CN1886246A - 具有蜗杆传动机构和液压支架的注射单元 - Google Patents

具有蜗杆传动机构和液压支架的注射单元 Download PDF

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CN1886246A
CN1886246A CNA2004800348847A CN200480034884A CN1886246A CN 1886246 A CN1886246 A CN 1886246A CN A2004800348847 A CNA2004800348847 A CN A2004800348847A CN 200480034884 A CN200480034884 A CN 200480034884A CN 1886246 A CN1886246 A CN 1886246A
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injecting unit
pump
hydraulic cylinder
screw rod
worm
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CN100544934C (zh
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约尔格·丹图格拉伯尔
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Bosch Rexroth AG
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    • B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/024—Installations or systems with accumulators used as a supplementary power source, e.g. to store energy in idle periods to balance pump load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
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    • B29C45/50—Axially movable screw
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/5008—Drive means therefor
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    • B29C2945/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
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Abstract

公开的是一种用于注射模塑机的注射单元(1)，包括可以借助于蜗杆传动机构(18)驱动的螺杆(4)。蜗杆传动机构(18)的驱动通过电动机(6)实现。另外，通过液压缸(38)沿轴向作用的力传输到注射单元(1)的螺杆上。根据本发明，电动机(6)驱动泵(48、68)，从而液压缸(38)的压力空间(44)被供应的压力介质比活塞(36)轴向位移时所要求的更多。

