CN1849735A - 具前置测量放大器的采集低压功率开关电释放器接地的方法和电路设置 - Google Patents

具前置测量放大器的采集低压功率开关电释放器接地的方法和电路设置 Download PDF

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CN1849735A
CN1849735A CNA2004800264131A CN200480026413A CN1849735A CN 1849735 A CN1849735 A CN 1849735A CN A2004800264131 A CNA2004800264131 A CN A2004800264131A CN 200480026413 A CN200480026413 A CN 200480026413A CN 1849735 A CN1849735 A CN 1849735A
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amplifier
ground connection
output
measuring
low
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安德烈亚斯·潘克
伊尔卡·雷德曼
沃尔夫冈·罗尔
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/006Calibration or setting of parameters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

在接地采集过程中的问题是测量放大器就其放大倍数来说具有很大的容差。由此在以软件形式进行的错误处理中存在很大的错误。因此建议在求和放大器中按照相位地、脉冲调制地对测量放大器的输出信号进行求和,其中通过释放器根据各测量放大器的放大倍数来控制脉冲的持续时间,并且将求和放大器的输出用作监控接地的信号。

Description

具前置测量放大器的采集低压功率开关 电释放器接地的方法和电路设置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种方法和电路设置,用于利用前置测量放大器采集低压功率放大器电释放器上的接地。
背景技术
低压功率开关除了其主要功能、也就是短路监控和过电流监控之外还具有其它功能。其中最重要的功能就是接地监控。接地可能在电设备中通过例如触发火花而产生难以处理的结果。因此用具有相应接地识别功能的功率开关通过断开该功率开关而延时地消除该火花或者至少告知产生了火花。为此对于两极或双极性的功率开关来说,在N导体中形成相位电流和电流的向量和,如果存在N导体变流器的话。如果剩余电流超过启动值,则进行显示并在必要时释放功率开关。或者,还可以只通过一个在N导体中或接地的星形点上附加的变流器采集接地事件。
接地采集功能例如可以通过特殊的可插接到功率开关的模块来实现,如在DE69425916T2中展示的。
通常由变流器测量的电流通过测量放大器而施加到低压功率开关的释放单元。其中的问题是测量放大器就其放大倍数来说具有很大的容差。在构成接地采集所需的和时,释放器可能检测到接地,虽然电网是没有接地的。反过来也是可以想到的,也就是说出现了接地,但电流和接近于0。
为了消除该问题,目前在释放器的处理器中以软件形式进行校正。接着以软件形式对电流信号求和。但其中会产生很大的错误,因为导致释放的很小的接地电流只相当于电释放单元的A/D转换器的大约两个转换级,从而不能足够精确地形成用于采集接地的相位电流。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于低压功率开关的电释放器,其可以无差错地采集到接地事件。
根据本发明,该技术问题是通过权利要求1和2的特征解决的。适当的实施方式在从属权利要求中给出。
根据本发明,测量放大器的输出信号被施加到以脉冲宽度调制的求和放大器上。3个或4个输入信号通过3个或4个模拟开关连接到该求和放大器的输入端。通过选择模拟开关的相应脉冲占空系数进行校正,该校正将接地测量的输入放大为相同期望的倍数。
本发明电路的优点是放弃了硬件形式的均衡。软件形式的相加的不精确性也被消除。测量放大器的放大倍数可以轻松确定,其中在一次测试中将相同的输入信号施加到每个变流器,然后将测量结果存储在释放器的微处理器中。接着可以在确定脉冲占空系数时直接采用这些测量结果。
附图说明
下面参照附图示例性地详细描述本发明。其中:
图1示出本发明的电路的例子,
图2示出本发明电路的第二变形。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出在一个三相电网上的电释放器。在该电网的3个导体L1、L2和L3上测量流过变流器SW1,SW2,SW3的电流,并导向测量放大器V1,V2,V3,这些测量放大器的输出被引向微处理器μP的A/D转换器A/D1,A/D2,A/D3,该微处理器是释放器的重要功能部件。
根据本发明,测量放大器V1,V2,V3的输出信号引入由微处理器μP以脉冲宽度调制的方式控制的开关S1,S2,S3。在此只示意性示出的开关S1,S2,S3例如可以通过开关晶体管来实现。如果一个开关S1,S2,S3是电流导通的,则其它开关是断开的,其中脉冲占空系数对应于各所属测量放大器V1,V2,V3的放大倍数。开关S1,S2,S3的输出被引到一个通过前置电阻R表示求和放大器V4的输入的点。求和放大器V4通过积分电路实现,也就是说通过运算放大器OPV1实现,其输出端通过电容器C1反馈到其输入端。由于整个测量在直流范围内运动,用参考电压Uref为运算放大器OPV1的第二输入端提供偏压,该参考电压对应于测量放大器V1,V2,V3的电压行程的平均值。然后将运算放大器OPV1的输出信号引入微处理器μP的A/D转换器A/D4,并且是用于接地监控的信号,
图2的电路与前面描述的变形的不同之处只在于,测量放大器V1,V2,V3的输出信号通过电阻R1,R2,R3引入开关S1,S2,S3,而开关S1,S2,S3的输出直接施加到电容C2上,该电容C2反映出导体L1,L2,L3的相位电流的电流和。该信号通过运算放大器OPV2输入微处理器μP的A/D转换器A/D4。

