CN1849104A - 用于医疗应用的人工瓣膜 - Google Patents
用于医疗应用的人工瓣膜 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2403—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with pivoting rigid closure members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2475—Venous valves
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract
以瓣片瓣膜为形式的人工瓣膜，其包括一个或多个被排列成只在一个方向上允许液体流过瓣膜的瓣片，在该瓣片瓣膜内，瓣片或每个瓣片都用由医疗上可接受的金属例如钛或钛合金组成的柔性网眼结构制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于医疗应用的人工瓣膜。本发明的瓣膜已经特别关于人工心脏瓣膜而开发，因此，特别对于该用途，本发明的瓣膜将要被描述。然而，要意识到的是，本发明的瓣膜也可以在其它医疗应用中使用(例如作为静脉瓣膜)。
背景技术
人工心脏瓣膜用于替代患者自身有缺陷的或受损的瓣膜。当前使用的人工心脏瓣膜分成两大类：组织瓣膜和机械瓣膜。
组织瓣膜是取自猪心脏的天然形成的瓣膜或由取自牛心脏的心包组织形成的瓣膜。通常，组织瓣膜很好地被患者身体接受，并且只需要很少的抗凝处理。然而，组织瓣膜的缺点是，它们磨损得相对快，寿命在10年和20年之间。
机械瓣膜的耐用性是优秀的：加速试验表明，机械瓣膜可以具有大约200年的寿命。然而，机械瓣膜的缺点是，它们不能容易地被患者身体接受，并且需要长期的抗凝处理，以防止血栓栓塞并发症。就患者的总的健康而言，这是不合希望的。
因此，本发明的目的是提供人工瓣膜，更特别地是提供心脏瓣膜，该瓣膜具有机械瓣膜的耐用性，又像组织瓣膜那样与患者身体相容，这样就不需要或最少需要抗凝治疗。
发明内容
本发明提供了以瓣片(flap)瓣膜为形式的人工瓣膜，该瓣片瓣膜包括至少一个被排列成只在一个方向上允许液体流过瓣膜的瓣片，该或每个瓣片都用由医疗上可接受的金属组成的柔性网眼(openwork)结构制造。
瓣膜可以只包括被排列成紧贴在支撑壁上的单一瓣片，或包括两个、三个或多个被排列成彼此紧贴在一起的瓣片。
以许多不同途径中的任何一种，例如针织结构、织造结构、锁子甲(chainmail)类型结构或翅片柔性打孔片，柔性网眼结构可以被制作出来。
优选的材料是钛或医疗上认可的钛合金，例如钛/镍合金NitenolTM。为了用于针织结构、织造结构、锁子甲类型结构，所使用的金属必须能够被拉成细的金属丝。
带有两个或多个瓣片的瓣膜可以是有支架的或是无支架的。
附图说明
只通过例子，参考接下来的附图，本发明的优选实施例被详细地描述：
图1是根据本发明的三尖头人工心脏瓣膜的平面图；
图2是从下面观察图1的瓣膜的视图；
图3是沿着图1的瓣膜的箭头III的线而截取的侧面图；
图4是沿着图1的瓣膜的箭头IV的线而截取的侧面图；
图5a、b和c分别是根据本发明的单尖头瓣膜的侧面图、平面图和截面图；
图6a、b和c分别是根据本发明的二尖头瓣膜的侧面图、平面图和截面图；和
图7a、b、c和d显示了针织材料、织造材料、锁子甲材料和打孔片材料的片段。
具体实施方式
参考附图，三尖头人工主动脉瓣膜2在构造上基本类似于组织瓣膜，即它是包括由大致平坦的材料组成的三个尺寸相等的瓣片3、4、5的瓣片瓣膜，按方案，每个瓣片都形成为稍大于圆形的三分之一部分。这样，瓣片3、4、5就可以移动分开，以允许流体在箭头A的方向上流过瓣膜(图3)，但在相反的方向上，邻近瓣片的重叠使瓣膜闭合。
每个瓣片3、4、5都用由医疗上可接受的金属组成的柔性网眼结构制造。当在这里被使用的时候，术语“医疗上可接受的”的意思是对身体无毒的金属，并且该金属优选地在体内是惰性的，即当被植入体内的时候，它不会引起“外来物”反应。设想到的是，本发明的瓣膜可以具有由钛或医疗上认可的钛合金(例如镍/钛Nitenol(商标)合金)制造的瓣片3、4、5，但其它医疗上可接受的金属可以被使用。
通过使用针织类型工艺(图7a)，或通过生产锁子甲(图7c)(即一系列由金属丝组成的分开的、互锁的环)，柔性网眼结构可以由金属丝制造；织造类型工艺(图7b)也可以被使用。另一个可能性是使用形成有多个孔的薄的、柔性的片(图7d)。完成的网眼结构必须能够在不发生永久性折曲的情况下发生弯曲。
织造瓣片或打孔片瓣片提供了相对硬的结构，然而，锁子甲结构提供了非常柔性的瓣片；针织结构的硬度介于织造结构的硬度和锁子甲结构的硬度之间。
钛和钛合金金属丝是受到偏爱的，因为已知它们不但当被植入体内的时候是惰性的，而且促进组织很好地生长。此外，来自在其它部位(例如嘴)所使用的钛植入物的证据表明，与从其它外来材料清除感染相比，感染可以更容易地从钛表面被清除。
每个瓣片3、4、5都具有弧形的外部边缘3a、4a、5a，从该弧形的外部边缘3a、4a、5a的每个端部，侧边缘6/7、8/9、10/11向内延伸，以使邻近的侧边缘会合成锐角，但使在侧边缘之间的顶点成弧形。
如图3和4所示，每个瓣片的外部边缘3a、4a、5a在侧面图中成弧形，侧边缘6/7、8/9、10/11相对于外部边缘的中点而被抬高。这增加了在邻近瓣片之间的重叠，其中，邻近瓣片的邻近侧边缘6/8、9/10和7/11发生重叠，这样就大大减小了任何反向流过瓣膜的风险(即在相反于箭头A的方向上)。
附图所示的瓣膜为有半支架的设计，即围绕瓣膜外围，通过外围肋13，形成一定程度的加固，该外围肋13可以简单地是加厚的和/或加固的区域。为了明了起见，在图3和4所示的视图中，肋13被省略。
瓣膜也可以被生产成有全支架的瓣膜，即三个瓣片3、4、5被安装在刚性圈上。另一个可能性是全然省略或减小外围加固，而将瓣膜生产成完全无支架的瓣膜；对于经皮插入，即通过被插入经过皮肤然后经过静脉或动脉而到达主动脉，无支架的设计(或一个支架最小的设计)是有利的。对于经皮插入，瓣膜不得不被“蜷曲”(即它自身被折叠)，而明显的支架使得这是不可能的。
上述的三尖头瓣膜是最常见类型的人工瓣膜，就像它在天然中那样。然而，根据本发明，通过与三尖头瓣膜相同的常规类型设计，形成具有多于三个瓣膜瓣片的瓣膜是可能的。
单尖头和二尖头瓣膜也是可行的；这些瓣膜分别被图示在图5和6中。
图5a、b和c显示了按方案为圆形的并且具有外围环形支架16的单尖头瓣膜15。刚性的固定壁17从支架向外延伸出来，垂直于支架的平面，大概围绕支架周边的三分之一。在侧面图中，由柔性材料组成的单一瓣片18是U形的，并且围绕其下部边际19而被紧固到固定壁17的边缘。瓣片18的尺度被确定为当瓣片18被向内推向固定壁17的时候，瓣片的上部边际20可以压靠在壁17上，防止流体在箭头A的方向上流过瓣膜。在箭头B的方向上流过瓣膜的流体有将瓣片的边际20推离壁17的趋势，从而使流体可以在该方向上自由地流动。
参考上面的瓣片3、4、5，瓣片18由上述的柔性网眼结构制造。壁17也由医疗上可接受的金属制造，并且可以是实心的或是网眼的。
图6a、b和c显示了按方案为圆形的并且可以被生产成有支架的或无支架的瓣膜的二尖头瓣膜20。在有支架的样式中，瓣膜具有外围环形支架21，该外围环形支架21支撑从支架向外延伸出来的并且垂直于支架的平面的刚性壁22。壁22的形状可以最容易地被设想成端部开放的沿着其下部边缘23而被紧固到支架21的圆筒，而其上部边缘(即距支架21最远的边缘)被形成带有两个相对的U形切口，余下的壁22的相对的侧面被形成带有U形的边际25。沿着在壁22的每侧的边际25的边缘，由柔性网眼材料制造的瓣膜瓣片24被紧固。在侧面图中，每个瓣膜瓣片24是U形的，从而使其下部边缘适合壁22的切口部分的边际，而瓣片的上部边缘悬在瓣膜的中心部分之上，这样，在箭头X的方向上通过的流体就将瓣膜瓣片24推在一起，使瓣膜闭合，但在箭头Y的方向上的流体有将瓣片推分开的趋势，并且可以自由地通过。壁22可以由实心材料或网眼材料制造。
