CN1884700A - Bamboo bridge - Google Patents
Bamboo bridge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1884700A CN1884700A CN 200610031948 CN200610031948A CN1884700A CN 1884700 A CN1884700 A CN 1884700A CN 200610031948 CN200610031948 CN 200610031948 CN 200610031948 A CN200610031948 A CN 200610031948A CN 1884700 A CN1884700 A CN 1884700A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- bamboo
- girder
- bridge
- diaphragm
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001046 anti-mould Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002546 antimould Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a bamboo bridge, which comprises a support element, a bamboo main beam, a bamboo baffle beam and a bridge panel, wherein the bamboo main beam is mounted on the support; the bamboo baffle beam is mounted between two opposite bamboo main beams; the bridge panel is laid above the bamboo baffle beam. The invention has simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the bridge field, refer in particular to a kind of bamboo bridge applicable to Selection of Urban Pedestrian Overpass and common bridge.
Background technology
Need a large amount of middle-size and small-size common bridges in city, rural area and the gardens, for example, the pedestrian overcrossing of representing as the typical case is exactly means of transportation very common and important in the city, for realizing that human and vehicle shunting and traffic safety are extremely important.Now, almost every city all has the pedestrian overcrossing of One's name is legion on the traffic main artery, and along with the development in city, will have more pedestrian overcrossing input to build and use.The pedestrian overcrossing of having built at present, substructure is generally prefabricated steel column or reinforced concrete post, superstructure generally has two kinds of forms, a kind of is steel work, girder and diaphragm are welded steel beam or section steel beam, lay the steel bridge deck above, adopt bolt to be connected or field Welding between girder and the diaphragm; Another kind is a steel-concrete combined structure, girder is a girder steel, the girder steel top flange is provided with profiled sheet, smash a layer concrete at the profiled sheet top-pour again and form bridge floor, girder steel and bridge deck form whole co-operation by shear connector, and this structure makes full use of the advantage of steel and two kinds of materials of concrete.For the pedestrian overcrossing of these two kinds of common structure forms, major advantage is as follows:
1. deadweight is lighter.Because superstructure adopts steel work or steel-concrete combined structure, reduce greatly than traditional reinforced concrete structure and prestressed reinforced concrete construction deadweight, therefore, when the pedestrian overcrossing span was identical, the beam section height can reduce.Simultaneously, also be beneficial to on-the-spot the installation from heavy and light.For steel work, the deadweight of the form of compound beam increases to some extent, but this form of structure bridge floor rigidity is big, and rolled steel dosage reduces, and cost reduces, and is a good selection under many circumstances.
2. the construction period is short.Steel column or reinforced concrete post can be prefabricated, and superstructure is a steel work, and girder steel, diaphragm and bridge deck can adopt prefabrication, and on-the-spot the installation if girder steel adopts bolt to be connected with diaphragm, can also be avoided the welding effect, and speed of application is faster.If superstructure is a combining structure, girder steel, profiled sheet and shear connector can be carried out in factory, lifting at the scene again, and last fluid concrete forms bridge floor, and speed of application is also very fast.
No matter be to adopt steel work or combining structure, pedestrian overcrossing of having built and common middle-size and small-size bridge mainly have the following disadvantages:
1. corrosion-resistant.No matter be steel work or combining structure, its main supporting member all is a girder steel.At present, each big or middle urban air-quality of China is relatively poor, and acid rain is serious, causes the girder steel corrosion more serious.The application life of pedestrian overcrossing has been shortened in the corrosion of girder steel greatly, has also strengthened the maintenance cost of overline bridge.In addition, the corrosion of girder steel has also destroyed the attractive in appearance of overline bridge, has influenced city look and feel.
2. not environmental protection of constructional materials itself.No matter be steel or cement, all belong to the product of high energy consumption, high pollution industry in China.Technology and equipment that China produces steel and cement are comparatively backward, and the environmental protection equipment of factory is imperfection also, and steel and Cement Production need consume a large amount of energy, produce a large amount of waste water, waste gas and waste residue simultaneously, have had a strong impact on ecological environment.In the today of advocating sustainable development energetically, " green building " selection that is inevitable, it is unfavorable continuing to adopt steel and cement to build pedestrian overcrossing as main constructional materials, needs to adopt material novel, greenization to build pedestrian overcrossing.
