CN1876866A - Hybrid particles reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid particles reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sophisticated-particle reinforced aluminium-basis composite, in which the component and percentage by weight is: 4.5-13.0% silicon, 0-1.5% magnesium,0-1.5% copper,0-1.5% nickel,5.0-20.0% carbofrax,5.0-10.0% titanium boride and other is aluminum. The process for preparing is as follows: melting aluminum ingot in copple then blanketing flux with covering agent; after the heat preservation of aluminum flux, adding the dried titanium potassium fluoride and boron potassium fluoride mixed salts and adequately mixing, and scooping out the reaction product of mixed salts after the reaction; adding calcium acetylide/ aluminum composite in flux and mixing it after it fully melts, afterwards adding silicon or silicon and magnesium, or silicon, magnesium, aluminum-copper and aluminum- nickel or silicon, magnesium and aluminum-copper to adjust chemical composition, and pouring-in ingot after storage. The carbofrax and titanium boride particles of this invention dispersedly distributes in base, which not only can solve the defect that big carbofrax particle can easily deposit, but also can solve the defect that single titanium boride particle reinforced aluminium-basis composite has a low elastic modulus, and the material performance can be further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metal-base composites technical field, be in particular a kind of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Traditional aluminum matrix composite all is enhanced granule to be applied in the aluminum substrate singlely or single enhanced granule to be generated in aluminum substrate, all there is obvious defects in these two kinds of methods, for example: enhanced granule is applied to the method in the aluminum substrate because enhanced granule is subjected to action of gravity generation sedimentation in preparation and casting process singlely, make particle skewness in matrix material, influenced the performance of aluminum matrix composite; The method that enhanced granule is generated in aluminum substrate is few owing to enhanced granule content, is difficult to the aluminum matrix composite of preparation high elastic coefficient.The miscellaneous granules reinforced composite that the method that combines with reaction in and stirring casting prepares can improve the deficiency of single method preparation, and various strongthener different propertiess can be replenished mutually, produces to mix effect, further improves the performance of material.
Find that by prior art documents Zhao Degang etc. are in " casting " 2004,53 (2): the " (TiB that delivers on the 97-100
2+ SiC)/and the preparation and the mechanical property thereof of ZL109 matrix material ", this article has been introduced with stirring casting and the synthetic method that combines of original position and has been prepared (TiB
2+ SiC)/the ZL109 matrix material, this mixes reinforced composite and increases on hardness and intensity than single phase reinforced composite, but because their prepared less (4%SiC+2%TiB of composite material granular content
2), do not embody TiB
2Particle is to the restraining effect of SiC particles settling, and the more single phase reinforced composite materials of Young's modulus that does not also embody material has raising significantly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules and preparation method thereof is provided, make its low and uneven defective of size distribution of Young's modulus that has solved particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material existence in the past, SiC and TiB
2Particle disperse in matrix distributes, and has both solved the easy settled defective of big SiC particle, has solved single TiB again
2The defective that the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material Young's modulus is not high is improved the performance of material further.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material of the present invention, and its composition and weight percent are: Si 4.5-13.0%, Mg 0-1.5%, Cu 0-1.5%, Ni 0-1.5%, SiC5.0-20.0%, TiB
25.0-10.0%, all the other are Al.
The above-mentioned aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules of the present invention is to prepare by the method that the reaction salt method original position generates and stirring casting combines, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) aluminium ingot is melted the back in crucible and cover melt with insulating covering agent;
(2) molten aluminium insulation back adds the K of drying
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt and fully stirring, reaction is scooped out the mixing salt reaction product after finishing;
(3) in melt, add the SiC/Al matrix material, treat that its all stirs the fusing back, add Si or Si, Mg or Si, Mg, Al-Cu, Al-Ni or Si then, Mg, Al-Cu adjust chemical ingredients, pour into ingot mould after leaving standstill, and promptly obtain SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.
In the inventive method, described insulating covering agent comprises villaumite and villiaumite, and wherein villaumite is KCl, NaCl, MgCl
2, MgCl
2KCl, villiaumite are Na
2SiF
6, Na
3AlF
6, NaF, KF, these villaumites and villiaumite use separately or any several mixing is used.
In the step (1), the aluminium ingot temperature of fusion is between 680 ℃-750 ℃.
In the step (2), mixing salt K
2TiF
6, KBF
4Both mass ratioes satisfy Ti: the atomic quantity ratio of B is 1: 2, and mixing salt adds temperature between 680 ℃-900 ℃, and mixing salt was 150 ℃-250 ℃ insulation oven dry 2-5 hour.Stirring velocity is 200-400rpm, and churning time is 10-30min, 680 ℃-900 ℃ of whipping temps.
