molding and the die casting in the step 1), the mold is preheated at 200 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 80MPa in the die casting process, and the pressure maintaining time is 35 s; the step 2) medium gradient heating and cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of firstly carrying out equal gradient heating to 500 ℃ at a time of 20 ℃/h, carrying out heat preservation for 15h, then carrying out equal gradient cooling to 480 ℃ at a time of 10 ℃/h, and carrying out heat preservation for 10 h; then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ by 30 ℃/h twice equal gradient, the temperature is preserved for 5h, then the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ by 10 ℃/h twice equal gradient, and the temperature is preserved for 10 h; the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 12 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
Example 2:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of Si, 0.80% of Mg, 1.15% of Cu, 0.28% of Mn, 0.12% of Ti, 0.22% of Sc, 0.01% of Te, less than 0.25% of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Also comprises 1.0 percent of composite reinforcing material. The composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing alkali-free glass fiber and magnesium borate whisker mixture in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fiber and the magnesium borate whisker accounts for 10% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fiber is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whisker is 11-13.
The preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 30min at a constant temperature of 70 ℃, taking out and drying by hot air at 60 ℃ for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 20min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 1h at 120 ℃ in an/Ar mixed atmosphere for later use; and after the pure aluminum ingot is subjected to hot melting, adding the dried alkali-free glass fiber into the pure aluminum ingot, performing hot melting at the temperature of 730-. Wherein the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is 30 percent; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the content of alloy components, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at 250 ℃, then adding an industrial aluminum ingot, electrolytic copper, copper-containing alloy and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy into a medium-frequency electric furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preheating for 15min, heating to melt, adding silicon, magnesium and titanium-aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding the residual aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding a composite reinforcing material into the medium-frequency electric furnace, smelting for 10min, and performing injection molding and die casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast bar crude product;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 20s at the temperature of 525 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Wherein, before the injection molding and the die casting in the step 1), the mold is preheated at 180 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 80MPa in the die casting process, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; the moderate gradient heating and cooling treatment in the step 2) is specifically that the temperature is increased to 500 ℃ in an equal gradient way at a time of 20 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 10h, then the temperature is decreased to 480 ℃ in an equal gradient way at a time of 10 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 10 h; then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ by 30 ℃/h twice equal gradient, the temperature is kept for 5h, then the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ by 10 ℃/h twice equal gradient, and the temperature is kept for 15 h; the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 12 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
Example 3:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.05% of Si, 0.78% of Mg, 1.15% of Cu, 0.37% of Mn, 0.12% of Ti, 0.1% of Sc, 0.005% of Te, less than 0.25% of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Also comprises 0.8 percent of composite reinforcing material. The composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing alkali-free glass fiber and magnesium borate whisker mixture in a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fiber and the magnesium borate whisker accounts for 7% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fiber is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whisker is 11-13.
The preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 30min at the constant temperature of 60 ℃, taking out and drying by hot air at the temperature of 60 ℃ for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 10min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 2h at 95 ℃ in a mixed atmosphere of/Ar for later use; and after the pure aluminum ingot is subjected to hot melting, adding the dried alkali-free glass fiber into the pure aluminum ingot, performing hot melting at the temperature of 730-. Wherein the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is 20 percent; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the content of alloy components, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at 200 ℃, then adding an industrial aluminum ingot, electrolytic copper, copper-containing alloy and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy into a medium-frequency electric furnace, heating to 620 ℃, preheating for 20min, heating to melt, adding silicon, magnesium and titanium-aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 5min, adding the residual aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 15min, adding a composite reinforcing material into the medium-frequency electric furnace, smelting for 10min, and performing injection molding and die casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast bar crude product;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 20s at the temperature of 525 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Wherein, before the injection molding and the die casting in the step 1), the mold is preheated at 180 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 82MPa in the die casting process, and the pressure maintaining time is 35 s; the step 2) medium gradient heating and cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of firstly carrying out equal gradient heating to 500 ℃ at a time of 20 ℃/h, carrying out heat preservation for 15h, then carrying out equal gradient cooling to 480 ℃ at a time of 10 ℃/h, and carrying out heat preservation for 5 h; then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ by 30 ℃/h twice equal gradient, the temperature is kept for 10h, then the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ by 10 ℃/h twice equal gradient, and the temperature is kept for 10 h; the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 15 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
Example 4:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.05% of Si, 0.77% of Mg, 1.2% of Cu, 0.35% of Mn, 0.12% of Ti, 0.15% of Sc, 0.02% of Te, less than 0.25% of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Also comprises 1.2 percent of composite reinforcing material. The composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing a mixture of alkali-free glass fibers and magnesium borate whiskers in a mass ratio of 1:0.6, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fibers and the magnesium borate whiskers accounts for 8% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fibers is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whiskers is 11-13.
The preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 50min at a constant temperature of 70 ℃, taking out and drying by hot air at 60 ℃ for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 10min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 1h at 100 ℃ in an/Ar mixed atmosphere for later use; and after the pure aluminum ingot is subjected to hot melting, adding the dried alkali-free glass fiber into the pure aluminum ingot, performing hot melting at the temperature of 730-. Wherein the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is20 percent; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the content of alloy components, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at 250 ℃, then adding an industrial aluminum ingot, electrolytic copper, copper-containing alloy and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy into a medium-frequency electric furnace, heating to 630 ℃, preheating for 20min, heating to melt, adding silicon, magnesium and titanium-aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding the residual aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 5min, adding a composite reinforcing material into the medium-frequency electric furnace, smelting for 15min, and performing injection molding and die casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast bar crude product;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 25s at the temperature of 520 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Wherein, before the injection molding and the die casting in the step 1), the mold is preheated at 200 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 80MPa in the die casting process, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; the step 2) medium gradient heating and cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of firstly carrying out equal gradient heating to 500 ℃ at a time of 20 ℃/h, carrying out heat preservation for 15h, then carrying out equal gradient cooling to 480 ℃ at a time of 10 ℃/h, and carrying out heat preservation for 5 h; then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ by 30 ℃/h twice equal gradient, the temperature is kept for 10h, then the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ by 10 ℃/h twice equal gradient, and the temperature is kept for 10 h; the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 15 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
Example 5:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.02% of Si, 0.86% of Mg, 1.3% of Cu, 0.46% of Mn, 0.14% of Ti, 0.1% of Sc, 0.015% of Te, less than 0.25% of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Also comprises 1.0 percent of composite reinforcing material. The composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing alkali-free glass fiber and magnesium borate whisker mixture in a mass ratio of 1:0.6, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fiber and the magnesium borate whisker accounts for 7% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fiber is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whisker is 11-13.
The preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 50min at a constant temperature of 60 ℃, taking out and drying by hot air at 60 ℃ for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 10min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 2h at 95 ℃ in a mixed atmosphere of/Ar for later use; and after the pure aluminum ingot is subjected to hot melting, adding the dried alkali-free glass fiber into the pure aluminum ingot, performing hot melting at the temperature of 730-. Wherein the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is 30 percent; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the content of alloy components, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at 250 ℃, then adding an industrial aluminum ingot, electrolytic copper, copper-containing alloy and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy into a medium-frequency electric furnace, heating to 650 ℃, preheating for 20min, heating to melt, adding silicon, magnesium and titanium-aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding the residual aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 5min, adding a composite reinforcing material into the medium-frequency electric furnace, smelting for 15min, and performing injection molding and die casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast bar crude product;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 20s at the temperature of 520 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Wherein, before the injection molding and the die casting in the step 1), the mold is preheated at 200 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 82MPa in the die casting process, and the pressure maintaining time is 35 s; the moderate gradient heating and cooling treatment in the step 2) is specifically that the temperature is increased to 500 ℃ in an equal gradient way at a time of 20 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 10h, then the temperature is decreased to 480 ℃ in an equal gradient way at a time of 10 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 10 h; then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ by 30 ℃/h twice equal gradient, the temperature is kept for 5h, then the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ by 10 ℃/h twice equal gradient, and the temperature is kept for 15 h; the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 15 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
Example 6:
a high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for a heavy truck hub comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.98% of Si, 0.82% of Mg, 1.4% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 0.12% of Ti, 0.22% of Sc, 0.03% of Te, less than 0.25% of Fe and the balance of Al; wherein the aluminum is from an industrial aluminum ingot; the tellurium is from a copper-tellurium alloy; the copper is selected from copper-tellurium alloy, electrolytic copper, copper-aluminum intermediate alloy; the other elements are derived from the corresponding aluminum-based master alloy.