3, existing steel bridge cost is higher, and the construction period of Reinforced Concrete Bridge is longer, and higher not interrupted with traffic under the maintenance bridge to construction requirement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention just is: at the technical problem that prior art exists, the invention provides the bamboo bridge that a kind of simple in structure, easy construction, construction material environmental protection, engineering cost are lower, can satisfy function of use and durability requirement simultaneously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the solution that the present invention proposes is: a kind of bamboo bridge, it is characterized in that: it comprises supporter, bamboo girder, bamboo diaphragm and bridge deck, bamboo girder is installed on the supporter, bamboo diaphragm is located between the bamboo girder that is oppositely arranged, and bridge deck are layed on the bamboo diaphragm.
The bottom of described bamboo girder is provided with back-up coat, and back-up coat is fiber-reinforced plastic layer, carbon fibre reinforced plastic layer or glass fiber reinforced plastics layer.
Link to each other by connector between described bamboo diaphragm and the bamboo girder.
Described connector is a cornerite iron, and an end of cornerite links to each other with bamboo girder, and the other end links to each other with bamboo diaphragm.
Described bamboo girder and bamboo diaphragm adopt the bamboo offset plate to make.
Described supporter is reinforced concrete post, bamboo concrete post, steel column, pin or bamboo post.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention just is:
1, the raw material source is wide, renewable.Among the present invention, the superstructure of bamboo bridge adopts bamboo wood, and bamboo is a renewable resource, fast growth, the cycle of becoming a useful person is short, and output is big, and the bamboo wood source is secure, what is more important, bamboo wood is a green material, and its manufacturing process environmental protection is pollution-free, meets the requirement of sustainable development;
2, the present invention adopts bamboo beam system to make the superstructure of bridge from heavy and light, easy construction.The main material of bamboo bridge is the bamboo fibre of hollow, and density is little, and therefore, the bamboo beam is conducted oneself with dignity much smaller than girder steel and compound beam.Simultaneously, adopt the bamboo offset plate to make the bamboo girder construction, can dig, can saw, can bore by the resin-bonded bamboo beam that forms, easy to process.The tensile strength of bamboo wood is not as steel, therefore, the present invention is provided with back-up coat in bamboo girder bottom, back-up coat has very high specific strength and specific stiffness, can not increase the bamboo girder construction is conducted oneself with dignity, do not influenced provides bamboo bridge significantly under the condition of bamboo girder construction outward appearance bearing capacity substantially, increasing the span of bamboo bridge.Adopt the bamboo girder construction, the used member of superstructure can be prefabricated in the factory, the on-the-spot installation, and not wet effect and welding, technology is simple, and speed of application is fast.
3, good looking appearance, good endurance.Bamboo wood can be the true qualities of bamboo wood through after processing, and also can carry out multiple mode as required and handle rich color.Simultaneously, the neat appearance of bamboo girder construction, surface smoothing, elegant in appearance.The main material of bamboo girder construction is the bamboo offset plate, the anti-mould and anti-moth of bamboo offset plate own, and ageing properties is good, and is also acidproof, corrosion-resistant after the processing well-thought-out plan girder construction, the corrosion problems of steel can not occur, and maintenance cost is low.
4, the bridge superstructure of employing bamboo wood of the present invention can be erected on the bearing of bridge end, or lower support body fastens, and the lower support system can adopt, reinforcing bar (or bamboo reinforcement) concrete column, and steel column is on wood or the bamboo post.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is master's TV structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section of the bamboo girder of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the connection diagram of bamboo girder and diaphragm in the embodiment of the invention.
