CN1842462A - Single clutch transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

A two speed transmission includes an input shaft; a lay shaft spaced from the input shaft; a first gear train connecting the input shaft to the lay shaft; a second gear train connecting the lay shaft to an output shaft the gear train including a one way clutch or similar; and a clutch for engaging the input shaft with the output shaft. The transmission is arranged such that when the output shaft is disengaged from the input shaft power is transmitted to the output shaft via the first and second gear trains and the lay shaft. When the clutch is disengaged, power is transmitted from the input shaft via the gear trains and the lay shaft via the one way clutch to the output shaft which typically provides first or low gear for use in low speed manoeuvring or where greater torque is required. With the clutch engaged, power may be transmitted from the input shaft directly to the output shaft to provide a second gear for when the watercraft is cruising. This transmission system has the advantage of being extremely compact and since, it requires only a single clutch, provides reduced drag compared with transmission systems incorporating more than one clutch. Advantageously, the default for the transmission has the one way clutch or similar in the first or lower gear, with the clutch normally on, so that if the system fails, it is always possible for the boat owner to get the boat home albeit at a slower speed.

Description

Single clutch transmission

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of single clutch transmission, especially, the present invention relates to a kind of manual drive that is particularly suitable for the single clutch automation of marine vessel applications.

The cross reference of related application

The present invention requires the preceence of Australian provisional application 2003903788 and U.S. Provisional Application 60/507005 application.The full content of these two files is included in this by reference.Also require the preceence of the Australian provisional application 2004901167 of same applicant/cessionary's submission, the full content of this relevant provisional application also is included in this by reference.

Background technology

In the most existing driving device for a vessel, marine engine is to provide the gear case of single drive ratio to be connected with propelling unit by one.Speed of the ship in meters per second is by controlling via the Throttle Valve Control engine speed.Generally speaking, boats and ships all are equipped to when they navigate by water with the cruising speed of setting, and its operating efficiency is the highest.Barge can be designed to cruise with the speed of 35 to 40 joints, and is equipped to when navigating by water about with this speed or this speed most effective and the most easy to control thus.Yet, this scheme problem be that such boats and ships are difficult to handle control when low speed, and when boats and ships landing pier for example, just need low speed.When the minimum speed that can move satisfactorily when boats and ships was the 10 joint left and right sides, it be very difficult introducing dock to boats and ships safely.In some occasion,, there is also a desire for a low transmitting ratio, and high transmitting ratio is used for high-speed cruising for the application that requires to increase moment of torsion.

Though proposed many how fast drive transmissions peculiar to vessel, they have many problems.For example, U.S. Pat 6350165 has disclosed a kind of boats and ships, and it has adopted a driving device that two kinds of speed of advances and a kind of speed that falls back are arranged.This driving device is based on a kind of planetary gear construction, so cost is higher relatively.This driving device also has a problem: owing to the mode that the gear collocation is arranged, can not change the transmitting ratio of gear at an easy rate, because this must change all gears.Therefore, being difficult to encapsulation and change planetary gear system makes it to adapt with different application, different size of engine etc.

The objective of the invention is to solve or alleviate in the prior art subproblem at least.

Included any discussion about file, action, material, device, article or other or the like all only is to the invention provides a context environmental in order to give in the specification sheets of the present invention.Should not be considered to be any part of having admitted in these contents or all formed the component part on prior art basis with regard to having existed before the preceence of each claim of the application, perhaps be the general general knowledge of general-duty in the technical field relevant with the present invention.

Summary of the invention

According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of boats and ships dual drive system of compact conformation, it comprises:

One input shaft;

One output shaft;

One first train of gears, this first train of gears is used for input shaft is connected to output shaft, thereby drives output shaft with first grade;

One second train of gears, this second train of gears is used for input shaft is connected to output shaft, thereby drives output shaft with second grade; And

One single clutch device, this single clutch device are used for the gear multiplication that is not equal to 1: 1 input shaft being connected to output shaft.