在无支架的样式中，支架21和壁22被省略，而瓣膜简单地包括两个U形的被排列成相对的一对的瓣膜瓣片24，其上部端部26被紧固在一起，并且例如通过外围金属丝或外围肋，其弧形的外部边际25a是稍微变硬，以维持瓣膜的恰当形状。无支架的样式以与有支架样式相同的方式起作用。
在单尖头和二尖头样式中的瓣膜瓣片18和24可以用参考三尖头瓣膜而被描述的由医疗上可接受的金属组成的柔性网眼结构中的任何一种制造。
设想到的是，带有在瓣片3、4、5之上的由可降解的密封材料组成的初始涂层的上述瓣膜可以被植入患者体内，该初始涂层可以防止经过瓣片的网眼结构的泄漏，直到患者自身系统已经通过内皮化而在瓣片上形成其自己的涂层。
Claims (9)
1.一种以瓣片瓣膜为形式的人工瓣膜，其包括至少一个被排列成只在一个方向上允许液体流过瓣膜的瓣片，该瓣片或者每个瓣片都用由医疗上可接受的金属组成的柔性网眼结构制造。
2.如权利要求1所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，所述的瓣膜包括被排列成紧贴在被安装在外围支架上的支撑壁上的单一瓣片。
3.如权利要求1所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，所述的瓣膜包括两个被排列成彼此紧贴在一起的瓣片。
4.如权利要求3所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，所述的瓣膜也包括支撑壁的外围支架，该壁以与支架的平面成直角延伸并且提供了所述瓣片被安装在其内的两个相对的切口。
5.如权利要求1所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，所述的瓣膜包括三个尺寸类似的被排列成彼此紧贴在一起的瓣片。
6.如权利要求5所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，所述的瓣膜也包括围绕瓣膜周边的外围肋。
7.如权利要求5所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，所述的瓣膜也包括三个瓣片被安装在其上的外围支架。
8.如前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，医疗上可接受的金属为钛或钛合金。
9.如前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的人工瓣膜，其特征在于，柔性网眼结构选自包括：织造金属丝、针织金属丝、锁子甲、打孔片的组。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ527025 | 2003-07-16 | ||
| NZ527025A NZ527025A (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2003-07-16 | Prosthetic valves for medical application |
| PCT/NZ2004/000146 WO2005007017A2 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-09 | Prosthetic valves for medical application |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1849104A true CN1849104A (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
| CN1849104B CN1849104B (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200480026355.2A Expired - Lifetime CN1849104B (zh) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-09 | 用于医疗应用的人工瓣膜 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9017396B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1643938B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2007521096A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1849104B (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE456334T1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2532086C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE602004025348D1 (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1097435A1 (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ527025A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2005007017A2 (zh) |
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| WO2008091493A1 (en) | 2007-01-08 | 2008-07-31 | California Institute Of Technology | In-situ formation of a valve |
| ES2441801T3 (es) | 2007-02-05 | 2014-02-06 | Boston Scientific Limited | Válvula percutánea y sistema de suministro |
| US8828079B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2014-09-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Circulatory valve, system and method |
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| US8579964B2 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2013-11-12 | Neovasc Inc. | Transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis |
| US11653910B2 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2023-05-23 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Helical anchor implantation |