Claims (4)

1.一种用前置测量放大器在用于低压功率开关的电释放器上采集接地的方法,其特征在于,在求和放大器中按照相位地、脉冲调制地对测量放大器的输出信号进行求和,其中通过释放器根据各所述测量放大器的放大倍数来控制该脉冲的持续时间,并且求和放大器的输出是用于接地监控的信号。
2.一种具有前置测量放大器(V1,V2,V3)的在用于低压功率开关的电释放器上采集接地的电路设置,其特征在于,具有由释放器根据测量放大器(V1,V2,V3)的放大倍数可脉宽调制控制的开关(S1,S2,S3),测量放大器(V1,V2,V3)的输出分别引入这些开关,其中,这些开关(S1,S2,S3)的输出一起导向求和放大器的输入端,该求和放大器的输出是用于接地监控的信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电路设置,其特征在于,所述求和放大器是积分放大器,由具有电容式反馈的运算放大器(OPV1)组成,其第二输入端用参考电压(Uref)提供偏压,该参考电压对应于所述测量放大器(V1,V2,V3)的电压行程的平均值。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电路设置,其特征在于,所述求和放大器通过电容(C2)和后接的放大器(OPV2)来实现。
CNA2004800264131A 2003-09-11 2004-08-24 具前置测量放大器的采集低压功率开关电释放器接地的方法和电路设置 Pending CN1849735A (zh)

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DE10342599.3 2003-09-11
DE10342599A DE10342599A1 (de) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Erdschlusserfassung an elektronischen Auslösern für Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit vorgeschalteten Messverstärkern

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DE10342598A1 (de) * 2003-09-11 2005-04-14 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Schnellausschaltung von Niederspannungs-Leistungsschaltern
US7978446B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2011-07-12 Caterpillar Inc. High voltage ground fault detection system

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US4956741A (en) * 1989-07-03 1990-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Solid-state trip unit for DC circuit breakers
US5260644A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-11-09 Motorola, Inc. Self-adjusting shunt regulator and method
JPH0634689A (ja) * 1992-07-15 1994-02-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 零相電圧検出装置
US6556661B1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-04-29 Independent Technologies, Inc. In-line telephony data protector with line condition announce
JP2002214256A (ja) * 2001-01-17 2002-07-31 Nissin Electric Co Ltd 3相交流計測装置
US6593562B1 (en) * 2001-10-04 2003-07-15 Indigo Systems Corporation Electro-optical sensor arrays with reduced sensitivity to defects
US6546342B1 (en) * 2001-12-10 2003-04-08 General Electric Company Adaptive algorithm to prevent nuissance tripping
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US20060176060A1 (en) 2006-08-10
EP1665489A1 (de) 2006-06-07
DE502004003712D1 (de) 2007-06-14
DE10342599A1 (de) 2005-04-14
EP1665489B1 (de) 2007-05-02
WO2005027293A1 (de) 2005-03-24

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