Output shaft can be parallel with input shaft, and is connected by all train of gearss that are used for first and second grades.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of dual drive, it comprises:

One input shaft;

One countershaft, this countershaft and input shaft are spaced apart;

One first train of gears, this first train of gears is connected to countershaft with input shaft;

One second train of gears, this second train of gears is connected to output shaft with countershaft and comprises a free-wheel clutch; And

One power-transfer clutch, this power-transfer clutch are used to make input shaft to engage with output shaft, and it is arranged as when output shaft and input shaft are disengaged, and power reaches output shaft via first and second train of gearss and countershaft.

Preferably, provide a claw clutch to be used for countershaft being disengaged when falling back state being in.

When power-transfer clutch was disengaged, power reached output shaft from input shaft and via free-wheel clutch from countershaft via train of gears, and this provides first grade or low gear usually, and it is capable or when requiring than high pulling torque to be used for low-speed machine.When on the clutch engagement, power can directly reach output shaft from input shaft, to provide second grade, when being used for boats and ships and cruising.

This actuator system has very compact advantage, and simultaneously, because it only needs single power-transfer clutch, so compare with the actuator system that comprises a more than power-transfer clutch, its resistance is also less.Advantageously, the default conditions of this driving device are first or have this free-wheel clutch when low-grade, and power-transfer clutch normally connects, thus when system down, always the shipowner ship can be left back, although speed is slowly.

In a preferred embodiment, provide and be used to make device that free-wheel clutch is disengaged so that the output shaft counter-rotating.This device can be mechanically, hydraulic way or electromechanical means are handled.

Typically, provide a control system, be used for the slippage of control clutch.The sliding velocity of power-transfer clutch can be controlled by monitoring drive shaft speed and output impeller speed.Output speed can be used as the input of control sliding velocity, thereby allows power-transfer clutch slippage under arbitrary speed and moment of torsion.

Description of drawings

The specific embodiment of the present invention now will be as an example, be illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing, in these accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a kind of quarter of a ship scheme drawing that comprises the afterbody drive transmission, and driving device wherein belongs to the type that is called Type B (bravo) actuating device usually by some makers;

Fig. 2 is the scheme drawing of first embodiment of driving device of the present invention;

What Fig. 3 showed is the driving device shown in Figure 2 that adds control system;

Fig. 4 is the scheme drawing of second embodiment of driving device of the present invention;

What Fig. 5 showed is the driving device shown in Figure 4 that adds control system;

Fig. 6 is a kind of quarter of a ship scheme drawing with afterbody drive transmission, and driving device wherein belongs to the type that is called the Type B actuating device usually by some makers; And

Fig. 7 is a kind of scheme drawing with dual drive of single power-transfer clutch, and wherein the output gear position is near the mouth of driving device; And

Fig. 8 has shown the dual drive with single power-transfer clutch, and wherein clutch position is near mouth.

The specific embodiment

Referring to accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 represents to have the afterbody of the boats and ships 10 of hull 12.The afterbody driver element 16 that comprises the manual drive 18 of a single clutch automation is positioned at the back of boats and ships stern trimming flag 20, the driving engine (not shown) is positioned at hull, from the output shaft 22 of driving engine substantially on even keels stretch out from the afterbody of boats and ships, provide power to afterbody driver element 16.Such marine propuision system also is referred to as " ship in/outboard actuating device " usually.

The output shaft of boats and ships 22 is around the axis rotation of cardinal principle level.The output the tip of the axis is fixed with a bevel gear 24.The bevel gear 24 that is formed at output shaft end respectively with advance bevel gear and retreat bevel gear 26,28 and be meshed, and a claw clutch or similar power-transfer clutch 30 move along arrow " A " direction, vertical output axle 32 is connected with the bevel gear 26 that advances, perhaps move along arrow " B " direction, with vertical output axle 32 with retreat bevel gear 28 and be connected, what otherwise perhaps, this depended on assembling is dextrorotation or left-handed propeller.The bottom 34 of vertical output axle operationally is connected with the bevel gear 36,38 of other pair of meshing, this to gear with the vertical axis movement conversion of output shaft 34 to the axle 40 of the cardinal principle level that drives propelling unit 42.Above-mentioned layout is that existing ship drive system representative type is a kind of, is commonly referred to " Type B " actuating device in certain areas.