Description

具有蜗杆传动机构和液压支架的注射单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的具有蜗杆传动机构和液压支架的注射单元。
背景技术
在过去，具有相当高的合型力的注射模塑机设计有液压启动的注射单元和关闭单元。最近，存在一种将至少部分液压传动单元通过例如蜗杆传动机构的电动操纵的传动单元替代的趋势。
从DE 101 35 516 A1中已知一种用于注射模塑机的注射单元，其中在加热的圆筒内螺杆以可转动和可轴向移动的方式被引导。螺杆通过蜗杆传动机构驱动，其中蜗杆与螺杆同轴设置并且由电动机驱动。此外螺杆配置有液压缸，该液压缸的底部缸空间与泵或者箱连接。该泵通过另一个电动机操纵。为了输送和塑化塑料颗粒，蜗杆通过第一所述的电动机驱动，其中蜗杆螺母以可转动并且轴向不可移动的方式安装并且一起转动。塑料颗粒被熔融，借助于螺杆输送，并且通过在圆筒中的螺杆前面构成的背压，螺杆沿轴向方向向后，离开注射单元的浇铸套运动。该背压根据预定的压力曲线通过液压缸和与该液压缸相关的节流阀的合适的调整进行调节。在该分配和塑化过程之后，为了注射造型材料螺杆沿轴向方向移动。因此，蜗杆螺母借助于制动器固定并且使电动机的转向反向，所以蜗杆向前，朝着圆筒的注射喷嘴运动。在这种情况下通过飞轮防止螺杆的一起转动。那么通过螺杆的轴向移动，塑料材料通过圆筒的注射喷嘴(封闭的喷嘴)被注射到模具的腔中。在这种情况下螺杆的该轴向移动通过液压缸的控制支持，该液压缸的缸空间通过所述的泵供应液压介质。在这种解决方案中的缺点是，泵和蜗杆传动机构要求显著的装置技术和控制技术的费用。
从DE 101 04 109中已知一种注射单元，其具有与前面所述解决方案相似的结构。也就是说，在该解决方案中同样要求用于控制泵传动机构(pumpenantrieb)和蜗杆传动机构费用。
在DE 102 39 591中描述一种注射单元，其中为了分配和塑化螺杆通过电动机驱动。螺杆的轴向移动以传统的方式借助于液压缸实现，其中电动机驱动泵，从而能够使液压蓄能器增压，该液压蓄能器与作为差动油缸的液压油缸的两个压力空间连接。该解决方案的一个缺点在于，螺杆的操纵以传统的方式借助于液压油缸实现。
在EP 0 760 277 A1中公开了一种注射单元，其中为了塑化和分配螺杆通过第一传动机构是可转动的。轴向移动借助于在螺杆的齿条上作用的小齿轮实现，该小齿轮通过单独的电动机驱动。此外螺杆连接于液压缸，从而在塑化期间可以控制背压。液压缸在注射过程期间也作用在螺杆上。用于驱动小齿轮的电动机也驱动泵，从而压力存储器被加载，液压缸的一个压力空间连接于该压力存储器。同样该解决方案要求显著的装置技术费用并且专利说明书不包含下面的暗示，即通过液压缸在塑化期间可以调节背压。
发明内容
与之相反本发明以这样的任务为基础，即提供一种注射单元，从而可以以最小的装置技术费用控制塑化加工和注射。
该任务被具有权利要求1特征部分的注射单元完成。
根据本发明，该注射单元具有螺杆，其借助于蜗杆传动机构驱动以分配造型材料。此外蜗杆配置有液压缸，其又可以沿轴向方向作用在螺杆上。根据本发明，液压缸通过泵装置供应压力介质，该泵通过用于驱动蜗杆传动机构的电机驱动。该泵装置如此设计，使得为了调节在螺杆上作用的压力液压缸被供应的压力介质比必需的多。
根据本发明的一个有利的扩展方案，多余量能够通过可调节的节流阀引入到箱中或者用于使液压蓄能器增压。也就是说，例如通过节流阀的调整在塑化期间也可以调节背压。
在本发明的一个变型中，泵装置构造为活塞泵，该活塞泵的柱状活塞由蜗杆布置操纵，该蜗杆布置又由蜗杆传动机构的电机驱动。
在该变型中，蜗杆布置通过联轴器与电机连接，所以例如为了塑化脱离联轴器并且在注射时接合联轴器，所以电动机的旋转运动转化为柱状活塞的轴向移动，所以螺杆的轴向通过建立的压力支持。在该解决方案中为了返回柱状活塞在电动机和蜗杆传动机构的驱动器之间设有另一个联轴器，其在返回时断开，所以柱状活塞与蜗杆传动机构无关地返回到它的基本位置。
对其中电动机通过联轴器与蜗杆传动机构和柱塞泵连接的前述实施例的备选，传统的泵装置能够直接由电机驱动，其中为了塑化控制旁通阀，从而控制旁通管道，从而泵的出口与箱连接，其中从液压缸中排出压力介质仅通过节流阀的作用确定。
根据本发明有利的是，在蜗杆布置和螺杆之间设有飞轮，该飞轮在注射过程期间如此作用，使得螺杆在不转动的情况下沿轴向方向移动。
蜗杆传动机构的蜗杆螺母有利地借助于制动器固定。
优选地，液压缸的环形空间连接于泵并且通过节流阀与箱或液压蓄能器连接。液压蓄能器的底部的缸空间优选地被施加以另一个液压蓄能器的不变的压力。
本发明的其它有利的扩展方案是另外一些从属权利要求的对象。
附图说明
下面参照示意性的附图详细说明本发明优选的实施例。附图表示：
图1是注射单元的一个优选实施例的示意图；以及
图2是包括柱塞泵的第二实施例的视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出电子液压驱动的注射模塑机的注射单元1的原理图。注射单元1具有可加热的圆筒，螺杆4可转动并且可轴向移动地容纳在该圆筒中。借助于电动机6实现螺杆4的转动驱动，该电动机通过小齿轮8，齿形皮带10以及齿轮12与螺杆4的从圆筒2中突出的端部14有效地连接。该齿轮12通过轴向轴承沿轴向方向固定并且通过一个或多个棱键16防扭地与螺杆4的端部14这样连接，使得螺杆可以相对于齿轮12轴向移动。
螺杆的端部14与蜗杆传动机构18连接，螺杆4通过该蜗杆传动机构可以沿轴向方向移动。
该蜗杆传动机构18具有蜗杆20，其通过轴向轴承22沿轴向方向支撑在注射单元1的框架24上。该框架24又通过未示出的导向元件安装在注射模塑机的机座上并且相对于该机座与注射单元一起通过未示出的液压或电子操纵元件可移动的，所以用于注射的注射单元1可以与模具的浇铸套26接触，该模具被夹紧到关闭单元的垫板上。
蜗杆20与蜗杆螺母28啮合，该蜗杆螺母在所示的实施例中构造为球形环形螺母。该蜗杆螺母28通过轴向轴承布置30沿轴向方向固定，所以蜗杆20相对于蜗杆螺母28沿轴向方向是可运动的。
蜗杆螺母28具有径向向外突出的盘形制动器形的制动凸缘32，制动器34接合在该制动凸缘上，以便固定蜗杆螺母28，所以防止它旋转。