Also comprises 1.0 percent of composite reinforcing material. The composite reinforcing material is an aluminum-based alloy containing alkali-free glass fiber and magnesium borate whisker mixture in a mass ratio of 1:0.6, and the mixture of the alkali-free glass fiber and the magnesium borate whisker accounts for 10% of the mass of the aluminum-based alloy, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the alkali-free glass fiber is 6.5-7, and the length-diameter ratio of the magnesium borate whisker is 11-13.
The preparation method of the composite reinforcing material comprises the steps of firstly taking materials according to the mass, then placing the alkali-free glass fiber into an N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide aqueous solution, oscillating for 30min at the constant temperature of 75 ℃, taking out and drying by hot air at the temperature of 60 ℃ for later use; putting the magnesium borate whisker into a ceramic diamond grinding wheel, grinding for 20min, taking out, and putting into N2Carrying out heat treatment for 2h at 100 ℃ in an/Ar mixed atmosphere for later use;and after the pure aluminum ingot is subjected to hot melting, adding the dried alkali-free glass fiber into the pure aluminum ingot, performing hot melting at the temperature of 730-. Wherein the mass fraction of N-methylolacrylamide in the N-methylolacrylamide aqueous solution is 30 percent; said N is2N in mixed Ar atmosphere2Volume ratio to Ar 0.2: 0.5.
the preparation method of the high-strength pressure-resistant aluminum alloy cast rod for the heavy truck hub comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: taking raw materials according to the content of alloy components, drying and dehydrating the raw materials at 200 ℃, then adding an industrial aluminum ingot, electrolytic copper, copper-containing alloy and aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy into a medium-frequency electric furnace, heating to 630 ℃, preheating for 20min, heating to melt, adding silicon, magnesium and titanium-aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding the residual aluminum intermediate alloy into the medium-frequency electric furnace, refining for 10min, adding a composite reinforcing material into the medium-frequency electric furnace, smelting for 15min, and performing injection molding and die casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast bar crude product;
2) homogenizing: heating the crude aluminum alloy cast rod to 440 ℃, and then carrying out 2 times of gradient temperature rise and drop treatment at 440-570 ℃ to obtain a homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod;
3) solid solution aging treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the homogenized aluminum alloy cast rod for 20s at the temperature of 520 ℃, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, and finally carrying out artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 160-140 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod finished product.
Wherein, before the injection molding and the die casting in the step 1), the mold is preheated at 200 ℃, the extrusion pressure is 80MPa in the die casting process, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; the step 2) medium gradient heating and cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of firstly carrying out equal gradient heating to 500 ℃ at a time of 20 ℃/h, carrying out heat preservation for 15h, then carrying out equal gradient cooling to 480 ℃ at a time of 10 ℃/h, and carrying out heat preservation for 5 h; then the temperature is increased to 570 ℃ by 30 ℃/h twice equal gradient, the temperature is kept for 10h, then the temperature is decreased to 530 ℃ by 10 ℃/h twice equal gradient, and the temperature is kept for 15 h; the water-cooling quenching temperature in the step 3) is 65 ℃ and the time is 15 s; the artificial aging treatment is to reduce the temperature from 160 ℃ to 140 ℃ per hour, namely to respectively and sequentially preserve the heat for 1h at 160 ℃, 155 ℃, 150 ℃ and 145 ℃.
The performance test of the aluminum alloy cast rod prepared by the embodiment of the invention is carried out, and the data is as follows:
|
tensile strength, MPa
|
Yield strength, MPa
|
Hardness, HB
|
Elongation percentage of%
|
Example 1
|
414
|
367
|
124
|
11.5
|
Example 2
|
426
|
377
|
126
|
10.5
|
Example 3
|
418
|
369
|
125
|
11.4
|
Example 4
|
432
|
382
|
128
|
10.3
|
Example 5
|
425
|
376
|
126
|
10.5
|
Example 6
|
436
|
385
|
129
|
10.0 |
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.