The system that Fig. 6 represents is " α " type actuating device what use, rather than Type B actuating device shown in Figure 1.In this case, output shaft 24 is connected directly to input shaft 32 by bevel gear 24,28, and moving forward and backward of boats and ships is that bottom by the actuating device of contiguous propelling unit 40 is selected to provide by claw clutch 120 or other similar mechanism.The present invention relates to a kind ofly not only provides two-speed to drive for boats and ships but also has many driving system and control setups that are better than the advantage of existing ship driving system.

Fig. 2 has shown first embodiment of single clutch automated manual driving device 18.Vertical output axle from Type B actuating device 32 is the input shaft 32 of driving device of the present invention.Bearing 34 these axles of supporting.Gear 36 is installed in the outside of input shaft 32.Gear 36 be installed in the gear 38 that is parallel on the countershaft 40 that input shaft 32 extends and be meshed.According to the position of slipping mechanism 42, this gear both can engage with countershaft, and rotation also can be dallied around countershaft therewith.Express two positions of slipping mechanism in Fig. 2: 44 expressions engage, and 46 expressions are disengaged.Slipping mechanism can be operated with hydraulic way, mechanical system, electric means or other appropriate method.

Free-wheel clutch 48 is fixed on the lower end of countershaft 40, and is meshed with gear 50 on being fixed on output shaft 52 round the gear 49 of this free-wheel clutch.This free-wheel clutch can keep moment of torsion in one direction, and it can dally on another direction.

Power-transfer clutch 54 is used for making two axles to engage between the lower end of the upper end of output shaft and input shaft.When throw-out-of clutch, power reaches countershaft 40 from input shaft via gear 36,38, reaches output gear shaft 52 via free-wheel clutch 48 by gear 50 more thus.This provides first grade, when being used for low cruise or requirement and having than high pulling torque.When clutch engagement, power directly is passed to output shaft 52 by input shaft 32.This provides second grade, is used in boats and ships cruise.Gear 36,38 keeps engagement, and the free-wheel clutch 48 on the countershaft still meshes with gear 52, and in this case, free-wheel clutch 48 rotates specific output axle 52 slower, therefore with over travel operation (over run).

In this driving device, according to the difference of its clutch position, or first grade, or second grade always be in running condition.This has just been avoided the problem of torque break.

For the Type B actuating device, in order to make the axle counter-rotating, just must provide mechanical device or other device that free-wheel clutch is thrown off, for example can use machinery, hydraulic pressure or dynamo-electric mode that countershaft and output shaft are disengaged.In the embodiment that is narrated, this function is provided by slipping mechanism 42.When falling back, gear 50 makes free-wheel clutch drive countershaft 40 by free-wheel clutch, but because gear 38 is thrown off by slipping mechanism, countershaft is idle running just.Need slipping mechanism to prevent second grade of work when falling back, free-wheel clutch rotates in the opposite direction, and pins mutually with axle 52, and the latter rotates with the speed different with free-wheel clutch in second grade.

Be equipped with in the control system shown in Fig. 3 to be used for controlling driving device.Control system comprises an electronic control unit that is connected with various sensors (ECU) 60.Native system comprises: measures the sensor 62 and 64 of input shaft, output shaft rotating speed respectively, the sensor 68 of gear position information is provided, the sensor 66 of engine throttle location information is provided, and the sensor 70 that hydraulic fluid temperature information in the system is provided.Perhaps, the part in these information can be collected by common vessel/engine BUS or CAN 100.

Fig. 3 has shown that also one comprises the valve body 80 of control cock and the electro-hydraulic magnet coil 82 of a start-up control clutch slip, can describe in more detail below.ECU 60 is also delivered in the position of coil 82.Fig. 3 has also shown the Hydraulic Pump 84 of the hydraulic pressure that is used for keeping system's hydraulic control pump, but this hydraulic power source also can be by existing pump-Hydraulic Pump or other other pump-provide from the outside.This system also comprises the position transduser that is used for detection of gear engagement position.