另外，液压缸38的差动活塞36也支撑在框架24上。液压缸36的底部缸空间40与液压蓄能器42相连，而环形空间44通过压力管道46与泵48的压力连接管连接。泵48-如在图1中所示-同样通过电动机6驱动。在泵48和液压缸38之间设有沿朝向后者方向打开的止回阀50，该止回阀防止从液压缸38朝向泵48的液压介质流动。泵48的进气口通过进气管道52与能变形的封闭的箱54连接。排水管道56从压力管道46中分出来，并且通过可调节的节流阀58与箱54连接。
从止回阀50和泵48的连接管之间的管道部分中分出来其中设有旁通阀62的旁通管道60。
注射单元的功能如下：
为了塑化(造型材料的分配和熔融)电动机6被起动，旁通阀62位于它的所示的打开位置，所以由泵48供应的压力介质通过旁通管道60和旁通阀62以及进气管道52能够回流到箱54。通过齿形皮带传动装置(8、10、12)螺杆4的端部14进行转动，其中制动器32被松开，所以蜗杆螺母28在它的轴向固定位置进行旋转运动。通过螺杆4的转动，塑料颗粒从未示出的存储容器中被输送到圆筒2的内部并且在那里熔融并且被均质化。
然后熔融的造型材料通过螺杆4被输送到邻近于圆筒2的注射喷嘴64的装载空间。根据沿朝向该装载空间方向的施加到螺杆4上的力，背压自动调节。因此，螺杆4沿着箭头方向X向回移动。该沿X方向的轴向移动抵消液压缸38的减小的环形空间44的压力。
如前所述，该环形空间44通过压力管道46和可调节的节流阀58与箱54连接。通过节流阀58的节流截面的合适的调节，能够节流向箱54流动的压力介质，所以在圆筒2中可调节的背压根据预定的背压曲线通过改变节流阀58的有效的节流截面进行调节。
在造型材料的熔融和均质化之后，将在旁通管道60中旁通阀62设置在它的堵塞位置并且使电动机6反转，其中该转动方向相对于塑化是反转的。接合制动器34，所以防止蜗杆螺母30的转动。在这种情况下螺杆4不进行转动，因为在端部14和螺杆4之间设有一个飞轮，该飞轮在电动机6的该转动方向时变得有效。通过端部14的转动和与蜗杆螺母28的啮合，蜗杆20并且因此螺杆4沿着轴向方向朝着浇铸套26运动。该轴向移动通过液压缸38的作用支持，因为同样由电动机6驱动的泵48通过压力管道46将压力介质输送到环形空间中，所以该环形空间增大并且框架24与螺杆4一起在根据图1的视图中向左运动-熔融的造型材料被注射到模具(Werkzeug)的腔中。泵48如此设计，使得它输送的压力介质比为了环形空间44的轴向增大所必需的稍微多些。多余的压力介质量能够通过节流阀48的可变的横截面被引入到箱54中。也就是说，通过节流阀58的调节，可以改变液压缸38的沿螺杆4的轴向方向传输的力。
在注射造型材料之后，整个注射单元1又通过未示出的驱动单元(蜗杆传动机构，液压缸)返回到在图1中所示的基本位置并且从头开始循环(塑化，注射)。
在图2中示出本发明的另一个实施例。包括圆筒2，螺杆4，电动机6，齿形皮带传动装置8、10、12，以及蜗杆传动机构18和液压缸38的注射单元1的基本结构很大程度上相当于前面所述结构，所以关于这些元件的说明可以参考前面所述的描述。
在图2所示的实施例中，使用柱塞泵64代替泵48，该柱塞泵的柱状活塞66通过蜗杆布置68驱动。在这种情况下蜗杆螺母构成在防扭引导的柱状活塞66中。该蜗杆螺母与螺纹蜗杆70啮合，该蜗杆通过联轴器72与电动机6连接。在电动机6和小齿轮8之间设有另一个联轴器74。在图2中所示的实施例中使用液压蓄能器76代替弹性的箱54。柱塞泵64的连接管通过压力管道46与液压缸38的环形空间36连接。如在前面所述的实施例中，通向液压蓄能器76的排水管道56从压力导管46中分出来，可调节的节流阀58设置在该排水导管中。该注射单元1的功能如下：
可以设想的是，整个注射单元通过未示出的传动机构返回到一个位置，在该位置它不再贴靠在浇铸套26上。
为了塑化启动电机6，其中断开联轴器72并且连接联轴器74。因此螺杆4以前面所述的方式通过电动机6和齿形皮带传动装置8、10、12驱动。断开制动器34，所以蜗杆螺母28能够转动并且背压螺杆4向回移动，即在图2的视图中向右移动。如在前面所述的实施例中一样，背压能够通过节流阀58的合适调节进行调整，从而液压缸38的减小的环形空间36与液压蓄能器76连接。在造型材料的熔融和均质化之后，第一联轴器72接合，所以蜗杆布置68的蜗杆70被驱动并且向前移动注射单元1。在这种情况下电动机6的转动方向如此选择，使得柱状活塞66在根据图2的视图中向右运动，所以提供的压力介质比用于填充增大的环形空间36所要求的略微多一些。压力介质多余的量然后通过可调的节流阀58被导入到液压蓄能器76，所以后者被加载。接合制动器34，所以螺杆4通过蜗杆70与蜗杆螺母28的啮合并且通过液压缸38的支撑作用向右移动(图2)，并且造型材料通过与浇铸套26紧贴的(Verschlussduese)封闭的喷嘴被注射到腔中。
为了开始下一个循环，断开联轴器74，使电动机6的转动方向反转，所以蜗杆68同样沿相反的方向转动并且相应地柱状活塞66向外运动。与此同时或者之后，注射单元1向回运动，所以圆筒2从浇铸套26中升起-循环重新开始。
在运动的反转中蜗杆螺母也可以被驱动并且蜗杆沿轴向方向固定，其中那么蜗杆螺母与螺杆4连接。
公开的是一种用于注射模塑机的注射单元，包括可以借助于蜗杆传动机构驱动的螺杆。蜗杆传动机构的驱动通过电动机实现。另外，通过液压缸沿轴向作用的力传输到注射单元的螺杆上。根据本发明，电动机驱动泵，从而液压缸的压力腔可以被供应的压力介质比在液压缸的轴向位移时所要求的更多。
附图标记
1注射单元
2圆筒
4螺杆
6电动机
8小齿轮
10齿形皮带
12齿轮
14螺杆的端部
16棱键
18蜗杆传动机构
20蜗杆
22轴向轴承
24框架
26浇铸套
28蜗杆螺母
30轴向轴承布置
32制动凸缘
34制动器
36活塞
38液压缸
40缸空间
42液压蓄能器
44环形空间
46压力管道
48泵
50止回阀
52进气管道
54箱
56排水管道
58节流阀
60旁通管道
62旁通阀
64柱塞泵
66柱状活塞
68蜗杆布置
70螺纹蜗杆
72联轴器
74第二联轴器
76液压蓄能器

