CN1856024A - Image pickup apparatus - Google Patents

Image pickup apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1856024A
CN1856024A CNA2006100786202A CN200610078620A CN1856024A CN 1856024 A CN1856024 A CN 1856024A CN A2006100786202 A CNA2006100786202 A CN A2006100786202A CN 200610078620 A CN200610078620 A CN 200610078620A CN 1856024 A CN1856024 A CN 1856024A
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China
Prior art keywords
pixel
addition
acquisition device
exposure
image acquisition
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CNA2006100786202A
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CN100411426C (en
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大久保光将
今井右二
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Imaging Corp
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Abstract

An image pickup apparatus configured to pick up a still image includes an image pickup device having a plurality of pixels to convert an object image formed by an optical system to an electric charge. A pixel reading circuit operates in either a first reading mode for reading electric charges obtained from the respective pixels of the image pickup device on a pixel by pixel basis or a second reading mode for adding and reading the electric charges obtained from the respective pixels of the image pickup device. A controller evaluates camera shake during exposure. When an evaluation level of the shake is greater than a predetermined level, this controller controls the pixel reading circuit to operate in the second reading mode. when the evaluation level is smaller than the predetermined level, the controller controls the pixel reading circuit to operate in the first reading mode.

Description

Image acquiring device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of image acquiring device, it comprises and the corresponding image acquisition device of addition (additive) read functions that is used for pixel output, wherein can according to circumstances use normally to read with addition and read.
Background technology
In image acquiring device such as camera, exist because camera-shake in the exposure process or object shake cause flating, thus the problem of generation blurred picture.Countermeasure as this flating of reply, following technology has been proposed: moving optical system or image acquisition device in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open communique No.8-223471 or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open communique No.8-15316, to eliminate the image motion that causes by camera-shake, prevent to produce blurred picture thus.In addition, known following technology: utilizing amplifier circuit etc. the output of image acquisition device to be amplified, increase shutter speed with when improving imaging sensitivity, thus the influence that reduces to shake.In addition, be applied under the situation that moving image obtains will being used for high-definition image acquisition device that still image obtains, for example in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open communique No.2004-222130 etc., there is following technology: in the image acquisition device, the pixel of the same color of predetermined quantity is carried out addition (mixing) with simulated mode, then, read addition output afterwards, to improve imaging sensitivity and to reduce time for reading.
Here, as among Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open communique No.8-223471 or the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open communique No.8-15316, it is bigger in the size that becomes aspect its driving mechanism with the method for eliminating camera-shake optically or mechanically to utilize drive controlling to reduce camera-shake.Therefore, may produce large-sized camera or cost increases.In addition, these controls are invalid for the object that situation the caused shake of being moved by subject side.
In addition, although the technology described in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open communique No.2004-222130 discloses the purpose that improves imaging sensitivity or reduce time for reading, specific descriptions do not reduce camera-shake.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Electrofax, it can not use mechanical system to reduce under the situation of camera-shake camera-shake to be reduced.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a kind of image acquiring device is provided, it is configured to obtain still image, and this device is characterised in that and comprises: image acquisition device (410), and it has a plurality of pixels that the picture that is used for the object that will be formed by optical system (32) is converted to electric charge; Pixel reading circuit (411), it carries out work with first read mode or second read mode, this first read mode reads the electric charge that obtains from each pixel of image acquisition device (410) with being used for individual element, and this second read mode is used for the electric charge that each pixel from image acquisition device (410) obtains is carried out addition and reads; The camera-shake test section is used for the camera-shake of detected image acquisition device (410); And controller (418), it obtains level of evaluation according to the output from camera-shake test section (419,420) in the exposure process of image acquisition device (410), when the level of evaluation of camera-shake during greater than intended level, this controller makes pixel reading circuit (411) carry out work with second read mode, and makes pixel reading circuit (411) carry out work with first read mode during less than this intended level when this level of evaluation.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of image acquiring device is provided, it is configured to obtain still image, and this device is characterised in that and comprises: image acquisition device (410), and it has a plurality of pixels that the picture that is used for the object that will be formed by optical system (32) is converted to electric charge; Amplifier circuit (412a), it amplifies the signal of telecommunication based on the electric charge that reads from image acquisition device (410) with variable power; Analog to digital converter (412c) is used for the output signal of amplifier circuit (412a) is converted to digital signal; The camera-shake test section is used for the camera-shake of detected image acquisition device; And controller (418), the level of evaluation that begins the integrated value of the camera-shake that obtained by the camera-shake test section in the moment that the exposure from image acquisition device (410) begins reaches under other situation of predetermined threshold level, this controller reaches the exposure of the moment termination image acquisition device (410) of this threshold level in this level of evaluation, from each pixel reading electric charges of image acquisition device (410), and according to the magnification ratio of setting amplifier circuit (412a) from the exposure of image acquisition device (410) zero hour to the exposure termination time interval constantly.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, a kind of image acquiring device is provided, it is configured to obtain still image, and this device is characterised in that and comprises: image acquisition device (410), and it has a plurality of pixels that the picture that is used for the object that will be formed by optical system (32) is converted to electric charge; Charge adder circuit (410), being used for predetermined pixel size is that unit carries out addition to the electric charge that each pixel from image acquisition device (410) obtains; And controller (418), it is according to the shake of the device that produces in the exposure process of image acquisition device, select independent pixel read mode or pixel addition read mode, this independent pixel read mode reads the electric charge that obtains from each pixel of image acquisition device (410) with being used for individual element, being used for predetermined pixel size under this pixel addition read mode is that unit is operated charge adder circuit (410), carries out addition and reads with the electric charge that each pixel from image acquisition device (410) is obtained.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method of obtaining still image, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: begun exposure to obtain still image; Size to the camera-shake in the exposure process is assessed; Stop exposure; And when passing through this level of evaluation of assessing the camera-shake that obtains greater than intended level, the electric charge of each pixel of obtaining by exposure is carried out addition and reads, and, read the electric charge of each pixel that obtains by exposure when this level of evaluation during less than this intended level individual element.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method of obtaining still image, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: begun exposure to obtain still image; Size to the camera-shake in the exposure process is assessed; And when the level of evaluation of the camera-shake that obtains by this assessment is equal to or greater than intended level, stop exposure and reading electric charges constantly at this.
Advantage of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and will partly become clear by this explanation, perhaps can know by practice of the present invention.Can utilize means and the combination specifically noted below to realize and obtain advantage of the present invention.
Description of drawings
The accompanying drawing that is merged in and constitutes a specification part shows embodiments of the invention, and is used from explanation principle of the present invention with the detailed description one of general description that provides above and embodiment given below.
Figure 1A and 1B represent the stereoscopic figure of conduct according to the digital camera of the example of the image acquiring device of first embodiment of the invention respectively.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of expression screening-mode rotating disk (dial);
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of expression lens unit;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of expression according to the detailed internal structure of the camera of first embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the concept map that the expression addition is read;
Fig. 6 A represents to be used for the structure that reads along the vertical direction of image acquisition device;
Fig. 6 B represents to be used for the structure that reads along the horizontal direction of image acquisition device;
The internal structure of Fig. 7 presentation video acquisition device output processing circuit;
Fig. 8 A represents the relation between iso sensitivity and the amplifier gain;
Relation between the time of integration of Fig. 8 B presentation video acquisition device and the A/D conversion range of analog to digital converter;
Fig. 9 is the program diagram of category-A exposure control program;
Figure 10 is the program diagram of category-B exposure control program;
Figure 11 is the program diagram of C class exposure control program;
Figure 12 is the program diagram of D class exposure control program;
Figure 13 is the program diagram of E class exposure control program;
Figure 14 is the program diagram of F class exposure control program;
Figure 15 A has summarized the content of six types exposure control program;
Figure 15 B represents the combination of screening-mode and the exposure control program selected in response to this screening-mode;
Figure 16 A, 16B and 16C represent to be used for whether actual inspection correctly is provided with addition or the output of non-addition pixel at current point in time picture;
Figure 17 is the flow chart of expression according to the flow process of the processing operation under the AUTO-UV pattern of first embodiment;
Figure 18 A and 18B be the overview of presentation video skew respectively;
Figure 19 A represents to be used to write down the head part that information is read in addition;
Picture under the addition situation about reading that Figure 19 B has been illustrated in executed during reproduced image;
Figure 19 C is illustrated in the picture when not carrying out reproduced image under the situation that addition reads;
Figure 20 is the block diagram of expression according to the detailed internal structure of the camera of second embodiment;
Figure 21 A and 21B are the concept maps that is used to illustrate the operation of image shift vector counting circuit;
Figure 22 is the flow chart of expression according to the flow process of the processing operation under the AUTO-UV pattern of the 3rd embodiment;
Figure 23 is the concept map that is used for illustrating according to the operation of the image shift vector counting circuit of the camera of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 24 is the flow chart of expression according to the flow process of the processing operation under the AUTO-UV pattern of the 4th embodiment;
Figure 25 A and 25B are the stereoscopic figure that represents respectively according to the Electrofax of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 26 is the block diagram of the detailed internal structure of this Electrofax of expression;
Figure 27 is used for the pixels illustrated read mode, that is, and and 16 pixel addition read modes and 4 pixel addition read modes;
Figure 28 is the sequential chart that reads timing that is illustrated in the pixel output of the image acquisition device under the independent pixel read mode;
The structure of the image acquisition device that each pixel of representing Figure 29 A and 29B to be used to carry out reads;
Figure 30 is the sequential chart that reads timing of the pixel output of the image acquisition device under the expression 16 pixel addition read modes;
The structure of the image acquisition device that 16 pixel addition of representing Figure 31 A and 31B to be used to carry out read;
Figure 32 represents the sequential chart that reads timing of the pixel output of the image acquisition device under the 4 pixel addition read modes;
The structure of the image acquisition device that 4 pixel addition of representing Figure 33 A and 33B to be used to carry out read;
The internal structure of Figure 34 presentation video acquisition device output processing circuit;
Figure 35 is the flow chart that is illustrated in the processing operation in the still image obtaining mode process;
Figure 36 is the flow chart of expression according to the processing operation of the exposure control 1 of the 5th embodiment;
Figure 37 A, 37B and 37C are used to illustrate the circle of confusion diameter;
Figure 38 A represents pixel addition scope under the 16 pixel addition read modes and the relation between the circle of confusion;
Figure 38 B represents pixel addition scope under the 4 pixel addition read modes and the relation between the circle of confusion;
Figure 38 C represents pixel cell in the Bayer array and the relation between the circle of confusion;
Figure 39 represents the relation between the output of time for exposure and gain variable amplifier;
Figure 40 is used for explanation and is being shorter than 1/16t EXPTime cancelled the amplifier gain of gain variable amplifier under the situation of exposure;
Figure 41 is the flow chart of the processing operation of expression exposure control 2;
Figure 42 is the flow chart according to the processing operation of the exposure control 1 of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 43 represents pixel addition scope under the 9 pixel addition read modes and the relation between the circle of confusion;
Figure 44 is the flow chart of expression according to the modified example of the exposure control 1 of the 6th embodiment;
Figure 45 is the flow chart of expression according to the processing operation of the exposure control 1 of the 7th embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to accompanying drawings.
[first embodiment]
Figure 1A and 1B represent the stereoscopic figure of conduct according to the digital camera (hereinafter, abbreviating camera as) of the example of the image acquiring device of first embodiment of the invention respectively.Here, Figure 1A is the front perspective view of this camera; And Figure 1B is the rear perspective view of this camera.
Shown in Figure 1A, the front of camera body 1 is equipped with lens unit 2.In addition, the end face of camera body 1 is provided with release-push 3 and ZSW 4.Release-push 3 is set to two step switches, that is, half by with press entirely.User half starts the operation that is prepared to picture thus by release-push 3 (carrying out first releasing operation), entirely by (carrying out second releasing operation), starts imaging operation thus then.ZSW 4 comprises T (long burnt) switch 4a and W (wide-angle) switch 4b.When the user presses T switch 4a, carry out the magnification ratio of wide-long shot side (hereinafter referred to as long coke side) is changed operation.When pressing W switch 4b, the magnification ratio that carries out wide-angle side (hereinafter referred to as wide-angle (Wide) side) changes operation.
In addition, shown in Figure 1A, the side of camera body 1 is provided with read mode selector button 5.Read mode selector button 5 is set to manual selected member, is used to select for the read mode from the pixel output that is arranged on the image acquisition device in the camera body.This pixel output read mode comprises three types: fixed mode is read in non-addition; Automatic preference pattern; And fixed mode is read in addition.To describe these patterns in detail below.Can check the read mode of setting in the camera by the indicating device 5b that is presented on the LCD display unit 5a, LCD display unit 5a be arranged on read mode selector button 5 near.
In addition, shown in Figure 1B, the back side of camera body 1 is equipped with view finder 6 integratedly.Here, suppose that view finder 6 is the electronic view view finder.The electronic view view finder for example is made up of small LCD and the magnifying glass (loupe) that is used for the image that is presented on this small LCD is amplified.By this structure, can show the so-called instantaneously browsing image (being also referred to as " instantaneously browsing ") that is used for showing in real time from the image of image acquisition device.
In addition, the back side of camera body 1 is provided with the screening-mode rotating disk 7 of selecting part as screening-mode.Fig. 2 shows screening-mode rotating disk 7.Here, as shown in Figure 2, for screening-mode rotating disk 7, have the display 7a of the various screening-modes of expression, these screening-modes for example have simple and easy pattern (EASY), automatic mode (AUTO), program schema (P), aperture priority/shutter priority/manual mode (A/S/M), high-speed procedure 1 pattern (PH1), high-speed procedure 2 patterns (PH2), night scene mode, Portrait, landscape configuration, physical culture pattern and scene mode (SCENE).Then, the user is rotated operation to screening-mode rotating disk 7, with respect to indicating device 7b display 7a is adjusted, thus various screening-modes is selected.
In addition, the photoflash lamp 8 that is arranged on the end face of camera body 1 is Pop-up photoflash lamps.Here, the situation of being packed up (housed) of the state representation photoflash lamp 8 shown in the solid line among Figure 1A and the 1B.Under collapsed state, if the outstanding structure 8a that acts on the side by finger carries out triggering, then photoflash lamp 8 moves to by the position shown in the dotted line.Like this, photoflash lamp 8 can be luminous.
The arrow key 9 that is arranged on the back side of camera body 1 is set to be used for the user sets various patterns on the menu screen that is presented on the back LCD plate 10 control member.This arrow key 9 is constructed to make that the periphery at central confirming button is provided with four buttons.Arrow key 9 for example can be selected the ON/OFF setting such as microspur imaging, auto heterodyne timer and flash of light, perhaps can select various screening-modes under the situation of having selected scene mode by screening-mode rotating disk 7.In addition, arrow key 9 can provide various detailed settings.