It only is the boats and ships stop function of the very low velocity of several joints that the clutch slip system also can be used for when the requested number level, and wherein clutch slip can be used to consume the too much rotating speed of output shaft, slowly moves to make boats and ships under the situation of still keeping throttle speed.Control system is by controlling output speed by the electric signal of delivering to electro-hydraulic coil 36 to piston pressure.System can receive from the electronic request at various system running patterns such as any suitable input media of button, joystick, radio control or the like, comprises stop, trolling and high promotion energy (hi-launch energy).

Free-wheel clutch can be roll clutch, overriding clutch, ratchet clutch or other similar power-transfer clutch.

Device with regard to not needing free-wheel clutch is disengaged when driving device is used for " α " type ship tail actuating device shown in Figure 6 (wherein the selection to the gear overlap joint that moves forward and backward provides at contiguous angle of rake output shaft end portion).Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 have provided a such driving device 18a, the element components identical in wherein every and the driving device 18, and its Reference numeral is also identical.Unique material difference does not have slipping mechanism 42. exactly.

This driving device has the very compact advantage of structure, and because it only requires a power-transfer clutch, compares with the driving device that comprises a more than power-transfer clutch, and its friction drag reduces.Advantageously, the default conditions of this driving device for make driving device be in first grade promptly low-grade, its power-transfer clutch is normally open circuited, so if system down, always the shipowner ship might be left back, although speed is slow.

Fig. 7 has shown the another kind of embodiment of marine transmission, in this example, demonstration be the manual drive 100 of single clutch automation.Just as the example of the driving device of narrating previously, this driving device also be as in the ship/part of outboard ship propulsion system shows.

The output shaft (not shown) of boats and ships is around the rotation of the axis of cardinal principle level, and it is coaxial and drive input shaft and rotate with the input shaft 102 that is bearing in the driving device on the bearing 103.The output shaft 104 of this marine transmission is bearing on the bearing 105, and is parallel with input shaft 102 and across a distance.

Be formed at bevel gear 106 and the bevel gear and retreat bevel gear 108,110 and mesh respectively of advancing of the terminal 104a of output of output shaft 104, claw-type clutch (or allied equipment) move in vertical direction with vertical output axle 114 with retreat bevel gear 110 or the bevel gear 108 that advances is meshed, otherwise also or, this depends on that what installed is dextrorotation or left-handed propeller.

Angle of rake boats and ships direction is done to advance or the selection of setback is carried out by claw clutch 112 after marine transmission output, therefore, the input shaft of marine transmission and output shaft are all the time with the equidirectional rotation, and driving device 100 needn't be dealt with input shaft or output shaft with more than one direction rotation.

As the standard of this area, the bottom of vertical output axle (not shown) may be operably coupled to another to the ingear bevel gear, and the latter is changed the vertical axis motion of vertical output axle 114 into drive angle of rake horizontal shaft the motion that is roughly horizontal axis.

The gear 120 that is used for first grade is installed in output shaft 104, and it and gear 122 mesh, and the latter has engaged a free-wheel clutch that is contained on the input shaft 102.Be used for second grade gear 124 and associated clutch 126 and adjoin first gear and be installed in output shaft, and be positioned on the opposite side of first gear 120 with respect to the mouth 104a of output shaft.Second gear 124 with adjoin the gear 128 that free-wheel clutch 122 is installed on the input shaft and intermesh.

When power-transfer clutch does not engage (this is default conditions, and boats and ships can navigate by water with first grade of speed when power-transfer clutch has fault like this), input shaft drives output shafts via first gear 120, and this can be used for boats and ships and stops and low cruise.The gear rotation is skidded on the first clutch assembly.The main portion of power-transfer clutch 126 is along with output shaft rotates.

When power-transfer clutch 126 engages, enter second grade, the power-transfer clutch 126 and second gear rotate with output shaft.First gear 120 is forced to rotate power-transfer clutch 122 over travels operations (over run) with second gear, 124 unequal angular velocity.