| US8992410B2 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2015-03-31 | Vysera Biomedical Limited | Urological device |
| US8556085B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2013-10-15 | Stuart Bogle | Anti-viral device |
| US9554897B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2017-01-31 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Methods and apparatus for engaging a valve prosthesis with tissue |
| US9308087B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2016-04-12 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Sequentially deployed transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis |
| US9668859B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2017-06-06 | California Institute Of Technology | Percutaneous heart valve delivery systems |
| US9345573B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2016-05-24 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Methods and apparatus for loading a prosthesis onto a delivery system |
| US8628571B1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2014-01-14 | Mitraltech Ltd. | Percutaneously-deliverable mechanical valve |
| EP4166111A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2023-04-19 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Ventricularly-anchored prosthetic valves |
| US9744037B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-29 | California Institute Of Technology | Handle mechanism and functionality for repositioning and retrieval of transcatheter heart valves |
| US9572665B2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2017-02-21 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Methods and apparatus for delivering a prosthetic valve to a beating heart |
| US9974651B2 (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2018-05-22 | Mitral Tech Ltd. | Prosthetic valve with axially-sliding frames |
| CA2973940C (en) | 2015-02-05 | 2022-08-23 | Mitraltech Ltd. | Prosthetic valve with axially-sliding frames |
| CN108882981B (zh) | 2016-01-29 | 2021-08-10 | 内奥瓦斯克迪亚拉公司 | 用于防止流出阻塞的假体瓣膜 |
| US10531866B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 | 2020-01-14 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Techniques for providing a replacement valve and transseptal communication |
| CN109789018B (zh) | 2016-08-10 | 2022-04-26 | 卡迪尔维尔福股份有限公司 | 具有同轴框架的人工瓣膜 |
| WO2018090148A1 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2018-05-24 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Methods and systems for rapid retraction of a transcatheter heart valve delivery system |
| US20230137909A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2023-05-04 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Prosthetic heart valve |
| US10575948B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2020-03-03 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Prosthetic heart valve |
| US10888421B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2021-01-12 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Prosthetic heart valve with pouch |
| US10537426B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2020-01-21 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Prosthetic heart valve |
| US11246704B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2022-02-15 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Prosthetic heart valve |
| US11793633B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2023-10-24 | Cardiovalve Ltd. | Prosthetic heart valve |
| US10856984B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2020-12-08 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Sequentially deployed transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis |
| GB201720803D0 (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2018-01-24 | Mitraltech Ltd | Prosthetic Valve and delivery tool therefor |
| GB201800399D0 (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2018-02-21 | Mitraltech Ltd | Temperature-control during crimping of an implant |
| EP3876870B1 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2023-12-20 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Ventricular deployment of a transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis |
| CA3132873A1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Retrievable prosthesis delivery system |
| AU2020256195B2 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2022-10-13 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Controllably deployable prosthetic valve |
| WO2020210652A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Prosthetic valve with natural blood flow |
| WO2020236931A1 (en) | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-26 | Neovasc Tiara Inc. | Introducer with hemostasis mechanism |
| US11311376B2 (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2022-04-26 | Neovase Tiara Inc. | Low profile prosthetic mitral valve |
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-
2003
- 2003-07-16 NZ NZ527025A patent/NZ527025A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-07-09 WO PCT/NZ2004/000146 patent/WO2005007017A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-07-09 AT AT04748841T patent/ATE456334T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-09 US US10/563,387 patent/US9017396B2/en active Active
- 2004-07-09 JP JP2006520134A patent/JP2007521096A/ja active Pending
- 2004-07-09 EP EP04748841A patent/EP1643938B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-09 DE DE602004025348T patent/DE602004025348D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-09 CN CN200480026355.2A patent/CN1849104B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-09 CA CA2532086A patent/CA2532086C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-04-03 HK HK07103598.3A patent/HK1097435A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060161250A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| CA2532086A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| EP1643938A2 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
| DE602004025348D1 (de) | 2010-03-18 |
| EP1643938B1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
| NZ527025A (en) | 2007-01-26 |
| US9017396B2 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
| WO2005007017A2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| CN1849104B (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
| CA2532086C (en) | 2012-04-17 |
| HK1097435A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 |
| JP2007521096A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
| ATE456334T1 (de) | 2010-02-15 |
| EP1643938A4 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
| WO2005007017A3 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
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