On the back LCD plate 10 of the back side face that is arranged on camera body 1, various images have been shown, for example the image that obtains by the user, instantaneously browsing image and menu screen.In addition, the back side of camera body 1 is provided with mains switch 11.When the user slides this mains switch 11, can select to open state, still image obtaining mode and open four kinds of states that state and moving image obtaining mode are opened state such as closed condition, reproduction mode.In addition, the AF window 12a that is arranged on camera body 1 front is the window that is used to be arranged on the AF sensor assembly of camera body 1 inside.
Below with reference to Fig. 3 lens unit 2 as optical system is described.Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of expression lens unit 2.For example be provided with three lens 13,14 and 15 in the lens unit 2 shown in Figure 3.In these three lens, lens 13 and lens 14 are set to magnification ratio and change lens (zoom lens), are used for concerning the focal length that changes lens by changing the mutual alignment.When zoom drive, transmit the actuating force of zoom motor 104 to zoom lens driving cam means 18 via gear 19a and 19b.By this zoom lens driving cam means 18, drive lens 13 and lens 14 along optical axis direction (along the single-point line direction of Fig. 3).
In addition, lens 15 are set to focusing lens, are used for carrying out focus adjustment by it is moved forward and backward along optical axis.When carrying out focus adjustment, transmit the actuating force of focusing motor 105 to focusing lens driving cam means 20 via gear 21a and 21b.Drive lens 15 by this focusing lens driving cam means 20.
In addition, the rear side in lens 13 and 14 is provided with aperture 16 and shutter 17.Aperture 16 and shutter 17 are driven by aperture motor and fast door motor respectively.Control the light quantity (exposure) of the object luminous flux that incides on the image acquisition device by aperture 16 and shutter 17.Here, can use the device shutter (electronic shutter) of this image acquisition device rather than mechanical shutter as shutter 17.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of expression according to the detailed internal structure of the camera of first embodiment.In Fig. 4, by referring to the composed component of describing in Fig. 1 and 3 with the same numeral shown in Fig. 1 and 3.
For example, provide the battery 101 that constitutes by rechargeable battery power supply as camera such as lithium ion chargeable battery.Power circuit 102 is made of booster circuit or reduction voltage circuit etc., and the voltage of battery 101 is provided after the voltage that the voltage transitions of battery 101 is required for each treatment circuit in the camera.
Motor-drive circuit 103 is made of the circuit that comprises switching transistor, and zoom motor 104, focusing motor 105, fast door motor 106 and aperture motor 107 are controlled.
The vibration in a lateral direction (camera-shake) of 108 pairs of camera bodies 1 of angular-rate sensor X detects.In addition, the camera-shake on the longitudinal direction of 109 pairs of camera bodies 1 of angular-rate sensor Y detects.Here, the camera-shake transducer is made of angular-rate sensor X 108 and angular-rate sensor Y 109.In addition, analog processing circuit 110 is carried out the simulation process operation, with the skew in each output of eliminating angular-rate sensor X 108 and angular-rate sensor Y 109, perhaps amplifies each output.Analog to digital converter 111 is converted to digital signal with the output of analog processing circuit 110.Main track (locus) counting circuit 112 constantly carries out integration to the input from analog to digital converter 111, thereby calculates the deflecting angle of each time interval.Then, according to deflecting angle of being calculated and the focus information relevant with lens unit 2, calculate shake track near the horizontal direction (directions X) the optical axis of the image that in image acquisition device 114, obtains and the shake track on the vertical direction (Y direction), and in real time the shake track that is calculated is exported to order (sequence) controller 113.
Here, the camera-shake detecting sensor that is used to detect camera-shake is not limited to angular-rate sensor X 108 and angular-rate sensor Y 109.For example, if computing changes, then can utilize angular-rate sensor and a pair of acceleration transducer (that is two acceleration transducers) to carry out camera-shake detection and the calculating of shake track.
Sequential controller 113 is as controller, and the time for exposure is provided with part and is set to be used for circuit that each circuit of image acquiring device is controlled.In addition, various control members link to each other with sequential controller 113, the processing operation that carry out to detect these operations thus and the operating function of these control members is responded.Here, as mentioned above, these control members comprise: release-push 3, ZSW 4 (ZSW T 4a and ZSW W 4b), mains switch 11, read mode selector button 5, screening-mode rotating disk 7 and arrow key 9 etc.
In addition, sequential controller 113 also has the function as object brightness test section, and carries out photometering and handle, and comes calculating object brightness with basis via the image input of image acquisition device 114.Alternatively, also can be provided for the special-purpose luminosity determination sensor of detected object brightness.
Image acquisition device 114 is arranged on the back of lens unit shown in Figure 32.Image acquisition device 114 is by a plurality of pixels and be used for CCD that the electric charge that obtains in each pixel is transmitted etc. and constitute.In addition, utilize opto-electronic conversion to be converted to electric charge via the picture that lens unit 2 incides the object on each pixel.115 pairs of electric charges from 114 outputs of image acquisition device of image acquisition device output processing circuit are handled, and obtain view data thus.
Here, utilize the image acquisition device read driver 116 (it is as the pixel reading circuit that has received control signal from sequential controller 113) drive with control chart as acquisition device 114.The image acquisition device reads driver 116 and has two kinds of read modes, that is: as the non-addition read mode of first read mode, be used for individual element ground the output of each pixel of image acquisition device 114 is forwarded to image acquisition device output processing circuit 115; And the addition read mode that is used as second read mode, being used for 9 pixels is that unit carries out addition according to simulated mode to the pixel of same color, then, institute's added pixels is exported to image acquisition device output processing circuit 115.So any one in these two kinds of read modes can be exported to the electric charge of image acquisition device 114 image acquisition device output processing circuit 115 down.
To describe these two kinds of read modes below.Image acquisition device 114 makes it possible to read under the control of driver 116 at the image acquisition device, is that unit carries out addition to the pixel output of same color and reads to be included in 9 pixels in the square area.Fig. 5 is the concept map that the expression addition is read.Here, with the pel array of image acquisition device 114 shown in Figure 5 example as the Bayer array.With representing R, G shown in Figure 5 and the pixel of B colour filter is set accordingly.In these colour filters, when addition is read, the electric charge from the pixel with same color shown in Figure 5 is carried out addition and read with simulated mode.For example, by the example of R pixel, addition and read R201 in square area shown in Figure 5 200 to these 9 pixels of R209.Similarly, being unit with 9 pixels respectively carries out addition and reads B pixel and G pixel.Yet, for the Bayer array, in square area 200, there are 18 G pixels, therefore,, carry out the addition of pixel output in odd-numbered line in square area 200 and the row of each in the even number line for the G pixel.
Fig. 6 A and 6B show the structure that is used to carry out the image acquisition device 114 that addition as shown in Figure 5 reads respectively.Fig. 6 A represents to be used for the structure that reads on the vertical direction of image acquisition device 114; And Fig. 6 B represents to be used for the structure that reads on the horizontal direction of image acquisition device 114.
As shown in Figure 6A, the pixel of image acquisition device 114 is connected to vertical CCD 114a via switch 210 or switch 212 respectively.In addition, be connected via switch 211 with the pixel with same color of image acquisition device 114.In addition, shown in Fig. 6 B, the far-end of vertical CCD 114a is connected to horizontal CCD 114b via switch 210 or switch 212.In addition, the pixel with same color of vertical CCD 114a far-end connects via switch 211.
In this structure, under situation about reading under the non-addition pattern as first read mode, image acquisition reads driver 116 instruction is provided, and with the switch 210 and the switch 212 of closed image acquisition device 114, and opens switch 211.Like this, independently the electric charge from the pixel of image acquisition device 114 being carried out vertical transfer and horizontal transport respectively, then, is analog picture signal with the charge conversion of being transmitted in electric charge-voltage transitions amplifier (not shown).On the contrary, under situation about reading under the addition pattern as second read mode, the image acquisition device reads driver 116 instruction is provided, with the switch 210 of opening image acquisition device 114, and Closing Switch 211 and switch 212 then.Like this, after the electric charge to the pixel with same color of image acquisition device 114 carries out addition, electric charge to institute's addition carries out vertical transfer and horizontal transport, then, is analog picture signal with the charge conversion of being transmitted in electric charge-voltage transitions amplifier (not shown).
Fig. 7 shows the internal structure of image acquisition device output processing circuit 115.Image acquisition device output processing circuit 115 comprises: gain variable amplifier 115a; Gain controller 115b; And analog to digital converter 115c.Gain variable amplifier 115a amplifies the analog picture signal from 114 inputs of image acquisition device with predetermined amplifier gain.Gain controller 115b is according to the amplifier gain of setting gain variable amplifier 115a from the gain control signal of sequential controller 113.Analog to digital converter 115c will be converted to digital signal by the analog picture signal that gain variable amplifier 115a has carried out amplifying.
Here, the amplifier gain of gain variable amplifier 115a is determined by the magnification ratio of setting among yield value A that presets by this gain variable amplifier 115a and the gain controller 115b.In addition, in response to manually setting by the user or, setting the magnification ratio that in gain controller 115b, to set according to the specified imaging sensitivity (iso sensitivity) of the automatic setting of camera program setting.Fig. 8 A shows the relation between iso sensitivity and the amplifier gain.Shown in Fig. 8 A, the pair amplifier gain is set under the situation that ISO 100 is defined as benchmark.
In addition, Fig. 8 A shows the time of integration (time for exposure) of image acquisition device 114 under the amplifier gain that sets.In addition, Fig. 8 B shows the time of integration of image acquisition device 114 and the relation between the analog-to-digital conversion scope among the analog to digital converter 115c.Obvious from Fig. 8 B, along with iso sensitivity reduces, amplifier gain reduces.Therefore, the time of integration, the output for image acquisition device 114 prolonged, thereby reached the maximum of the analog-to-digital conversion scope of analog to digital converter 115c.On the contrary, along with iso sensitivity increases, amplifier gain increases.Therefore, shorten the time of integration of image acquisition device 114.
Here, referring again to the explanation of Fig. 4, video memory 117 is set as the video memory that is used for the view data of having been undertaken handling by image acquisition device output processing circuit 115 is stored temporarily.For example, use SDRAM as video memory 117.Image processing circuit 118a reads the view data that is stored in the video memory 117, and carries out the YC demultiplexing and handle (RGB processing).In addition, image processing circuit 118a is stored in distortion correction data or light and shade correction data in the corrected value memory 119 by utilization, carries out the processing operation such as operation of light and shade treatment for correcting or distortion correction treatment operation.
In addition, will send to image processing circuit 118b from view data 114 outputs of image acquisition device and that among image processing circuit 118a, carried out handling via video memory 117.Another image processing operations that image processing circuit 118b does not carry out the view data carries out image processing circuit 118a that is imported (for example γ conversion process operation).In addition, will send to image compression/decompression circuit 120 by the view data that image processing circuit 118b has carried out handling via video memory 117.Image compression/decompression circuit 120 is according to coming the view data of being imported is compressed such as the predetermined scheme of JPEG scheme.
Then, image compression/decompression circuit 120 is written to compressing image data in the recording medium 121.By control signal the operation of being undertaken by image compression/decompression circuit 120 that compressing image data is written in the recording medium 121 is controlled from sequential controller 113.That is to say that sequential controller 113 is also as writing circuit.Here, use internal memory (for example onboard flash memory) or external memory storage (for example mount type storage card) as recording medium 121.In addition, image compression/decompression circuit 120 comprises from recording medium 121 reads image data and the function that decompresses.
The lcd driver 122 that receives control signal from sequential controller 113 is according to having been carried out the view data that decompresses by image compression/decompression circuit 120, display image on the LCD plate 10 of back.In addition, the instantaneously browsing image that shows via 114 inputs of image acquisition device at view finder 6 or back LCD plate 10 of the lcd driver 122 that receives control signal from sequential controller 113.
The motion (image motion vector) of image motion vector counting circuit 123 detected image when being in moving image obtaining mode etc., and the result of motion vector exported to sequential controller 113.
AF sensor assembly 12 is arranged on the back of AF window 12a, and to sequential controller 113 output AF luminous fluxes, and this AF luminous flux is by to being used for lens 15 being focused that the AF luminous flux that drives detects and detected.Sequential controller 113 calculates according to carry out known AF from the AF luminous flux of AF sensor assembly 12.Then, according to this AF result calculated, drive focusing motor 105 by motor driver circuit 103.
Change according to the read mode of first embodiment will be described below.As mentioned above, by being exported, pixel carries out addition and reads first advantage of bringing being, owing to being that unit carries out addition to output, so sensitivity improves when reading with 9 pixels.Like this, even when darker object is carried out imaging, also the time for exposure can be reduced, and be not easy to produce camera-shake.In addition, can increase with image acquisition device 114 or follow-up image acquisition device output processing circuit 115 on the relevant output of noise.Just, owing to improved signal to noise ratio, so can reduce picture noise or roughness.
In addition, by pixel output is carried out addition and reads second advantage bringing being, because the data computation (count) when reading is reduced to 1/9, so reduced the time for reading that the pixel of whole image is exported.Like this, for example in continuous shooting process, can in the preset time interval, obtain many two field pictures.
Opposite with these advantages, be that by pixel being carried out addition and reading the shortcoming of bringing image resolution ratio is reduced to 1/9.Therefore, when obtaining the image with fine pattern, the image fineness reduces.
In addition, carry out at hand held camera having following problem under the situation of imaging, the camera-shake during owing to imaging makes image deterioration.Therefore, in traditional camera, set shutter speed explicitly with zoom state (focal length).Particularly, shutter speed is set in high-speed side, so that be not easy to produce camera-shake.Aspect experiment, under the situation of the photographic silver halide machine that uses the 135 type films of being represented focal length by millimeter, the conclusion that obtains is as long as shutter speed is higher than the inverse of focal length, just can reduce the deterioration that causes owing to camera-shake.For example, be under the situation of xmm at focal length, when shutter speed is 1/x during second, can reduce the deterioration that causes owing to camera-shake.The shutter speed of focal length inverse is called as camera-shake second.
Yet, under the darker situation of object,, must improve the sensitivity of image acquisition device 114 in order to obtain and camera-shake corresponding shutter speed second.In this case, if force to increase to picture sensitivity, then noise increases, and produces the photograph that can not appreciate as image.Therefore, in the non-addition of not carrying out pixel addition is read, there is restriction for the shutter speed that can set.Therefore, under the darker situation of indoor or cloudy object such as outdoor, camera-shake may appear.