Marginal data
1, bamboo girder 2, bamboo diaphragm
3, connector 4, back-up coat
5, bridge deck 6, expansion bolt
7, screw rod 8, supporter
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, a kind of bamboo bridge of the present invention, it comprises supporter 8, bamboo girder 1, bamboo diaphragm 2 and bridge deck 5, bamboo girder 1 is installed on the supporter 8, bamboo diaphragm 2 is located between the bamboo girder 1 that is oppositely arranged, and bridge deck 5 are layed on the bamboo diaphragm 2.Supporter 8 can be reinforced concrete post, bamboo concrete post, steel column, pin or bamboo post.Bamboo girder 1 and supporter 8 are connected by bolt, and can further at supporter 8 and 1 of bamboo girder shock isolating pedestal be set.Bamboo girder 1 and bamboo diaphragm 2 adopt the bamboo offset plate to make, and the bamboo offset plate cuts into normalized strip, and strip is superimposed along depth of beam or width, adopt the resin-bonded bamboo beam that the bamboo girder construction is used that becomes between strip.In the manufacturing process of bamboo offset plate, at first bamboo wood steams through high-temperature high-pressure, the sterilization dehumidifying, the bamboo wood impregnated phenolic resin is hot-forming at last then, so the anti-mould and anti-moth of bamboo offset plate own, ageing properties is good, also acidproof, corrosion-resistant behind the processing well-thought-out plan beam, the corrosion problems of steel can not appear, and maintenance cost is low.The bottom of bamboo girder 1 is provided with back-up coat 4, back-up coat 4 is fiber-reinforced plastic layer (FRP), carbon fibre reinforced plastic layer (CFRP) or glass fiber reinforced plastics layer (GFRP), can increase the span of bamboo bridge not increasing the bamboo bridge dead load substantially, not influencing the bearing capacity that bamboo bridge is provided under the condition of bamboo bridge outward appearance significantly like this.Link to each other by connector 3 between bamboo diaphragm 2 and the bamboo girder 1.In the present embodiment, connector 3 is a cornerite, and an end of angle bar links to each other with bamboo girder 1 by expansion bolt 6, and the other end links to each other with bamboo diaphragm 2 by screw rod 7.
Job practices: factory according to drawing with various element precasts good after, install at the scene of being transported to.After installing supporter 8, lift bamboo girder 1, bamboo girder 1 is connected with supporter 8 usefulness bolts.Steel connector 3 is fixed on the side of bamboo girder 1 with expansion bolt 6.Lift bamboo diaphragm 2 then, bamboo diaphragm 2 is connected with bamboo girder 1 with split bolt 7.Bridge deck 5 are installed at last, and bridge deck 5 can adopt steel connector 3 to be connected with bamboo diaphragm 2.In an example, concrete working procedure is as follows:
1, the size of bamboo girder 1 and bamboo diaphragm 2 is installed, the bamboo offset plate behind the 40mm is cut into 600 * 3000,600 * 1500 or 400 * 1200,400 * 600 strip;
2, the strip broad ways is overlapped into corresponding deck-siding, epoxy resin-impregnated between strip, and along the side direction cure under pressure, solidified 7 days under the room temperature;
3, bamboo girder 1 after the moulding and bamboo diaphragm 2 are dug, processing such as brill, make finished product;
4, used member is transported to on-the-spot the installation, at first supporter 8, i.e. bridge post are installed in the location;
5, the bamboo girder 1 of lifting;
6, connector 3 is installed, is lifted bamboo diaphragm 2;
7, bridge deck 5, stair and handrail are installed, are decorated bridge.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of bamboo bridge, it is characterized in that: it comprises supporter (8), bamboo girder (1), bamboo diaphragm (2) and bridge deck (5), bamboo girder (1) is installed on the supporter (8), bamboo diaphragm (2) is located between the bamboo girder (1) that is oppositely arranged, and bridge deck (5) are layed on the bamboo diaphragm (2).
2, bamboo bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bottom of described bamboo girder (1) is provided with back-up coat (4), and back-up coat (4) is carbon fibre reinforced plastic layer or glass fiber reinforced plastics layer for fiber-reinforced plastic layer.
3, bamboo bridge according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: link to each other by connector (3) between described bamboo diaphragm (2) and the bamboo girder (1).
4, bamboo bridge according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described connector (3) is a cornerite, and an end of cornerite links to each other with bamboo girder (1), and the other end links to each other with bamboo diaphragm (2).
5, bamboo bridge according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described bamboo girder (1) and bamboo diaphragm (2) adopt the bamboo offset plate to make.
6, bamboo bridge according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described bamboo girder (1) and bamboo diaphragm (2) adopt the bamboo offset plate to make.
7, bamboo bridge according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described supporter (8) is reinforced concrete post, bamboo concrete post, steel column, pin or bamboo post.
8, bamboo bridge according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described supporter (8) is reinforced concrete post, bamboo concrete post, steel column, pin or bamboo post.