In the step (3), the temperature that adds the SiC/Al matrix material is between 700 ℃-750 ℃, and stirring velocity is 200-400rpm, and churning time is 5-10min, 700 ℃-750 ℃ of whipping temps.The melt dwell temperature is between 680 ℃-750 ℃, and time of repose is 10-30min.
The preparation of method that technology utilization reaction in of the present invention and stirring casting combine mix reinforced composite, SiC and TiB
2The particle surface cleaning combines well with aluminum substrate.The SiC particulate adds the Young's modulus that has increased substantially matrix material, and TiB
2Particulate exists, can greatly suppress the SiC particle in molten aluminium sedimentation, make it in matrix material, to be evenly distributed, for the preparation high performance composite are laid a good foundation.
Embodiment
Provide following example in conjunction with content of the present invention, the present invention done further understanding:
Embodiment 1
Prepared composition is Si 7.0%, and Mg 0.3%, and SiC 5%, TiB
25%, all the other are the miscellaneous granules reinforced composite of aluminium, and process is as follows:
Aluminium ingot fusing back adds KCl, NaCl, Na
3AlF
6Insulating covering agent covers, thermometric after the fusion, and temperature reaches 900 ℃, adds through 2 hours K of 250 ℃ of insulation oven dry
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt, with the stirring velocity stirring 10min of whipping appts with 400rpm, whipping temp is 900 ℃, scoops out the mixing salt reaction product.After treating that temperature drops to 720 ℃, add the SiC/Al matrix material, all the fusing back is with the stirring velocity stirring 5min of 400rpm to treat it, and whipping temp is 720 ℃.After adding Si, Mg adjustment chemical ingredients, after 750 ℃ leave standstill 10min, pour in the stretching die, promptly get SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.Observe the metallographic structure of matrix material and find that particle is evenly distributed in tissue, do not produce big macrosegregation and microsegregation; By the mechanical property of test through the tensile test bar of T6 processing, the tensile strength that draws material is 315MPa, and Young's modulus is 83GPa.
Embodiment 2
Prepared composition is Si 12.0%, and Mg 1.5%, and Cu 1.0%, and Ni 1.5%, and SiC 10%, TiB
210%, all the other are the miscellaneous granules reinforced composite of aluminium, and process is as follows:
Aluminium ingot fusing back adds KF, MgCl
2The KCl insulating covering agent covers, thermometric after the fusion, and temperature reaches 790 ℃, adds through 3.5 hours K of 200 ℃ of insulation oven dry
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt, with the stirring velocity stirring 20min of whipping appts with 300rpm, whipping temp is 790 ℃, scoops out the mixing salt reaction product.After treating that temperature drops to 750 ℃, add the SiC/Al matrix material, all the fusing back is with the stirring velocity stirring 10min of 200rpm to treat it, and whipping temp is 750 ℃.After adding Si, Mg, Cu, Ni adjustment chemical ingredients, after 730 ℃ leave standstill 20min, pour in the stretching die, promptly get SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.Observe the metallographic structure of matrix material and find that particle is evenly distributed in tissue, do not produce big macrosegregation and microsegregation; By the mechanical property of test through the tensile test bar of T6 processing, the tensile strength that draws material is 290MPa, and Young's modulus is 105GPa.
Embodiment 3
Prepared composition is Si 4.5%, and Mg 0.45%, and Cu 1.5%, and SiC 20%, TiB
210%, all the other are the miscellaneous granules reinforced composite of aluminium, and process is as follows:
Aluminium ingot fusing back adds MgCl
2, Na
2SiF
6, the NaF insulating covering agent covers, thermometric after the fusion, temperature reaches 750 ℃, adds through 5 hours K of 150 ℃ of insulation oven dry
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt, with the stirring velocity stirring 30min of whipping appts with 200rpm, whipping temp is 750 ℃, scoops out the mixing salt reaction product.After treating that temperature drops to 730 ℃, add the SiC/Al matrix material, all the fusing back is with the stirring velocity stirring 10min of 300rpm to treat it, and whipping temp is 730 ℃.After adding Si, Mg, Cu adjustment chemical ingredients, after 680 ℃ leave standstill 30min, pour in the stretching die, promptly get SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.Observe the metallographic structure of matrix material and find that particle is evenly distributed in tissue, do not produce big macrosegregation and microsegregation; By the mechanical property of test through the tensile test bar of T6 processing, the tensile strength that draws material is 275MPa, and Young's modulus is 120GPa.
Embodiment 4
Prepared composition is Si 13.0%, and SiC 10%, TiB
25%, all the other are the miscellaneous granules reinforced composite of aluminium, and process is as follows:
Aluminium ingot fusing back adds KF, NaCl, Na
2SiF
6Insulating covering agent covers, thermometric after the fusion, and temperature reaches 850 ℃, adds through 4 hours K of 200 ℃ of insulation oven dry
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt, with the stirring velocity stirring 20min of whipping appts with 300rpm, whipping temp is 800 ℃, scoops out the mixing salt reaction product.After treating that temperature drops to 720 ℃, add the SiC/Al matrix material, all the fusing back is with the stirring velocity stirring 10min of 300rpm to treat it, and whipping temp is 720 ℃.After adding Si adjustment chemical ingredients, after 730 ℃ leave standstill 20min, pour in the stretching die, promptly get SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.Observe the metallographic structure of matrix material and find that particle is evenly distributed in tissue, do not produce big macrosegregation and microsegregation; By the mechanical property of test through the tensile test bar of T6 processing, the tensile strength that draws material is 300MPa, and Young's modulus is 92GPa.
Embodiment 5
Prepared composition is Si 11.0%, and Mg 1.0%, and Cu 0.5%, and Ni 1.0%, and SiC 5%, TiB
210%, all the other are the miscellaneous granules reinforced composite of aluminium, and process is as follows:
Aluminium ingot fusing back adds KCl, NaF, MgCl
2The KCl insulating covering agent covers, thermometric after the fusion, and temperature reaches 680 ℃, adds through 3.5 hours K of 200 ℃ of insulation oven dry
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt, with the stirring velocity stirring 20min of whipping appts with 300rpm, whipping temp is 680 ℃, scoops out the mixing salt reaction product.After treating that temperature is raised to 700 ℃, add the SiC/Al matrix material, all the fusing back is with the stirring velocity stirring 8min of 200rpm to treat it, and whipping temp is 700 ℃.After adding Si, Mg, Cu, Ni adjustment chemical ingredients, after 700 ℃ leave standstill 20min, pour in the stretching die, promptly get SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.Observe the metallographic structure of matrix material and find that particle is evenly distributed in tissue, do not produce big macrosegregation and microsegregation; By the mechanical property of test through the tensile test bar of T6 processing, the tensile strength that draws material is 330MPa, and Young's modulus is 90GPa.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules is characterized in that: its composition and weight percent are: Si 4.5-13.0%, Mg 0-1.5%, Cu 0-1.5%, Ni 0-1.5%, SiC 5.0-20.0%, TiB
25.0-10.0%, all the other are Al.
2, a kind of preparation method of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) aluminium ingot is melted the back in crucible and cover melt with insulating covering agent;
(2) molten aluminium insulation back adds the K of drying
2TiF
6, KBF
4Mixing salt and fully stirring, reaction is scooped out the mixing salt reaction product after finishing;
(3) in melt, add the SiC/Al matrix material, treat that its all stirs the fusing back, add Si or Si, Mg or Si, Mg, Al-Cu, Al-Ni or Si then, Mg, Al-Cu adjust chemical ingredients, pour into ingot mould after leaving standstill, and promptly obtain SiC and TiB
2Confusion enhanced aluminum matrix composite.
3, the preparation method of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the step (1), described insulating covering agent comprises villaumite and villiaumite, and wherein villaumite is KCl, NaCl, MgCl
2, MgCl
2KCl, villiaumite are Na
2SiF
6, Na
3AlF
6, NaF, KF, these villaumites and villiaumite use separately or any several mixing is used.
4, the preparation method of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the step (2), and mixing salt K
2TiF
6, KBF
4Both mass ratioes satisfy Ti: the atomic quantity ratio of B is 1: 2, and mixing salt adds temperature between 680 ℃-900 ℃, and mixing salt was 150 ℃-250 ℃ insulation oven dry 2-5 hour.
5, the preparation method of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the step (2), stirring velocity is 200-400rpm, and churning time is 10-30min, 680 ℃-900 ℃ of whipping temps.
6, the preparation method of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the step (3), the temperature that adds the SiC/Al matrix material is between 700 ℃-750 ℃, stirring velocity is 200-400rpm, and churning time is 5-10min, 700 ℃-750 ℃ of whipping temps.
7, the preparation method of aluminium based composite material enhanced by miscellaneous granules according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the step (3), the melt dwell temperature is between 680 ℃-750 ℃, and time of repose is 10-30min.
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