Therefore, in first embodiment, before imaging, carry out the camera-shake assessment.Promptly, according to image-forming condition to after may occurring in camera-shake amount on the image and detect or predicting, under the situation of the image deterioration that causes by camera-shake, will change into the addition read mode from non-addition read mode from the pattern of image acquisition device 114 read pixels greater than the image deterioration that causes by pixel addition.Like this, by improving shutter speed, can prevent the serious image deterioration that causes by camera-shake.
Fig. 9 to 14 is the program diagrams according to the exposure control of the camera of first embodiment.Camera in these examples is * 10 Zoom cameras, and exemplarily is expressed as focal length from 6.3 to the 63mm cameras that change.In addition, used the image acquisition device (CCD) of so-called 1/2.5 molded dimension, its valid pixel size is 5,000,000 pixel magnitude.In addition, in (under the situation about being equal to each other basically at the visual angle) under the situation that is converted to 135 type photographic silver halide machines, the focal length of the zoom lens in these examples is corresponding to 38 to 380mm.In addition, the F of zoom lens number is wide-angle F2.8, long burnt F3.7 and minimum aperture F8.
In addition, not having under the situation about reading of pixel addition, for the imaging sensitivity of the camera in this example, basic sensitivity is equivalent to ISO 64.In addition, the amplifier gain of gain variable amplifier 115a that can be by changing image acquisition device output processing circuit 115 inside improves imaging sensitivity.In this example, utilize gain variable amplifier 115a, imaging sensitivity can be increased to being equivalent to the maximum of ISO 400 from ISO 64 basically continuously.
Fig. 9 is the program diagram in the category-A exposure control program.In Fig. 9, show wide-angle and long burnt typically, middle zoom district is positioned between two lines of expression wide-angle and zoom.Category-A program shown in Fig. 9 is not carried out addition and is read, and iso sensitivity is restricted to ISO 100 or lower basically.Like this, picture noise reduces, and has improved the image fineness.That is, camera-shake taking place not, need not to prevent that the category-A program lays particular emphasis on raising picture quality under the situation of the image deterioration that causes owing to camera-shake.
High brightness side shown in Fig. 9 is set at the basic sensitivity of ISO 64.With bright outside corresponding BV11 (corresponding) with the EV16 among the ISO 100 in, aperture (AV among the figure) is set to F8, shutter speed (TV among the figure) was set to 1/1000 second.In Fig. 9, when brightness becomes darker than BV11, when keeping shutter speed, open aperture.Then, reach moment of open mode, postpone shutter speed at aperture.
Here, under long burnt situation, imaging sensitivity increases to 1/380 second near above-mentioned camera-shake second gradually, and imaging sensitivity begins to fix when imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 100.Then, regulate exposure by postponing shutter speed.
On the other hand, under the situation of wide-angle, imaging sensitivity increases to 1/38 second near camera-shake second gradually, and imaging sensitivity is fixed when imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 100.Then, regulate exposure by postponing shutter speed.Then, when shutter speed all becomes 1/2 second under the situation of long Jiao and wide-angle, when ISO 400 is defined as the upper limit, by regulating exposure to increasing to as sensitivity than dark areas.
In addition, Figure 10 is the program diagram of category-B exposure control program.In Figure 10, also show wide-angle and long burnt typically, and middle zoom district is positioned between expression wide-angle and the long two burnt lines.This Type B program is not carried out pixel addition and is read.In addition, iso sensitivity is restricted to ISO 200 or lower basically.Like this, improve the image fineness, obtained the balance between picture noise and the shutter speed simultaneously.That is, the Type B program is when laying particular emphasis on the image fineness, and is more than the category-A restriction to the influence that causes owing to camera-shake.
The high brightness side is set at basic sensitivity I SO 64, and, with bright outside corresponding BV11 (corresponding) with the EV15 among the ISO 100 in, aperture is set to F8, shutter speed was set to 1/100 second.In Figure 10, when brightness becomes darker than BV11, when keeping shutter speed, open aperture.Then, reach moment of open mode, postpone shutter speed at aperture.
Under long burnt situation, after 1/380 second that gradually imaging sensitivity is increased near above-mentioned camera-shake second, imaging sensitivity is fixed when imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 200.Then, regulate exposure by postponing shutter speed.
On the other hand, under the situation of wide-angle, imaging sensitivity increases to 1/38 second near camera-shake second gradually, and imaging sensitivity is fixed when imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 200.Then, regulate exposure by postponing shutter speed.
Then, when shutter speed all becomes 1/2 second under the situation of long Jiao and wide-angle, when ISO400 is defined as the upper limit, by regulating exposure to increasing to as sensitivity than dark areas.
Figure 11 is the program diagram of C class exposure control program.In Figure 11, also show wide-angle and long burnt typically, and middle zoom district is positioned between expression wide-angle and the long two burnt lines.This C class method allows under normal non-addition read mode the imaging sensitivity up to ISO 400.So, under the situation that can not keep, read mode is changed into the addition read mode according to the shutter speed of camera shake second low 1 or 2 grade (step), increase to as sensitivity thus and prevent camera-shake.That is, the C class method make can carry out the scope maximum that non-addition reads in, only under the situation that camera-shake may occur, just carry out addition and read.In other words, the C class method is set to non-addition and reads the combination process that reads with addition, and it lays particular emphasis on the image fineness.
The high brightness side is set at basic sensitivity I SO 64.With bright outside corresponding BV11 (corresponding) with the EV16 among the ISO 100 in, aperture is set to F8, shutter speed was set to 1/100 second.If it is darker than BV11 that brightness becomes, then when keeping shutter speed, open aperture.Then, reach moment of open mode, postpone shutter speed at aperture.
Here, under long burnt situation, imaging sensitivity increases to 1/760 second near (above-mentioned camera-shake 1/380 second second half) gradually.Then, when imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 400, read mode is changed into the addition read mode, to prevent camera-shake.Under the addition read mode, handle at first from being 9 times ISO 576 of basic sensitivity.Under this state, although control so that shutter speed is not less than 1/190 (it is the camera-shake twice of second), imaging sensitivity increases to maximum ISO 2400.Then, after imaging sensitivity reached ISO2400, imaging sensitivity was fixed, and then, shutter speed was being controlled exposure when low speed side changes.
On the other hand, under the situation of wide-angle, when shutter speed is equal to or less than 1/1000 second,, imaging sensitivity controls exposure by being increased to ISO 100.Then, imaging sensitivity is fixed as ISO 100, and postpones shutter speed, control thus exposes.Then, imaging sensitivity increased once more gradually from about 1/38 second (camera-shake second).When imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 200, fixedly regulate exposure by making imaging sensitivity, postpone shutter speed then.In addition, under the situation of wide-angle, reach 1/95 second moment of (it is four times of camera-shake second), expose control till imaging sensitivity becomes ISO 400 in shutter speed.In addition, under the situation of wide-angle, become moment with the incompatible brightness of ISO 400 in imaging sensitivity under the state of 1/9.5 second (it is four times of camera-shake second), read mode becomes the addition read mode.Then, when being set at the upper limit, ISO 2400 increases to picture sensitivity, and the control that exposes, so that shutter speed postpones to be no more than 1/9.5.
Imaging sensitivity under long Jiao and wide-angle situation all is under the state of ISO 2400, under the disabled situation of 1/9.5 second shutter speed, controls exposure by the maximum that makes the shutter speed delay reach 1/2 second.
Here, in the C class method, be provided with the hysteresis (under long burnt situation, be the a-quadrant of Figure 11, and be the B zone of Figure 11) of about 1 grade (stage) at the change point place between addition read mode and the non-addition read mode under the situation of wide-angle.This is because when addition read mode and non-addition read mode change mutually, that is, when the addition pixel size changed (in this case, 1 pixel and 9 pixels change mutually), image fineness or noise rank changed as mentioned above.That is, changing the some place, other variation of the variation of image fineness and noise level becomes discontinuous.Therefore, changing point the user and taking under the situation of multiple photos, even under the substantially the same situation of brightness or structure, also have addition read mode image and non-addition read mode image simultaneously.Therefore, exist the user to produce the danger of factitious sensation.Therefore, as shown in figure 11, by hysteresis is set, can changes greatly and prevent the vibration (hunting) of read schemes under the constant situation of structure in brightness.
In addition, the intensity of variation of the imaging sensitivity that can set greater than the user usually of the intensity of variation of the imaging sensitivity that changes owing to pixel addition.Particularly, in the example of Figure 11, changing the some place, imaging sensitivity is changed into ISO 400 from ISO 64.The change rate is 6.25 times, and the change rate when changing non-addition read mode and 9 pixel addition read modes is 9 times.Changing the some place, when keeping shutter speed, regulate exposure by closing aperture.
For example, under long burnt situation, read mode is changed into the addition read mode if attempt, then opening (F3.7) and shutter speed at ISO 400, aperture is under 1/190 second the state, and the minimum imaging sensitivity in the addition read mode process is set at ISO 576 (it is 9 times of ISO 64).Therefore, under the shutter speed of F3.7 and 1/190 second, overexposure has appearred.Here, when regulating exposure by the delay shutter speed, the position (situation) of camera-shake or object shake changes point at this and locates to change discontinuously.In this case, although be in the state of deepening a little, shutter speed changes to high-speed side, thereby variation naturally that the shake of camera-shake or object diminishes occurred.Therefore, when shutter speed is fixing, close aperture, regulate exposure thus.Then, under the situation of the further also deepening that descends of object brightness, at first control exposure by opening aperture.Then, reach moment of open mode, increase to picture sensitivity, and control exposure by the amplifier gain that increases gain variable amplifier 115a at aperture.
As mentioned above, in first embodiment, change under the situation of addition read mode in the brightness reduction and with non-addition read mode, perhaps under the situation that the addition calculation when reading changes, at first close aperture, and control exposure under the state that shutter speed is fixed.Under the situation of brightness deepening, before opening aperture, control exposure by under the fixing state of imaging sensitivity and shutter speed, opening aperture.Under the situation of the further deepening of brightness under the state that aperture is opened, change over picture sensitivity, and the control exposure.
Figure 12 is the program diagram of D class exposure control program.In Figure 12, also show wide-angle and long burnt typically, and middle zoom district is positioned between expression wide-angle and the long two burnt lines.In this D class method,, can when camera-shake, keep the brightness range of shutter speed to be set at wide as much as possible in order to limit the shake of camera-shake or object.In addition, under the disabled situation of non-addition read mode, increase to picture sensitivity, then, prevent camera-shake by read mode being changed into the addition read mode.
In addition, the iso sensitivity under the non-addition read mode is restricted to maximum ISO 250, thus the noise rank is restricted to the rank that can tolerate for browsing.That is, the D class method is set to lay particular emphasis on the combination process with non-addition read mode and addition read mode that reduces camera-shake and object shake and limited images noise.
The high brightness side is set at basic sensitivity I SO 64; Locating with bright outside corresponding BV11 (corresponding with the EV16 among the ISO 100), aperture is set to F8; And shutter speed is set at 1/100 second.If it is darker than BV11 that brightness becomes, then when keeping shutter speed, open aperture.Then, reach moment of open mode, postpone shutter speed at aperture.
Here, under long burnt situation, imaging sensitivity increases to gradually near 1/760 second (it is half the shutter speed of above camera-shake second).Then, when imaging sensitivity reaches ISO250, imaging sensitivity is fixed, then, postponed shutter speed, regulate exposure thus.Then, the shutter speed when camera-shake is changed into the addition read mode with present mode during near 1/380 second.The addition read mode is at first from being 9 times ISO 576 of basic sensitivity.Under this state, when shutter speed being controlled to be when being not less than 1/760 second, imaging sensitivity increases to maximum ISO 2400.After imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 2400, imaging sensitivity is fixed, control exposure when shutter speed is postponed then.
On the other hand, under the situation of wide-angle, when shutter speed is equal to or less than 1/1000 second, control exposure, till imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 100 by increasing to as sensitivity.Then, imaging sensitivity is fixed as ISO 100, and postpones shutter speed, control exposure thus.In addition, imaging sensitivity increases near camera-shake 1/38 second during second once more gradually.When imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 250, imaging sensitivity is fixed, and postponed shutter speed, regulate exposure thus.In addition, become 1/19 second at camera-shake moment of (it is the twice of camera-shake second), read mode is changed into the addition read mode.At first, the addition read mode is from being 9 times ISO 576 of basic sensitivity.Under this state, shutter speed to be controlled so that its shutter speed when being not less than camera-shake in 1/38 second, imaging sensitivity increases to maximum ISO 2400.After imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 2400, imaging sensitivity is fixed, then, postpone shutter speed, control exposure thus.
In the D class method, with identical in the C class method, the change point place between non-addition read mode and addition read mode is provided with hysteresis.Yet, different in that non-addition read mode is changed under the situation of addition read mode in the D class method with the C class method, use aperture and shutter speed to solve the increase of imaging sensitivity simultaneously.This be because, in the D class method, imaging sensitivity changes from ISO 250 to ISO 576, therefore, can increase its rate of change by any one that set in aperture and the shutter speed, thereby prevent the discontinuous remarkable change of camera-shake and object shake or object depth.
Figure 13 is the program diagram of E class exposure control program.In Figure 13, also show wide-angle and long burnt typically, and middle zoom district is positioned between expression wide-angle and the long two burnt lines.In the E class method, be minimum by noise limit with image, even for object, also can when browsing, on whole image, easily obtain the smoothed image of no roughness with relatively low brightness.In the E class method, the iso sensitivity in the non-addition read mode process is restricted to maximum ISO200.In addition, the imaging sensitivity in the addition read mode process is restricted to maximum ISO 1440.Like this, the noise rank becomes good.That is to say that the E class method is set to lay particular emphasis on the non-addition read mode of limited images noise and the combination process of addition read mode.
The high brightness side is set at basic sensitivity I SO 64; With bright outside corresponding BV11 (corresponding) with the EV16 among the ISO 100 in, be F8 with aperture settings; And shutter speed is set at 1/100 second.When brightness becomes darker than BV11, when keeping shutter speed, open aperture.Then, reach moment of open mode, shutter speed is postponed at aperture.
Here, under long burnt situation, imaging sensitivity increases to gradually near 1/760 (it is half the shutter speed of camera-shake second).Reach moment of ISO 100 in imaging sensitivity, imaging sensitivity is fixed, and postpone shutter speed, adjust exposure thus.When shutter speed during near 1/190 second (it is the camera-shake twice of second), exposure is controlled, imaging sensitivity is increased once more.Reach moment of ISO 200 in imaging sensitivity, read mode is changed into the addition read mode.This addition read mode is at first from being 9 times ISO 576 of basic sensitivity.Under this state, shutter speed is being controlled so that when it was not less than 1/190 second (it is the twice of camera-shake second), imaging sensitivity increased to maximum ISO 1440.After imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 1440, imaging sensitivity is fixed, then, when postponing shutter speed, exposure is controlled.