Claims (9)

1.一种注射模塑机的注射单元，具有螺杆(4)，该螺杆可借助于非自锁的由电机驱动的蜗杆传动机构(18)驱动，并且给该螺杆分配一个液压缸(38)用于产生作用在蜗杆传动机构(18)上的轴向力，其特征在于，电机(6)驱动泵装置(48、64)，从而液压缸(38)的第一压力空间(44)可被供应的压力介质比在液压缸的轴向移动时所必需的压力介质更多。
2.如权利要求1所述的注射单元，其中在泵布置(48、64)和液压缸(38)之间的压力管道(46)通过节流阀(58)与封闭的箱(54)连接或者通过液压蓄能器(76)连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的注射单元，其中泵布置(48)的出口可通过旁通阀(62)与箱(54)连接，所以液压缸(38)不通过泵(48)供应液压介质。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的注射单元，其中泵布置是活塞泵(64)，该活塞泵的柱状活塞(66)通过可由电机驱动的蜗杆布置(68)驱动。
5.如权利要求4所述的注射单元，其中蜗杆布置(68)可通过联轴器(72)与电机(6)连接。
6.如权利要求5所述的注射单元，其中电机(6)可通过另一个联轴器(74)与蜗杆传动机构(18)连接。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的注射单元，其中液压缸(38)的第二压力空间，即优选的底部缸空间(40)与液压蓄能器(42)连接。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的注射单元，其中螺杆(4)通过飞轮与蜗杆传动机构(14)连接。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的注射单元，其中蜗杆传动机构(18)的蜗杆螺母(28)可借助于在驱动蜗杆(20)对面的制动器(24)被固定。
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