With existing marine transmission contrast, will be appreciated that, changing gear multiplication is relatively easy thing, as long as changed two gears simply, if perhaps first gear multiplication and second gear multiplication all will change, that just changes four gears (although the transmitting ratio routine of the second gear transmission speed is 1: 1).

Another advantage is that this actuating device only requires that a power-transfer clutch provides two grades of speed, so its structure is more compact.

This driving device comprises a control system, and it comprises electronic control unit 130, Hydraulic Pump 132 and with regard to the sensor of the described sensor same-type of aforementioned embodiments.

Fig. 8 shown and similar device shown in Figure 7, but different be that in this device, the relative position of first gear 104 and second gear 126 is to have put upside down on input shaft and output shaft, the mouth of the contiguous output shaft in the position of power-transfer clutch.Arranging like this has its benefit, and it makes whole transmission device shorter at the top, and it helps to guarantee that driving device can empty raft (can clear the swim platform), will go through below with reference to Figure 11.Every element numbers that has with Fig. 7 too in Fig. 8.

Though driving device of the present invention is illustrated around the stern actuating device, and be specially adapted to marine vessel applications, but be appreciated that, it also can be used as the part of the driving system of any vehicle, be particularly suitable for following occasion, promptly when size and space are valuable especially, when cost-cutting and simplification are the advantage of particular importance, erect image in boats and ships outboard mechanism like that.Can look forward to this system is specially adapted to provide two speed transmissions for fork truck, technical application or the like.

In addition, though native system is stated as and is included in the ship/the afterbody driver element of outboard marine propuision system in, but be appreciated that, this system also can be contained in the outboard systems, wherein owing to its compact dimensions, in light weight, so driving engine and actuator system all are positioned at the back of stern trimming flag.It also can be used for shaft drying modification, as marine propuision systems such as the driving of the V between driving engine and propelling unit, surface drive.This driving device also can be used for driving the propelling unit that " jet drive " used.

Those skilled in the art necessarily understand, and can do many variations and/or modification to the present invention who is illustrated by the specific embodiment and do not depart from broadly described the spirit and scope of the invention.Therefore, from every aspect, the above specific embodiment is illustrative and nonrestrictive.

Claims (7)

1. dual drive, it comprises:

One input shaft;

One countershaft, this countershaft and input shaft are spaced apart;

One first train of gears, this first train of gears is connected to countershaft with input shaft;

One second train of gears, this second train of gears is connected to output shaft with countershaft and comprises a free-wheel clutch; And

One power-transfer clutch, this power-transfer clutch engages input shaft and output shaft, and power-transfer clutch is arranged to: when output shaft and input shaft were disengaged, power was passed to output shaft by first and second train of gearss and countershaft.

2. dual drive as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises a claw clutch, and this claw clutch is disengaged countershaft.

3. dual drive as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, this driving device is arranged to: power is delivered to output shaft to provide first grade by train of gears and countershaft via free-wheel clutch from input shaft when power-transfer clutch is disengaged; And power is directly delivered to output shaft to provide higher relatively second grade from input shaft when clutch engagement.

4. as above any described dual drive of claim, it is characterized in that, thereby the device that is used to that free-wheel clutch is disengaged and makes the output shaft counter-rotating is provided.

5. as above any described dual drive of claim, it is characterized in that, also comprise a control system, this control system setting is used for the slippage of control clutch.

6. dual drive as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises the device of the impeller speed that is used to monitor drive shaft speed and output; Wherein, described control system is arranged to: adopt output speed to go to control sliding velocity as an input, thereby the sliding velocity of may command power-transfer clutch makes the power-transfer clutch can slippage under arbitrary speed and moment of torsion.

7. dual drive system that is used for boats and ships, it comprises:

One input shaft;

One output shaft;

One first train of gears, this first train of gears is connected to output shaft with input shaft, thereby drives output shaft with first grade;

One second train of gears, this second train of gears is connected to output shaft with input shaft, thereby drives output shaft with second grade; And

One single clutch device, this single clutch device is connected input shaft with the gear multiplication that is not equal to 1: 1 with output shaft.

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