On the other hand, under the situation of wide-angle, when shutter speed becomes 1/38 second of camera-shake second, control exposure by increasing to, till imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 100 as sensitivity.Then, imaging sensitivity is fixed as ISO 100, and postpones shutter speed, control exposure thus.Then, imaging sensitivity is from increasing gradually once more near 1/19 second (it is the shutter speed of camera-shake twice second).After imaging sensitivity reached ISO 200, read mode was changed into the addition read mode.This addition read mode is at first from being 9 times ISO 576 of basic sensitivity.Under this state, shutter speed is being controlled so that when it was not less than 1/38 second the shutter speed of camera-shake during second, imaging sensitivity increased to maximum ISO 1440.After imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 1440, imaging sensitivity is fixed, then, postpone shutter speed, thus exposure is controlled.
Here, identical with the C class method in the E class method, also be provided with hysteresis at the change point place of read mode.
Figure 14 is the program diagram of F class exposure control program.In Figure 14, also show wide-angle and long burnt typically, and middle zoom district is positioned between expression wide-angle and the long two burnt lines.This F class method is set to all the time 9 pixels to be carried out addition and fixed routine is read in the addition of reading.Like this, shutter is operated at high speed, and the pixel size when reading is restricted to minimum, takes thereby make it possible to carry out high-speed and continuous.
The high brightness side is set at ISO 576 (it is 9 times of basic sensitivity I SO 64); With bright outside corresponding BV9 (corresponding) with the EV17 of ISO 100 in, be F8 with aperture settings; And shutter speed is set at 1/2000 second.When brightness becomes darker than BV9, when keeping shutter speed, open aperture.The moment that reaches open mode at aperture postpones shutter speed.
Under long burnt situation, when shutter speed became 1/380 second of camera-shake second, imaging sensitivity increased gradually, and regulated exposure under the fixing state of shutter speed.When imaging sensitivity reaches ISO 2400, imaging sensitivity is fixed, and postponed shutter speed, regulate exposure thus.On the other hand, this also is applicable to the situation of wide-angle.That is, imaging sensitivity at first increases to 1/38 second of about camera-shake second.
As shown in Figure 15 A, category-A is summarized to the content of the six classes exposure control program of F class.In first embodiment, suitably select and use this six classes exposure control program according to image-forming condition.Figure 15 B shows the combination of screening-mode and the exposure control program of selecting according to this screening-mode.The dominant record pixel is represented the dominant record pixel size under each screening-mode.For example, be under the situation of 5M (5,000,000 pixel) in the dominant record pixel, come executive logging with the recording pixel size that equates with the pixel size of under non-addition read mode situation, gathering.Under the addition record pattern, to set with 670,000 pixels to 5 by calculating according to interpolation, the image that 000,000 pixel or suitable magnitude are gathered comes executive logging.In addition, be under the situation of 3M (3,000,000 pixel) in the dominant record pixel, by to adjusting, come with 3,000 000 pixel executive logging less than the pixel size of the pixel size of under the situation of non-addition read mode, being gathered.On the other hand, under the addition read mode, calculating according to interpolation and will be adjusted into 3,000,000 pixel or suitable executive logging after the magnitude with the size of the image of 670,000 pixel scale collections.
Here, in the example of Figure 15 B, under the situation of simple and easy pattern, the dominant record pixel size is restricted to 3,000,000 pixel.With identical under simple mode, under the situation of addition read mode and the coexistence of non-addition read mode (in Figure 15 B, having selected the C class to the screening-mode of E class method), pixel size between the pixel size that can be by the recording pixel size being fixed as non-addition read mode and the pixel size of addition read mode reduces the quick variation of picture characteristics when read mode changes.Particularly, reduced the difference of image fineness, and adjusted operation, also reduced the noise that under non-addition read mode, in image, produces by carrying out size.Therefore, image under the non-addition read mode and the noise variance between the image under the addition read mode have been reduced.Therefore, even read mode automatically changes, the user also can have factitious sensation hardly.In addition, under simple and easy pattern, do not need to increase the capacity of record data, therefore needn't worry to be recorded in the minimizing of the amount of images in the recording medium.
On the other hand, under other screening-modes, even under the situation of addition read mode and the coexistence of non-addition read mode, also the dominant record pixel size can be set at 5,000,000 pixel.This is because when the recording pixel size is big, be not that beginner's user can be reflected the imaging intention more significantly.In addition, can be by carrying out changing the recording pixel size such as the operation of arrow key 9.
In addition, the frequent pattern of using such as simple and easy pattern, physical culture pattern, landscape configuration, Portrait and night scene mode of domestic consumer.Therefore, under the darker situation of brightness,, provide the program of automatically read mode being changed into the addition read mode in order to prevent tangible camera-shake.In these screening-modes, no thoroughfare, and read mode selector button 5 is selected read mode.
On the other hand, such as the consideration of (M) pattern of program schema, aperture priority (A)/shutter priority (S)/manually under the situation of aperture and the shutter speed screening-mode of taking pictures, do not carry out the automatic switchover that the addition of pixel output is read.In this case, (that is, can select category-A or F class) read in the user's addition that can select whether to carry out pixel output.Can carry out this selection by read mode selector button 5.
That is to say, this camera comprise scheme (AUTO) that the addition that judges whether to carry out the output of addition pixel is automatically read and if the user not have to select whether to carry out the addition that pixel exports and read, then do not carry out the scheme (addition is fixed or non-addition is fixed) of any change.Therefore, can easily carry out controlling reading of best pixel according to user preference by a camera.
Below will be to showing that according to screening-mode read schemes describes on LCD display 5a.On the LCD display 5a that is arranged on the camera side, show the scheme of coming read pixel according to the screening-mode of current setting.For example, be set at screening-mode rotating disk 7 under the situation of simple and easy or physical culture, select the D class as the exposure control program, shown in Figure 15 B.This D class is set to automatically change the scheme that the addition of whether carrying out pixel output is read according to the brightness of object and zoom state (focal length).Therefore, indicating device 5b lights in LCD display 5a automatic (AUTO) part.
In addition, be set at screening-mode rotating disk 7 under the situation of (AUTO) automatically, select category-A as the exposure control program.Be set at this rotating disk under the situation of PH1, select category-B as the exposure control program.In these cases, be set at non-addition read mode all the time.Therefore, indicating device 5b lights in " non-addition " part of LCD display 5a.In addition, be set at screening-mode rotating disk 7 under the situation of P or A/S/M, light the indicating device 5b of non-addition or addition according to the scheme of selecting by read mode selector button 5 by the user.In addition, make under the situation fixing such as the addition read mode of PH2, indicating device 5b lights in " addition " part of LCD display 5a.
As mentioned above, according to the camera of first embodiment can show on the LCD display 5a that scheme that the addition that determines whether to carry out pixel output under the current shooting pattern is read is fixed or automatically.Therefore,, can judge easily also that the addition of pixel output is read automatically or be fixing for each selected screening-mode even do not consult user's manual etc.In addition, be used to show that the LCD display 5a of the selection result that the addition of whether carrying out pixel output is read is arranged near the read mode selector button 5, make thus and can easily check the pixel read schemes of selecting by manual setting.
In addition, in this camera, under the situation of the scheme of manually having selected read pixel output, with this information stores in camera.Therefore, even change at read mode under the situation of another screening-mode, also can keep reading the relevant information of selection result that reads with non-addition with the addition of pixel output.Particularly, screening-mode rotating disk 7 is set to select under the situation of non-addition under the state of P therein, even screening-mode rotating disk 7 is set to A/S/M from the P state, also the system with read pixel output is chosen as non-addition.Therefore, can avoid carrying out the risk of imaging with setting unwillingly.
Now following display is described, this display be used for actual inspection the scheme of the pixel of reading images acquisition device 114 output to read the addition of having set pixel output constantly also be non-addition.As mentioned above, under situation about automaticallying switch under the screening-mode, the indicating device 5b of LCD display 5a is lighting in part automatically at addition read mode and non-addition read mode.At this moment, show, so that can on back LCD plate 10 or view finder 6, judge the addition or the non-addition of pixel output.
For example, under simple and easy pattern, let us is considered the situation of imaging under long burnt state.In brightness is under the situation of BV11 (corresponding with the EV16 among the ISO 100), is F8 with aperture settings, and shutter speed is set at 1/1000 second.In this case, as mentioned above, read mode is set to non-addition read mode.Here, under the state of not pressing release-push 3, on back LCD plate 10, show aperture and shutter speed, shown in the label 10a shown in Figure 16 A.In this state, when the user partly presses release-push 3, start the operation that is prepared to picture, and camera is carried out, and photometering is handled and AF handles.Like this, focal length is fixed, and exposure also is fixed.Simultaneously, shown in Figure 16 B, show " non-addition " character 10b, to be illustrated in the pixel of reading images acquisition device 114 under the non-addition read mode.
On the other hand, the pattern of read pixel is set to the addition read mode under the dark slightly situation of BV1.5.For example, with ISO 2400 corresponding imaging sensitivity under, be F3.7 with aperture settings, shutter speed is set at 1/125 second.In this case, shown in Figure 16 C, " addition " character 10c that has shown the demonstration 10a of f-number F3.7 and shutter speed 1/125 and be illustrated in read pixel under the addition read mode.
As mentioned above, in first embodiment, determining that by carrying out imaging beamhouse operation (for example, partly pressing release-push 3) moment of luminosity carries out the demonstration of remarked pixel read mode.Therefore, the user can easily judge under which pattern in addition read mode and non-addition read mode and carried out imaging.
Here, in the example of 16C, shown character at Figure 16 A such as addition or non-addition.Yet,, can show the ISO value not hiding under the situation of (wrap) iso sensitivity by showing with the corresponding symbol of character or not having.In addition, can change the Show Color of the value of aperture or shutter speed.
To describe automatic anti-earthquake pattern (the AUTO-UV pattern among Figure 15 B) below.This AUTO-UV pattern is set to following pattern, this pattern is used for sensing at camera the size of camera-shake, and under the situation of degradation that causes owing to camera-shake, automatically pixel is exported read mode and changed into the addition read mode greater than the deterioration of the image fineness that causes owing to the addition read mode.Like this, improved shutter speed, the feasible thus influence that can limit camera-shake.By screening-mode rotating disk 7 being adjusted to scene (SCENE) and in the middle of some patterns that can from scene mode, select, being set the AUTO-UV pattern, select the AUTO-UV pattern by arrow key 9.
Figure 17 is the flow chart of the flow process of the processing operation under the AUTO-UV pattern that is illustrated among first embodiment.In Figure 17, set the AUTO-UV pattern, and be created as the picture wait state, till the user has carried out first releasing operation (step S101).Under this imaging wait state, sequential controller 113 judges whether the user has carried out first releasing operation (step S102).Carry out this judgement, till the user has carried out first releasing operation.In step S102, carried out the user under the situation of first releasing operation, sequential controller 113 is carried out photometering and is handled operation (step S103) and AF processing operation (step S104).Simultaneously, 113 pairs of outputs from main track counting circuit 112 of sequential controller are monitored repeatedly, and read camera-shake amount (step S105) in real time.
Next, sequential controller 113 judges whether the user has carried out second releasing operation (step S106).Do not carry out second releasing operation if in step S106, be judged to be, then work as pre-treatment and turn back to step S103.Then, repeating step S104 is to the operation of S106, till having carried out second releasing operation.On the other hand, be judged to be in step S106 under the situation of having carried out second releasing operation, sequential controller 113 is carried out exposure calculating, the shutter speed when coming calculation exposure with the photometering result according to step S103 or f-number (step S107).The control program that will expose is set at category-A.
Then, sequential controller 113 is according to the camera-shake situation that just in time obtained from the output of main track counting circuit 112 before carrying out second releasing operation, and the shutter speed that in step S107, obtains, the amount of exercise of the image on the image acquisition device of predicting when the imaging 114 is estimated.
For example, the amount of exercise of image is under the situation of 12 pixel scale on the image acquisition device 114 in time period of 1/30 second before second releasing operation just in time, can predict, when the shutter speed when exposure was 1/125 second, the image motion amount during actual exposure will be 3 pixel scale.The motion of image has been shown among Figure 18 A.Here, the scope (in 200 inside, zone shown in Figure 5) that reads less than 9 pixel addition of the flating of 3 pixel scale.Therefore, when carrying out addition and read, the deterioration that reads the image fineness that causes owing to addition has bigger influence than the image deterioration that causes owing to camera-shake, therefore, can produce better photo when not carrying out addition and read.Therefore, in this case, read with non-addition and to expose.That is, select category-A as the exposure control program.
On the contrary, for example, is under the situation of 40 pixel scale on the image acquisition device 114 at the amount of exercise of image for 1/30 second time period before second releasing operation just in time, can predict, when the shutter speed when in exposure was 1/125 second, the amount of exercise of image will be 10 pixel scale during actual exposure.The motion of this image has been shown in Figure 18 B.When having obtained about 10 pixels, read by the addition of carrying out pixel output and to improve imaging sensitivity, can be used as the result that flating reduces thus and obtain good photo.Therefore, in this case, before exposure, read mode changed into the addition read mode.That is, select the F class as the exposure control program.Like this, shutter can be operated with 1/500 second magnitude, and the flating amount in the exposure cycle is 2.5 pixel scale.Here, to have carried out added pixels be 5 * 5 pixel scale (existing therein in the scope of same color pixel of 9 pixels) although read by addition, reads by addition, reduced image deterioration more significantly.
In order to carry out this judgement, for the shutter speed under the situation of carrying out imaging by category-A exposure control program, sequential controller 113 judges whether the amount of movement of the foreseeable image that causes owing to the camera-shake before second releasing operation just in time is scheduled volume, for example, whether be equal to or less than 7 pixels (step S108).Obtain the value of 7 pixels in the same manner with pixel value that can appropriate change.Process decision chart is as under the situation of amount of exercise less than 7 pixels in step S108, and step S108 is branched off into step S109, and wherein sequential controller 113 selects category-A as exposure control program (step S109).On the other hand, process decision chart is under the situation of 7 pixels or more a plurality of pixels as amount of exercise in step S108, and sequential controller 113 selects the F class as exposure control program (step S110).In this case, sequential controller 113 is carried out exposure control again, to obtain the optimum exposure condition (step S111) in the F class exposure control program.
Determined conditions of exposure in category-A or F class after, sequential controller 113 is carried out exposure (step S112) under determined conditions of exposure.That is,, carry out aperture control or fast gate control etc. according to conditions of exposure of in step S107, determining or the conditions of exposure in step S111, determined.Then, select in step S109 under the situation of category-A exposure control program, sequential controller 113 reads the electric charge that is accumulated on the image acquisition device 114 under non-addition read mode.In step S110, select to read driver 116 to the image acquisition device instruction is provided under the situation of F class exposure control program, read (step S113) under the addition read mode, to carry out.Then, utilize image processing circuit 118a and image processing circuit 118b to come carries out image processing (step S114).Then, treated image is presented on LCD plate 10 grades of back (step S115), treated image is compressed, and compressed image is recorded in (step S116) in the recording medium 121.Then, turn back to step S102 when pre-treatment.
Below the record of the image among the step S115 is described.In camera according to first embodiment, under the situation of document image, following information is written in the recording medium 121 with image, whether this information and expression carry out the addition that addition reads to image and read in image acquisition device 114, and in that to have carried out having produced how many addition pixels under the situation that addition reads relevant.This information is recorded in the head that is added into view data, for example shown in Figure 19 A.Then, also based on this information, relevant information is read in the addition when showing with reproduction.For example, shown in above-mentioned example, reading under the situation of having carried out exposure the demonstration 10d that when the reconstruction of image, carries out " addition 9 " shown in Figure 19 B by the addition of 9 pixels.On the other hand,, do not show, shown in Figure 19 C not reading under the situation of carrying out exposure by addition.By carrying out this demonstration, when the customer inspection image, can check reading of the pixel output of under which kind of read mode, having carried out image acquisition device 114.
As mentioned above, under automatic anti-earthquake pattern (AUTO-UV pattern) according to first embodiment, camera-shake is very little and read even without carrying out addition estimating, the influence of the camera-shake in the exposure process also is equal to or less than under the situation of intended level, carries out and non-addition read mode corresponding exposure.In addition, do not carrying out under the situation that addition reads estimating, the influence of the camera-shake in the exposure process is equal to or greater than under the situation of intended level, carries out and addition read mode corresponding exposure.Like this, only in picture quality because camera-shake and significantly under the situation of deterioration, read mode is just automatically changed into the addition read mode.Therefore, when keeping the maximum image fineness, can prevent to get access to the photograph of the extreme deterioration that causes owing to camera-shake.
In addition, according to just in time before second releasing operation situation of camera-shake judge whether read mode is changed into the addition read mode.The closely-related information of situation of camera-shake that therefore, can be according to actual exposure the time changes read mode.
[second embodiment]
Below the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.Figure 20 is the block diagram of the detailed internal structure of the camera among expression second embodiment.Camera according to second embodiment shown in Figure 20 in its configuration aspects to similar according to the camera of first embodiment, its difference is, according to output as the image motion vector counting circuit 123 of flating testing circuit, rather than, carry out the detection of the camera-shake amount under the AUTO-UV pattern according to output based on the main track counting circuit 112 of angular-rate sensor X 108 and angular-rate sensor Y 109.Therefore, in Figure 20, omitted angular-rate sensor X 108, angular-rate sensor Y 109, analog processing circuit 110 and analog to digital converter 111, and main track counting circuit 112.
Figure 21 is the concept map that is used for the operation of presentation video motion vector computation circuit 123.For example, before second releasing operation,, and on view finder 6 and back LCD plate 10, show image based on the output of reading thus with the output of reading images acquisition device 114 repeatedly of 1/30 second cycle.This is called as that the instantaneously browsing image shows or instantaneously browsing demonstration etc., and this is that composition (construction) when being specified to picture is required.
Here, for example, suppose moment T be positioned at the label 301 shown in Figure 21 A the position object picture the moment of next time reading (having passed through T+1/30 second) owing to camera-shake moves to the position shown in the label 302.The motion of the identical patterns (object images) in 123 pairs of two frame computed image being obtained during this is 1/30 second of image motion vector counting circuit is calculated the motion vector between the frame, thus shown in Figure 21 B.In a second embodiment, suppose in image motion vector counting circuit 123 motion vector that calculates to described in first embodiment according to the output of main track counting circuit 112 and detected camera-shake is similar.Then, the processing of carrying out under the AUTO-UV pattern described in Figure 17 is operated.That is, the difference of second embodiment and first embodiment only is that the camera-shake amount among the step S105 detects to handle and carried out by image motion vector counting circuit 123.
As mentioned above, in a second embodiment, therefore detected image amount of jitter in the image motion vector counting circuit, does not need the output processing circuit of angular-rate sensor or angular-rate sensor.Therefore, reduced size or reduced cost effectively.
[the 3rd embodiment]
The following describes the third embodiment of the present invention.The 3rd embodiment is set to the combination of first embodiment and second embodiment.Under the AUTO-UV pattern, sensing is all carried out in the flating that causes to the flating (object shake) that causes owing to motion of objects and owing to camera-shake, thereby reduces flating.More specifically, in the 3rd embodiment, use the shake sensing that is undertaken by motion vector computation that is used to detect the dynamic shake sensing of camera-shake and is used for sensing image shake in combination, thus the sensing image deterioration.Then, the addition of whether carrying out pixel output read change, thereby reduce detected camera-shake.
Figure 22 is the flow chart of the flow process of the processing operation under the AUT0-UV pattern among expression the 3rd embodiment.For the processing operation identical, omitted the explanation that repeats with processing operation shown in Figure 17.In Figure 22, the processing operation of step S101 to the step S107 is with shown in Figure 17 identical.Yet it is to calculate enlightening according to main track to receive the output on road 112 and carry out that camera-shake amount among the step S105 detects.
After having finished exposure calculating, carrying out under the situation of imaging with category-A exposure control program, sequential controller 113 bases are based on the output of the main track counting circuit 112 of the output of angular-rate sensor X 108 and angular-rate sensor Y 109, judge during shutter speed whether the amount of exercise of the image of predicting according to the camera-shake before second releasing operation just in time is equal to or greater than 7 pixels (step S117).Judge at step S117 under the situation of amount of exercise less than 7 pixels of the image that causes owing to camera-shake that sequential controller 113 judges whether the flating amount of being calculated by image motion vector counting circuit 123 is 7 pixels or more a plurality of pixel (step S118).Here, although judged the flating amount in step S118, the flating amount among the step S118 depends on the object shake, and this is because judged that in step S117 camera-shake is less.
Under the situation of the amount of exercise of process decision chart picture less than 7 pixels, sequential controller 113 selects category-A as exposure control program (step S119) in step S118.On the other hand, in step S117 or step S118, be equal to or greater than under the situation of 7 pixels at the amount of exercise of image, sequential controller 113 selects the F classes as exposure control program (step S120).In this case, sequential controller 113 is carried out exposure calculating again, to obtain the optimum exposure condition (step S121) in the F class exposure control program.
Follow-up step S122 identical to the processing operation of step S126 and step S112 to step S116.Therefore, the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
As mentioned above,, shake both, the probability that shortcoming is taken occurs so can reduce more significantly because can prevent camera-shake and object according to the 3rd embodiment.In addition, come the sensing camera-shake by angular-rate sensor, therefore, even causing being difficult to detect under the situation of camera-shake owing to the sensing image shake, perhaps under the situation that error (for example low contrast object, regular pattern object or dark object) might occur, also can correctly detect camera-shake.
In addition, by technology according to the 3rd embodiment, even for the camera of proofreading and correct camera-shake with optics or mechanical system, also can be by object shake carrying out sensing to preventing, read by the addition of pixel output then and improve shutter speed, prevent the shortcoming shooting.That is, present embodiment is very useful in the camera that comprises the camera-shake correction mechanism.
[the 4th embodiment]
Below the 4th embodiment will be described.The 4th embodiment is set to the modified example of the 3rd embodiment.That is, the difference of the 4th embodiment and the 3rd embodiment is, is calculated the amount of jitter of the image in the picture that comprises camera-shake and object shake by image motion vector counting circuit 123, and selects the control program that exposes according to the maximum of its amount of jitter.Shown in Figure 20 identical according to the structure of the camera of the 4th embodiment and second embodiment.
Figure 23 is the concept map that is used for illustrating according to the operation of the image motion vector counting circuit 123 of the camera of the 4th embodiment.Image motion vector counting circuit 123 among the 4th embodiment is 9 zones from A to I with the internal separation of picture, and by comparing the motion of calculating the image in each zone with former frame each time, and gather the instantaneously browsing image.
Here, in example shown in Figure 23, owing to camera-shake makes whole image move right.In addition, this example is set to exist among the regional F in the picture example of the automobile that is being moved to the left.At this moment, suppose the amount of exercise of the amount of exercise of the whole image that causes owing to camera-shake for 3 pixels in the exposure that causes owing to the category-A program.In addition, the amount of exercise of assumed vehicle is the amount of 10 pixels in the exposure process that causes owing to the category-A program.Calculate the amount of exercise of automobile by the pattern shift between last instantaneously browsing image and the new instantaneously browsing image of gathering.
In the 4th embodiment, change pixel output read mode according to the momental maximum that obtains at each zone.For example, in example shown in Figure 23, suppose that the flating in the All Ranges is all very little, but the object shake is very big, then carries out the addition of pixel output and read.
Figure 24 is the flow chart of the flow process of the processing operation under the AUTO-UV pattern among expression the 4th embodiment.Omission is for the repeat specification of processing operation same as shown in Figure 17.In Figure 24, the processing operation from step S101 to step S107 is identical with processing operation shown in Figure 17.Yet, in image motion vector counting circuit 123, the amount of jitter among each the regional execution in step S105 in the picture is detected.
After finishing exposure calculating, sequential controller 113 judges in each regional detected amount of exercise any one whether be equal to or greater than 7 pixels (step S127).All under the situation less than 7 pixels, sequential controller 113 selects category-As exposure control program (step S128) to the amount of exercise of judging the image in the All Ranges in step S127.On the other hand, judge that in step S127 the amount of exercise of the image in any one zone is equal to or greater than under the situation of 7 pixels, sequential controller 113 selects the F class as exposure control program (step S129).In this case, sequential controller 113 is carried out exposure control again, to obtain the optimum exposure condition (step S130) in the F class exposure control program.
Follow-up step S131 is identical to the processing operation of S116 with step S112 shown in Figure 17 to the processing operation of step S135.Therefore, the repetitive description thereof will be omitted herein.
As mentioned above, in the 4th embodiment, picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and to each regional detected image amount of exercise, thereby can detects the camera-shake of mobile entire image.In addition, can also detect the object that partly appears in the picture with high probability shakes.Like this, can prevent the image deterioration that produces owing to the image motion between exposure period reliably.
Here, in above-mentioned first to the 4th embodiment, under the situation that the output of the pixel in image acquisition device execution addition is read, the quantity of addition pixel can not be 9 pixels, and can be the pixel of another quantity, for example 4 pixels or 16 pixels.Yet, in this case,, preferably obtain square pixel size that obtains by integer in order to obtain unified vertical and horizontal image resolution.In addition, the image acquisition device can be cmos sensor or another transducer beyond the CCD scheme.In addition, above-mentioned category-A to the setting program line (lines) of F class can be with described in Fig. 9 to 14 different slightly.
[the 5th embodiment]
Figure 25 A and 25B are the stereoscopic figure that represents respectively according to the camera of the 5th embodiment.Here, Figure 25 A is the front perspective view of this camera of expression, and Figure 25 B is the rear perspective view of this camera of expression.
Shown in Figure 25 A, be provided with image acquisition camera lens 32 and flash light emission part 33 in front as the camera body 31 of camera body.Image acquisition camera lens 32 is arranged in use in the optical system that forms the picture of object on the image acquisition device in the camera.In addition, flash of light is sent under part 33 has low-light level at object the situation or is inferior luminous in the situation of backlight, thereby throws light on for object.
In addition, the end face of camera body 31 is provided with release-push 34 and ZSW 35.Release-push 34 is set to the control member that is made of two step type switches (for example, by partly press first release-push that it opens and by pressing second release-push that it is opened entirely).Photographer opens first release-push, starts the exposure beamhouse operation such as automatic focusing control (AF) and automatic exposure control (AE) thus.In addition, photographer opens second release-push, starts exposing operation thus, and the carries out image record.ZSW 35 is set to the control member by T (long burnt) switch 35a and W (wide-angle) switch 35b formation, is used to start ratio amplification (multiplying) operation of image acquisition camera lens 32.That is, when photographer presses T switch 35a, long coke ratio example amplifieroperation.When pressing W switch 35b, carry out wide-angle ratio amplifieroperation.
In addition, shown in Figure 25 B, the back side of camera body 31 is provided with anti-camera-shake mode setting switch 36, mode of operation changes switch 37, arrow key 38 and LCD monitor 39.In addition, shown in Figure 25 B, the side of camera body 31 is inserted with the lid 40 that is used for recording medium (storage card).
Anti-camera-shake mode setting switch 36 is set to be used for to change the control member of ON (opening)/OFF (pass) of the anti-camera-shake pattern of camera.Photographer operates this anti-camera-shake mode setting switch 36 so that it slides, and carries out the on/off switch of anti-camera-shake pattern thus.This mode of operation changes the control member that switch 37 is set to be used to set the mode of operation of camera.This mode of operation is changed switch 37 operate, so that it slides, the mode of operation with camera switches to power supply pass (OFF) pattern, image reproduction mode, static screening-mode successively thus, is the motion screening-mode then.Arrow key 38 is arranged in use on menu screen of being presented on the LCD monitor 39 etc. various settings is provided.This arrow key 38 is constructed to make that the periphery at central confirming button is provided with four buttons.For example, select the ON/OFF of microspur imaging, auto heterodyne timer and photoflash lamp to set by this arrow key 38, making to provide the setting of other various closed specifications.LCD monitor 39 is set to be used to show the display part of various images (for example, the image that is obtained by photographer, instantaneously browsing image and menu screen).
Figure 26 is the block diagram of expression according to the detailed internal structure of the camera of the 5th embodiment.In Figure 26, come the composed component described in presentation graphs 25A and the 25B by the same numeral shown in Figure 26.
In Figure 26, image acquisition camera lens 32 comprises front lens 32a, zoom lens 32b, aperture 32c and focusing lens 32d.Front lens 32a is set to be used to make the fixed lens group that arrives rear lens group from the luminous flux of object (not shown).Zoom lens 32b is set to be used to change the set of lenses of the focal length of image acquisition camera lens 32.Aperture 32c limits the amount of incident from the luminous flux of object.Focusing lens 32d is set to be used to adjust the set of lenses of the focus state of image acquisition camera lens 32.
Zoom drive system 403 is set to be used to make zoom lens 32b to carry out the driving element that ratio is amplified.Zoom motor 404 is set to be used to drive the motor of zoom drive system 403.In addition, aperture drive system 405 is set to be used to open or close the driving mechanism of aperture 32c.Aperture motor 406 is set to be used to drive the motor of aperture drive system 405.In addition, focusing drive system 407 is set to be used for driving mechanism that focusing lens 32d is focused.Focusing motor 408 is set to be used to drive the motor of focusing drive system 407.409 pairs of zoom motors 404 of motor driver, aperture motor 406 and focusing motor 408 are controlled.
Image acquisition device 410 for example is set to the image acquisition device of CCD system.Image acquisition device 410 is transmitted the CCD transmission channel of the electric charge that is obtained by these pixels etc. and constitutes by a plurality of pixels and being used to.This image acquisition device 410 passes through the picture that each pixel optics ground receives the object that is formed by image acquisition camera lens 32, and produces electric charge according to its light-receiving amount.During the electric charge that produces in reading in image acquisition device 410, image acquisition device drive circuit 411 control charts are as acquisition device 410 and carry out timing controlled.Image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 is according to the electric charge that reads from image acquisition device 410, the simulation process that the signal of telecommunication is scheduled to, with this conversion of signals after the simulation process is digital signal (DID), then the digital signal of being changed is exported to image processing circuit 413.To be elaborated to image acquisition device drive circuit 411 and image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 below.
413 pairs of view data from 412 inputs of image acquisition device output processing circuit of image processing circuit are carried out various image processing operations, for example, and the operation of white balance (WB) treatment for correcting, the operation of YC separating treatment and the operation of γ treatment for correcting.Here, the operation of WB treatment for correcting is to proofread and correct being defined as predetermined reference white from the white the view data of image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 inputs by R, G and B gain to view data, comes the processing operation of the color balance of image correcting data.In addition, YC separating treatment operation is the processing operation that the view data that is used for being made of R signal, G signal and three components of B signal is separated into brightness signal Y and color signal C.In addition, γ treatment for correcting operation is that to be used for γ characteristic correction with view data be to be suitable for printing or the processing operation of characteristics showed.
Compression/decompression circuit 414 is compressed the view data of having been undertaken by image processing circuit 413 handling according to predetermined compression scheme (for example JPEG scheme), perhaps compressing image data is decompressed.Interface of monitor 415 will be converted to the signal that is suitable for showing by the view data that compression/decompression circuit 414 has carried out decompressing, and show on LCD monitor 39.In addition, interface of monitor 415 generates so-called instantaneously browsing image, with the view data that shows that on LCD monitor 39 view data that obtains with the time series in the image acquisition device 410, the time series of handling with image processing circuit 413 obtain.
In addition, image writing circuit 416 reads compressing image data from compression/decompression circuit 414, and with the Imagery Data Recording that read in recording medium 417.This circuit is the view data of reading and recording in recording medium 417 also, and the view data that is read is exported to compression/decompression circuit 414.Recording medium 417 is set to be used for the nonvolatile recording medium of recording image data, and uses that be constructed to can be from the storage card of camera dismounting etc.
Integral body control is carried out in the operation of 418 pairs of cameras of sequential controller, for example, operation to motor driver 409 when imaging is controlled, the operation of image acquisition device drive circuit 411 is controlled, and the operation of image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 is controlled.With having that this sequential controller 418 links to each other: the control member that changes switch 37 and arrow key 38 such as above-mentioned release-push 34, ZSW T 35a and W 35b, anti-camera-shake mode setting switch 36, mode of operation.Sequential controller 418 carries out the various controls (for example, imaging control) of camera according to the mode of operation of these control members.
Camera-shake on the directions X (with reference to Figure 25 A) of angular-rate sensor X 419 detection cameras.In addition, the camera-shake on the Y direction of angular-rate sensor Y 420 detection cameras.These two angular-rate sensors are connected respectively to angular-rate sensor analog processing circuit 421.
The simulation process of the skew in the output of each among angular-rate sensor analog processing circuit 421 execution elimination angular-rate sensor X 419 and the angular-rate sensor Y 420 is operated, and the output of each transducer is amplified.Then, this circuit carries out digitlization to these outputs, and these outputs are transmitted to sequential controller 418.Utilize this structure, constituted the camera shake test section.
Time integral is carried out in 418 pairs of inputs from angular-rate sensor analog processing circuit 421 of sequential controller, and calculates each deflecting angle constantly.Then, sequential controller 418 is based on deflecting angle of being calculated and the focus information relevant with image acquisition camera lens 32, track on track on the directions X of the image that calculating is obtained in image acquisition device 410 and the Y direction (shake track), and carry out and handle, to reduce camera shake according to the shake track that calculates thus.
Here, be used for the transducer that camera shake detects and be not limited to angular-rate sensor.For example, when computing changes, can utilize angular acceleration transducer or a pair of (two) acceleration transducer to carry out camera shake and detect.
Below will be to describing from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges by 411 controls of image acquisition device drive circuit.In the 5th embodiment, can select in following three kinds of read modes any one to come from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges: pixel read mode separately is used for the output of the pixel of individual element ground reading images acquisition device 410; N 2The pixel addition read mode is with N 2Individual pixel is the output that unit (N be 2 or bigger integer) reads the pixel of same color; M 2The pixel addition read mode is after carrying out addition with analog form to output, with M 2Individual pixel be unit (M be 2 or bigger integer and satisfying concern that N＞M) reads the output of the pixel of same color.Therefore, be provided with at image acquisition device 410 places: N 2The charge adder circuit is used for N 2Individual pixel is that unit carries out addition to the pixel output of same color; And M 2The charge adder circuit is used for M 2Individual pixel is that unit carries out addition to the pixel output of same color.
Further specify this three kinds of read modes with reference to Figure 27 below.Here, Figure 27 shows the pixel arrangement of image acquisition device 410.The pattern matrix of Figure 27 presentation video acquisition device 410 is the situation of Bayer array.That is, the front of each pixel of image acquisition device 410 is provided with and the corresponding colour filter of array shown in Figure 27.In the following description, suppose that above-mentioned N is 4 and M is 2, then N 2The pixel addition read mode is called as 16 pixel addition read modes, and M 2The pixel addition read mode is called as 4 pixel addition read modes.
At first, under independent pixel read mode, read electric charge from pixel shown in Figure 27 individual element.For example, be example with the R pixel, in square area shown in Figure 27 500, read the electric charge that produces from 16 pixels forming to R16 by R1 respectively independently.
In addition, under 16 pixel addition read modes, the electric charge that 16 pixels from same color shown in Figure 27 is produced with analog form carries out addition and reads.For example, be example with the R pixel, all electric charges that 16 pixels being made up of to R16 R1 from square area shown in Figure 27 500 are produced carry out addition, read then.This is equally applicable to B pixel and G pixel.Yet, in the Bayer array, there are 32 G pixels in the square area 500, therefore, (the G among Figure 27 of the odd-numbered line in square area 500 2Pixel) between and at the even number line (G among Figure 27 1Pixel) carries out addition between.
In addition, under 4 pixel addition read modes, the electric charge that 4 pixels from same color shown in Figure 27 is produced with analog form carries out addition and reads.For example, be example with the R pixel, respectively to 4 pixel R1 from square area shown in Figure 27 500 to R4,4 pixel R5 to R8, the electric charge that produces to R16 to R12 and 4 pixel R13 of 4 pixel R9 carries out addition and reads.This also is applicable to B pixel and G pixel.Yet, identical for the G pixel with the situation of 16 pixel addition read modes, carry out addition between the odd-numbered line in square area 500 and between even number line.
Figure 28 is the sequential chart that reads timing of the pixel output of the image acquisition device 410 under the independent pixel read mode of expression.In addition, Figure 29 A and 29B represent to be used to carry out the structure of the image acquisition device 410 that independent pixel reads.Here, Figure 29 A is used to illustrate the structure of vertical CCD; And Figure 29 B is used to illustrate the structure of horizontal CCD.Shown in Figure 29 A, the pixel of image acquisition device 410 is connected to vertical CCD 410a via transmission gate A to H respectively.In addition, shown in Figure 29 B, each vertical CCD 410a is connected to horizontal CCD 410b via transmission gate a to h.
As shown in figure 28, the transmission gate of all pixels is controlled, so that it is switching during vertical transfer He during the horizontal transport respectively simultaneously, thereby under the situation of pixel read mode separately, reading of all pixels is regularly all mutually the same.Like this, the electric charge from the pixel of image acquisition device 410 carries out vertical transfer and horizontal transport respectively independently.
Figure 30 is the sequential chart that reads timing of the image acquisition device 410 under the expression 16 pixel addition read modes.In addition, Figure 31 A and 31B represent to be used to carry out the structure of the image acquisition device 410 that 16 pixel addition read.Here, Figure 31 A is used to illustrate the structure of vertical CCD, and Figure 31 B is used to illustrate the structure of horizontal CCD.
Control during at first, to vertical transfer describes.As shown in figure 30, under 16 pixel addition read modes, read regularly T first 1, only transmission gate A and transmission gate B switch, and carry out electric charge and read.Then, transmitting the timing T of the electric charge that read four times 2, only transmission gate C and transmission gate D switch, and carry out electric charge and read.Like this, the electric charge addition each other of the electric charge of the R pixel that reads via transmission gate A and the R pixel that reads via transmission gate C, and the G that reads via transmission gate B 1The electric charge of pixel (with reference to Figure 27) and the G that reads via transmission gate D 1The addition each other of the electric charge of pixel.Next, only transmission gate E and transmission gate F switch, and at the timing T of the electric charge that has transmitted these additions four times 3Carry out reading of electric charge.Like this, the electric charge of the R pixel that will read via transmission gate E with two pixels have been carried out the electric charge addition of the R pixel after the addition, and the G that will read via transmission gate F 1The electric charge of pixel with two pixels have been carried out the G after the addition 1The electric charge addition of pixel.Next, only transmission gate G and transmission gate H switch, and at the timing T of the electric charge that has transmitted these additions four times 4Carry out reading of electric charge.Like this, for R pixel and G 1Pixel, the electric charge to four pixels carries out addition respectively.For B pixel and G 2Pixel, by similarly transmission gate being controlled, the electric charge to four pixels during vertical transfer carries out addition.
On the other hand, under the situation of horizontal transport, also carry out the switching of transmission gate according to the mode identical with the situation of vertical transfer.Like this, when carrying out the switching of transmission gate each time, all when vertical transfer, the electric charge that has carried out addition at 4 pixels is carried out addition, therefore, finally exported the electric charge that has carried out addition at 16 pixels.
Addition is carried out in output to pixel thus, reads then, has reduced the time for exposure thus, thereby can reduce the influence of camera shake.Yet, the output of 16 pixels is carried out addition and read, therefore, compare with independent pixel read mode, reduced image resolution ratio.
Figure 32 is the sequential chart that reads timing that is illustrated in the image acquisition device 410 under the 4 pixel addition read modes.In addition, Figure 33 A and 33B represent to be used to carry out the structure of the image acquisition device 410 that 4 pixel addition read.Here, Figure 33 A is used to illustrate the structure of vertical CCD, and Figure 33 B is used to illustrate the structure of horizontal CCD.
At first, at this vertical transfer is described.Shown in figure 32, read regularly T first 1, only transmission gate A, transmission gate E, transmission gate B and transmission gate F switch, and carry out electric charge and read.Next, transmitting the timing T of the electric charge that read four times 2, only transmission gate C, transmission gate G, transmission gate D and transmission gate H switch, and carry out electric charge and read.Like this, the electric charge addition each other of the electric charge of the R pixel that reads via transmission gate A and the R pixel that reads via transmission gate C.The G that reads via transmission gate B 1The electric charge of pixel and the G that reads via transmission gate D 1The addition each other of the electric charge of pixel.The electric charge addition each other of the electric charge of the R pixel that reads via transmission gate E and the R pixel that reads via transmission gate G.The G that reads via transmission gate F 1The electric charge of pixel and the G that reads via transmission gate H 1The addition each other of the electric charge of pixel.
On the other hand, under the situation of horizontal transport, also carry out the switching of transmission gate in the same manner with the situation of vertical transfer.Like this, finally exported the electric charge that has carried out addition at 4 pixels.
Here, the charge conversion that will read according to aforesaid three kinds of read modes in charge voltage transducer amplifier (not shown) is an analog voltage signal, and exports the voltage signal of being changed to image acquisition device output processing circuit 412.
To describe image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 below.Figure 34 shows the internal structure of image acquisition device output processing circuit 412.Image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 comprises gain variable amplifier 412a, gain controller 412b and analog to digital converter 412c.Gain variable amplifier 412a as amplifier circuit amplifies the analog voltage signal from 410 inputs of image acquisition device with predetermined amplifier gain.Gain controller 412b is according to the amplifier gain of setting gain variable amplifier 412a from the gain control signal of sequential controller 418.Analog to digital converter 412c will carry out amplifying signal by gain variable amplifier 412a and be converted to digital signal (DID).
Here, determine the amplifier gain of gain variable amplifier 412 according to yield value A default in gain variable amplifier 412a and the magnification ratio in gain controller 412b, set.Yield value A is set to following value, this value makes that its output becomes can carry out analog-to-digital maximum switching levels in analog to digital converter 412c when for example entering under basic saturation condition or the saturated situation when output signal carried out amplification in the stored charge amount of image acquisition device 410.
Below with reference to flow chart shown in Figure 35, to describing in the processing operation that has under the magazine still image obtaining mode of said structure.
Under static screening-mode, sequential controller 418 judge the user whether opened first release-push (step S201).
In step S201, be judged to be under the situation of not opening first release-push, 418 pairs of instantaneously browsing images of sequential controller show to be controlled, wherein, on LCD monitor 39, show the image (S202) that obtains from image acquisition device 410 in real time for each predetermined amount of time.Then, sequential controller 418 judges whether anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36 is set to out (step S203).
Be judged to be in step S203 under the situation that anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36 is set to out, sequential controller 418 is operated, and with opening angle velocity transducer X 419 and angular-rate sensor Y 420, comes detection camera amount of jitter (step S204).On the other hand, be judged to be anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36 and be set under the situation of pass in step S203, sequential controller 418 is operated, to close angular-rate sensor X 419 and angular-rate sensor Y 420 (step S205).
After the processing operation in completing steps S204 or step S205, sequential controller 418 judges whether to have opened each operation part (step S206) except release-push 34 and anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36.In the judgement of step S206, under the situation of having opened each control member, sequential controller 418 is carried out and the corresponding processing operation of the control member of being opened (step S207).Then, turn back to step S201 when pre-treatment.On the other hand, in the judgement of step S206, under the situation of not opening each control member, when pre-treatment is got back to step S201 from step S206.
In addition, judge in step S201 and opened under the situation of first release-push that sequential controller 418 is carried out automatic focusing (AF) and handled operation (step S208).As this AF treatment technology, can use known technology, for example be used to drive image acquisition camera lens 32 so that from the highest technology of contrast of the image of image acquisition device 410 output.In addition, can use special-purpose AF transducer to come detected image to obtain the focus state of camera lens 32.After the AF in completing steps S208, sequential controller 418 is carried out photometering and is handled operation, with the brightness (step S209) of detected image.Then, sequential controller 418 is carried out exposure and is calculated, with the correct exposure time t of computed image acquisition device 410 EXP(step S210).For example, be substantially equal to constitute under the situation of the cumulative maximum quantity of electric charge of transmission unit of vertical CCD and horizontal CCD this correct exposure time t at the saturation exposure (maximum of stored charge) of the photodiode unit (cell) of the pixel of composing images acquisition device 410 EXPBe provided so that the stored charge amount that is judged as the brightest pixel as photometric result enters saturation condition or near time for exposure of the state of saturation condition.
After the exposure of step S210 is calculated, sequential controller 418 judge photographer whether opened second release-push (step S211).Then, wait for, till having opened second release-push.In the judgement of step S211, under the situation of having opened second release-push, sequential controller 418 stops the instantaneously browsing image and shows (step S212), and controls aperture 32a (step S213) by motor driver 409.
Next, sequential controller 418 judges whether anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36 is set to out (step S214).Under the situation that the anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36 of judgement is set to out in step S214, sequential controller 418 is carried out the processing of exposure control 1 and is operated (step S215).In addition, under the situation that the anti-camera shake mode setting switch 36 of judgement is not set to out in step S214, sequential controller 418 is carried out the processing of exposure control 2 and is operated (step S216).To describe expose control 1 and exposure control 2 these two processing operations after a while in detail.
After the exposure control of step S215 or step S216, image processing circuit 413 is handled the view data of importing from image acquisition device output processing circuit 412 under the control of sequential controller 418, and treated view data is exported to compression/decompression circuit 414 (step S217).414 pairs of view data of having been undertaken handling by image processing circuit 413 of compression/decompression circuit are compressed (step S218).This compressing image data is recorded in (step S219) in the recording medium 417.
After the image record in completing steps S219,418 pairs of motor drivers 409 of sequential controller are controlled, to open aperture 32c (step S220).Then, turn back to step S201 when pre-treatment.
To the processing operation of the control of the exposure among the step S215 shown in Figure 35 1 be described below.Figure 36 is the flow chart of the processing operation of the exposure control 1 among expression the 5th embodiment.
Here, before the processing operation to exposure control 1 describes, fuzzy diameter is defined.Should blur the level of evaluation of the integrated value of diameter presentation video amount of jitter.Should fuzzy diameter be defined as comprising the diameter of the smallest circle (hereinafter referred to as circle of confusion) of the blurring trajectorie that the output according to angular-rate sensor X 419 and angular-rate sensor Y 420 obtains.For example, under the situation of the shake track of being represented by the label 601a shown in Figure 37 A to begin from exposure, the fuzzy diameter that is obtained is the diameter 603a of circle of confusion 602a (it is the smallest circle that comprises this blurring trajectorie 601a).In addition, under the situation of the blurring trajectorie of being represented by the label 601b shown in Figure 37 B to begin from exposure, the fuzzy diameter that is obtained is the diameter 603b of circle of confusion 602b.Under the situation of the blurring trajectorie of being represented by the label 601c shown in Figure 37 C to begin from exposure, the fuzzy diameter of the circle that is obtained is the diameter 603c of circle of confusion 602c.Like this, the fuzzy diameter that is obtained is the amount that is illustrated in the range of movement of the predetermined point picture that is used as benchmark when obtaining blurring trajectorie.Define this fuzzy diameter, make thus and can assess the fuzzy quantity of the image that causes owing to camera-shake in the exposure process.
To flow chart shown in Figure 36 be described below.At first, in order to prepare to expose, sequential controller 418 is accumulated in electric charge in the pixel of image acquisition device 410 reset (step S221) by 411 pairs of image acquisition device drive circuits.Next, sequential controller 418 resets to zero with the count value t of timer (not shown), with to carrying out timing (step S222) time of integration of image acquisition device 410.Then, start the integration operation (step S223) of image acquisition device 410 by image acquisition device drive circuit 411.In addition, simultaneously, sequential controller 418 comes the shake track in the calculation exposure process by to carrying out integration from the output of angular-rate sensor X 410 and angular-rate sensor Y 420.Then, sequential controller 418 calculates fuzzy diameter (step S224) according to the shake track that is calculated.
Next, sequential controller 418 judges whether fuzzy diameter has surpassed the scope (step S225) of the pixel addition under the 16 pixel addition read modes.Figure 38 A shows image addition scope under the 16 pixel addition read modes and the relation between the fuzzy diameter.Shown in Figure 38 A, the pixel addition scope under the 16 pixel addition read modes can be expressed as 8 pixels * 8 pixels.Here, the pel spacing of the P presentation video acquisition device 410 shown in Figure 38 A.Therefore, in the judgement of step S225, can judge that whether fuzzy diameter is less than 8P (it is the first threshold rank).
Judge that in step S225 fuzzy diameter is equal to or greater than under the situation of 8P, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S226 from step S225.In this case, circle of confusion is greater than the pixel addition scope under the 16 pixel addition read modes, and therefore, the image blurring influence that causes owing to camera-shake is greater than because of carrying out the influence that 16 pixel addition descend image resolution ratio.In this case, by adopting 16 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.Therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops the exposure (step S226) of image acquisition device 410.Here,, for example can use the device shutter (electronic shutter) of image acquisition device 410, perhaps can mechanical shutter be set in the front of image acquisition device 410 as shutter.
In step S226, stop after the exposure amplifier gain (step S227) of sequential controller 418 following setting gain variable amplifier 412a:
Amplifier gain=A * (1/16t EXP/ t EXPA1) (formula 1)
Wherein, the t of (formula 1) EXPBe illustrated in the correct exposure time that obtains among the step S210 shown in Figure 35, and t EXPA1Expression begins to the time of exposure termination from exposure.
Set amplifier gain in step S227 after, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under 16 pixel addition read modes from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S228).Then, proceed to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
In addition, in step S225, judge under the fuzzy situation of diameter, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S229 from step S225 less than 8P.In this case, sequential controller 418 judges that whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is as first constantly the 1/16t EXP(step S229).Judge that in step S229 the t that is obtained is not 1/16t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment turns back to step S225 from step S229.In addition, judge that in step S229 the t that is obtained is 1/16t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S230 from step S229, and do not adopt 16 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.
Here, only will illustrate and begin to 1/16t from exposure EXPTime period in utilize 16 pixel addition read modes to reduce the reason of camera-shake.Figure 39 shows the relation between the output of time for exposure and gain variable amplifier 412a.Usually, the output and the time for exposure of image acquisition device 410 are proportional, and therefore, the output of gain variable amplifier 412a is also proportional with the time for exposure, as shown in figure 39.In addition, as shown in figure 39, at correct exposure time t EXPCarry out exposure during this time, the output that thus yield value A is set at the feasible gain variable amplifier 412a that obtains is to carry out the maximum level of digital-to-analogue conversion (analog-to-digital conversion MAX level) in analog to digital converter 412a.Yet, this correct exposure time t EXPSuppose not carry out pixel addition.Under the situation of 16 pixel addition read modes, if with greater than 1/16t EXPThe time interval expose, then exist to constitute the saturated possibility of the quantity of electric charge of the transmission unit of CCD transmission channel, thereby can't obtain correct pixel output.
Therefore, in the 5th embodiment, (0≤t＜1/16t in the period in 16 pixel addition zones shown in Figure 39 only EXP) utilize 16 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.
In addition, as shown in figure 40, be shorter than 1/16t in exposure EXPTime period under the situation about stopping, even will multiply by yield value A from the output signal of image grabber part 410, the output that is obtained neither analog-to-digital conversion MAX level.Therefore, be shorter than 1/16t in exposure EXPTime t EXPA1Under the interior situation about stopping, the amplifier gain shown in (formula 1) is set.By setting this amplifier gain, the output of gain variable amplifier 412a can be set at analog-to-digital conversion MAX level.
Next, judge that in step S229 shown in Figure 36 the t that is obtained is 1/16t EXPSituation under, sequential controller 418 judges that whether the fuzzy diameter that calculates is less than 4P (it is second threshold level) (step S230) in step S224.That is, the pixel addition scope under the 4 pixel addition read modes is 4 pixels * 4 pixels, shown in Figure 38 B, therefore, carries out determining step S230.
Judge that in step S230 fuzzy diameter is equal to or greater than under the situation of 4P, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter, and stops the exposure (step S231) of image acquisition device 410.Then, the amplifier gain (step S232) of following setting gain variable amplifier 412a:
Amplifier gain=A * (1/4t EXP/ t EXPA2) (formula 2)
Wherein, t EXPA2Expression begins to the time interval of exposure termination from exposure.
Set amplifier gain in step S232 after, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under 4 pixel addition read modes from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S233).Then, proceed to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
In addition, in step S230, judge under the fuzzy situation of diameter, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S234 from step S230 less than 4P.In this case, sequential controller 418 judges that whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is as second constantly the 1/4t EXP(step S234).Judge that in step S234 the t that is obtained is not 1/4t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment turns back to step S230 from step S234.In addition, judge that in step S234 the t that is obtained is 1/4t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S235 from step S234, and do not adopt 4 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.Only at 4 pixel addition zone (1/16t shown in Figure 39 EXP≤ t＜1/4t EXP) scope in to utilize 4 pixel addition read modes to reduce the reason of camera-shake similar to the situation of 16 pixel addition read modes.
Judge that in step S234 the t that is obtained is 1/4t EXPSituation under, sequential controller 418 judges that whether the fuzzy diameter that calculates is less than 2P (step S235) in step S224.This 2P represents and the corresponding scope of scope as R, G1, G2 and the B of the pixel cell of the Bayer array shown in Figure 37 C.
Judge that in step S235 fuzzy diameter is equal to or greater than under the situation of 2P, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter, and stops the exposure (step S236) of image acquisition device 410.Then, the amplifier gain (step S237) of following setting gain variable amplifier 412a:
Amplifier gain=A * (t EXP/ t EXPA3) (formula 3)
Wherein, t EXPA3Expression begins to the time interval of exposure termination from exposure.
Set amplifier gain in step S237 after, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S238).Then, proceed to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
That is, step S236 is set to following processing operation to the processing of step S238 operation, and this processings is operated by the signal among the gain amplifier variable amplifier 412a only and do not carried out pixel addition and shorten the time for exposure, and reduces camera-shake.
In addition, in step S235, judge under the fuzzy situation of diameter, can produce camera-shake hardly, therefore, do not need to carry out the operation of camera shake trim process less than 2P.In this case, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is t EXP(step S239).At the t that is obtained is not t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment turns back to step S235.On the other hand, judge that in step S239 the t that is obtained is t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S240 from step S239.In this case, passed through correct exposure time t EXP, therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops exposure (step S240), then, amplifier gain is set at A (step S241).Then, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges.Then, proceed to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
To the exposure control 2 of step S216 shown in Figure 35 be described below.Figure 41 is the flow chart of the processing operation of expression exposure control 2.
In order to prepare to expose, sequential controller 418 is accumulated in electric charge in the pixel of image acquisition device 410 reset (step S251) by 411 pairs of image acquisition device drive circuits.Next, sequential controller 418 resets to zero with the count value t of timer (not shown), with to carrying out timing (step S252) time of integration of image acquisition device 410.Then, start the integration operation (step S253) of image acquisition device 410 by image acquisition device drive circuit 411.
Next, sequential controller 418 is judged correct exposure time t EXPWhether be equal to or greater than camera-shake 1/f second (step S254).Here, as mentioned above, camera-shake is defined as the inverse of the focal distance f of image acquisition camera lens 32 second.
In step S254, judge t EXPBe equal to or greater than under the situation of 1/f, sequential controller 418 provides instruction, so that flash light emission part 33 shines, with auxiliary exposure, because camera-shake (step S255) probably occurs.Then, proceed to step S256 when pre-treatment.On the other hand, in step S254, judge t EXPUnder the situation less than 1/f, flash light emission part 33 is not shone, and is branched off into step S256 from step S254 when pre-treatment.
After step S254 or step S255, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is correct exposure time t EXP(step S256), and wait for, be t up to the t that is obtained EXPTill.On the other hand, judge that in step S256 the t that is obtained is t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S257 from step S256.In this case, passed through correct exposure time t EXP, therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops exposure (step S257), and amplifier gain is set at A (step S258).Then, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S259).Then, proceed to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
As mentioned above, according to the 5th embodiment, assess camera-shake amount in the exposure process by the fuzzy diameter of circle.Surpassed under the situation of predetermined threshold at this fuzzy diameter, this stop constantly the exposure, with this time be engraved in the immediate addition scope, with the pixel addition read mode from image acquisition device reading electric charges.Like this, according to the read mode reading electric charges of camera-shake amount, therefore can obtain the less image of image deterioration with the best.
That is, under 16 pixel addition read modes,, the electric charge of 16 pixels has been carried out addition, therefore, compared with independent pixel read mode and to have reduced image resolution ratio although the advantageous effects that camera-shake reduces is remarkable.Therefore, in the 5th embodiment, only under the bigger situation of camera-shake, just select 16 pixel addition read modes, limited the image deterioration that causes owing to this camera-shake thus.Under the moderate situation of camera-shake, select 4 pixel addition read modes, so that the decline of image resolution ratio obtains restriction, this is because the advantageous effects that camera-shake is proofreaied and correct low than under the 16 pixel addition read mode situations.Under the situation that camera-shake takes place hardly, pay the utmost attention to image resolution ratio, and select independent pixel read mode, make thus image deterioration is minimized.
In addition, the fuzzy diameter in the process of judging fuzzy diameter surpasses the moment of threshold value, and exposure stops.Therefore, the situation that does not exist camera-shake to become also bigger than the camera-shake in this moment, and therefore reduced image deterioration biglyyer.In addition, according to the exposure from the image acquisition device begin the time be carved into the moment that the exposure of image grabber part stops the time interval set the amplifier gain of gain variable amplifier 412a, make thus can to since the decline rank of the exposure that the exposure termination causes compensate.