9, bamboo bridge according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described supporter (8) is reinforced concrete post, bamboo concrete post, steel column, pin or bamboo post.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100319489A CN100510262C (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Bamboo bridge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100319489A CN100510262C (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Bamboo bridge |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1884700A true CN1884700A (en) | 2006-12-27 |
| CN100510262C CN100510262C (en) | 2009-07-08 |
Family
ID=37582999
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100319489A Expired - Fee Related CN100510262C (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Bamboo bridge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100510262C (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102121220A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-07-13 | 申昌均 | Combined shock-resistant energy-saving multifunctional multi-layer three-dimensional traffic highway |
| CN103498412A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-08 | 中北大学 | Novel energy-saving bamboo bridge |
| CN104594175A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-05-06 | 重庆交通大学 | Modern arch type bamboo bridge and construction method thereof |
| CN104631327A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 重庆交通大学 | Construction method for modern bamboo pedestrian truss bridge |
| CN106316238A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-11 | 上海轩颂建筑科技有限公司 | Method for preparing modified bamboo reinforced concrete |
| CN106544948A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-03-29 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of people's row cantilever glider bridge construction method |
| CN106638255A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 重庆交通大学 | Modern bamboo pedestrian cantilever beam bridge |
| CN111733661A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 河海大学 | Wetland and saline-alkali soil pedestrian path and construction method thereof |
| CN112049014A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-08 | 安徽东方风景建设有限公司 | Construction process of wooden trestle |
| CN112482186A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-12 | 中南林业科技大学 | High-strength glued wood beam bridge convenient to manufacture and construct and manufacturing and construction method thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103437271B (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-05-21 | 赵炜 | Assembly type bamboo bridge |
| CN103452035B (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-11-05 | 赵炜 | Assembly type bamboo bridge with variable expansion coefficients |
-
2006
- 2006-07-12 CN CNB2006100319489A patent/CN100510262C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102121220A (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2011-07-13 | 申昌均 | Combined shock-resistant energy-saving multifunctional multi-layer three-dimensional traffic highway |
| CN103498412A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-08 | 中北大学 | Novel energy-saving bamboo bridge |
| CN103498412B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-09-10 | 中北大学 | Novel energy-saving bamboo bridge |
| CN104594175A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-05-06 | 重庆交通大学 | Modern arch type bamboo bridge and construction method thereof |
| CN104631327A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 重庆交通大学 | Construction method for modern bamboo pedestrian truss bridge |
| CN106316238A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-01-11 | 上海轩颂建筑科技有限公司 | Method for preparing modified bamboo reinforced concrete |
| CN106544948A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-03-29 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of people's row cantilever glider bridge construction method |
| CN106638255A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 重庆交通大学 | Modern bamboo pedestrian cantilever beam bridge |
| CN106638255B (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2018-03-09 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of modern bamboo figure's row cantilever glider bridge |
| CN111733661A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 河海大学 | Wetland and saline-alkali soil pedestrian path and construction method thereof |
| CN112049014A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-08 | 安徽东方风景建设有限公司 | Construction process of wooden trestle |
| CN112482186A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-12 | 中南林业科技大学 | High-strength glued wood beam bridge convenient to manufacture and construct and manufacturing and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100510262C (en) | 2009-07-08 |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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Owner name: CHANGSHA KAISEN BAMBOO NEW TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: HUNAN UNIVERSITY Effective date: 20100329 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 410082 CIVIL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HUNAN UNIVERSITY, HEXI YUELU MOUNTAIN, CHANGSHA CITY, HUNAN PROVINCE TO: 410013 BUILDING R6, HUOJUCHENG, CHANGSHA CITY HIGH-TECH DEVELOPMENT ZONE, HUNAN PROVINCE |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20100329 Address after: 410013 high tech Development Zone, Hunan, Changsha torch city building R6 Patentee after: Changsha kaisen Bamboo Wood New Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410082 School of civil engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hexi, Hunan, China Patentee before: Hunan University |
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| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20170117 Address after: Yuelu District City, Hunan province 410013 Changsha sunshine 100 3-15-1103 Patentee after: Dan Bo Address before: 410013 high tech Development Zone, Hunan, Changsha torch city building R6 Patentee before: Changsha kaisen Bamboo Wood New Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20090708 Termination date: 20180712 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |