CN1868582A - Nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide composition and its prepn. method - Google Patents
Nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide composition and its prepn. method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1868582A CN1868582A CNA200610085237XA CN200610085237A CN1868582A CN 1868582 A CN1868582 A CN 1868582A CN A200610085237X A CNA200610085237X A CN A200610085237XA CN 200610085237 A CN200610085237 A CN 200610085237A CN 1868582 A CN1868582 A CN 1868582A
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Abstract
A nano-class TiO2/SeO2 composition used for solar cell is a spherical nano-particle and has the anatase-phase crystal structure. Its preparing process includes such steps as reaction between titanate or TiCl4 or titanium sulfate or titanium oxide sulfate and SeO2 or seleninic acid, and water-bath ageing or hydrothermal synthesis or high-temp burning.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nano material and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of nano material and preparation method thereof, a kind of nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide composition and preparation method thereof of definitely saying so with photocatalytic activity.
Two, background technology
Nano titanium oxide (TiO
2) except characteristics, also have good photocatalytic activity with general nano material, multiple environmental contaminants can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, can be electric energy with conversion of solar energy.Therefore, nano-TiO
2Has broad application prospect in fields such as environmental pollution improvement, solar cell preparations.Yet, independent nano-TiO
2There are some defectives in actual applications: (1) TiO
2Greater band gap (3.2V), light absorption are mainly at ultraviolet region (this light district energy is less than 10% of irradiation ground solar energy), and be low to the utilization rate of sunshine; (2) TiO
2Photo-generated carrier (h
+, e
-) be easy to again compoundly, cause photocatalysis weak effect, photoelectric current efficient low.Therefore, improve nano-TiO
2Material is the focus that people study to the utilization of solar energy.
Improving nano-TiO
2Material efficiency of light energy utilization aspect has many reports, and except from reducing particle diameter, utilize porous material absorption, adding aspects such as dye sensitizing agent consider, study more is the composite mixed technology of employing.The nano-TiO of having reported
2Composite mixed method has sol-gel process, metal alkoxide Hydrolyze method, chemical vapour deposition technique, sluggish precipitation, hydrothermal crystallization method, laser pyrolysis processes, supercritical fluid drying etc., and the material that is mixed mainly is an oxide, and products therefrom is MOx/TiO
2Type (M=Zn, Cd, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Mn, Mo, Cu, Si, S and rare earth La, Ce, Er, Pr, Gd, Nd, Sm etc.) also has simple substance doping (being the M/TiO2 type, M=Au, Pt, Ag), selenides doping, sulfide doping etc.
Three, summary of the invention
A kind of novel nano-TiO provided by the invention
2/ SeO
2Compound (titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide) is intended to improve nano-TiO
2Utilization rate to sunshine luminous energy.Technical problem to be solved is at first to make SeO
2And TiO
2Compoundly obtain amorphous compound, be converted into the crystalline phase compound then.
Thinking of the present invention is to utilize selenium dioxide (SeO
2) special nature improve nano-TiO
2To the sunshine efficiency of light energy utilization, thereby improve photocatalysis Decomposition performance and solar cell properties.
SeO
2The raising nano-TiO is arranged
2The special nature of photocatalysis Decomposition performance, its principle is: (1) SeO
2Be middle strong oxidizer, can accept light induced electron (e effectively
-), thereby reduce photo-generated carrier (h
+, e
-) between compound, promote photohole (h
+) the oxidation Decomposition environmental contaminants; (2) SeO
2Existence can make TiO
2The spectral absorption limit blue shift takes place, thereby improve the photochemical catalytic oxidation ability; (3) SeO
2Accept light induced electron (e
-) after, itself can form simple substance selenium (Se) nano particle, the band gap of this elemental selenium nano particle is very narrow, is about 1 volt, have more by force at visible region to absorb, thereby raising is to the utilization rate of sunshine; (4) elemental selenium nano particle itself can some environmental contaminants of catalytic decomposition; (5) the elemental selenium nano particle is easy to be oxidized to SeO again
2, make SeO
2In the photocatalysis Decomposition process, work repeatedly.
SeO
2The raising nano-TiO is arranged
2The special nature of solar cell properties, its principle is: (1) SeO
2Can suppress photo-generated carrier (h
+, e
-) compound, promote the generation of photoelectric current; (2) SeO
2Existence changed TiO
2The band gap of itself with suitable dye molecule compatibility, can improve sunshine transform light energy rate; (3) SeO
2Accept light induced electron (e
-) after, the elemental selenium nano particle that itself forms can be used as the narrow band gap sensitising agent, improves sunshine transform light energy rate; (4) SeO
2/ Se electricity to solar cell in common electrolyte I
-/ I
2Electricity between redox can promote the generation of photoelectric current; (5) the elemental selenium nano particle is easy to be oxidized to SeO again
2, make SeO
2Effect circulation in solar cell repeatedly.
The alleged nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide of the present invention is by nano titanium oxide (TiO
2) and selenium dioxide (SeO
2) the crystalline phase compound formed, the Se/Ti mass ratio is 0.01～0.5 in the compound, when the crystalline phase compound was anatase phase compound, the Se/Ti mass ratio was 0.01～0.2 in this compound.
Technical scheme of the present invention is by TiO
2And SeO
2Presoma prepare SeO by homogeneous reaction
2With TiO
2The amorphous state compound, treated then conversion obtains forming the crystalline phase nano-complex of even structure, function admirable, particularly anatase-phase nano compound.
During the preparation compound, form TiO
2Presoma can be titanate esters, titanium tetrachloride, titanium sulfate, titanyl sulfate etc., form SeO
2Presoma can be SeO
2Or selenous acid.Make compound immersion method, hydrothermal synthesis method, high temperature sintering method be arranged by the method that amorphous state is converted into the anatase phase.
The relative amount of two kinds of oxides can suitably be adjusted by the amount that changes the presoma that adds during preparation, to obtain Se/Ti mass ratio nano-complex controlled, function admirable.
With the butyl titanate is the preparation method of presoma, comprise that homogeneous reaction and crystalline phase transform, it is characterized in that: described homogeneous reaction is to add selenium dioxide and butyl titanate stirring and dissolving in being dissolved with the absolute ethyl alcohol of polyvinylpyrrolidone, dripping concentration then is 35～40vt%, the acid ethanol solution of pH 2～3 to transparent reactant liquor begins gelation, leave standstill and make gelation process complete, obtain nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide amorphous state compound after drying, the calcination under 450～550 ℃ of conditions of this compound is through cooling, grind and just obtain anatase-phase nano titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound.
The processing method that another kind of crystalline phase transforms be with the reactant liquor of beginning gelation in 60～80 ℃ water-bath, place 8～10 hours, obtain anatase-phase nano titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound through cooling, the grinding of dry back.
With the titanium tetrachloride is the preparation method of presoma, comprise homogeneous reaction, separation, washing and drying, it is characterized in that: in the titanium tetrachloride solution with-2～5 ℃ of selenium dioxide addings, concentration 0.8～the 1.2mol/L of this solution, then reactant liquor is placed 60～80 ℃ water-bath to leave standstill 8～12 hours, obtain anatase phase titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound through separation, washing, drying and grinding.
With the titanyl sulfate is the preparation method of presoma, comprise homogeneous reaction, separation, washing and drying, its feature is at son: under the room temperature selenium dioxide and urea being added concentration is in the titanyl sulfate solution of 1.8～2.2mol/L, then reactant liquor is placed 70～90 ℃ water-bath to leave standstill 8～12 hours, obtain anatase phase titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound through separation, washing, drying and grinding.
With the titanium sulfate is the preparation method of presoma, comprise homogeneous reaction, separation, washing and drying, it is characterized in that: under the room temperature selenium dioxide is added in the titanium sulfate solution that concentration is 0.3～0.8mol/L, transfer reactant liquor pH to 6～8, reacted 2～5 hours under 130～180 ℃ of conditions, cooling back separation, washing, drying and grinding obtain anatase phase titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound.
Gained compound SEM (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) is measured the pattern of product, particle size and dispersiveness, with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high explanation transmission electron microscope (HTEM), Raman spectrometer (Raman) is measured the crystalline structure of product, measure the component of product with X ray energy dispersion analysis (EDA) (EDAX), measure the component in the product and have valence state with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with infrared spectrometer (IR), ultraviolet spectrometer (IR), XRF (PL) is measured the spectral signature of product, with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) is measured the situation of change and the photocatalysis effect of xerogel each component in high-temperature process.
Form the structure determination result and show that the gained compound is a spheroidal particle, particle diameter is the 10-30 nanometer, and crystalline structure is the anatase phase, and selenium and titanium elements all exist with positive tetravalence form in the compound.Spectrum experiment is the result show, SeO
2Existence make TiO
2Ultraviolet spectra ABSORPTION EDGE generation blue shift, product simple substance selenium has absorption at visible region.The photocatalysis experimental result shows, SeO
2Existence can improve TiO
2The photocatalysis effect.
Experimental result shows, although SeO
2Under normal pressure, just begin about 310 ℃ the distillation, but products therefrom still can obtain containing SeO 500 ℃ of following calcinations 1 hour
2Compound.Although SeO
2Very easily be dissolved in water, but the gained compound through repeatedly the washing after, SeO
2Content does not reduce, and increase is arranged on the contrary.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) TiO
2/ SeO
2The sem photograph of compound (SEM).The gained compound is a spheroidal particle as seen from the figure, and particle diameter is the 10-30 nanometer;
Fig. 2 (b) TiO
2/ SeO
2The X-ray diffractogram of compound.TiO as seen from the figure
2/ SeO
2The diffraction honeybee of compound and independent anatase be TiO mutually
2Diffraction honeybee unanimity, TiO is described
2/ SeO
2The crystalline structure of compound is the anatase phase.
Fig. 3 (c) TiO
2/ SeO
2The ultra-violet absorption spectrum of compound.As seen from the figure, with independent TiO
2ABSORPTION EDGE compare TiO
2/ SeO
2The ABSORPTION EDGE of compound moves (blue shift) to the shortwave direction.
Fig. 4 (d) TiO
2/ SeO
2The x-ray photoelectron power spectrum of compound.As seen from the figure, TiO
2/ SeO
2Have Se and Ti to exist in the compound, by the position at Se-3d electronics and Ti-3s electron energy peak as can be known, Se and Ti all exist with positive tetravalence form.
Fig. 5～8th, the photocatalysis experimental result.MB represents methylene blue among the figure, OR represent methylidene orange, and RhB represents rhodamine B. and these materials are research photocatalysis effect model organic matters commonly used.What represent among the figure is to add the result of same amount catalyst under identical illumination condition.
The organic absorption curve of illumination when organic absorption curve when heavy line representative does not add catalyst among the figure, fine line representative add pure nano TiO 2 catalyst, the dotted line representative adds TiO
2/ SeO
2The organic absorption curve of illumination during complex catalyst.Absorption curve reduces after adding catalyst illumination, illustrates that organic matter is by catalytic decomposition.
Fig. 5 MB shines the situation of change of absorption curve after 1.5 hours under sunshine.As can be seen, mix up SeO2 after, the photocatalysis effect of TiO2 increase (seeing dotted line among the figure).
Fig. 6 MB shines the situation of change of absorption curve after 1 hour under ultraviolet light.As can be seen, mix up SeO2 after, the photocatalysis effect of TiO2 increase (seeing dotted line among the figure).
Fig. 7 OR shines the situation of change of absorption curve after 1.5 hours under sunshine.As can be seen, mix up SeO2 after, the photocatalysis effect of TiO2 increase (seeing dotted line among the figure).
Fig. 8 RhB shines the situation of change of absorption curve after 1.5 hours under sunshine.As can be seen, mix up SeO2 after, the photocatalysis effect of TiO2 increase (seeing dotted line among the figure).
Five, the specific embodiment
1, the 0.08g polyvinylpyrrolidone is dissolved in the 6.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation adds 0.028gSeO after dissolving extremely fully
2, continue to be stirred to dissolving fully, add the 2.3ml butyl titanate again, the magnetic agitation mixing promptly gets A solution.Get the 3.4ml absolute ethyl alcohol, the 5.4ml deionized water, and, be mixed with B solution with hydrochloric acid adjust pH to 2.3.Under magnetic agitation, 0.6mlB solution is slowly splashed into A solution with 1 droplet/second speed.Drip off the back and promptly finish the process that transforms to gel by even faint yellow vitreosol in a few minutes.This gel is placed ageing after 16 hours, place 60 ℃ of oven dry of vacuum drying chamber.500 ℃ of calcination 1h in chamber type electric resistance furnace again.With the stove cooling, grind and promptly got composite product in 20 minutes.The Se/Ti mass ratio that is added in the raw material when preparing this compound is 0.0601, after the calcination in the gained compound Se/Ti mass ratio be 0.0258, the Se/Ti mass ratio was 0.0262 after the compound after the calcination washed three times with water.
2,0.08gPVP is dissolved in the 6.8ml absolute ethyl alcohol, after magnetic agitation is treated to dissolve fully, adds 0.044g SeO
2, continue to be stirred to dissolving fully, add the 2.3ml butyl titanate again, the magnetic agitation mixing promptly gets A solution.Get the 3.4ml absolute ethyl alcohol, the 5.4ml deionized water, and, be mixed with B solution with hydrochloric acid (1.2ml) adjust pH to 2.3.Under magnetic agitation, 0.6ml B solution is slowly splashed into A solution with 1 droplet/second speed.Drip off the back and promptly finish the process that transforms to gel by even faint yellow vitreosol in a few minutes.This reactant liquor placed 8 hours in 70 ℃ of water-baths after, after the drying, grind and promptly got composite product in 20 minutes under the infrared lamp.The Se/Ti mass ratio that is added in the raw material when preparing this compound is 0.0942, and the Se/Ti mass ratio is 0.0703 in the crystalline phase compound of water-bath conversion back gained, and the Se/Ti mass ratio was 0.1006 after the compound after the water-bath washed three times with water.
3, at first titanium tetrachloride is diluted to 1mol/L, gets this dilute solution 20ml then, add 0.040g SeO with frozen water
2, this reactant liquor is put into 70 ℃ of water-baths, insulation was left standstill 10 hours.Separation, washed product, infrared lamp are dry down, promptly get composite product after the grinding.
4, get 2mol/L titanyl sulfate solution 20ml, add 0.080g SeO
2, 3.6g urea is put into 80 ℃ of water-baths with this reactant liquor, and insulation was left standstill 10 hours.Separation, washed product, infrared lamp are dry down, promptly get composite product after the grinding.
5, get 0.5mol/L titanium sulfate solution 20ml, add 0.030g SeO
2, slowly about conditioned reaction liquid pH7, this reactant liquor is put into the high-pressure bottle that is lined with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with 25% ammoniacal liquor, heat 150 ℃ of reactions 3 hours.Separation, washed product, infrared lamp are dry down, promptly get composite product after the grinding.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide composition is characterized in that: by the crystalline phase compound that nano titanium oxide and selenium dioxide are formed, the Se/Ti mass ratio is 0.01～0.5 in the compound.
2, compound according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the anatase of being made up of nano titanium oxide and selenium dioxide is compound mutually, and the mass ratio of selenium/titanium is 0.01～0.2 in the compound.
3, with the butyl titanate is the method that presoma prepares claim 1 or 2 described compounds, comprise that homogeneous reaction and crystalline phase transform, it is characterized in that: described homogeneous reaction is to add selenium dioxide and butyl titanate stirring and dissolving in being dissolved with the absolute ethyl alcohol of polyvinylpyrrolidone, dripping concentration then is 35～40vt%, the acid ethanol solution of pH 2～3 to transparent reactant liquor begins gelation, leave standstill and make gelation process complete, obtain nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide amorphous state compound after drying, the calcination under 450～550 ℃ of conditions of this compound is through cooling, grind and just obtain anatase-phase nano titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound.
4, preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the reactant liquor that will begin gelation in 60～80 ℃ water-bath, place 8～10 hours, obtain anatase-phase nano titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound through cooling, the grinding of dry back.
5, with the titanium tetrachloride be the method that presoma prepares claim 1 or 2 described compounds, comprise homogeneous reaction, separation, washing and drying, it is characterized in that: in the titanium tetrachloride solution with-2～5 ℃ of selenium dioxide addings, concentration 0.8～the 1.2mol/L of titanium tetrachloride, then reactant liquor is placed 60～80 ℃ water-bath to leave standstill 8～12 hours, obtain anatase phase titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound through separation, washing, drying and grinding.
6, with the titanyl sulfate be the method that presoma prepares claim 1 or 2 described compounds, comprise homogeneous reaction, separation, washing and drying, it is characterized in that: under the room temperature selenium dioxide and urea being added concentration is in the titanyl sulfate solution of 1.8～2.2mol/L, then reactant liquor is placed 70～90 ℃ water-bath to leave standstill 8～12 hours, obtain anatase phase titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound through separation, washing, drying and grinding.
7, with the titanium sulfate be the method that presoma prepares claim 1 or 2 described compounds, comprise homogeneous reaction, separation, washing and drying, it is characterized in that: under the room temperature selenium dioxide is added in the titanium sulfate solution that concentration is 0.3～0.8mol/L, transfer reactant liquor pH to 6～8, reacted 2～5 hours under 130～180 ℃ of conditions, cooling back separation, washing, drying and grinding obtain anatase phase titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide compound.
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100443164C (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-12-17 | 南京大学 | Mesoporous titania meterial containing selenium and its prepn process |
| CN106040280A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-26 | 兰州大学 | Full-spectral response type ammonium tungsten bronze-titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst |
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| KR20040107315A (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-20 | 주식회사 씨피씨 | photocatalyst composition and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR100611632B1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2006-08-11 | (주)지엔씨글로텍 | photocatalyst composition and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN1327953C (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2007-07-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Photocatalyst of nano titanium oxide modifed by cadmium selenide and preparation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100443164C (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-12-17 | 南京大学 | Mesoporous titania meterial containing selenium and its prepn process |
| CN106040280A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-26 | 兰州大学 | Full-spectral response type ammonium tungsten bronze-titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst |
| CN106040280B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-04-20 | 兰州大学 | Full spectral response type ammonium tungsten bronze titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst |
| CN106179430A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of Preparation method and use of titanium dioxide/indium phosphide composite |
| CN106179430B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-03-26 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of Preparation method and use of titanium dioxide/indium phosphide composite material |
| CN109879315A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-14 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of porous hexagon nano-titanium dioxide of two-dimensional layer and its preparation method and application |
| CN109879315B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2021-06-01 | 陕西科技大学 | Two-dimensional layered porous hexagonal nano titanium dioxide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115512972A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-12-23 | 河北大学 | Preparation method of quasi-solid electrolyte for quantum dot sensitized solar cell |
| CN115512972B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2023-11-03 | 河北大学 | Preparation method of quasi-solid electrolyte for quantum dot sensitized solar cell |
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Assignee: ANHUI FEIJIAN ENERGY SAVING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Assignor: Anhui University Contract record no.: 2011340000512 Denomination of invention: Nanometer titanium dioxide/selenium dioxide composition and its prepn. method Granted publication date: 20090121 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20061129 Record date: 20111227 |
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