[the 6th embodiment]
Below the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described.The 6th embodiment is set to the example of summarizing is operated in the processing of the control of the exposure among the 5th embodiment 1.In the 6th embodiment, there are two kinds of pixel read modes: 9 pixel addition read modes and independent pixel read mode.
Figure 42 is the flow chart of the processing operation of the exposure control 1 among expression the 6th embodiment.Other handle operation (that is the processing operation of operation of the processing in the still image obtaining mode process and exposure control 2) identical with according to the 5th embodiment.
At first, in order to prepare to expose, sequential controller 418 is accumulated in electric charge in the pixel of image acquisition device 410 reset (step S261) by 411 pairs of image acquisition device drive circuits.Next, sequential controller 418 resets to zero with the count value t of timer (not shown), with to carrying out timing (step S262) time of integration of image acquisition device 410, then, start the integration operation (step S263) of image acquisition device 410 by image acquisition device drive circuit 411.Simultaneously, sequential controller 418 comes the shake track in the calculation exposure process by to carrying out integration from the output of angular-rate sensor X 419 and angular-rate sensor Y 420.Simultaneously, sequential controller 418 calculates fuzzy diameter (step S264) according to the shake track that is calculated.
Next, sequential controller 418 judges whether fuzzy diameter has surpassed the addition scope (step S265) of 9 pixel addition shown in Figure 43.As shown in figure 43, the addition scope of 9 pixel addition is 6 pixels * 6 pixels, therefore, in the judgement of step S265, can judge that whether round fuzzy diameter is less than 6P.
In the judgement of step S265, be equal to or greater than under the situation of 6P at fuzzy diameter, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S266 from step S265.In this case, utilize 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.Therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops the exposure (step S266) of image acquisition device 410.Then, the amplifier gain (step S267) of following setting gain variable amplifier 412a:
Amplifier gain=A * (1/9t EXP/ t EXPA) (formula 4)
Wherein, t EXPAExpression begins to stop the time interval constantly to exposure from exposure.
Set amplifier gain in step S267 after, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under 9 pixel addition read modes from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S268).Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
In addition, judge that in step S265 under the fuzzy situation of diameter less than 6P, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is 1/9t EXP(step S269).Judge that in step S269 the t that is obtained is not 1/9t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment turns back to step S265 from step S269.In addition, judge that in step S269 the t that is obtained is 1/9t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S270 from step S269, and do not utilize 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.Here, only begin to 1/9t from exposure EXPIt is similar to the situation of 16 pixel addition read modes described in the 5th embodiment to utilize 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce the reason of camera-shake.
Judge that in step S269 the t that is obtained is 1/9t EXPSituation under, sequential controller 418 judges that whether fuzzy diameter is less than 2P (step S270).Judge that in step S270 fuzzy diameter is equal to or greater than under the situation of 2P, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter, and stops the exposure (step S271) of image acquisition device 410.Then, the amplifier gain (step S272) of following setting gain variable amplifier 412a:
Amplifier gain=A * (t EXP/ t EXPA) (formula 5)
Set amplifier gain in step S272 after, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S273).Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
Judge that in step S270 under the fuzzy situation of diameter less than 2P, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is t EXP(step S274).At the t that is obtained is not t EXPSituation under, continue the judgement of step S274.On the other hand, judge that in step S274 the t that is obtained is t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S275 from step S274.In this case, passed through the correct exposure time, therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops exposure (step S275), then, amplifier gain is set at A (step S276).Then, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges.Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
As mentioned above, according to the 6th embodiment, can simplify the processing operation of exposure control 1 by using 9 pixel addition read modes (it is the intermediate pixel addition read mode of 16 pixel addition read modes and 4 pixel addition read modes).
Carry out the exposure control 1 among the 6th embodiment as shown in figure 44, thereby can further simplify processing.In Figure 44, in order to prepare to expose, sequential controller 418 is accumulated in electric charge in the pixel of image acquisition device 410 reset (step S281) by 411 pairs of image acquisition device drive circuits.Next, sequential controller 418 resets to zero with the count value t of timer (not shown), with to carrying out timing (step S282) time of integration of image acquisition device 410, then, start the integration operation (step S283) of image acquisition device 410 by image acquisition device drive circuit 411.Simultaneously, sequential controller 418 comes the shake track in the calculation exposure process by to carrying out integration from the output of angular-rate sensor X 419 and angular-rate sensor Y 420.Simultaneously, sequential controller 418 calculates fuzzy diameter (step S284) according to the shake track that is calculated.
Next, sequential controller 418 judges that whether fuzzy diameter is less than 2P (step S285).Judge that in step S285 fuzzy diameter is equal to or greater than under the situation of 2P, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S286 from step S285.In this case, utilize 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake.That is, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter, and stops the exposure (step S286) of image acquisition device 410.Then, the amplifier gain with gain variable amplifier 412a is set at the amplifier gain (step S287) shown in (formula 4).
Set amplifier gain in step S287 after, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under 9 pixel addition read modes from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S288).Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
Judge that in step S285 under the fuzzy situation of diameter less than 2P, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is 1/9t EXP(step S289).Judge that in step S289 the t that is obtained is not 1/9t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment turns back to step S285 from step S289.In addition, judge that in step S289 the t that is obtained is 1/9t EXPSituation under, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is t EXP, and do not utilize 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake (step S290).Waiting for then, is t up to the t that is obtained EXPTill.
On the other hand, judge that in step S290 the t that is obtained is t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S291 from step S290.In this case, passed through the correct exposure time, therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops exposure (step S291).Then, amplifier gain is set at A (step S292).Then, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S293).Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
That is, in modified example shown in Figure 44, be used to judge whether that the threshold value of utilizing 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake is set to 2P.In addition, coming under the situation of reading electric charges, in this process, do not stopping exposure with independent pixel read mode.Like this, can easily utilize 9 pixel addition read modes to reduce camera-shake, and compare, further simplify and handled operation with Figure 42.
[the 7th embodiment]
Below the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described.The 7th embodiment is set to following example: under the situation of not carrying out pixel addition, the amplifier gain among the gain variable amplifier 412a is regulated, shortened the time for exposure thus and reduce the influence of camera-shake.
Figure 45 is the flow chart of the processing operation of the exposure control 1 among expression the 7th embodiment.Other handle operation (that is, the processing of operation of the processing the still image obtaining mode under and exposure control 2 is operated) identical with according to the 5th embodiment.
At first, in order to prepare to expose, sequential controller 418 is accumulated in electric charge in the pixel of image acquisition device 410 reset (step S301) by 411 pairs of image acquisition device drive circuits.Next, sequential controller 418 resets to zero with the count value t of timer (not shown), with to carrying out timing (step S302) time of integration of image acquisition device 410.Then, start the integration operation (step S303) of image acquisition device 410 by image acquisition device drive circuit 411.In addition, simultaneously, sequential controller 418 comes the shake track in the calculation exposure process by to carrying out integration from the output of angular-rate sensor X 419 and angular-rate sensor Y 420.Then, sequential controller 418 calculates fuzzy diameter (step S304) according to the shake track that is calculated.
Next, sequential controller 418 judges whether fuzzy diameter has surpassed 4P (step S305).This 4P is set to example, and is the threshold level that can change.Judge that in step S305 fuzzy diameter is equal to or greater than under the situation of 4P, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S306 from step S305.In this case, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter, and stops the exposure (step S306) of image acquisition device 410.Then, shown in (formula 5), set the amplifier gain (step S307) of gain variable amplifier 412a.Then, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges (step S311).Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
On the other hand, judge that in step S305 under the fuzzy situation of diameter less than 4P, sequential controller 418 judges whether the count value t of the timer that is obtained is t EXP(step S308).At the t that is obtained is not t EXPSituation under, continue the judgement of step S308.
On the other hand, judge that in step S308 the t that is obtained is t EXPSituation under, when pre-treatment is branched off into step S309 from step S308.In this case, passed through the correct exposure time, therefore, sequential controller 418 cuts out shutter and stops exposure (step S309).Then, amplifier gain is set at A (step S310).Next, sequential controller 418 provides instruction to image acquisition device drive circuit 411, with under independent pixel read mode from image acquisition device 410 reading electric charges.Then, turn back to step S217 shown in Figure 35 when pre-treatment.
As mentioned above, according to the 7th embodiment, can under the situation of not using the mechanical system that is used for reducing camera-shake, reduce camera-shake.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other advantage and modification.Therefore, more wide in range aspect of the present invention is not limited to the detail and the representative embodiment that illustrate and illustrate herein.Therefore, under the situation of the spirit or scope that do not break away from claims and the overall inventive concept that equivalent limited thereof, can carry out multiple modification.

Claims (14)

1, a kind of image acquiring device, it is configured to obtain image, and this device is characterised in that and comprises:
Image acquisition device (410), it has a plurality of pixels that the picture that is used for the object that will be formed by optical system (32) is converted to electric charge;
Pixel reading circuit (411), it carries out work with first read mode or second read mode, this first read mode reads the electric charge that obtains from each pixel of described image acquisition device (410) with being used for individual element, and this second read mode is used for the electric charge that each pixel from described image acquisition device (410) obtains is carried out addition and reads;
The shake test section is used to detect the shake of described image acquisition device (410); And
Controller (418), it obtains level of evaluation according to the output from described shake test section (419,420) in the exposure process of described image acquisition device (410), when the level of evaluation of shake during greater than intended level, this controller makes described pixel reading circuit (411) carry out work with described second read mode, and when this level of evaluation during less than this intended level, this controller makes described pixel reading circuit (411) carry out work with described first read mode.
2, image acquiring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described level of evaluation that is obtained is the integrated value of the shake that begun the zero hour by the exposure from described image acquisition device (410) that described shake test section obtains.
3, image acquiring device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, being carved into first when described level of evaluation begins from exposing has reached under other situation of first threshold level constantly, described controller (418) is controlled described pixel reading circuit (411), so that it carries out work with described second read mode.
4, image acquiring device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, when constantly described level of evaluation has reached described first threshold rank to described first from exposure zero hour, described controller (418) stops the exposure of described image acquisition device (410) immediately, and described pixel reading circuit (411) controlled, so that it carries out work with described second read mode.
5, image acquiring device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, also comprises amplifier circuit (412a), be used for the signal of telecommunication based on the electric charge that reads from described image acquisition device (410) being amplified with variable power,
Wherein, described controller (418) stops the exposure of described image acquisition device (410), described pixel reading circuit (411) is controlled, so that it carries out work with described second read mode, and subsequently, according to the magnification ratio of setting described amplifier circuit (412a) from the exposure of described image acquisition device (410) zero hour to the exposure termination time interval constantly.
6, image acquiring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the fuzzy diameter of the circle in described level of evaluation is set to the shake track that the exposure from described image acquisition device (410) begins the zero hour is included in.
7, image acquiring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described second read mode is set to N 2The pixel addition read mode is used for N 2Individual pixel is that unit carries out addition to electric charge and reads.
8, image acquiring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described second read mode comprises: N 2The pixel addition read mode is used for N 2Individual pixel is that unit carries out addition to electric charge and reads; And M 2The pixel addition read mode is used for M 2Individual pixel is that unit reads electric charge, and wherein, M is the integer more than or equal to 2, and the satisfied N＞M that concerns, and
Reached under other situation of first threshold level in the exposure described level of evaluation of the moment zero hour to the first from described image acquisition device (410), described controller (418) is controlled described pixel reading circuit (411), so that it is with described N 2The pixel addition read mode carries out work, and do not reach described first threshold rank to described described level of evaluation of first moment zero hour in exposure from described image acquisition device, but from be carved in described first o'clock second constantly described level of evaluation reached under the situation less than described other second threshold level of first threshold level, described controller (418) is controlled described pixel reading circuit (411), so that it is with described M 2The pixel addition read mode carries out work.
9, image acquiring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described shake test section comprises angular-rate sensor (108,109).
10, a kind of image acquiring device, it is configured to obtain image, and this device is characterised in that and comprises:
Image acquisition device (410), it has a plurality of pixels that the picture that is used for the object that will be formed by optical system (32) is converted to electric charge;
Amplifier circuit (412a), it amplifies the signal of telecommunication based on the electric charge that reads from described image acquisition device (410) with variable power;
Analog-digital converter circuit (412c) is used for the output signal of described amplifier circuit (412a) is converted to digital signal;
The shake test section is used to detect the shake of described image acquisition device; And
Controller (418), the level of evaluation that begins the integrated value of the shake that obtained by described shake test section in the exposure from described image acquisition device (410) zero hour reaches under other situation of predetermined threshold level, this controller (418) stops the exposure of described image acquisition device (410) in the moment that this level of evaluation reaches this threshold level, from each pixel reading electric charges of described image acquisition device (410), and according to the magnification ratio of setting described amplifier circuit (412a) from the exposure of described image acquisition device (410) zero hour to the exposure termination time interval constantly.
11, a kind of image acquiring device, it is configured to obtain image, and this device is characterised in that and comprises:
Image acquisition device (410), it has a plurality of pixels that the picture that is used for the object that will be formed by optical system (32) is converted to electric charge;
Charge adder circuit (410), it is that unit carries out addition to the electric charge that each pixel from described image acquisition device (410) obtains with predetermined pixel size; And
Controller (418), it is according to the shake of the device that produces in the exposure process of described image acquisition device, select independent pixel read mode or pixel addition read mode, this independent pixel read mode reads the electric charge that obtains from each pixel of described image acquisition device (410) with being used for individual element, and this pixel addition read mode is used for described charge adder circuit (410) is operated, thereby is that electric charge that unit obtains each pixel from described image acquisition device (410) carries out addition and reads with predetermined pixel size.
12, a kind of method of obtaining image is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Begin exposure to obtain image;
Size to the camera shake in the exposure process is assessed;
Stop exposure; And
When the level of evaluation of the camera shake that obtains by described assessment during greater than intended level, the electric charge of each pixel of obtaining by exposure is carried out addition and reads, and, read the electric charge of each pixel that obtains by exposure when this level of evaluation during less than this intended level individual element.
13, a kind of method of obtaining image is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Begin exposure to obtain image;
Size to the camera shake in the exposure process is assessed; And
When the level of evaluation of the camera shake that obtains by described assessment is equal to or greater than intended level, stop exposure and reading electric charges constantly at this.
14, method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of: with begin from exposure the signal of telecommunication based on the electric charge that is read to be amplified to corresponding magnification ratio of the time interval of end exposure.
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